WO1996010207A1 - Telescope - Google Patents
Telescope Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996010207A1 WO1996010207A1 PCT/FR1995/001233 FR9501233W WO9610207A1 WO 1996010207 A1 WO1996010207 A1 WO 1996010207A1 FR 9501233 W FR9501233 W FR 9501233W WO 9610207 A1 WO9610207 A1 WO 9610207A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mirror
- telescope according
- telescope
- membrane
- optical axis
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
- G02B23/06—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors having a focussing action, e.g. parabolic mirror
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
- H01Q15/161—Collapsible reflectors
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of satellite telescopes, and large membrane mirrors. PRIOR STATE OF THE ART.
- HJ Robertson Perking-Elmer Corporation (A symposium on support testing of large astronomical mirrors, Arlington, Arizona, 12/1566) describes a multiple mirror telescope consisting of a first stage containing the mirror, a second stage containing the hearth, and a third stage for detecting the shape of the mirror.
- Perkins and Rohringer (US 4,093,351) describe membranous mirrors linked to an electrically charged rigid concave surface.
- Silverberg (Wo 94/10721, priority US 10/28/92) describes a membranous mirror, stiffened by surface charges, and shaped by external fields produced by a rigid support.
- the Grill (Fr 2662512, priority 05/28/90) describes a deformable membrane system linked for its deformation to a non-deformable support.
- Bui-Hai and Nhu propose a mirror obtained by polymerization of a rotating resin, usable in very short waves.
- Satellite telescope 1, three stages 4, 5 and 6, foldable for its orbiting comprising a membranous mirror 45, a membrane 46 for controlling the mirror 45, a blind cylindrical envelope, or an open tubular textile frame and membranes protection 67, and a light source 102.
- FIG 1 Foldable blind cylinders.
- the telescope envelope and its protective sheath are blind cylinders 2 and 3 made of a composite textile material, polymerizable under the effect of ultraviolet radiation or any other known effect of prior art.
- Tubular frame In another embodiment (FIG 21), a tubular frame is constituted by textile tubes 41, 42, 43, flexible, crushable, foldable, of complex annular structure.
- the membranous mirror 45, the control membrane 46, and the protective membranes 67 are membranes produced by depositing a thin liquid film 64 solidifiable on the surface of a liquid 61 contained in a circular container 62 rotating around a vertical axis.
- the mirror 45 and the control membrane 46 are joined by their central flanges 46.4 or 46.9, either directly or via a cylinder 96 linked to the enclosure 18.
- a magnetic dipole 141 parallel to the optical axis is rigidly linked to one of the speakers of the telescope, or to its envelope.
- a surface pattern in the form of a turn constitutes an electrode with an electrostatic effect if there is no current flowing therein, or with an electromagnetic effect if there is a current flowing therein.
- Parabolic shape control The shape of the mirror membrane 45 is checked by a sagittal analysis method derived from the Faucault method.
- Self-pointing telescope-projector To obtain a pointing of the telescope used as a projector, the illuminating beam 103 has a point accessory image merged with the image of the object observed, by using in a Cassegrain type assembly a semi-transparent parabolic mirror 101 allowing the light beam 51.2 to continue its way towards control devices.
- the invention allows the exploration, by the optical axis 76 of the mirror 45 of a solid angle 77 having for axis the main optical axis 39 of the telescope (FIG. 13), without overall movement of the telescope 1.
- FIG 1- Sectional view of the telescope with casing 2 and sheath 3.
- FIG 2- Plan view of the telescope with casing 2 and sheath 3.
- FIG 3- Exterior view of the sheath with stiffness tubes.
- FIG 4- Sectional view of folding by telescopic invagination.
- FIG 5- Plan view of folding by telescopic invagination.
- FIG 6- Schematic view of the radiating folding.
- FIG 7- Plan view of the radiating fold.
- FIG 8- Plan view of the winding of the spokes.
- FIG 10- Sectional view of the folded telescope.
- FIG 22- View in a plane of two consecutive tubes 7.
- FIG 23- View in section of optical axis of tube 7.
- FIG 24- Plan view of a quadratic frame.
- FIG 25- View of an enclosure and its connection to the chassis.
- FIG 26- View of control electrode.
- FIG 27 Tripod frame in a plane optical axis of tube 7.
- FIG 28 Section of a textile tube.
- FIG 29 Bending of a tube.
- FIG 36 37- Ring and handle for gripping a membrane.
- FIG 38 Membrane with flanges down.
- FIG 39 Membrane with collar upwards.
- FIG 40 41- Details of a central flange.
- FIG 42 Positioning of the central flange.
- FIG 43 Mirror and control and protection membranes.
- FIG 44 Rotating container and shape control electrodes.
- FIG 45 Laser beam and Cassegrain mirror.
- FIG 46 fireplace, Cassegrain mirror and tertiary mirror.
- FIG 47 Centering mirror for two speakers.
- FIG 51- Superimposed polarizing screens.
- FIG 55 56- Earth telescope mirror.
- the three stages 4, 5 and 6 of the telescope 1 are joined by a blind cylindrical envelope 2, to which is associated a protective sheath 3.
- the casing 2 and the sheath 3 comprise tubes (FIG 31), longitudinal 7, circular axial 8, or helical 9, which can be stiffened by injection of gas according to the prior art; after the introduction of this gas, they restore their primitive forms to the casing of the telescope and to its protective sheath.
- the space between the sheath and the telescope is closed by a ring 10.
- Tubes 11 stiffen the openings which are held approximately elliptical by centering links 12 and 13.
- Blind cylinders tapered or bitronconic.
- the blind cylinders are very slightly frustoconical or bitronconic.
- Telescopic vertical folding In a particular embodiment of the invention, the twin-conical cylinder, with a large central diameter 14, is manufactured before folding, either entirely or only over a length sufficient to perform each elementary folding.
- the bottom 15 is added after the first phase of this folding.
- the three stages 4, 5 and 6 of this telescope are joined to the sheath by their arms before folding, or else during folding (FIG 4 and 5). Folding by telescopic invagination.
- a cylindrical element 16 of the vertically arranged cylinder is taken as a starting element.
- This cylindrical element is held by an external means, and the part of the cylinder above this element is introduced into the interior of said element by folding along a circumference and turning downwards up to a determined height of said cylindrical element.
- the first vertical fold thus obtained is immobilized, and, at the upper level of the starting cylindrical element, or slightly above, the folding operation is repeated.
- the whole of the cylinder initially located above the starting cylindrical element is folded in the height of this starting cylindrical element, or in a slightly higher height, and forms with this starting cylindrical element a torus cylindrical, the thickness of which is close to the sum of the thicknesses of the various folds.
- the enclosure 18 of the mirror stage is extended downwards by a centered mast 21 allowing the communication of the telescope to the outside, through the bottom 22 of the sheath 3, and which supports the solar panels, the means of displacement reagent and telecommunication means, not shown. Radiant folding of the telescope. (FIG 6, 7 and 8)
- Each stage of the telescope consists, according to the prior art, of a central enclosure linked, by three or four arms 23 (FIG 2 and 4), to the blind cylindrical envelope 2.
- the radiating folding is then done with a number of spokes multiple of 3 or 4.
- the folding device consists of linear vertical means 24 internal to the cylindrical folding, some in contact with the ends of the arms, and retaining the cylindrical folding, and of linear vertical means 25 external to the cylindrical folding, going in pairs, and taking between the two elements 25a and 25b of the pair the radiating fold retained by the interior means 24 (FIG 7).
- the arms of the enclosures being longer than the radii of the radiating folding, these arms are zigzagged during the movements of the exterior and interior folding means. Winding of the spokes. (FIG 8, 9 and 10). To wind, according to the invention, the spokes 290 around the enclosures, the internal means 24 relative to the external means 25 which remain stationary and press the vertical folding against the speakers. In this way, the radiating folds wrap around the speakers.
- the vertical folding means are then removed. Folding of the sheath.
- the folding of a sheath 3 is simplified because it is empty.
- the roller constituted by the telescope is placed in the center of the folding device and the radiating folding of the sheath and its winding is made in contact and around the roller of the telescope.
- the bottom of the sheath is pierced with a hole allowing the passage of the external mast 21. "Crumpled" folding of the bottoms. (FIG 10). During radiant folding, the bottom of the blind cylinder always remains within the perimeter determined by the radiating folds.
- the vertical unfolding tubes 32 and 33 are closed tubes arranged symmetrically around the blind cylinders 2 and 3, along a generatrix.
- the internal 24 and external 25 folding means consist of mobile carriages 26 and 27 guided radially by guide elements 38 in a horizontal plane, and provided with linear elements 24 and 25 perpendicular to this plane, and may occupy a lower position or a higher position.
- the vertical elements consist of two or a multiplicity of vertical sub-elements capable of relative movements of approximation retaining their parallelism.
- the telescope 1, (FIG 21), of optical axis 39, has three stages 4, 5, and 6, and is made up of a frame 40 made up of a plurality of main tubes 41, parallel and of the same length, and each divided into two segments connected to each stage 4, 5 and 6 of the telescope by parallel spacer tubes 42.
- the stage 5 is at substantially equal distances from the stages 4 and 6.
- reinforcement tubes 43 connecting the flexible junction elements 44 of the preceding tubes in the planes defined by the main tubes 41 taken two by two.
- the junction elements 44 allow the continuity of the interior space of the tubes.
- the mirror 45 and the control membrane 46.1 are shown in a section passing through the optical axis and a tube 41, and limited to the optical axis. (FIG 24)
- the active elements of the telescope are brought together in enclosures 18, 19 and 20 located at the centers of the three stages 4, 5 and 6, and held in these centers by tubular star arms 23, linked to the tubes 41.
- These arms 23, consist of at least two tubes 23.1 and 23.2 situated in planes passing through the optical axis and containing a tube 41, the tube 23.1 being above the tube 23.2.
- These tubes 23.1 and 23.2 meet at one of their ends at the seals 44 situated at the ends of the tubes 41, and by their other ends with devices 23.3 of the prior art, of variable length, situated on or in the enclosures 18, 19 and 20, and making it possible to adjust, if necessary, the speakers 18, 19, and 20 on the optical axis 39 of the telescope.
- Electrodes or solenoids 23.4 are drawn on the three tubes 23.1 or 23.2, (FIG 26) so as to control the perpendicularity to the optical axis of the control membrane, and therefore of the mirror.
- the mirrors and its control and protection membranes are inside the chassis.
- the tubes 41 of the chassis are no longer parallel, but form a mast 47 pyramidal tripod.
- the triangular base of the tripod mast is contained in a circle with a diameter much smaller than that of the mirror 45 and its control and protection membranes which are outside this tripod mast.
- the frame tubes consist of identical flexible textile tubes with a complex annular structure (FIG 30).
- the textile outer envelope 48 of the tube is covered with a matt black film 49 chosen for its absorption properties of the visible solar spectrum, and preferably conductive.
- the annular zone 50 interior to the previous one, and thermally insulating, consists of multiple and alternating layers of elastic foam with open porosity and reflective films.
- a waterproof textile tube 51 separates the insulating zone 50 from the next active zone 52 made up of textile fibers 53 embedded in a liquid resin 54 which polymerizes hot.
- Some of these fibers 53 are regularly distributed in sheets parallel to the axis of the tube so as to precisely define the length of an element of the tube.
- a flexible and waterproof textile tube 55 isolates the active area 52 from the free interior 5 of the tube.
- a film 59 porous for the chosen gas, prohibits the sticking of the coating on itself during folding.
- a pressurized gas 58 is introduced into the folded and flattened tube, which may be the gas reacting with the coating.
- the exothermic reaction for example a slow oxidation in the presence of oxygen, raises the temperature, and this rise in temperature results in the polymerization of the resin 54 which impregnates the fibers 53, thus ensuring the rigidity of the deployed tube.
- the folding is carried out in accordion by regularly folding the flattened tube on itself in equal elements (FIG 29a and 29b).
- the different tubes are then arranged folded (FIG 30) and their ends presented and connected to the elements 44 for intertubes junction and to the elements 23.3 for joining the tubes and the enclosures.
- Control and protection mirror and membranes First favorite achievement. (FIG 31). On the surface of a main liquid 61 contained in a horizontal circular container 62 rotating regularly around its vertical axis, is superimposed, up to the edge 63 of the container 62, a small thickness of another liquid 64, provided by means of the prior art, wetting the edge of the container, which will solidify by forming a membrane 46, spontaneously by polymerization, or under an external effect known from the prior art.
- the superimposed liquid 64 contains a dissolved substance which, after evaporation of this liquid 64, will form a solid film on the main liquid.
- the liquid 64 also contains fibers in suspension.
- the liquid 64 contains only fibers in suspension which, after evaporation, will give a fibrous layer capable of being impregnated with a polymerizable resin.
- An equalization layer is superimposed on the composite layer thus formed so that the inequalities of this composite layer do not appear on the surface of this equalization layer, or are less than a given value.
- Fourth preferred embodiment It differs from the first embodiment in that the liquid 64 has been obtained by simultaneous or consecutive supply of two different liquids. Fifth favorite achievement. (FIG 34). The liquid phase 64 is eliminated, and the membrane 46 is directly formed by the addition of bodies in the liquid phase or in the gas phase solidifying directly on the surface of the main liquid 61.
- FIG 33 The surface of the main liquid 61 was first covered with a film 66 becoming an intermediate membrane 66 on which the liquid 64 is brought, or on which are brought one or more bodies which solidify immediately to give the membrane 46.
- Reading ref layer A reflective body is brought to the membrane when it is still on the rotating liquid 61, in particular by the superposition of dielectric layers of suitable indices and thicknesses.
- the membrane 46 when it is still on the main liquid 61 is covered locally, by means of the prior art, with a conductive deposit forming patterns surface 46.1, consisting of a plurality of annular electrodes centered on the optical axis, acting on the radius of curvature, and a plurality of local electrodes 46.2 acting on the local defects.
- a conductive deposit forming patterns surface 46.1 consisting of a plurality of annular electrodes centered on the optical axis, acting on the radius of curvature, and a plurality of local electrodes 46.2 acting on the local defects.
- the membrane 46 when it is still on the main liquid 61 is covered locally, by means of the prior art, with a thin structure identical to that of a multilayer integrated circuit comprising conductive, insulating or semi-conductive elements. conductors, separate, contiguous or superimposed.
- These surface devices are electrically supplied by surface conductors 46.2 connected to an electrical supply via the center of the membrane.
- These surface semiconductor devices integrated into the mirror control membrane, allow, according to the invention, by using a local capacitive effect between it and the mirror, self-control of the mirror membrane distance, and therefore the stabilization of the shape of this membrane, without the intervention of a central system.
- Membranes 68 and 69 located at the focal point and at the sagittal analyzer, protect these points from direct sunlight.
- a very narrow bandpass filter 70 also protects the monochromatic sagittal analyzer from stray light.
- the control solenoid The envelope 2 of the telescope 1 is provided at its base, at the level of the mirror stage, with a solenoid 71 consisting of conductive elements 72 surrounding said envelope 2 (FIG 1).
- the solenoid thus formed generates, when it is traversed by an electric current, a magnetic field parallel to the axis of the telescope.
- the discrete solenoids 73 of the control membrane will interact with this magnetic field so as to maintain the desired shape of said membrane, and its centering on the optical axis of the telescope.
- the membrane provided with the discrete solenoids is metallized and constitutes the mirror of the telescope.
- the membrane 65 provided with the solenoids 73 has only approximately the desired shape, and the final shape is given to the simple mirror membrane 45 whose shape is determined by the electrostatic forces existing between the conductive surface 74 of this mirror membrane 45 and electrodes 75 existing on the membrane 65 of approximate shape serving as a control membrane.
- Mirror control Surface electronic circuits integrated into the membrane during its manufacture control the potentials of the action electrodes on the mirror, and the fields magnetic solenoids of magnetic membrane-dipole interaction.
- the metallized surface 74 of the mirror 45, or a conductive surface, in the case where the reflecting surface is dielectric, is initially at potential 0.
- the electrodes 75 of the control membrane 46 are brought to positive or negative potentials inducing the distance or the relative local approximation of the mirror and the control membrane.
- control membrane 4 In this way, significant local deformations of the control membrane 4 will not interfere with obtaining the perfect shape of the mirror.
- Surface integrated circuits receive their instructions from control electronics receiving information from the sagittal segment analysis system.
- the claimed system dissociates a long-range action acting on the control membrane by magnetic fields reacting with the field of the solenoid, and a short-distance action of the inter-membrane electric fields.
- FIG 13 Field exploration. This dual system allows significant movement of the mirror 45 such that the optical axis 76 of the said mirror can explore an area included in a certain solid angle 77, while retaining the quality of the image at the fixed focus 78 of the telescope.
- This solid angle 77 is determined by the limits of the possible magnetic and electrostatic actions, taking into account the mechanical characteristics of the membranes, the energy and the voltages available.
- the sagittal analyzer or any other device for controlling the mirror 45, situated at the level of the sagittal segment, moves, according to the invention, inside a circle centered on the optical axis 39 of the telescope, while remaining directed towards the point of intersection of the extended ideal surface of the mirror 45 and of said initial optical axis 39
- the sagittal analyzer 79 gives the electronic mirror control device the information necessary to give the mirror membrane 45 a parabolic shape, or any other form of least aberration having its sagittal segment determined by the position of said sagittal analyzer.
- This mirror 45 will give on the photoelectric reception matrix 80 the image 81 of objects located in a direction deviating from the old optical axis 39 by twice the angle including the optical axis of the mirror 45, materialized by the sagittal ananlyseur 79, deviates from it.
- the shape of the mirror 45 is optimized by the sagittal analyzer 79 itself, associated or not with a focus control system 79, 78.
- this cylinder 82 is mounted “at Cardan ", along two diameters 84 and 85 and actuators 86 direct the axis of this cylinder towards the sagittal analyzer.
- the centering cylinder 49 of the mirror and of the membrane is centered on a ball 87.
- Annular exploration. FIG 16).
- the sagittal analyzer remains centered on the main optical axis 39 of the telescope.
- the generator of the mirror is gradually modified while keeping the mirror its shape of revolution.
- This deformation is such that the image 81 has a centered minimum aberration ring 88 which is enlarged radially on the photoelectric receiving matrix 80, like a circular wave, according to the modifications of the mirror.
- This reception matrix 80 is explored in synchronism with its scanning by the image ring 88 of least aberration.
- one or more photoelectric receiving matrices 89 are driven in a circular or helical movement and explore the ring 88 of least aberration, which allows the exploration of a large surface with photoelectric matrices of small surface .
- Folding of the mirror and the membrane. (FIG 18 and 19).
- the mirror 45 and the control membrane 46 are made wholly or partly by a shape memory material.
- the mirror 45 and the membrane 46 are deformed under conditions such that this deformation is preserved until the appearance of new conditions bringing back the initial shape.
- the membranes are concave; if one pushes back (Fig 18) the bottom of the concavity, in its center, and perpendicular to its tangent plane, one obtains a deformation of circular symmetry which goes up in the concavity.
- the thickness of this fold can be as small as desired by increasing the number of corrugations.
- the quasi-plane object thus obtained can be folded, first wound in length, and the strip thus obtained, then wound in a circle.
- Windings for rotating field To allow, in association with the motor ring 83 the rotation of the mirror, several windings are located on the blind cylinder 2, at the mirror stage.
- Rotating container First preferred embodiment. (FIG 16 and 17). Edge 63 of circular rotating container 62 is surmounted by a ring 03 matching its shape and having means 40, which may be handles, which make it possible to grasp it and remove it from this edge.
- the membrane 46 resulting from the solidification of the film 64 will adhere to the ring 90 which will allow its manipulation.
- FIG 18 The outer wall 92 of the container forms a surface of revolution.
- the membrane 46 is continued, by means of the prior art, with an equal or greater thickness, on the outer side 92 of the container, previously covered with a non-stick substance, thus forming a peripheral flange 46.3 increasing the rigidity of this periphery and allowing it to resume its initial shape better and faster.
- the membrane is continued on the interior wall of the container in a flange 46.8 rising above the rotating liquid.
- the container 62 has a centered circular hole 93 limited by a wall 94 retaining the liquid.
- the external surface 95 of the wall 94 looking at the axis of rotation, has the shape of a surface of revolution, cylindrical or conical.
- the membrane 46 is continued, with a greater thickness, on the outer surface 95, constituting a central annular collar 46.4.
- This annular collar 46.4 has a thick cylindrical part 46.5 followed by separate vertical bands 46.6 thin joined in a terminal ring 46.13. (FIG 20)
- This terminal ring 46.13 allows the physical junction of the membrane and of a cylinder 96 centered on the optical axis 39.
- these vertical bands are made conductive 46.7 and join, at one end the surface conductive patterns of the control membrane, and at the other end the central electronic control device by means of the cylinder. 96.
- the membrane is continued in a flange 46.9 on the internal wall of the container and rises above the rotating liquid.
- FIG 41 the membrane continued on the interior wall of the container descends along this wall in the central opening by forming a double flange 46.10. Centering of membranes.
- FIG 42 Conductive bands 46.8, and regularly spaced axial positioning conductive rings 46.12, are deposited on the cylindrical part 46.5 of the collar 46.4, or of the collar 46.10 or 46.11, and will serve as electrodes for centering the membranes 46 on a vertical cylinder. 96 centered on the optical axis 39 of the telescope 1, and integral with the enclosure 18.
- This vertical cylinder with a diameter smaller than that of the flanges has electrodes 96.1 and 96.2 arranged to allow control of the position of the flange 46.4 and therefore of the membrane.
- rings 96.1 perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder will have a constant spacing, different from the spacing of the equivalent rings 46.12 of the collar, in such a way that the distance between a certain number of rings of the cylinder will be equal to the gap between a-1 rings of the flange.
- the flange 46.4 can be moved along the cylinder 96 by playing on the potentials of the different rings.
- the conductive strips 46.7 will bring the surface charges to the mirror.
- FIG 43 Two layout examples, (FIG 43), show parallel membranes and back-to-back membranes
- An insulating intermediate film 98 is formed on the surface of the rotating liquid 61.
- a conductive layer 98.1 is then formed on this film 98.
- Charges of the same sign are applied to the conductive surface film 98.1 and to a central electrode 99, centered on the axis of rotation of the rotating liquid and above it.
- the membrane 46 is then formed on the conductive film 98.1.
- the intermediate film 98 can be removed when the membrane has been separated from the main liquid 61.
- the electrode 99 will preferably be a plurality of electrodes 99.1, of annular shape, centered on the axis of rotation, of rays such that the combination of the size of the different rays and the charges applied to these electrodes lead to a controllable shape correction. .
- the intermediate film 98 is no longer necessary if the liquid 64 or the membrane 46 are conductive.
- a conductive film 98.1 is necessary if the liquid 64 or the membrane 46 are insulating.
- the electrodes 99 and 99.1 are replaced or doubled by an electrode 100 or electrodes 100.1, placed under the container 62, rotating or not with this container 62, and set to controlled potentials.
- the shape correction is made after the manufacture of the membrane.
- thermosensitive conductive membrane 46 is subjected in place on the rotating liquid 61, after establishing the corrective field, to a brief rise in temperature allowing very little deformation.
- a non-conductive membrane 46, formed on a conductive film 98 without shape correction, is subjected, after the establishment of a corrective field, to a rise in temperature allowing it to deform to marry the new shape which it will retain after return to the initial temperature.
- Self-pointing telescope-projector (FIG 45)
- a parabolic secondary mirror 101, semi-transparent according to the invention, is arranged in a Cassegrain type assembly.
- the transmitted part will be concentrated, after complete crossing of the dioptric system 104 incorporating the secondary mirror, and after having crossed the plane containing the photoelectric matrix 105 receiving the image, and having been reflected, in a beam 103.2, on a tertiary parabolic mirror 106 which will give a point image 103.3 on the back of this matrix 105 for receiving the image.
- this matrix is sufficiently transparent, it will be sensitive to this point image; otherwise, a second matrix 105.1 will be placed against its back.
- the convergent beam is slightly deformed, particularly the rays of this beam forming the center of the image, and the image of the object in question is formed without appreciable defect in the focus, on the reception matrix.
- This matrix then simultaneously sees the point representing the laser beam and the image of the object examined.
- a directional control of the telescope then makes it possible to make the image of the targeted object coincide with the reference point of the laser beam, and therefore to direct the beam towards the targeted object.
- a spherical mirror 112 is integral with one of the enclosures 19 or 20.
- This mirror 112 is, according to the invention, linked to the back of the tertiary mirror 106, or, preferably, is one with it.
- the optical axis of this * mirror defines a priori the optical axis 39 of the telescope.
- the center of curvature 112.1 of this mirror is located at the level of the other enclosure.
- the mirror will give an image 114 without aberretion of a light source 113 close to its center of curvature.
- the image is also on this axis.
- the light source 113 on the optical axis, is the image, given by a semi-transparent plane mirror 115, of a real point source 116 pre erentially monochromatic.
- This point source 116 is a fine annular hole, drilled in an opaque screen, and intensely lit.
- Image 114 consists of a central spot surrounded by diffraction rings.
- a means 117 for image detection with extended gray levels preferably a photoelectric matrix with extended gray levels, is situated at the level of image 114, and perpendicular to the optical axis.
- This photoelectric matrix 117 may be planar, but, according to the invention, it is spherical and centered on the center of curvature.
- it can also be constituted by two or three bars 117.1 or 117.2, centered symmetrically on the optical axis.
- the matrix 117 controls the refocusing.
- the matrix analyzes the image 114 and determines the center of the central spot and the diffraction rings.
- Two or three devices of the first embodiment, arranged symmetrically around the optical axis, makes it possible to free the region from this optical axis.
- This arrangement is used to secure the enclosures 18 and 19, or elements of these enclosures.
- Illumination of a target outside the optical axis If one wants to illuminate a target outside the optical axis, it suffices to make the illuminating beam, leaving the main mirror, parallel to the incoming beam.
- the point image 103.3 of the beam 103.2 on the matrix 105.1, or on the semi-transparent matrix 105 of the focal point, is then eccentric. To bring the beam onto the target, it suffices to place its point image 103.3 on a symmetrical point of the image 108.1 of the target 108.
- a removable interference filter 118 possibly in the form of a spherical cap, protects, from the monochromatic laser beam 103, the front face of the matrix 105 for receiving the image.
- An interference filter possibly in the form of a spherical cap, protects the matrix for receiving stray light from the eddy.
- the same interference filter will protect the matrix from stray light from the eddy and from the stray light from the emission laser.
- Third preferred embodiment. By inserting an interference filter that only passes the received wavelength, we can dispense with filtering the eddy stray light. Hiding mirror. The center of the semi-reflecting mirror 101, on a surface representing the projection onto the semi-reflecting mirror of the matrix 105, along the optical axis, is completely reflecting.
- the laser beam 103 will not reach the matrix 105 for receiving the image.
- a semi-transparent mirror 123 forms the virtual image 124 of the source 122 on the optical axis, at the location chosen to be the bottom of the sagittal segment 120.
- This image 126 can be very far from the optical axis 39 theoretical of the telescope, and therefore very far from the sagittal analyzer.
- auxiliary screen 127 perpendicular to the optical axis 39 is located beyond the sagittal analyzer (FIG 48), or below, but then pierced with a central opening of the dimension of the sagittal analyzer.
- the non-point image 126 of the eddy source 124 is formed on this screen 127.
- An electronic camera examines this screen and captures the image 126 of the source 124.
- the electronic mirror control device 45 brings this image to the center of the screen 127, where the sagittal analyzer is located.
- This sagittal analyzer centers the image 126 on its own center fixed on the desired optical axis 39.
- This sagittal analyzer consists, (FIG 50), according to the invention, by a photoelectric matrix 128 for examining the mirror 45 and a screen 129 for exploring the sagittal segment 119.
- This opaque screen 129 perpendicular to the optical axis 39, and pierced with a hole 131 centered on this axis at a particular point 120 of the sagittal segment 119, intercepts the conical layers which do not pass through this point 120, and does not allow passage as the conical sheet passing through this point 120 of the sagittal segment.
- This conical sheet is supported on a ring of radius 121 of the mirror 4, and traces a ring of radius 130 on the photoelectric matrix 128.
- the radius 130 of this ring is proportional to the radius 121 of the corresponding ring of the mirror 45 examined.
- a particular correspondence can be established between the points 120 of the sagittal segment and the radii 121 of the corresponding rings.
- a photoelectric matrix 128, with extended gray levels, perpendicular to the optical axis 39 and centered on this axis, is placed at some distance from the sagittal segment 119, moving away from the mirror.
- this photoconductive matrix is a spherical cap centered on the middle of the sagittal segment.
- this matrix can be reduced to a plurality of matrix segments centered on the optical axis 39 and regularly distributed around this axis.
- the screen 129 is, according to the invention, a photoelectric matrix whose central pixel is replaced by a hole 131.
- This matrix 129 is animated with a movement parallel to the optical axis 39 allowing the hole 131 to explore the desired sagittal segment 119.
- the advantage of a photoelectric matrix compared to an inactive screen is that this matrix can center the image spot 126 on its active surface at the start of the control of the mirror 57, and the refocus after an operational incident.
- Second preferred realization. (FIG 51).
- the mobile screen 129 is replaced by a stack of polarizing cells 129.1, in particular liquid crystal, having an inactive central part 131.1. _
- These cells can simulate a flat screen pierced with a hole 131 located on the optical axis 39 and moving perpendicular to its plane.
- the polarizer is unique, and the polarizing screens are crossed analyzers.
- the mirror examination matrix 128 has a central opening through which passes a cylinder 132 at the end of which is a photoelectric matrix 133 centered on the optical axis 39
- This cylinder is movable along the optical axis and can therefore explore the sagittal segment 119.
- the membranes according to the invention have a rotation movement independent of that of the telescope. This rotation is ensured, according to the invention, by the rotation of the cylinder 96.
- the three speakers are also joined optically.
- the chassis is that of the first preferred embodiment, with 4 or 6 tubes 41.
- the atmospheric motion compensating systems of the prior art cooperate with the sagittal analyzer to give the best possible image.
- This sheath is made of sound-absorbing materials, mainly an alternation of materials of different structures and densities.
- This sheath is closed upwards, perpendicular to the optical axis, by a transparent membrane 135.
- This membrane is fixed to a rigid ring 136 located at the upper end of the sheath
- This sheath is linked to a mechanical orientation system, not shown, independent of the system orienting the mirror, so that the gusts of wind, exerting a considerable action on its large surface cannot affect the mirror or the frame.
- the membranous mirror 45 is parabolic and floating or semi-floating.
- the rigid circular support has surface electrodes 46.1 which allow the control of the shape of the mirror under the direction of the sagittal analyzer of the enclosure 20.
- This rigid circular support supports (FIG 55), according to the invention, a parabolic membrane 46 slightly stretched by a low depression, so as not to deform its initial parabolic shape.
- Active annular covers 139 and 140 having surface patterns 46.1 opposite the mirror 45, aid in the peripheral and central control of this mirror.
- This rigid circular support (FIG 56) has a parabolic concave surface on which are the surface patterns 46.1 acting on the mirror 45.
- the telescope 1 consists of two separate elements joined in space after the installation of the mirror and the control membrane in the mirror stage 4.
- the casing 2 and the sheath 3 are each made up of two separate elements which can be combined a) the open cylindrical top element comprising the hearth stage 5 and the stage 6 of the center of curvature, b) the blind cylindrical bottom element comprising the mirror stage 4.
- a connecting device ensures the meeting of the two elements.
- Integrated circular inflatable tubes 8, and casing-sheath connection rings 10 ensure the circular shape of the bottom of the top element, and of the top of the bottom element.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Telescopes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95932054A EP0788616A1 (fr) | 1994-09-26 | 1995-09-25 | Telescope |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR94/11458 | 1994-09-26 | ||
FR9411458A FR2725044B1 (fr) | 1994-09-26 | 1994-09-26 | Systeme optique satellisable |
FR9507947A FR2736165B1 (fr) | 1995-06-30 | 1995-06-30 | Telescope satellise |
FR95/07947 | 1995-06-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996010207A1 true WO1996010207A1 (fr) | 1996-04-04 |
Family
ID=26231423
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1995/001233 WO1996010207A1 (fr) | 1994-09-26 | 1995-09-25 | Telescope |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0788616A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1996010207A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5898529A (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1999-04-27 | Ball Aerospace & Technologies, Inc. | Deployable space-based telescope |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4093351A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1978-06-06 | Perkins Charles W | Controlled flexible membrane reflector |
FR2662512A1 (fr) * | 1990-05-28 | 1991-11-29 | Le Grill Yves | Procede pour la realisation de miroirs ou reflecteurs concaves sous l'action d'un champ electrique. |
US5182569A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1993-01-26 | Alcatel N.V. | Antenna having a circularly symmetrical reflector |
WO1994010721A1 (fr) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-11 | North Carolina State University | Membranes mises en forme par voie electrostatique |
-
1995
- 1995-09-25 EP EP95932054A patent/EP0788616A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-09-25 WO PCT/FR1995/001233 patent/WO1996010207A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4093351A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1978-06-06 | Perkins Charles W | Controlled flexible membrane reflector |
US5182569A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1993-01-26 | Alcatel N.V. | Antenna having a circularly symmetrical reflector |
FR2662512A1 (fr) * | 1990-05-28 | 1991-11-29 | Le Grill Yves | Procede pour la realisation de miroirs ou reflecteurs concaves sous l'action d'un champ electrique. |
WO1994010721A1 (fr) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-11 | North Carolina State University | Membranes mises en forme par voie electrostatique |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
BORRA ET AL: "The Case for Liquid Mirrors in Orbiting Telescopes", THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, vol. 392, 10 June 1992 (1992-06-10), US, pages 375 - 383 * |
LABEYRIE: "Standing Wave and Pellicle: A Possible Approach to Very Large Space Telescopes", ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, vol. 77, no. 1-2, GERMANY, pages L1 - L2 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5898529A (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1999-04-27 | Ball Aerospace & Technologies, Inc. | Deployable space-based telescope |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0788616A1 (fr) | 1997-08-13 |
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