WO1996015111A9 - Method and intermediates for the synthesis of korupensamines - Google Patents
Method and intermediates for the synthesis of korupensaminesInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996015111A9 WO1996015111A9 PCT/US1995/014896 US9514896W WO9615111A9 WO 1996015111 A9 WO1996015111 A9 WO 1996015111A9 US 9514896 W US9514896 W US 9514896W WO 9615111 A9 WO9615111 A9 WO 9615111A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- benzyl
- acid
- alkyl
- protecting group
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 230000002194 synthesizing Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZHXTWWCDMUWMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyboron Chemical compound O[B]O ZHXTWWCDMUWMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- JOXWHCNNDTWJPX-CHWSQXEVSA-N Korupensamine A Chemical compound C[C@H]1N[C@H](C)CC2=C1C(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=C2C=C(C)C=C(OC)C2=C(O)C=C1 JOXWHCNNDTWJPX-CHWSQXEVSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001626 borono group Chemical group [H]OB([*])O[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- GMLBVLXDRNJFGR-MOUTVQLLSA-N Michellamine C Chemical compound C[C@H]1N[C@H](C)CC2=C1C(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=C2C=C(C)C=C(OC)C2=C(O)C(C=2C(=C3C(OC)=CC(C)=CC3=C(C=3C=4C[C@@H](C)N[C@H](C)C=4C(O)=CC=3O)C=2)O)=C1 GMLBVLXDRNJFGR-MOUTVQLLSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910004730 OSO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 42
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid ethyl ester Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene dichloride Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 29
- GMLBVLXDRNJFGR-ZJZGAYNASA-N michellamine A Chemical compound C[C@@H]1N[C@@H](C)CC2=C1C(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=C2C=C(C)C=C(OC)C2=C(O)C(C=2C(=C3C(OC)=CC(C)=CC3=C(C=3C=4C[C@H](C)N[C@@H](C)C=4C(O)=CC=3O)C=2)O)=C1 GMLBVLXDRNJFGR-ZJZGAYNASA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000008079 hexane Substances 0.000 description 20
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical class CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OBO Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M NaHCO3 Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N cd3od Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 diphenol amine Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L na2so4 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- ZNQUVDSMGUNAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dibromo-1-(methoxymethoxy)benzene Chemical compound COCOC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1Br ZNQUVDSMGUNAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 8
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- WSMPABBFCFUXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-2-[[2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid;hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.NCCCCC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 WSMPABBFCFUXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003820 Medium-pressure liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydroisoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CNCCC2=C1 UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YOQDYZUWIQVZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium borohydride Chemical compound [BH4-].[Na+] YOQDYZUWIQVZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 6
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diethylethanamine Substances CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 101700043453 chch-3 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004373 HOAc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KACXCDMMVNOZMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-diethyl-3-methylbut-2-enamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C=C(C)C KACXCDMMVNOZMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CSYNQJPENMOLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-diethylethanamine;ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CCN(CC)CC CSYNQJPENMOLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OZUSCVSONBBWOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ramentaceone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C2=CC(C)=CC(O)=C21 OZUSCVSONBBWOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 3
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- YXUIOVUOFQKWDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3,5-dimethoxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C1 YXUIOVUOFQKWDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAXWFCTVSHEODL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dibromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1Br FAXWFCTVSHEODL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROHXOMQKRTUHFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dibromo-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound COC1(Br)CC=C(Br)C=C1 ROHXOMQKRTUHFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium carbonate Chemical compound N.N.OC(O)=O PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UYYCVBASZNFFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-propan-2-ylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC1CCCCC1 UYYCVBASZNFFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000005347 biaryls Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006264 debenzylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KLYCPFXDDDMZNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dehydrobenzene Chemical compound C1=CC#CC=C1 KLYCPFXDDDMZNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000017858 demethylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010520 demethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UPRXAOPZPSAYHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;cyclohexyl(propan-2-yl)azanide Chemical compound CC(C)N([Li])C1CCCCC1 UPRXAOPZPSAYHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930014623 naphthyl-isoquinoline alkaloids Natural products 0.000 description 2
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005691 oxidative coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reduced Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009895 reductive bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGYCJCNJSUCUCI-HUUCEWRRSA-N (1R,3R)-2-benzyl-6,8-dimethoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline Chemical compound N1([C@H](C)CC=2C=C(C=C(OC)C=2[C@H]1C)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RGYCJCNJSUCUCI-HUUCEWRRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRGRFDNHLOPXIW-RKDXNWHRSA-N (1R,3R)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline Chemical compound C1[C@@H](C)N[C@H](C)C2=C1C=C(OC)C=C2OC VRGRFDNHLOPXIW-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODXNQFBFKMABGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC(CC=O)=CC(OC)=C1 ODXNQFBFKMABGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000893025 Ancistrocladus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910015446 B(OCH3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015845 BBr3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710014631 CHURC1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMA Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010092799 EC 2.7.7.49 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000033147 ERVK-25 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexamethylphosphoramide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000713772 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 101700036384 LAG2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000580858 Simian-Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940083599 Sodium Iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tetra-n-butylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000037138 Vds Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N Zidovudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](N=[N+]=[N-])C1 HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002555 Zidovudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010719 annulation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001503 aryl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013736 caramel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWEGVZDXTQLFLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidoboron Chemical compound [O-][B][O-] PWEGVZDXTQLFLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009509 drug development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006192 iodination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated Effects 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural products Natural products 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004305 normal phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006237 oxymethylenoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002633 protecting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 1
- UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=N1 UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000108 silver(I,III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ag].[Ag] VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003526 tetrahydroisoquinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000215338 unidentified plant Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological Effects 0.000 description 1
Definitions
- Michellamines A (1), B (2), and C (3) constitute a family of anti-
- Michellamine B possesses a multilevel mode of action including an inhibition of the viral reverse transcriptase as well as blockage of cellular fusion and synctium formation.
- michellamine B has been selected by the National Cancer Institute for INDA-directed preciinical development. See, for example, K.P. Manfredi et al., J. Med. Chem.. 34, 3402 (1991) and M.R. Boyd et al., J. Med. Chem.. 37. 1740 (1994).
- Atropisomers 1-3 are unique among known naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids in their dimeric nature, in the locus of the naphthalene to isoquinoline biaryl bond, and in the extent of free hydroxyl group adornment.
- the relative configurations of the stereogenic biaryl axes in each of 1-3 were established by identification of NOE interactions between the peri-H( 1 ') and -H(l'") and one or the other of the diastereotopic protons at C(4) and C(4'").
- the absolute configurations at C(1)/C(T") and C(3)/C(3'") were assigned by degradation to ⁇ -alanine and ⁇ -3-aminobutyric acid, respectively. See, M.R. Boyd et al., as cited above, G. Bringmann et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng.. 32, 1190 (1993) and G. Bringmann et al., Tetrahedron. 32, 9643 (1994).
- the configurations at 5/8' and 875"' of michellamines A. B and C are S/S, S/R and R/R, respectively.
- swsTmjresBEr r ⁇ iiB Compound 4 1 has been referred to as korupensamine B by G. Bringmann et al., J. Org. Chem..52, 6349 (1994). In view of the ability to synthesize michellamines from these compounds in no more than five steps, a need exists for synthetic methods and intermediates which can be employed to prepare korupensamines.
- the present invention provides intermediates useful for the synthesis of korupensamines and thus for the synthesis of michellamines and their analogs.
- the present invention provides a compound of the general formula (I):
- X is Br, Cl or I
- Y is H, (C,-C 4 )alkyl, benzyl, or CHO
- each of R 1 and R 2 is H or CH 3 and each of R 3 and R 4 is H, (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkyl, benzyl, (C 2 -Cs)acyl, or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group such as (C ⁇ -C 4 )alkoxy(C,-C 4 )alkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or (R 8 ) 3 Si, wherein each R 8 is (Cj-C 4 )alkyl.
- X is I
- R 1 and R 2 are CH 3
- a broken line indicates a bond that extends below the plane of the ring, i.e., below the plane of the page, and a wedged line indicates a bond that extends above the plane of the page.
- the U?,3/?-isomer of (I) is employed.
- the present invention also provides compounds of the formula (II):
- R 6 is Cl, Br, I, B(OH)2, an anhydride or ester of B(OH) 2 , or OSO2R 9 , wherein R 9 is (C ⁇ -C 4 )perfluoroalkyl, and each of R 5 and R 7 is H, (C ⁇ -C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C 2 -Cs)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group, as described above.
- R 6 is Br or B(OH)2
- R 5 is an acid-labile protecting group
- R 7 is H or CH 3 .
- the compound of formula II wherein R 6 is B(OH)2 can be prepared from a compound of formula II wherein R 6 is halo, by lithiation and reaction of the lithiated compound with B(OMe)3, following protection of the two OH groups, i.e., wherein R 5 and R 7 are not H or acyl.
- a further aspect of the present invention is a method to prepare a korupensamine, preferably korupensamine A or B, or an analog thereof comprising:
- R 5 is benzyl, (C2-Cs)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group, R 6 is B(OH)2, and R 7 is (C ⁇ -C4)alkyl; in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst and an inorganic base in an organic solvent, to yield a compound of the formula (V):
- R 1 and R 2 are each H or CH3, R 7 is (Cj - C 4 )alkyl, and Y, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are H.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 7 are CH3, R 5 is an acid-labile protecting group, preferably methoxymethyl, that is subsequently removed by exposing V to dilute aqueous acid, and Y, R 3 and R 4 are benzyl that are subsequently removed by hydrogenolysis.
- the l/?,3R-isomer of III is employed, which yields a mixture of korupensamines A and C.
- Figure 1 is a reaction scheme summarizing the reaction of compounds 8 and 13 to yield korupensamine derivatives S-14 and R-14, and the conversion of these compounds to michellamines A-C.
- SBBS ⁇ iTE SHEET (Rffll 28 Generally, demethylation of 7 yields a compound of formula I wherein Y, R 3 and R 4 are H, and the hydroxyl groups can be reacted with other protecting groups, such as those disclosed hereinabove.
- the iodo moiety can be replaced by Br or Cl by a variety of halogen exchange reactions, such as by lithiation, following reaction with elemental halogen.
- Replacement of (R)-PhCH (Me)NH 2 with PhCH 2 NH 2 and/or reaction with the corresponding 3,5-dimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde yields compounds of formula I wherein R 1 and/or R 2 is H.
- MOM methoxymethyl
- the palladium(O) catalyzed cross-coupling of 8 with 13 provided an about 4:3 ratio of the hindered atropisomers S-14 and R-14 (40-80%).
- Palladium(O) catalyzed cross-coupling is typically carried out in the presence of a base and an organic solvent.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (Pd(PPh3) 4 ) as the source of palladium(O) catalyst, saturated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) as the base and toluene as the organic solvent.
- Pd(0) catalysts include those disclosed in Larock et al. (U.S. Patent No.
- Bases useful in the present invention are those which are adequately soluble in the reaction medium. Although an inorganic base is preferred, an organic base can also be used. Representative bases are disclosed at Col. 7 of the Larock et al. patent, and Col. 7 of the Blaser et al. patent, as cited above.
- Suitable organic solvents include, in addition to the preferred toluene, tetrahydrofuran, ethers, glycol ethers, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethyl forma ide, acetonitrile, acetamide, dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoramide.
- Michellamines A-C were cleanly (as judged from the crude l H NMR spectrum) produced with nearly quantitative mass recovery. Separation of a small portion on amino-bonded phase [7:1 CH 2 Cl2:0.1 weight % (NH4) 2 CC> 3 in methanol] has thus far provided a pure sample of michellamine A (1) along with an about 2: 1 mixture of michellamines B (2) and C (3), as determined by NMR analysis.
- the invention will further be described by reference to the following detailed examples.
- reaction mixture was immediately allowed to warm to room temperature and stir. After 10 h, the flask was cooled to -78 °C and carefully quenched with 1.5 mL of MeOH. The stir bar was removed and the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield a brown oil.
- N-benzyl-(lR, 3R)- 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline 62 mg, 0.2 mmol
- acetic acid 1 mL
- sodium iodide 120 mg, 0.8 mmol
- concentrated aqueous hydrobromic acid 49%, 2 mL
- a solution of dimethyl sulfate (2.52 g, 20.0 mmol) in methylene chloride (20 mL) was prepared in a 100 mL round bottom flask. To the flask was added a solution of tetrabutyl-ammonium bromide (2.25 g, 7.0 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (400 mg, 10.0 mmol) in water (15 mL). To this mixture was added a solution of compound 113 (1.335 g, 5 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h and then diluted with methylene chloride (20 mL).
- bromide 111 (1.10 g, 3.54 mmol) freshly distilled THF (10 mL). Under nitrogen, the solution was cooled to - 78 °C and then n-butyllithium (2.5 M in hexane, 1.7 mL, 4.2 mmol) was added. The resulting solution was stirred for 15 minutes, after which time a precipitate appeared. Trimethyl borate (1.7 mL, 14.4 mmol) was added to the flask and a clear solution formed. The mixture was stirred at - 78 °C for 30 min and then at room temperature for 2 h.
- Compound 14 was obtained from boronic acid 13 and iodide 8 in 81% yield with a 4:3 ratio of S-14 to R-14.
- the product was purified by MPLC (hexanes/EtOAc/Et 3 N; 3:1:0.1); ifi.
- N-benzyl-(lR, 3R)-5-iodo- l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline [107] (66 mg, 0.15 mmol) and toluene (3 mL).
- compound 120 (58 mg, 0.23 mmol), which resulted in the formation of a slurry.
- a minimum amount of ethanol was added to change the slurry to a clear solution.
- reaction mixture was stirred until TLC analysis indicated no starting material and possible intermediate left.
- the catalyst was removed by passing through a bed of Celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield deprotected monomer.
Abstract
A method of preparing a korupensamine or an analog thereof comprising: (a) reacting a compound of formula (III), wherein each of R?1 and R2¿ is CH¿3? or H, X is I, Y is (C1-C4)alkyl, benzyl or CHO, and each of R?3 and R4¿ is (C¿1?-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-C5)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group; with a compound of formula (IV), wherein R?5¿ is benzyl, (C¿2?-C5)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group, R?6¿ is B(OH)¿2?, and R?7¿ is (C¿1?-C4)alkyl; in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst and an inorganic base in an organic solvent, to yield a compound of formula (V), wherein Y, R?1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R7¿ are as defined above for compounds of formula (III) and (IV). Additionally the intermediates of formula (III), wherein X is Br, Cl or I, Y is H, (C¿1?-C4)alkyl, benzyl, or CHO, each of R?1 and R2 is H or CH3, R?3¿ is a protecting group selected from the group consisting of (C¿1?-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-C5)acyl and an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group; and R?4¿ is H or (C¿2?-C5)acyl; or wherein X is Br, Cl or I, Y is H, (C1-C4)alkyl, benzyl, or CHO, each of R?1 and R2¿ is H or CH¿5, R?3 is H or (C¿2?-C5)acyl and R?4¿ is a protecting group selected from the group consisting of (C¿1?-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-C5)acyl and an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group; and the intermediates of formula (IV), wherein R?6¿ is Cl, Br, I, B(OH)¿2?, an anhydride or ester of B(OH)2, or OSO2R?9¿, wherein R9 is (C¿1?-C4)perfluoroalkyl, and each of R?5 and R7¿ is H, (C¿1?-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-C5)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group.
Description
METHOD AND INTERMEDIATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF KORUPENSAMINES
Background of the Invention
Michellamines A (1), B (2), and C (3) constitute a family of anti-
HIV, atropisomeric, naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. All are fully protective against both HIV-1 and HTV-2 infected CEM-SS cells with EC50 values of 2-13 μM. Michellamine B, the most studied and most prevalent of the group, completely protects MT-2 cells from both AZT-resistant and pyridone-resistant strains of HTV- 1. The structure of michellamine B is shown below:
Michellamine B (2)
Michellamine B possesses a multilevel mode of action including an inhibition of the viral reverse transcriptase as well as blockage of cellular fusion and synctium formation. In light of these promising properties, as well as favorable initial toxicity evaluation, michellamine B has been selected by the National Cancer Institute for INDA-directed preciinical development. See, for example, K.P.
Manfredi et al., J. Med. Chem.. 34, 3402 (1991) and M.R. Boyd et al., J. Med. Chem.. 37. 1740 (1994).
The michellamines were isolated from a previously unidentified plant, Ancistrocladus korupensis—a. liana found only in the rain forest of a limited region in Cameroon. Supply continuity and sufficiency are important concerns for further drug development. Atropisomers 1-3 are unique among known naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids in their dimeric nature, in the locus of the naphthalene to isoquinoline biaryl bond, and in the extent of free hydroxyl group adornment. The relative configurations of the stereogenic biaryl axes in each of 1-3 were established by identification of NOE interactions between the peri-H( 1 ') and -H(l'") and one or the other of the diastereotopic protons at C(4) and C(4'"). The absolute configurations at C(1)/C(T") and C(3)/C(3'") were assigned by degradation to Λ-alanine and Λ-3-aminobutyric acid, respectively. See, M.R. Boyd et al., as cited above, G. Bringmann et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng.. 32, 1190 (1993) and G. Bringmann et al., Tetrahedron. 32, 9643 (1994). The configurations at 5/8' and 875"' of michellamines A. B and C are S/S, S/R and R/R, respectively.
Two syntheses of michellamine A were recently described by G. Bringmann et al., Tetrahedron. 32, 9643 (1994), and T.R. Kelly et al., Tetrahedron Lett.. 35, 7621 (1994). An acyl derivative of a sample of the natural product korupensamine A (4), which co-exists with the michellamines in the plant, was oxidatively dimerized with silver oxide to yield a binaphthylidendione, which was reduced and deacylated to yield michellamine A. The structure of korupensamine A (4) and its atropisomer ("korupensamine C" (4')) are shown below:
Korupensamine A (4) Korupensamine C (4')
swsTmjresBEr røiiB
Compound 41 has been referred to as korupensamine B by G. Bringmann et al., J. Org. Chem..52, 6349 (1994). In view of the ability to synthesize michellamines from these compounds in no more than five steps, a need exists for synthetic methods and intermediates which can be employed to prepare korupensamines.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides intermediates useful for the synthesis of korupensamines and thus for the synthesis of michellamines and their analogs. For example, the present invention provides a compound of the general formula (I):
wherein X is Br, Cl or I; Y is H, (C,-C4)alkyl, benzyl, or CHO; each of R1 and R2 is H or CH3 and each of R3 and R4 is H, (Cι-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-Cs)acyl, or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group such as (Cι-C4)alkoxy(C,-C4)alkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or (R8)3Si, wherein each R8 is (Cj-C4)alkyl. Preferably, X is I, R1 and R2 are CH3, and R3, R4 and Y are the same protecting group, i.e., R3=R4 =γ=benzyl.
As shown in compound 2, a broken line indicates a bond that extends below the plane of the ring, i.e., below the plane of the page, and a wedged line indicates a bond that extends above the plane of the page. Thus, to prepare korupensamines A and C, the U?,3/?-isomer of (I) is employed. However, the procedures disclosed by G. Bringmann et al., cited above, permit the preparation of all the 1,3-isomers of formula (I), wherein X=H; hence all the 1,3-isomers of formula (I) are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
The present invention also provides compounds of the formula (II):
wherein R6 is Cl, Br, I, B(OH)2, an anhydride or ester of B(OH)2, or OSO2R9, wherein R9 is (Cι-C4)perfluoroalkyl, and each of R5 and R7 is H, (Cι-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-Cs)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group, as described above. Preferably, R6 is Br or B(OH)2, R5 is an acid-labile protecting group, and R7 is H or CH3.
The compound of formula II wherein R6 is B(OH)2 can be prepared from a compound of formula II wherein R6 is halo, by lithiation and reaction of the lithiated compound with B(OMe)3, following protection of the two OH groups, i.e., wherein R5 and R7 are not H or acyl. The compound of formula II wherein R6 is B(OH)2 and R5 and R7 are not H or acyl can be coupled via Pd(0) catalyzed coupling with a compound of formula I, wherein X is I, Ri=R2=CH3, and R3, R4 and Y are not H, to yield N- and 6,8,4',5' hydroxyl- protected korupensamines. Selective removal of the 5' hydroxyl protecting group, followed by oxidative 676' coupling, reduction and, if necessary, removal of the remaining R3, R4 and Y protecting groups, wherein R7 is CH3, affords a mixture of michellamines A-C, which can be separated by chromatographic techniques. Thus, a further aspect of the present invention is a method to prepare a korupensamine, preferably korupensamine A or B, or an analog thereof comprising:
(a) reacting a compound of the formula (ID):
SβSππiTE SHEET (R8LE 21)
wherein each of R1 and R2 is CH3 or H, X is I, Y is (Cι-C4)alkyl, benzyl or CHO, and each of R3 and R4 is (Cι-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-Cs)acyl or an acid- labile hydroxy protecting group; with a compound of the formula (IV):
wherein R5 is benzyl, (C2-Cs)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group, R6 is B(OH)2, and R7 is (Cι-C4)alkyl; in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst and an inorganic base in an organic solvent, to yield a compound of the formula (V):
wherein Y, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R7 are as defined above; and
(b) removing protecting groups R3, R4, R5 and Y to yield a compound of formula V wherein R1 and R2 are each H or CH3, R7 is (Cj - C4)alkyl, and Y, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are H. Preferably, R1 , R2 and R7 are CH3, R5 is an acid-labile protecting group, preferably methoxymethyl, that is subsequently removed by exposing V to dilute aqueous acid, and Y, R3 and R4 are benzyl that are subsequently removed by hydrogenolysis. Most preferably, the l/?,3R-isomer of III is employed, which yields a mixture of korupensamines A and C.
SϊβSTιTUlΕSlEr R8-f2$
Brief Description of the Figures Figure 1 is a reaction scheme summarizing the reaction of compounds 8 and 13 to yield korupensamine derivatives S-14 and R-14, and the conversion of these compounds to michellamines A-C.
Detailed Description of the Invention As shown in Scheme I, following the general route developed by G. Bringmann et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng.. 25, 913 (1986) and G. Bringmann, et al., Liebigs Ann. Chem.. 877 (1993), the non-racemic tetrahydroisoquinoline 7 (I, Y=H, R,=R2=R3=R4=CH3), was prepared from methyl 3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (5) via Raney nickel reduction of the non-racemic α-methylbenzylimine 6, following the methodology of D.E. Nichols et al., 1 Med. Chem.. l&, 480 (1973). Demethylation of 7 with excess boron tribromide gave a diphenol amine»HBr salt, which was tribenzylated with benzyl bromide and cesium carbonate in DMF at room temperature (85%, two steps). Regiospecific iodination with iodine and silver sulfate gave C(5)-activated, benzyl protected 8 (66%), in accord with the methodology of W.W. Wy, Tetrahedron Lett.. 34, 6223 (1993). Likewise, direct bromination with Br2 yields the corresponding brominated compound.
Scheme I.
SBBSππiTE SHEET (Rffll 28
Generally, demethylation of 7 yields a compound of formula I wherein Y, R3 and R4 are H, and the hydroxyl groups can be reacted with other protecting groups, such as those disclosed hereinabove. Likewise, the iodo moiety can be replaced by Br or Cl by a variety of halogen exchange reactions, such as by lithiation, following reaction with elemental halogen. Replacement of (R)-PhCH (Me)NH2 with PhCH2NH2 and/or reaction with the corresponding 3,5-dimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde yields compounds of formula I wherein R1 and/or R2 is H. Synthesis of all the possible 1 ,3-isomers of 7, as well as compounds of formula 7 wherein one OMe group has been replaced by OH, is disclosed by G. Bringmann, et al., Liebigs Ann. Chem.. 877 (1993).
As shown in Scheme π, boronic acid 13 (II, R5=CH2OCH3, R7=CH3, R6=B(OH)2 was efficiently prepared from methoxymethyl (MOM)- protected 2,4-dibromophenol (9) by a regiospecific benzyne annulation reaction. Treatment of 9 with an excess of lithium cyclohexylisopropylamide and N,N- diethyl seneciamide, as disclosed by M. Watanabe et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull.. , 2810 (1986), gave 12 (II, R5=CH2OCH3, R7=CH3, R6=Br) presumably by way of benzyne 10 and lithium enolate 11. Although the yield of this reaction was only 29%, the transformation was very reproducible. O-Methylation with methylsulfate, lithiation, and boronic acid synthesis with B(OCH3)3 followed standard protocols to yield 13.
Reaction of a protected compound of formula II wherein R6=Li with Cl2 or I2 yields II, R6=C1 or I. Likewise, other acid-labile protecting groups can be used in place of MeOCH2 in compound 9, and R7=CH3 in formula II can readily be replaced with other protecting groups.
SβSπiϋlE SHEET (Mftf 28
Scheme II.
eOC
As shown in Figure 1, the palladium(O) catalyzed cross-coupling of 8 with 13 provided an about 4:3 ratio of the hindered atropisomers S-14 and R-14 (40-80%). Palladium(O) catalyzed cross-coupling is typically carried out in the presence of a base and an organic solvent. A preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (Pd(PPh3)4) as the source of palladium(O) catalyst, saturated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the base and toluene as the organic solvent. Other useful sources of Pd(0) catalysts include those disclosed in Larock et al. (U.S. Patent No. 5,233,059, Col. 6) and Blaser et al. (U.S. Patent No. 4,335,054, Col. 6 and Col. 7), which may alternatively be used in the method of present invention under conditions wherein Pd(0) is generated. Bases useful in the present invention are those which are adequately soluble in the reaction medium. Although an inorganic base is preferred, an organic base can also be used. Representative bases are disclosed at Col. 7 of the Larock et al. patent, and Col. 7 of the Blaser et al. patent, as cited above. Examples of suitable organic solvents include, in addition to the preferred toluene, tetrahydrofuran, ethers, glycol ethers, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethyl forma ide, acetonitrile, acetamide, dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoramide.
Hydrolysis of the methoxymethyl (MOM) ethers of 14 gave the naphthols 15 (75-100%), which could be separated by careful normal-phase HPLC. Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl groups in a mixture of the naphthols 15 provided an about 4:3 mixture of korupensamine A and "C" atropisomers 4 and 4' .
The mixture of tribenzylated naphthols 15 underwent remarkably efficient oxidative coupling with excess silver oxide in methylene chloride (or CDCI3) at room temperature by the methodology of H. Laatsch, Liebigs Ann. Chem.. 1321, (1980), to give the purple indigoids R,S-16, S,5-16, and R,R- 16 in an about 2:1:1 ratio (about 100%). The cross-ring quinones 16 could be reduced to the corresponding colorless binaphthols (sodium dithionite, H2O, CH2CI2 or NaBH4, CH2CI2, EtOH) and then perdebenzylated. More conveniently, direct exposure of 16 to one atmosphere of hydrogen in methylene chloride/methanol over 10% Pd/C resulted in simultaneous reductive bleaching of the indigoid and complete hydrogenolysis of the six benzyl groups.
Michellamines A-C were cleanly (as judged from the crude lH NMR spectrum) produced with nearly quantitative mass recovery. Separation of a small portion on amino-bonded phase [7:1 CH2Cl2:0.1 weight % (NH4)2CC>3 in methanol] has thus far provided a pure sample of michellamine A (1) along with an about 2: 1 mixture of michellamines B (2) and C (3), as determined by NMR analysis. The invention will further be described by reference to the following detailed examples.
Example 1. Preparation of If/?), 3(R)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8- dihydroxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline hydrobromide salt (101)
( 1R, 3R)- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8-dimethoxy- 1 ,3- dimethylisoquinoline was prepared as described in G. Bringmann et al., Liebigs Ann. Chem.. 877 (1993) and 50.7 mg (0.2 mmol) placed in an oven dried flask (5 mL r.b.) containing CH2CI2 (1 mL) and a magnetic stir bar. The flask was sealed with a rubber septum and the atmosphere was exchanged for nitrogen. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78 °C and a BBr3 solution (1 mL, 4.3 equiv, 1 M in CH2θ2) was added via syringe. The reaction mixture was immediately allowed to warm to room temperature and stir. After 10 h, the flask was cooled to -78 °C and carefully quenched with 1.5 mL of MeOH. The stir bar was removed and the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield a brown oil.
"i , M
MeOH (3.5 mL) was added to dissolve the oil and the reaction mixture was concentrated again. This quenching procedure was repeated 6-8 times until the hydrobromide salt 101 (62.8 mg, 100%) was isolated as brown crystals; lH NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD): δ 6.23 [d, J = 1.8 Hz, Ar-H(7)], 6.12 [d, J = 2.1 Hz, Ar-H(5)], 4.64 [q, J = 6.7 Hz, CH.CH3], 3.75 [ddq, J = 11.6, 4.6 and 6.5 Hz, CH2CHCH3], 2.98 [dd, J = 17.4 and 4.6 Hz, CHaxlieqCHCH3], 2.75 [dd, J = 17.4 and 11.6 Hz, CEaXHeqCHCH3], 1.59 [d, J = 7.0 Hz, CHCH3], and 1.46 [d, J = 6.4 Hz, CH2CHCH3]; *3C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD): δ 158.97, 156.10, 133.65, 1 12.61, 107.01, 101.94, 49.35, 45.35, 34.59, 19.23, and 18.33; m.p. (range): 140-143 °; Anal. Calcd for C11H16NO2B1-: C, 48.19; H, 5.88. Found: C, 48.35; H, 5.69.
Example 2. Preparation of Tribenzylprotected Tetrahydroisoquinoline (102)
101 102
To a stirred solution of 1(R), 3(R)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8- dihydroxy-l,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline hydrobromide salt (0.39 g, 1.4 mmol) in 15 mL of dry DMF was added benzylbromide ( 1.70 g, 10.0 mmol), followed by the addition of cesium carbonate (2.40 g, 7.4 mmol). After being stirred for 6 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (100 mL), and EtOAc (100 mL) was added. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc Et3N; 9: 1:0.1) to yield tribenzyl-protected tetrahydroisoquinoline 102 (0.57 g, 86 %) as a thick yellow oil.; ^H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.42-7.21 [m, benzyl ArH], 6.42 [d, J = 2.0 Hz, ArH(7)], 6.34 [d, J = 2.0 Hz, ArH(5)], 4.99 [s, O(6)CH2Ph], 4.98 [d, J = 12.0 Hz, O(8)CHaH Ph], 4.95 [d, J = 12.0 Hz, O(8)CHaiibPh], 4.01 [q, J = 7.0 Hz, ArCHCH3], 3.82 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCEaHbPh], 3.52 [ddq, J = 10.5, 4.5 and 6.5 Hz, CHaCH CH], 3.32 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHjjPh], 2.63 [dd, J = 17.0 and 10.5 Hz, CHgCHbCH], 2.58 [dd, J = 17.0 and 4.5 Hz, CHaCHbCH], 1.34 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.26 [d, J = 6.5 Hz. CH3(3)]; 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCI3): δ 157.6, 157.1, 137.1, 136.7, 129.0, 128.7, 128.5 [5C], 128.4
SβBSTHϋTE SHEET ROLE 26
[2C], 128.3, 128.0 [2C], 127.9, 127.6 [2C], 126.9 [2C], 126.4, 105.5, 98.3, 70.0, 69.6, 51.2, 50.0, 45.7, 32.6, 19.9, and 19.5; IR (neat NaCl plates): 2967, 1603, 1454, and 1149 cπr1 ; Anal, calcd for C32H33NO2: C, 82.90; H, 7.17. Found: C, 82.89; H, 6.95.
Example 3. Preparation of Iodide (8)
102
A solution of compound 102 (0.48 g, 1.0 mmol) in 10 mL of
EtOH and 2 mL of CH2CI2 was added slowly to a stirred mixture of iodine (0.53 g, 2.1 mmol) and silver sulfate (0.69 g, 2.2 mmol) in 10 mL of EtOH. After being stirred at room temperature for 16 h, the yellow solid was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in CH2CI2 ( 100 mL). This solution was washed with saturated
NaHCO3, H2O, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes EtOAc; 9: 1) to yield iodide 8 (0.40 g, 66 %) as a thick oil; »H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.49-7.18 [m, benzyl ArH], 6.41 [s, ArH(7)], 5.07 [s, O(6)CH2Ph], 4.98 [d, J = 12.0 Hz, O(8)CHaHbPh], 4.94 [d, J = 12.0 Hz, O(8)CHaIit>Ph], 4.01 [q, J = 6.5 Hz, CHCH3], 3.82 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 3.51 [ddq, J = 12.0, 4.0 and 6.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 3.20 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 2.66 [dd, J = 17.5 and 4.0 Hz, CHaHbCH], 2.42 [dd, J = 17.5 and 12.0 Hz, CHaCHb_CH], 1.34 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.31 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)]; 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCI3): δ 157.4, 156.1, 141.3, 139.5, 137.1 [2C], 128.9 [7C], 128.5 [2C], 128.2, 127.4 [2C], 127.2 [3C], 126.9, 124.3, 97.7, 71.6, 70.3, 51.9, 50.1, 46.9, 39.3, 20.2, and 20.1; IR (neat NaCl plates): 2971, 1585, 1324, and 1062 cm-1 ; Anal, calcd for C32H32INO2: C, 65.20; H, 5.47. Found: C, 65.39; H, 5.73.
Example 4. Preparation of 5-Bromo-(lR, 3R)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline (103)
103
To a solution of tetrahydroisoquinoline 7 (50.0 mg, 0.23 mmol) in CH2C12 (0.5 ml) was added Br2 (13 μL, 0.25 mmol). After stirring for 10 min the reaction was diluted with Et2O, washed successively with with saturated K2CO3, saturated Na2S2θ3, and brine. The organics were then dried over 4 A molecular sieves, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was triturated with Et2O and a white solid was filtered (18.4 mg, 27% of brominated tetrahydroisoquinoline 103 as the HBr salt) The remaining material was purified by MPLC (hexanes EtOAc; 1:1 with 3% Et3N) to yield an additional quantity (39.4 mg, 57%) of the brominated species (84% total); *H NMR (200 MHz, CDCI3): δ 9.6 [vds, IH, NH], 6.39 [s, Ar-H(7)], 4.84 [q, J = 6.7 Hz, CHCH3], 3.88 [s, OMe], 3.85 [s, OMe], 3.73 [ddq, J = 11.6, 4.5, and 6.2 Hz, CH2CHCH3], 3.19 [dd, J = 17.7 and 4.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 2.92 [dd, J = 17.7 and 11.6 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 1.81 [d, J = 6.2 Hz, CH2CHCH3], and 1.70 [d, J = 6.7 Hz, CHCH3]; LRMS (El): m z 298 (MM, <1), 286 (97), 284 (100), 269, 256, 226, 204, 190, 176, 162, 147, 131 , 103, 91, 77, 51, and 42 (all <5).
Example 5. Preparation of N-benzyl-(lR, 3R)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline (104)
Into a stirred solution of (\R, 3/?)- l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8- dimethoxy-l,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline (1 14 mg, 0.5 mmol) and benzyl chloride
:SKET BLE2
(137 mg, 1.1 mmol) in methyl ethyl ketone was added K2CO3 (320 mg, 2.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 24 h, after which time it was cooled down and poured into H2O. E_2θ was added and the organic layer was washed with H2O, brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by MPLC (hexanes EtOAc Et3N; 9: 1 :0.3) to yield N- benzyl-( 1 R, 3R)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydro-6,8-dimethoxy- 1 ,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline (148 mg, 93 %) as a colorless oil; *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.40-7.20 [m, benzyl ArH], 6.28 [d, J = 2.0 Hz, ArH(7)], 6.23 [d, J = 2.0 Hz, ArH(5)], 3.66 [q, J = 6.5 Hz, ArCHCH3], 3.82 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 3.78 [s, O(6)CH3], 3.70 [s, O(8)CH3], 3.50 [ddq, J = 10.5, 5.0 and 6.5 Hz,
CHaHbCHCH3], 3.29 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaH_ϊ>Ph], 2.63 [dd, J = 17.0 and 10.5 Hz, CHaHbCH], 2.58 [dd, J = 17.0 and 5.0 Hz, CHaHjjCH], 1.30 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.25 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)]; 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCI3): δ 158.5, 158.4, 141.7, 136.8, 128.4 [2C], 128.1 [3C], 126.4, 104.1, 96.4, 55.2, 55.1, 51.4, 49.8, 45.8, 32.6, 20.0, and 19.5; LRMS (El): m/z 296 (M+-CH3, 100), and 91 (44); IR (neat NaCl plates): 2965, 1605, and 1148 cm"1; Anal, calcd for C20H25 O2: C, 77.14; H, 8.09. Found: C, 77.30; H, 8.06.
Example 6. Preparation of N-benzyl-(lR, 3_r?)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 6,8-dihydroxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline hydrobromide salt (105)
Into a 15 mL culture tube was placed N-benzyl-(lR, 3R)- 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline (62 mg, 0.2 mmol) dissolved in acetic acid (1 mL). To this solution were added sodium iodide (120 mg, 0.8 mmol) and concentrated aqueous hydrobromic acid (49%, 2 mL). The mixture was heated at 100 °C for 3 hours and then cooled to 0 °C, at which time light yellow crystals precipitated out of solution. Vacuum filtration with a glass fritted Buchner funnel gave the N-benzyl-(lR, 3/?)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8-dihydroxy- 1 ,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline hydrobromide salt [105] (48 mg, 66%) as light yellow crystals.
SBKTilrø SHEET røf 28
Example 7. Preparation of N-benzyl-(lR,3R)-5-bromo-l,2,3,4- tetrahydro-6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline (106)
104 106
Into a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed N-benzyl-(lR, 3R)- l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquιnoline (288 mg, 0.9 mmol) dissolved in methylene chloride (3 mL). Bromine ( 156 mg, 1.0 mmol) in methylene chloride (1 mL ) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature and then diluted with methylene chloride (20mL) and washed with H2O (2 x 5 ml). The organic layer was dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to yield 360 mg of crude material. Separation on MPLC (hexane/ethyl acetate; 9:1, 3% Et3N) gave N-benzyl-( 1 R, 3R)-5-bromo- l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline [106] (282 mg, 78%) as light yellow oil; 1H-NMR (CDCI3, 200 MHz): 57.31 [m, 5H, Ph], 6.4 [s, Ar-H(7)], 3.97 [q, J = 6.6 Hz, CKCH3], 3.91 [s, OMe] 3.84, [d, J = 14.4 Hz, CHcHdPh], 3.76 [s, OMe], 3.52 [ddq, J = 1 1.6, 6.0, and 4.6 Hz, CH2CHCH3], 3.19 [d, J = 14.4 Hz, CHcH Ph], 2.74 [dd, J = 17.7 and 4.6 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 2.45 [dd, J = 17.7 and 11.6 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 1.35 [d, J = 6.0 Hz, CH2CHCH3], and 1.31 [d, J = 6.6 Hz, CHCH3]; 13C-NMR (CDCI3, 200 MHz): δ 157.0, 154.4, 140.9, 136.1, 128.3 [2C], 128.0 [2C], 126.3, 122.1, 104.5, 94.3, 56.3, 55.3 [2C], 51.3, 49.4, 45.7, 33.1, and 19.8; LRMS (El): m/z 374 (MM5, 70), 360, 294, 268, 226, 203, 190, 162, 145 (all <5), 91 (100), 65, and 39.
Example 8. Preparation of Iodide (107)
SUBSTITUTE SECT ME 26
A solution of N-benzyl-(lR, 3R)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8- dimethoxy-l,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline (198 mg, 0.61 mmol) in 5 mL of EtOH was added slowly to a stirred mixture of iodine (333 mg, 1.3 mmol) and silver sulfate (468 mg, 1.5 mmol) in lOmL of EtOH. After being stirred at room temperature overnight, the yellow solid was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in 40 mL of CH2CI2. The solution was washed with saturated NaHCO3, H2O, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc; 9: 1) to yield iodide 107 (200 mg, 75 %) as a white solid; *H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.35-7.20 [m, 5H, Ph], 6.36 [s, ArH(7)], 3.90 [q, J = 6.5 Hz, ArCHCH3], 3.89 [s, O(6)CH3], 3.81 [d, J = 14.5 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 3.75 [s, O(8)CH3], 3.49 [ddq, J = 11.5, 4.5 and 6.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 3.16 [d, J = 14.5 Hz, NCHaHfcPh], 2.63 [dd, J = 17.5 and 4.5 Hz, CH^CH], 2.39 [dd, J = 17.5 and 11.5 Hz, CHatfeCH], 1.33 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.29 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)]; 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCI3): δ 158.5, 156.8, 141.1, 139.1, 128.4 [2C], 128.1 [3C], 126.4, 123.2, 94.0, 56.6, 55.3, 51.7, 49.6, 46.6, 38.7, 19.9, and 19.8; IR (neat NaCl plates): 2966, 1586, 1453, 1326, 1207, and 1072 cm-1.
Example 9. Preparation of 2,4-Dibromo-l-methoxymethoxybenzene
(9)
Into a 500-mL round bottom flask equipped with a soxlet and a condensor were placed 2,4-dibromophenol (32.0 g, 0.13 mole), dimethoxymethane (200 mL, 2.26 mole), p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (2.24 g, 12.0 mmol) and CH2CI2 (200 mL). The soxlet extractor was filled with 3 A and 4 A molecular sieves. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 24 h after which time the soxlet extractor was filled with freshly activated sieves. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for another 24 h. After this period of time, Et3N (10 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min, and
SBsπππE
concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in CH2C12 (400 mL) and the resulting solution was washed with 5 % NaOH (400 mL), H2O (400 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes EtOAc; 6:1) to yield 2,4-Dibromo-l- methoxymethoxybenzene [9] (32.9 g, 88 %) as a light yellow oil; Η NMR (CDC13, 300 MHz) δ 7.67 [s, ArH(3)], 7.33 [d, J = 8.7 Hz, ArH(5)], 7.02 [d, J = 8.7 Hz, ArH(6)], 5.21 [s, OCH2OCH3], and 3.49 [s, OCH3]; LRMS (El) m/z 298 (M+, 3), 296 (M+, 5), 294 (M+, 3), and 45 (100).
Example 10. Preparation of Naphthol (12)
To a stirred solution of isopropylcyclohexylamine (7.5 mL, 0.45 mmol) in 60 mL of THF at -78 °C under N2 was added n-BuLi (20.0 mL, 50.0 mmol, 2.5 M in hexanes). The mixture was stirred for 20 min, warmed to 0 °C, and then stirred for 1 h. The mixture was cooled to -78 °C and solution of N,N- diethyl-3,3-dimethylacrylamide (2.10 g, 13.0 mmol) in 40 mL of THF was added. This mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 1 h. The cold bath was removed and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -20 °C over a period of 10 min. A solution of 2,4-dibromo-l -methoxymethoxybenzene (9) in 30 mL of THF was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, and then quenched with saturated NH4CI. Et2O was added and the solution was washed with H2O, brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo.The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc; 9: 1 ) to yield napthol 12 (1.15 g, 29 %) as a brown oil; *H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 9.31 [s, OH], 7.54 [d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH(6)], 7.49 [s, ArH(4)], 6.82 [s, ArH(2)], 6.81 [d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH(7)], 5.46 [s, OCH2OCH3], 3.55 [s, OCH3], and 2.47 [s, ArCH3(3)]; 13C NMR (CDCI3, 75 MHz): δ 154.3, 153.5, 139.5, 134.5, 129.6, 118.2, 115.5, 1 14.5, 113.6, 107.3, 95.9, 56.9, and 22.0; LRMS (El): m/z 298 (M+,13), 296 (M+, 11), 128 (5), 115 (9). and 45 (100).
JDWTTDTE SHEET ROE
Example 11. Preparation of Bromide (111)
To a stirred solution of dimethyl sulfate (2.49 g, 20.0 mmol) in 20 mL of CH2C12 was added a solution of Bu4NBr (2.19 g, 6.8 mmol) and NaOH (0.50 g, 12.0 mmol) in 15 mL of H2O and a solution of naphthol 12 (1.07 g, 3.6 mmol) in 10 mL of CH2C12. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The organic and aqueous layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 20 mL of CH2C12. The combined organic layers were washed with H2O, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by MPLC (hexanes EtOAc; 9:1) to yield 111 (0.83 g, 74 %) of as a white solid; *H NMR (CDC13, 300 MHz): δ 7.63 [s, ArH(5)], 7.62 [d, J = 8.1 Hz, ArH(3)], 6.86 [d, J = 8.1 Hz, ArH(2)], 6.75 [s, ArH(7)], 5.22 [s, OCH2OCH3], 3.94 [s, ArO(8)CH3], 3.58 [s, OOfcOCHaJ, and 2.51 [s, ArCH3(6)]; 13C NMR (CDCI3, 75 MHz): δ 156.8, 154.0, 137.8, 135.0, 130.4, 119.5, 118.1, 115.3, 112.9, 109.3, 96.8, 56.5, 56.4, and 22.2; LRMS (El): m/z 312 (M+, 18), 310 (M+ 19), 282 (15), 280 (16), 231 (2), 128 (14), and 45(100).
Example 12. Preparation of Compound (113)
In a 250 mL round bottomed flask a solution of lithiumisopropylcyclohexylamide was prepared from isopropylcyclohexylamine (6.21 g, 7.23 mL, 44 mmol) in THF (50 mL) and butyllithium (2.5 M in hexane, 17.6 mL, 44 mmol). The solution was cooled to - 78 °C under nitrogen and N,N-
s
diethyl-3,3-dimethylacrylamide [109] (3.10 g, 20 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added. After stirring for 30 min at - 78 °C, the solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 5 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to - 78 °C, and 1 ,4-dibromoanisole [112] (5.852 g, 22 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added via syringe. The solution was stirred at 0 °C for 24 h and then quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (100 mL) and diluted with ether (30 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether (3 x 40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL), dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 4.60 g of crude material. Flash chromatography of the crude material (hexane/ethyl acetate; 9: 1) yielded product 113 (1.17 g, 22%) as a light yellow oil.
Example 13. Preparation of Compound (114)
113 114
A solution of dimethyl sulfate (2.52 g, 20.0 mmol) in methylene chloride (20 mL) was prepared in a 100 mL round bottom flask. To the flask was added a solution of tetrabutyl-ammonium bromide (2.25 g, 7.0 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (400 mg, 10.0 mmol) in water (15 mL). To this mixture was added a solution of compound 113 (1.335 g, 5 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h and then diluted with methylene chloride (20 mL). The organic and aqueous layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with of methylene chloride (20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (10 mL), dried with sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate; 9: 1 ) to obtain compound 114 ( 1.32 g, 94%) as a white solid.
SβSTmJTE S
Example 14. Preparation of Compound (116)
115 116
In a 100 mL round bottom flask, 7-methyl-Juglone [115] (242.4 mg, 1.2 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (30 mL). Water (15 mL) and sodium dithionite (627 mg, 3.6 mmol) were added to this and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. When TLC analysis showed no starting material remaining, the organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to yield compound 116 (245 mg, 100%) as a white solid.
Example 15. Preparation of Compound (117)
Compound 116 (204 mg, 1.0 mmol) was placed in a 50 mL round bottom flask with methylene chloride (10 mL ) and pyridine (0.32 mL, 4.0 mmol). The mixture was cooled to - 5 °C and triflic anhydride (0.20 mL, 1.15 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h.
Methylene chloride (20 mL) was added and the mixture was washed with water, dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography (Hexanes/ethyl acetate; 12:1) yielded product 117 (182 mg,
54%) as a white solid.
Example 16. Preparation of Compound (118)
Into a 15 mL round bottom flask was placed monotriflate 117 (50 mg, 0.15 mmol) dissolved in methylene chloride (2 mL ). To this solution was added acetic anhydride (0.04 mL, 0.45 mmol) and pyridine (0.072 mL, 0.90 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 9 h. When TLC analysis showed no remaining starting material, the mixture was diluted with methylene chloride (10 mL), washed with water, dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 118 (56 mg, 100%) as a white solid.
Example 17. Preparation of Boronic Acid (13)
To a stirred solution of 111 (0.83 g, 2.7 mmol) in 30 mL of THF at -78 °C under N2 was added n-BuLi (1.3 mL, 3.2 mmol, 2.5 M in hexanes). The resulting mixture was stirred for 15 min and then cannulated into a solution of B(OMe)3 (0.65 mL, 5.7 mmol) in 30 mL of THF. The reaction mixture was stirred for another 15 min, then warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with 10 % HCI, diluted with Et2O, washed with H2O, brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated in vacuo to yield boronic acid 13 (0.74 g, 100 %) as a brown solid. This compound was used without further purification. The structure of boronic acid [13] was confirmed by derivatization to boronate ester 119; GC: t = 13.3 min; column: DB-5, 6 m x
O.l mm x O.l μm film; temp prom: 50 °C / 2 min / 20 °C min"1 / 250 °C / 10 min; LRMS (El): m/z 344 (M+, 100), 314 (46), 300 (20), 270 (17), and 45 (75).
Example 18. Preparation of Boronic Anhydride (120)
120
Into a 25 mL flame dried flask was placed bromide 111 (1.10 g, 3.54 mmol) freshly distilled THF (10 mL). Under nitrogen, the solution was cooled to - 78 °C and then n-butyllithium (2.5 M in hexane, 1.7 mL, 4.2 mmol) was added. The resulting solution was stirred for 15 minutes, after which time a precipitate appeared. Trimethyl borate (1.7 mL, 14.4 mmol) was added to the flask and a clear solution formed. The mixture was stirred at - 78 °C for 30 min and then at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL), concentrated, and diluted with of methylene chloride (20 mL). The organic and aqueous layers were separated and the aqueous layer was neutralized with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 20 mL), and the combined organics were washed with H2O (10 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration in vacuo yielded 1.0 g of crude material as a caramel colored residue. Precipitation from methylene chloride by addition of hexanes gave the anhydride 120 (548 mg, 60%) as a white solid; 1H-NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz): δ 8.72 [s, ArH(l)], 8.52 [s, J = 7.7 Hz, ArH(7)], 7.08 [d, J = 7.8 Hz, ArH(6)], 6.76 [s, ArH(3)], 5.37 [s, OCJkOCHs], 3.97 [s,ArOCH3], 3.62 [s, OCH2OCU3J, and 2.43 [s, ArCH3].
Example 19. General Procedure for the PaIladium(0)-Mediated Biaryl Coupling Reactions
To a stirred solution of aryl iodide in toluene (0.05 M) was added
2 equivalents of boronic acid (or its derivatives). Saturated NaHCO3 (1/2 volume
SWSπT TE
of toluene) was then added, followed by the addition of 20 mol % of Pd(PPh3)4. The reaction mixture was sealed under N2 in a culture tube and heated to 110 °C for 20 h. After this period of time, EtOAc and brine were added. The organic layer was extracted, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography.
A. Preparation of Compound (14)
13 8 S-14 R-14
Compound 14 was obtained from boronic acid 13 and iodide 8 in 81% yield with a 4:3 ratio of S-14 to R-14. The product was purified by MPLC (hexanes/EtOAc/Et3N; 3:1:0.1); ifi. NMR of S-14 (500 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.39- 6.90 [m, ArH(6' and 7') and benzyl ArH], 6.77 [s, ArH(l')], 6.69 [s, ArH(3')], 6.53 [s, ArH(7)], 5.31 [s, OCH2OCH3], 5.02 [s, O(6)CH2Ph], 4.87 [d, J = 12.5 Hz, O(8)CHaHbPh], 4.81 [d, J = 12.5 Hz, O(8)CHaHb.Ph], 4.12 [q, J = 6.5 Hz, PhCHCH3], 3.98 [s, O(4')CH3], 3.72 [d, J = 14.5 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 3.65 [s, OCH2OCH.3 , 3.37 [ddq, J = 11.5, 4.0, and 6.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 3.30 [d, J = 14.5 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 2.36 [s, CH3(2')], 2.22 [dd, J = 17.5 and 4.0 Hz, CHaHbCH], 2.00 [dd, J = 17.5 and 11.5 Hz. CHaHbCH], 1.41 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.01 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)]; lH NMR of R-14 (500 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.39-6.90 [m, ArH(6' and 7') and benzyl ArH], 6.86 [s, ArH(l')], 6.70 [s, ArH(3')], 6.51 [s, ArH(7)], 5.31 [s, OCH2OCH3], 5.03 [d, J = 12.0 Hz, O(6)CH HbPh], 4.97 [d, J = 12.0 Hz,
4.86 [d, J = 12.5 Hz, O(8)CHaHbPh], 4.81 [d, J = 12.5 Hz, O(8)CHaHbPh], 4.11 [q, J = 6.5 Hz, PhCHCH3], 3.98 [s, O(4')CH3], 3.77 [d, J = 14.5 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 3.65 [s, OCH2OCH3_L 3.37 [ddq, J = 14.0, 4.0, and 6.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 3.35 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 2.36 [s, CH3(2')], 2.25 [dd, J = 17.0 and 14.0 Hz, CHaHbCH], 1.92 [dd, J = 17.0 and 4.0 Hz. CH^CH], 1.39 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.05 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)]; IR (neat NaCl plates): 2967, 1584, 1052, and 733 cm"1.
B. Preparation of Compound (121)
120 107 121a 121b
Into a 15 mL culture tube were placed N-benzyl-(lR, 3R)-5-iodo- l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline [107] (66 mg, 0.15 mmol) and toluene (3 mL). To this solution was added compound 120 (58 mg, 0.23 mmol), which resulted in the formation of a slurry. A minimum amount of ethanol was added to change the slurry to a clear solution. To the resulting solution was added tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) ( 17 mg, 0.015 mmol) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (1.5 mL). The atmosphere was exchanged for N2 and me reaction mixture was heated at 110 °C for 12 hours. When TLC showed no substrate boronate left, the organic and aqueous layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 5 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate ; 9:1, 3% Et3N) to yield a mixture of compounds 121a and 121b (50 mg, 60%) as a white solid; *H NMR of 121a (500 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.39-7.21 [m, benzyl ArH], 7.17 [d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH(7')], 7.07 [d, J = 7.5 Hz, ArH(6')], 6.74 [s, ArH(l')], 6.68 [s, ArH(3')], 6.49 [s, ArH(7)], 5.31 [s, OCH2OCH3], 4.00 [q, J = 6.5 Hz, NCJICH3], 3.97 [s, O(4')CH3], 3.85 [s, O(6)CH3], 3.72 [d, J = 14.5, NCHfiHbPh], 3.65 [s, O(8)CH3], 3.64 [s, OCH2O£H3_], 3.36 [ddq, J = 11.0, 6.5 and 4.0 Hz, CHaHbCϋCH3], 3.26 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHb_Ph], 2.35 [s, CH3(2')], 2.12 [dd, J = 17.5 and 4.0 Hz, CHa.HbCH], 1.94 [dd, J = 17.5 and 11.0 Hz,
CHaHbCH], 1.38 [d, J = 7.0 Hz, CH3(1)], 1.00 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)]; *H NMR of 121b (500 MHz, CDCL3): δ 7.39-7.21 [m, benzyl ArH], 7.12 [d, J =
8.0 Hz, ArH(7')], 7.06 [d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH(6')], 6.79 [s, ArH(l')], 6.69 [s, ArH(3')], 6.48 [s, ArH(7)], 5.30 [s, OCH2OCH3], 4.01 [q, J = 6.5 Hz, N£HCH3], 3.97[s, O(4')CH3], 3.84 [s, O(6)CH3], 3.76 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 3.65 [s, O(8)CH3], 3.62 [s, OCH2OCU2], 3.36 [ddq, J = 12.0, 6.5 and 4.5 Hz, CHaHb£HCH3], 3.31 [d, J = 14.5 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 2.35 [s,
SWST
CH3(2')], 2.17 [dd, J = 18.0 and 12.0 Hz, CHaH CH], 1.82 [dd, J = 17.5 and 4.5 Hz, CHaCHbCH], 1.38 [d, J = 7.0 Hz, CH3O)], 1.03 [d J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)].
Example 20. General Procedure for the Hydrolysis Reactions
To a stirred solution of methoxy methyl -protected starting material in a mixed solvent (MeOH/CH Cl2-10: l, 0.01 M) was added 10 N HCI (1/20 volume of solvent). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After this period of time the solvent was evaporated. EtOAc and saturated NaHCO3 were added. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography .
A. Preparation of Compound (15)
Compound 15 was obtained from compound 14 in 71 % yield.
The product was purified by MPLC (hexanes/EtOAc Et3N; 3: 1:0.1); lH NMR of S-15 (500 MHz, CDCI3): δ 9.40 [s, OH], 7.39-6.95 [m, ArH(7') and benzyl ArH], 6.91 [d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH(6')], 6.76 [s, ArH( l')], 6.62 [s, ArH(3')], 6.52 [s, ArH(7)], 5.01 [s, O(6)CH2Ph], 4.88 [d, J = 13.0 Hz, O(8)CHaHbPh], 4.82 [d, J = 13.0 Hz, O(8)CHaHbPh], 4.08 [q, PhCHCH3, hidden by O(4')CH3], 4.08 [s, O(4')CH3], 3.72 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 3.37 [ddq, J = 1 1.5, 4.0, and 6.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 3.29 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 2.36 [s, CH3(2')], 2.21 [dd, J = 17.5 and 4.0 Hz, CHaHbCH], 1.90 [dd, J = 17.5 and 11.5 Hz, CHaHbCH], 1.40 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.01 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)]; !H NMR of R-15 (500 MHz, CDCI3): 6 9.42 [s, OH], 7.39-6.95 [m, ArH(7*) and benzyl ArH], 6.90 [d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH(6')], 6.85 [s, ArH(l')], 6.63 [s, ArH(3')], 6.50 [s, ArH(7)], 5.03 [d, J = 1 1.5 Hz, O(6)CHaHbPh], 4.97
SSSSfMTE SHEET (RMi 26)
[d, J = 11.5 Hz, O(6)CHaHb_Ph], 4.87 [d, J = 13.0 Hz, O(8)CH .HbPh], 4.82 [d, J = 13.0 Hz, O(8)CHaHb_Ph], 4.08 [q, PhCHCH3, hidden by O(4')CH3], 4.08 [s, O(4')CH3], 3.77 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHbPh], 3.37 [ddq, J = 11.5, 4.0, and 6.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 3.34 [d, J = 14.0 Hz, NCHaHfcPh], 2.36 [s, CH3(2')], 2.24 [dd, J = 17.5 and 11.5 Hz, CH HbCH], 1.90 [dd, J = 17.5 and 4.0 Hz, CHaHb.CH], 1.38 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.05 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)].
B. Preparation of Compound (122)
121a 121b 122a 122b
In a 10 mL round bottom flask, a mixture of substrates 121a and 121b (11 mg, 0.02 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (3 mL). To the solution was added 10% aqueous HCI (2 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 mL ), washed with sodium bicarbonate, water, and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration in vacuo yielded a mixture of compounds 122a and 122b (10 mg, 100%) as a white solid.
Example 21. General Procedure for the Per-debenzylation
Reactions
To a solution of benzyl-protected monomer in a mixed solvent
(MeOH/CH2Cl2-2:l, 0.01 M) was added 10 % Pd C (20 mol %). The atmosphere was exchanged for N2, then H , and then a H2 balloon was attached.
The reaction mixture was stirred until TLC analysis indicated no starting material and possible intermediate left. The catalyst was removed by passing through a bed of Celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield deprotected monomer.
The mixture of atropisomers was able to be separated by HPLC using an amino- bonded column.
A. Preparation of Korupensamine A & "C"
Compound 4 and 4* were obtained from compounds 15 in 75 % yield. The atropisomers Korupensamine A [4] and "Korupensamine C" [4'] were separated by HPLC using an amino-bonded column (CHCl3/MeOH/(NH4)2CO3; 95:5:0.1); *H NMR of 4 (HOAc Salt) (500 MHz, CD3OD, referenced to CHD2OD @ 3.30 ppm): δ 7.09 [d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH(7')], 6.80 [d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH(6')], 6.78 [s, AτH(3')], 6.69 [s, Ar(l')], 6.44 [s, ArH(7)], 4.75 [q, J = 7.0 Hz, ArCHCH3], 4.08 [s, O(4')CH3], 3.65 [ddq, J = 12.0, 5.0 and 6.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 2.62 [dd, J = 18.0 and 5.0 Hz, CHaHbCH], 2.30 [s, CH3(2')], 2.05 [dd, J = 18.0 and 12.0 Hz, CHaHbCH], 1.64 [d, J = 7.0 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.19 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)]; *H NMR of 4' (HOAc Salt) (500 MHz, CD3OD, referenced to CHD2OD @ 3.30 ppm): δ 7.02 [d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH(7')], 6.80 [d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH(6')L 6.80 [s, ArH(l' or 3')], 6.78 [s, Ar(3" or 1')], 6.44 [s, ArH(7)], 4.74 [q, J = 7.0 Hz, ArCHCH3], 4.08 [s, O(4')CH3], 3.62 [ddq, J = 12.0, 5.0 and 6.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 2.38 [dd, J = 18.0 and 12.0 Hz, CHaHbCH], 2.33 [s, CH3(2")], 2.23 [dd, J = 18.0 and 5.0 Hz, CH^CH], 1.67 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.23 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)].
Example 22. General Procedure for the Silver Oxide Promoted Oxidative Coupling and Simultaneous Reductive Bleaching/Per- debenzylation Reactions
To a stirred solution of benzyl-protected monomer in CH2C12 (0.01 M) was added 5 equivalent of Ag2O. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature in the dark for 40 h. The solid was removed by passing through the Celite bed. MeOH (volume equal to that of CH2C12) was added to the filtrate, followed by the addition of 10 % Pd/C (20 mol %). The atmosphere was exchanged for N2, then H ι and then a H balloon was attached. The reaction mixture was stirred until TLC analysis indicated no starting material and possible intermediate left. The catalyst was removed by passing through a bed of Celite.
The filtrate was concentrated to yield deprotected dimer. The crude product was further purified by HPLC with amino-bonded column.
A. Preparation of Michellamines A, B, and C
LAg jO r 2. H2, Pd/C " 3. HPLC
Michellamines A-C [1-3] were obtained from compound 15 in 90 % yield. They were separated by HPLC using an amino-bonded column (CHCl3/MeOH/(NH4)2CO3; 93:7:0.1); *H NMR of Michellamine A (1, HOAc Salt) (500 MHz, CD3OD, referenced to CHD2OD @ 3.30 ppm): δ 7.30 [s, ArH(7')], 6.85 [s, ArH(3')], 6.74 [s, ArH(l')], 6.44 [s, ArH(7)], 4.77 [q, J = 7.0 Hz, ArCHCH3], 4.10 [s, O(4')CH3], 3.70 [ddq, J = 12.0, 4.5 and 6.5 Hz, CHaHbCHCH3], 2.82 [dd, J = 18.0 and 4.5 Hz, CHaHbCH], 2.34 [s, CH3(2')], 2.15 [dd, J = 18.0 and 12.0 Hz, CHaHhCH], 1.65 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.24 [d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3(3)]; *H NMR of Michellamine B (2, HOAc Salt) (500 MHz, CD3OD, referenced to CHD2OD @ 3.30 ppm): δ 7.32/7.27 [s, ArH(7')],
6.86/6.74 [s, ArH(3')], 6.85/6.83 [s, ArH(l')], 6.45 [s, ArH(7)], 4.76/4.73 [q, J = 7.0/7.0 Hz, ArCHCH3], 4.10/4.09 [s, O(4')CH3], 3.73-3.62 [m, CHaHbCHCH3], 2.79 [dd, J = 17.5 and 5.0 Hz, CHaHbCH], 2.53 [dd, J = 18.0
and 1 1.5 Hz, CHaHfcCH], 2.36/2.33 [s, CH3(2')], 2.34-2.29 [dd, CHaHbCH, hidden by CH3(2')], 2.12 [dd, J = 18.0 and 11.5 Hz, CHaHbCH], 1.69/1.64 [d, J = 6.5/7.0 Hz, CH3(1)], and 1.26/1.22 [d, J = 6.0/6.5 Hz, CH3(3)].
B. Preparation of Compounds (123a), (123b), and (123c)
LAg- 2. NaBH4
In a 10 mL round bottom flask, substrates 122a and 122b (5 mg, 0.01 mmol) were dissolved in methylene chloride (3 mL). To the solution was added silver (I) oxide (7 mg, 0.03 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. When TLC analysis showed no starting materials were left, the mixture was filtered through a bed of Celite bed. Concentration of the filtrate gave a blue solid (5 mg, 100%) which was dissolved in a mixed solvent of methylene chloride (2 mL) and methanol (2 mL). To the mixture was added a solution of NaBH4 in methanol (2 mL). The mixture was concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (10 mL), washed with water, and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration in vacuo yielded a mixture of compounds 123a, 123b, and 123c (5 mg, 100%) as a white solid.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the above described embodiments of the invention without departing from the essential nature thereof. The invention is intended to encompass all such modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A compound of the formula (I):
wherein X is Br, Cl or I, Y is H, (C,-C4)alkyl, benzyl, or CHO, each of R1 and R2 is H or CH3, R3 is H or (C2-C5)acyl and R4 is a protecting group selected from the group consisting of (C,-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-C5)acyl and an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R4 is an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group.
3. The compound of claim 2 wherein the acid labile protecting group is (C,-C4)alkoxy(C,-C4)alkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or (R8)3Si, wherein each
R8 is (C,-C4)alkyl.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are CH3.
5. The compound of claim 4 wherein C, and C3 have the R configuration.
6. The compound of claim 4 wherein X=I.
7. A compound of the formula (I):
2
wherein X is Br, Cl or I, Y is H, (CrC4)alkyl, benzyl, or CHO, each of R1 and R2 is H or CH3, R3 is a protecting group selected from the group consisting of (C,-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-C5)acyl and an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group; and R4 is H or (C2-C5)acyl.
8. The compound of claim 7 wherein R3 is an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group.
9. The compound of claim 8 wherein the acid labile protecting group is (C|-C4)alkoxy(CrC4)alkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or (R8)3Si, wherein each
R8 is (C,-C4)alkyl.
10. The compound of claim 7 wherein R1 and R2 are CH3.
11. The compound of claim 10 wherein C, and C3 have the R configuration.
12. The compound of claim 10 wherein X=I.
wherein R6 is Cl, Br, I, B(OH)2, an anhydride or ester of B(OH)2, or OSO2R9, wherein R9 is (C,-C4)perfluoroalkyl. and each of R5 and R7 is H, (C,-C4)alkyl, benzyl, (C2-C5)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group.
14. The compound of claim 13 wherein R6 is Br or B(OH)2, R5 is an acid-labile protecting group, and R7 is H or CH3.
15. A method of preparing a korupensamine or an analog thereof comprising: (a) reacting a compound of the formula (III):
wherein each of R1 and R2 is CH3 or H, X is I, Y is (C,-C4)alkyl, benzyl or CHO, and each of R3 and R4 is (C,-C4)alkyl. benzyl, (C2-C5)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group: with a compound of the formula (IV):
wherein Rs is benzyl, (C2-C5)acyl or an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group, R6 is B(OH)2, and R7 is (C,-C4)alkyl; in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst and an inorganic base in an organic solvent, to yield a compound of the formula (V):
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising (b) removing protecting groups R3, R4, R5 and Y to yield a compound of formula V wherein each of R1 and R2 is H or CH3, R7 is (C,-C4)alkyl, and Y, R2, R\ R4, and R5 are H.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein C, and C3 have the R configuration.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the korupensamine prepared is korupensamine A or korupensamine B.
19. The method of claim 15 wherein R1, R2 and R7 are CH3, R5 is an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group that is subsequently removed by exposing V to dilute aqueous acid, and Y, R3 and R4 are benzyl that are subsequently removed by hydrogenolysis.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein R5 is methoxymethyl.
21. The method of claim 15 wherein C, and C3 have the R configuration, R\ R2 and R7 are CH3, Y,R3 and R4 are benzyl, and R5 is an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group, further comprising (b) removing the acid-labile hydroxy protecting group by exposing V to dilute acid and (c) oxidatively coupling two molecules of V to yield 5,5-16, R,5-16 and R R-16 as shown in Fig. 1.
22. The method of claim 21 further comprising (d) reducing the compounds of formula 16 and removing the benzyl groups to yield at least one michellamine.
S»STtT TE9fEET WlE2β
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