WO1996009525A1 - Douille servant a mesurer une charge de serrage - Google Patents

Douille servant a mesurer une charge de serrage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996009525A1
WO1996009525A1 PCT/GB1995/002246 GB9502246W WO9609525A1 WO 1996009525 A1 WO1996009525 A1 WO 1996009525A1 GB 9502246 W GB9502246 W GB 9502246W WO 9609525 A1 WO9609525 A1 WO 9609525A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
socket
bolt
electrical
pin
clamp load
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1995/002246
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Ogilvie Crane
Original Assignee
Crane Electronics Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Crane Electronics Limited filed Critical Crane Electronics Limited
Publication of WO1996009525A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996009525A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
    • B25B23/1425—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by electrical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
    • G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the measurement of clamp load in bolted joints.
  • a recent advance in ultrasonic technology involves the use of so called “intelligent fasteners", bolts with piezo-elect ⁇ c thin films deposited on their heads by sputtering, a vacuum deposition process. This avoids coupling problems and improves accuracy when used for the conventional method discussed above. More importantly, such bolts enable the use of a new ultrasonic technique which simultaneously exploits two different ultrasonic waves. By manipulating the orientation of the crystals in the piezo-electnc film on the surface of the bolt, the piezo-electnc can be made to send one ultrasonic wave directly down the centre of the bolt and one wave at an angle so that it bounces off the sides of the bolt. This second, angled "transverse" wave could not be used with previous techniques because such waves are not transmitted through fluids like coupling gels.
  • the clamp load can be measured directly without knowing the unstressed length of the bolt, and therefore without having to untighten the fastener. Measurements are highly accurate in comparison with all previous techniques (around +3%) .
  • the major problem with the above technique is that of providing an electrical signal to the bolt head. It has been proposed to use a torque wrench with a probe, such as a retractable spring-pin, at the socket for establishing electrical contact with the piezo-electnc film on the bolt head. However, in order that electrical signals may pass to and from the probe, it has been thought necessary to provide a path for these signals right through the socket, the assembly tool drive head, and out of the handle of the tool. This has a number of disadvantages.
  • the invention provides a socket for use in measuring the clamp load of a bolted joint, the socket being adapted at one end for receiving torque from a wrench, and adapted at the other end for transmitting torque to a bolt, and including: an electrically conductive pin mounted within the socket for contacting the head of the bolt and allowing the transmission of an electrical signal thereto or therefro ; slipring means mounted for conjoint rotation with the socket, and in electrical connection with the pin for allowing the transmission of the signal to or from the pin; and -5- brush means passing partially around and tensioned against the slipring means in electrical brushing contact therewith for transmitting the signal to or from an electrical circuit.
  • Preferably electrical connection from the pin to the slipring means is provided by an annular or substantially annular printed circuit board.
  • sockets would be needed for each different size of nut.
  • sockets would initially be made in a limited range of sizes and then their hexagonal sockets finished to precisely the desired size.
  • the slipring means comprises one or more carbon discs and the brush means comprises one or more flexible metallic strips.
  • the socket has all the advantages discussed in relation to the torque wrench of International Application WO 94/07119 in respect of low signal noise and reliability. This s particularly important for the applications in which ultrasonic measuring of clamp load can be of particular use, for example vehicle production lines, where sockets are expected to withstand hundreds of millions of revolutions, and to cope with the extra stresses involved with use in conjunction with impulse tools.
  • the socket of the invention is particularly suited for use with impulse tools, because the time between impulses can be used to check the clamp load of the bolt using ultrasonic techniques. Depending on the measured value of clamp load a decision can be made whether or not to continue tightening the bolt.
  • a socket according to the invention can be equipped also with the torque measuring apparatus of WO 94/07119. A further four sliprings and brushes would be necessary to conduct the torque responsive signals to the controller.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a socket according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an end view of the socket of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a section on the line A-A of the socket of
  • Figure 4 is a section of the line B-B of the socket of
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of a printed circuit board suitable for use with the invention.
  • a socket according to the invention includes a shaft 1 having at one end a square socket 5 for receiving the square end of, for instance, an impact or impulse tool for tightening a bolt.
  • a hexagonal socket 10 for receiving the head of the bolt to be tightened.
  • Protruding into this hexagonal socket is the end of an electrically conductive spring loaded pin 3, used for transmitting electrical signals to and from the head of the bolt. Because the pin is spring loaded, it always presses against the head of the bolt, maintaining a good contact.
  • the spring loaded pin 3 is electrically connected to a printed circuit board 4, of the shape shown in Figure 5. This circuit board has an insulated backing material on one side, and a continuous layer of conductive material on the other side, to provide electrical contact between the spring loaded pin, and a carbon slipring 2.
  • a second carbon slipring 2 is used as an earth.
  • a flexible metallic strip 6 is connected at its ends between an insulating bar 8 and a printed circuit board 9.
  • the strip is held in tension around and against slipring 2 by a tensioning spring 7.
  • a tensioning spring 7 is held in tension around and against slipring 2 by a tensioning spring 7.
  • the electrical signals are transmitted to and from the printed circuit board 9 by a controller which s not illustrated.
  • An example of the use of the socket is in the tightening of a joint to a predetermined clamp load, using an impulse tool.
  • a bolt having its head coated with piezo- -elect ⁇ c material is used, as previously discussed.
  • the impulse tool applies a torque to the bolt via the socket.
  • the metallic strip 6 There is then a delay before the next pulse of torque is applied.
  • an electrical signal is transmitted from the controller via the printed circuit board 9, to the metallic strip 6. From there it passes via the slipring 2 and the printed circuit board 4 to the pin 3 thereby to stimulate the piezo-electnc material on the head of the bolt.
  • This piezo-electnc material produces a longitudinal ultrasonic wave, which is transmitted down the centre of the bolt, and a "transverse" ultrasonic wave which bounces off the sides of the bolt. Both of the waves are reflected from the end of the bolt back towards the piezo-elect ⁇ c crystal. The reflected waves excite the piezo-electnc material, and the resultant electrical signal passes back via the pin 3, the printed circuit board 4, the slipring 2, the metallic strip 6 and the printed circuit board 9 to the controller. Analysis of the signals by the controller gives a measure of the clamp load in the joint. The controller therefore compares this measured clamp load with a predetermined desired clamp load to determine whether or not the impulse tool should apply more torque.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une douille 'intelligente' permettant de mesurer la charge de serrage d'un assemblage par boulon en faisant appel à des techniques d'ultrasons sans qu'il s'avère nécessaire de modifier les clefs existantes. Des signaux électriques, destinés à exciter un corps piézo-électrique et à produire des ondes ultrasoniques dans un boulon, peuvent être transmis directement d'un circuit électrique au boulon, par l'intermédiaire de la douille, selon la technique du balai.
PCT/GB1995/002246 1994-09-23 1995-09-21 Douille servant a mesurer une charge de serrage WO1996009525A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9419234.1 1994-09-23
GB9419234A GB2293698B (en) 1994-09-23 1994-09-23 Socket for use in measuring clamp load

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996009525A1 true WO1996009525A1 (fr) 1996-03-28

Family

ID=10761815

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1995/002246 WO1996009525A1 (fr) 1994-09-23 1995-09-21 Douille servant a mesurer une charge de serrage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2293698B (fr)
WO (1) WO1996009525A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000064639A1 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 Atlas Copco Tools Ab Systeme de serrage de fixations munies d'un dispositif d'emission et de detection d'ondes acoustiques ultrasonores
CN103901829A (zh) * 2012-12-30 2014-07-02 青岛海尔软件有限公司 基于多普勒传感技术的家庭智能节电插座
CN110207884A (zh) * 2019-07-10 2019-09-06 成都大汇智联科技有限公司 一种在线监测水轮机关键螺栓预紧力的系统及方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2383282B (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-06-16 Crane Electronics Torque sensing tool
FR2930186B1 (fr) * 2008-04-21 2010-08-13 Renault Sas Visseuse pourvue de moyens de detection de la profondeur d'une empreinte prevue dans une tete de vis, et installation correspondante

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0441145A2 (fr) * 1990-02-05 1991-08-14 SPS TECHNOLOGIES, Inc. Membre pour indiquer la charge par ultrasons
EP0467262A1 (fr) * 1990-07-20 1992-01-22 Kamax-Werke Rudolf Kellermann GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif pour serrer un ensemble tête/boulon sous l'effet d'ultra-sons dans des buts de montage
WO1992003665A1 (fr) * 1990-08-27 1992-03-05 Kibblewhite Ian E Element avec transducteur ultrasonique indicateur de charge
EP0589271A1 (fr) * 1992-09-19 1994-03-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé et dispositif pour le serrage d'un vis contrôlé par ultrason
WO1994007119A1 (fr) * 1992-09-15 1994-03-31 Crane Electronics Limited Transducteurs de couple de rotation
US5437525A (en) * 1992-09-25 1995-08-01 Bras; Serge M. Assembly component having a force sensor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0441145A2 (fr) * 1990-02-05 1991-08-14 SPS TECHNOLOGIES, Inc. Membre pour indiquer la charge par ultrasons
EP0467262A1 (fr) * 1990-07-20 1992-01-22 Kamax-Werke Rudolf Kellermann GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif pour serrer un ensemble tête/boulon sous l'effet d'ultra-sons dans des buts de montage
WO1992003665A1 (fr) * 1990-08-27 1992-03-05 Kibblewhite Ian E Element avec transducteur ultrasonique indicateur de charge
WO1994007119A1 (fr) * 1992-09-15 1994-03-31 Crane Electronics Limited Transducteurs de couple de rotation
EP0589271A1 (fr) * 1992-09-19 1994-03-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé et dispositif pour le serrage d'un vis contrôlé par ultrason
US5437525A (en) * 1992-09-25 1995-08-01 Bras; Serge M. Assembly component having a force sensor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000064639A1 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 Atlas Copco Tools Ab Systeme de serrage de fixations munies d'un dispositif d'emission et de detection d'ondes acoustiques ultrasonores
CN103901829A (zh) * 2012-12-30 2014-07-02 青岛海尔软件有限公司 基于多普勒传感技术的家庭智能节电插座
CN110207884A (zh) * 2019-07-10 2019-09-06 成都大汇智联科技有限公司 一种在线监测水轮机关键螺栓预紧力的系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2293698B (en) 1998-03-11
GB9419234D0 (en) 1994-11-09
GB2293698A (en) 1996-04-03

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