WO1996007962A1 - Dispositif a alimentation electrique sans coupure, en ligne, a alimentation complementaire et intelligent - Google Patents

Dispositif a alimentation electrique sans coupure, en ligne, a alimentation complementaire et intelligent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996007962A1
WO1996007962A1 PCT/CN1994/000103 CN9400103W WO9607962A1 WO 1996007962 A1 WO1996007962 A1 WO 1996007962A1 CN 9400103 W CN9400103 W CN 9400103W WO 9607962 A1 WO9607962 A1 WO 9607962A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
circuit
low
power supply
output
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN1994/000103
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mau San Frank Yim
Original Assignee
Mau San Frank Yim
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Mau San Frank Yim filed Critical Mau San Frank Yim
Priority to AU12710/95A priority Critical patent/AU1271095A/en
Publication of WO1996007962A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996007962A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/067Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems using multi-primary transformers, e.g. transformer having one primary for each AC energy source and a secondary for the loads
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching power supply device, and in particular, to an intelligent energy complementary on-line uninterruptible switching power supply device, which can be incorporated into electrical appliances that are sensitive to the power supply quality of a power grid, such as computers, communication electronics, and medical products. Instruments, industrial control instruments, remote data collection and recording systems, etc.
  • UPS power supply
  • a UPS whether it is a sine wave or a square wave output, it must go through multiple AC-DC energy conversion processes.
  • the electrical ground voltage must be converted into high-voltage DC or high-voltage AC.
  • the switching power supply in the load will be used to convert the high-voltage AC to low-voltage DC. Therefore, the energy efficiency is low.
  • UPS power supplies Another problem with UPS power supplies is the high investment in power supplies, especially the higher the power and the longer the support time, the more expensive it is.
  • UPS power supply Another problem of the UPS power supply is that if there is any poor contact between the output and the load, or a load failure occurs, and the UPS enters the protection state, other loads will also be interrupted.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent energy complementary on-line system.
  • the intermittent power supply device has higher energy utilization rate and lower cost than the traditional UPS power supply, that is, it can be used alone or in combination with an electric appliance to support the power consumption part of the load.
  • the working process is: (1) when the high voltage is normal, the first energy source
  • a branch of intelligent energy complementary online uninterruptible switching power supply device includes a high-voltage input part composed of an input protection circuit, an EMI filter circuit, a bridge rectifier circuit, and a low-pass filter circuit in sequence; A low voltage input part; a pulse width regulating circuit; a main power transformer; a low voltage DC output part composed of rectifying and filtering appliances; a high voltage output conversion circuit; wherein the output of the input protection circuit and the input of the high voltage output conversion circuit are directly connected to form AC
  • the high-voltage output circuit is characterized in that the method further includes:
  • a high-voltage loop is formed by a high-voltage switch connected between the low-pass filter and the active-rate transformer.
  • the high-voltage switch outputs the high-voltage of the low-pass filter under the control of the pulse width control circuit. DC is sent to the main power transformer for low voltage output;
  • a low-voltage loop is formed by connecting a main power transformer to the electric ground group through a charging protection circuit, and is used to charge the electric ground group when the AC voltage is normal (within a predetermined range);
  • a low-voltage discharge circuit is formed by a low-voltage switch connected between the electrical ground group and the main power transformer.
  • the low-voltage switch works synchronously with the high-voltage switch under the control of the pulse width control circuit.
  • the active rate transformer is discharged;
  • a high-voltage DC output circuit which is composed of a primary high-voltage winding of the active-rate transformer, a high-voltage rectifier circuit, the low-pass filter, and the high-voltage output conversion part, and is sequentially connected to provide a high-voltage DC output;
  • -A control circuit which is composed of a switch and a module controlled by intelligent logic according to an operator's instruction or a status signal of the power supply device, and is used to control the working condition of the power supply.
  • the uninterruptible switching power supply device further includes a remote communication control module, which is connected to the control circuit, and is based on a telephone line signal or a time control signal or other signals. Start or stop the operation of the power switch device.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS 2A, B, and C are circuit diagrams of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 A, B, C, Fig. And Fig. 5 are specific circuit diagrams of the control module block 5IH in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 6 is a block diagram of the remote communication module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the remote communication module shown in FIG. 6.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a typical application of the present invention. It is an uninterruptible power supply in a microcomputer. Its structure is as follows:
  • This section consists of the AC input socket to the rectified and filtered output high-voltage DC stop, which is composed as follows: (1).
  • a standard AC input socket P1 as shown in Figure 1, passes through the protection circuit (100) and enters the EMI filter network (101). ), And then through the bridge rectifier and low-pass filtering (103), Enter the high voltage PW switch (201).
  • the input protection (1GD), EMI filtering (101), bridge rectification (102), and low-pass filtering (103) of this part of the circuit are all composed of classic lines and components. See the corresponding part in Figure 2, that is, the short-circuit protection is provided by the fuse F1. achieve. Input surge protection is implemented by RT1.
  • the EMI filtering network is implemented by CODl.UOl, ⁇ 002, ⁇ 003, ⁇ 00 ⁇ .
  • the rectifier bridge is BR1
  • the low-pass filter is capacitor C006.
  • This circuit (3111) uses 2 ⁇ V sealed maintenance-free rechargeable battery pack BT1, which is sent to the transformer (D) low-voltage primary winding W2, W2 and low-voltage power switch QD through a reverse isolation diode DOdl to form a loop.
  • the number, type and design of the electric ground group BT1 are determined according to the conditions inside the electrical appliances.
  • This embodiment is designed for desktop and vertical computer cases.
  • the battery pack is 12V / 1.
  • H X2 series installation In a simple, flame-retardant and anti-corrosive plastic box that fits perfectly with the 5.25 window.
  • the BT1 replaces the 5.25 'floppy drive location, making installation extremely convenient.
  • Composition (201), (3112) in Figure 1, and its related internal circuits, as shown in (201) in Figure 2 include 002, 11002, 0001, (: (109, 11 (103, 0004) , 11 (10, (; 010,
  • the high-voltage primary windings W1 and (302) of R021, C0, and T1 include R0, QDD2, R016, CO, DO 05, CO 11, R005, and low-voltage primary winding W2.
  • the high-voltage DC voltage from two points of CD is added to the S pole of the high-voltage switch QI, and then passes through its D pole, 1 terminal, and W1 terminal 1 (or 3 terminals).
  • 110V / 22 ( ⁇ selection switch (104)) forms a high voltage circuit.
  • the pulse width modulation signal from the PW control circuit as shown in Figure 2.
  • the 12-pin output of the control module (51H) is divided into two paths by R 1 to P, one path is driven by the pulse transformer T () D2, and one path is directly At the same time to the high and low voltage PWM switch ( ⁇ 01, () () () 2 G pole.
  • (; under normal conditions, the voltage at both ends is the peak frequency (8DK).
  • the voltage induced by the power supply of W1 on W2 is VWI, Greater than 32Ypp, this voltage is much higher than the voltage of the electrical ground (2), so VWI will charge the battery via (303) (otherwise), and in the low-voltage windings WL1, W, respectively, corresponding voltages of different levels are induced.
  • Rectifier filter (6D1) supplies power to low-voltage DC loads at all levels.
  • this circuit is to ensure the stability of the low-voltage output. It is realized by sampling the output ((5113) in Figure 2) to (5) and performing pulse width modulation on Q 1 and Qd.
  • the energy conversion between high-voltage AC and low-voltage DC in the main transformer is a complementary form. There is no break point in the middle, which achieves the purpose of ON-LINE. In the whole process of each state, the voltage on the low-voltage load can be kept constant due to the adjustment and control of PW.
  • the absorption loop in each relevant line is to absorb the spikes generated during the high frequency (UK) conversion process to reduce interference and protect the devices. They are all conventional circuits and need not be repeated here.
  • the relay converts the high-voltage load from the AC input to the high-voltage DC output.
  • the experiment proves that the effect is better than the square wave input. (On some monitors with poor anti-interference ability, you can't see the square wave odd-order chirp waves bring interference to the display.)
  • the high voltage output of this design is divided into high voltage AC and high voltage DC.
  • a pair of normally open terminals of a relay A pair of normally open terminals of a relay.
  • the other high voltage comes from the high voltage primary winding W1 of the main transformer (2).
  • the tap 1 (or 3) of W1 is selected by the 220 V / 1I0V transfer switch and DO G 2 forms a high voltage DC VDE at both ends of CD D 8. It is then sent to the normally closed contact of JI of the conversion circuit (105) via the series-connected thermistor RT2.
  • the battery power works, and the induced voltage on W1 is VBH, then VBH-VB X Wl / W2.
  • (where VB is the battery voltage, Wl / W2 is the turns ratio of the high and low voltage primary line diagram For conversion efficiency).
  • the induced voltage generated at W2 is 27.6 Vpp.
  • the induced voltage VB H generated at W1 when the battery is powered will be less than the DC effective value of the nominal AC high voltage (JT XV ⁇ ). Therefore, outputting this DC high voltage to the switching power supply of the high voltage load (display) can ensure that no overvoltage impact will be caused, but it is still within the normal working range of this type of load, which improves the safety.
  • Conversion control of high voltage output It consists of AC sampling (Hi), control part (5 (M) intelligent logic (5MA). (106) Take the AC voltage from the AB point after AC input protection 00), after 220V / 110V Selector switch (1 (M) SW2B, to select two different values of RV1 and RV2 varistors as 22DVAC or 11GVAC respectively, after C007 to a bridge rectifier DDID-DG, and then sent to The comparison circuit composed of IC5C, IC5B and related circuits is sent to the base of Q3 of the control module (5M), and determines whether the coil of the relay (105) works to switch the high voltage output.
  • the YDE induced voltage is rectified and filtered, and supplies power to the high-voltage load (display) via the normally closed end of the relay (105).
  • (5MA) will still set the 5 terminal to a low level to make the commercial voltage output P2] 1 lock the AC-side without output, so that the high voltage load (display Device) without having to start and waste battery.
  • the host will start normally and finish the preset work automatically (such as receiving FAX, etc.).
  • the low-voltage part of this design is composed of a variety of output voltages for general use.
  • VDC voltage
  • + 24VDC + 3VDC
  • -5YDC + -12YDC and so on.
  • the secondary winding WLI of the main transformer (2) is rectified, filtered, and supplied to the load.
  • the tap on WL1 supplies + 5VDC to the load through flow filtering.
  • WL2 supplies -5YDC
  • the positive bias resistance of the base of Q 3 is R42.
  • a diode D9o is connected in parallel between the base and Q.
  • the protection circuit consists of a comparator (IC3C), R ⁇ 7 RU R49, and Q4 R39 Di Q5
  • the comparator IC2A 26 forms a + 12V + 5Y undervoltage sampling circuit
  • IC 2C forms an overvoltage sampling circuit
  • Rifl D6 Q5 ( Figure 15) performs undervoltage and overvoltage protection of + 12V and + ⁇ .
  • the host will boot into normal operation. If there is AC (AC power failure), because the internal battery provides energy, the host switch can also work normally. In this case, only turning on the host without turning on the display, achieves the purpose of energy saving. After receiving or processing the information, the host will be shut down automatically.
  • AC power failure AC power failure
  • the host switch can also work normally. In this case, only turning on the host without turning on the display, achieves the purpose of energy saving. After receiving or processing the information, the host will be shut down automatically.
  • This control circuit determines the working state by two ways:
  • Circuit principle The line ringing signal is sampled by ringing (102) and isolated by transformer (6103).
  • the start-up circuit (00) gives a high-level signal for power-on. This signal is then switched to the OR gate by the internal intelligence of USPS.
  • Circuit GI (506) starts USPS. After the USPS starts, its + 5V (i 500) starts to provide + 5V operating voltage to the control circuit. During ringing, the drive circuit is turned off

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Description

智能化能量互补在线式不间断开关电源装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种开关电源装置, 具体来讲, 涉及一种智能化能量 互补在线式不间断开关电源装置, 可结合于对电网供电质量敏感的用 电器具中, 例如, 电脑、 通讯电子产品医疗仪器、 工控仪器、 远程数 据收集记录系统等。
背景技术
随着信息技术的发展, 以电脑为代表的信息产品全面进入各个领 域, 但这些产品对电网质量要求很高。 目前所用的电源主要有两种, 即 UPS 和 SPS 。
通常, 在 UPS 中, 无论是正弦波还是方波输出, 都要经过多次交 直流能量相互转换过程; 在电池支持工作时, 电地电压要转换成高压 直流或转换成高压交流, 高压交流送给负载又要由负载内的开关电源 将高压交流转换成低压直流。 因此能源利用率低。
UPS 电源的另一个问题是电源的投资高, 特别是功率愈大、 支持 时间愈长, 则价格越贵。
UPS 电源还有一个问题在于, 它的输出与负载之间若有任何接触 不良, 或发生负载故障, 而使 UPS 进入保护状态, 其他负载亦会发生 中断。
传统的开关电源 SPS 不具备不间断功能。
发明内容
因此, 本发明的目的就在于, 提供一种智能化能量互补在线式不 间断电源装置, 它比传统的 UPS 电源能源利用率高, 成本低, 即可以 单独地, 还可以结合入用电器支持负载的用电部分。
根据本发明 , 其工作过程是: (1 ) 当高压正常时, 第一能源
(市电高压) 向负载提供能量, 第二能源端的电地从主功率转换变压 器吸收第一能源的能量充电。 Π) '如果 AC低于设定值时, 则电地 (第 二能源) 就经过第二端向主功率变压器放电而补充能量, 其放电电流 随 AC的降低而增加, 直至某一转换点时全部由电地供电。 ) 当 AC突 然中断时, 由于第二能源端是处于与 AC高压同步工作状态, 所以是无 间斷地补充全部能源, 同时在笫一能源端产生出高压可以提供给需要 高压的负载。 由此达到负载始终保持有稳定的电压的目的。
根据本发明 的一科智能化能量互补在线式不间断开关电源装 置, 包括由输入保护电路、 EMI 滤波电路、 桥式整流电路和低通滤波 电路顺序组成的高压输入部分; 由电地组构成的低压输入部分; 一脉 宽调控电路; 一主功率变压器; 由整流滤波电器构成的低压直流输出 部分; 高压输出转换电路; 其中, 输入保护电路的输出与高压输出转 换电路的输入直接连接起来构成 AC高压输出回路; 本 发明 的特征 在于, 还包括:
一高压回路, 由一高压开关连接于所述低通滤波器和所述主动率 变压器之间构成, 所述高压开关在所述脉宽调控电路的控制下, 将所 述低通滤波器高压输出直流送到主功率变压器, 以供低压输出;
一低压回路, 由主功率变压器经一充电保护电路与所述电地组连 接起来而构成, 用于在交流电压正常(在一予定范围内) 时, 向所述 电地组充电;
一低压放电回路, 由一低压开关连接于所述电地组和所述主功率 变压器之间构成, 该低压开关在所迷脉宽调控电路控制下, 与所述高 压开关同步工作, 在所述交流电压低于一预定值时, 从所述电地组向 所述主动率变压器放电;
一高压直流输出回路, 由所述主动率变压器的初级高压绕组、 一 高压整流电路、 所述低通滤器和所述高压输出转换部分顺序连接构 成, 用于提供高压直流输出;
—控制电路, 根据操作员的指令或本电源装置的状态信号、 由开 关和智能逻辑控制的模块组成的控制电路, 用于控制所述电源的工作 状况。
根据本发明 的一个实施例, 所述不间断开关电源装置, 还包 括一远程通讯控制模块, 该远程控制模块与现所述控制电路相连接, 根据电话线路的信号或时间控制信号或其他信号来启动或停止所述电 源开关装置的工作。
附图综述
图 1是本发明 一个实施例的电路方框图。
图 2 A、 B 、 C 是本发明 的电路图。
图 3 A、 B 、 C 、 图 和图 5是图 2中控制模方框 5IH 的具体线 路图。
图 6是本发明 远程通讯模块的框图。
图 7是图 6所示远程通讯模块的电路图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合附图, 详细说明本发明。
图 1 、 2 是本发明. 的一个典型应用, 是微型计算机内的不间 断电源, 其结构如下:
A.高压输入部分
本部分由 AC输入插座起到整流滤波输出高压直流止, 组成如下: (1).一个标准的 AC输入插座 P1, 如图 1 所示, 经保护电路 (100), 进入 EMI 波滤网络 (101),再经桥式整流器 和低通滤波 (103),进 入高压 PW 开关(201) 。
本部分电路的输入保护(1GD), EMI 滤波 (101),桥式整流 (102) 及 低通滤波 (103) 均采用经典线路及元件组成可见图 2 相应部分, 即, 短路保护由保险管 F1实现。 输入浪涌保护由 RT1 实现。 EMI 滤波网络 由 CODl.UOl, Ο002 ,Ο003 ,Ο00< 实现。 整流桥是 BR1 ,低通滤波为电容 C006。
(2).同时由保护电路 (lOd) 后的 AB两点引出交流高压送到一个继 电器组成的转换电路 的常开端点。
工作原理: 当高压正常时, 受交流采样电路 和控制部分 (504) 所控制的 (转换电路) 继电器 (105) 会将高压输出端经过继电 器 (105) 的转接活动端接到常开端而直接将 AC高压输出。
8:低压输入部分(301):
本电路 (3111) 采用 2<V 密封免维护可充电电池组 BT1,经过反向隔 离二极管 DOdl送到变压器 ( D) 低压初级绕组 W2,W2 与低压功率开关 管 QD 组成回路。 电地组 BT1 的数量、 类型和设计, 根据装进各用电 器内部的条件而定, 本实施例是为台式和立式电脑机箱机箱而设计 的, 电池组是 12V/1. H X2 串联安装于一简洁的与 5.25窗口完全吻 合的阻燃防腐的塑料盒内。 该 BT1 正好取代 5.25' 软驱的位置, 使安 装极为方便。
从电地组的正负极还引出两根外接电池线及插头插于一附加卡 上, 再经防反接及短路保护电路接于该插端部的扩充电池插口。 以让 用户必要时可任意增加 24V 电池容量达到长延时的目的。
C:高低压同步双路单管能量互补功率转率部分
本部分是本设计的核心。 其组成和工作原理如下:
组成: 图 1中的 (201), (3112),及其相关的内部电路, 详见图 2 中的(201) 所示包括了002 , 11002,0001 ,(:(109,11(103,0004,11(10 ,(;010, R021,C0 ,T l的高压初级绕组 Wl和(302) 所示包括 R0 , QDD2, R016 , CO , DO 05, CO 11, R005和低压初级绕组 W2。
a.经高压低通滤波 (Id 3) 后 C.D.两点来的高压直流电压, 加在高 压开关 Q I的 S 极, 再顺序经过其 D 极、 的 1 端、 W1的 1 端(或 3 端) 、 110V/ 22(^选择开关(104) 形成高压回路。
b.由电地放电电路 (301) 中的隔离二极管 DQ01来的低压直流电压 正端, 送到 W2的 I 端然后由 2 端串联低压? WM 开关 Q!!!)2的 D 到 S 而回 到电池负极 ( )形成低压回路。
c.由 PW 控制电路 来的脉宽调制信号, 见图 2 中, 由控制 模块 (51H) 的 12脚输出经 R 1到 P 点分成两路, 一路经驱动脉冲变压 器 T()D2, 一路直接同时加到高、 低压 PWM开关管(^01,()()()2 G极。
d.工作过程:
开机后 Q 1,Q 2 均进入同步的开关工作状态
(1) ^(;正常时^两端电压 为髙频 (8DK) 的峰蜂值为 。 根 据变压器设计的匝比关系, 此时在 W2上的由于 W1的供电而感生的电压 为 VWI,大于 32Ypp,此电压远高于电地的电压 (2 ),因此 VWI 将经过 ( 303 ) 向电池充电 (另述),而在次數低压绕组 WL1,W 分别感生相应 的不同等级的电压, 经整流滤波 (6D1) 向各级低压直流负载供电。
本电路以保证低压输出的稳定为中心目标, 由对输出的采样(图 2中(5113))反馈给 (5 ),对 Q 1和 Qd 进行脉宽调制而实现。
(2) .当 AC高于正常值达 120%时, 本设计所采用的各部元件均能正 常工作。 而输出的稳定由! >WM控制, 均保证在电网调整率(Li -Rejn 1 a t i on) 标准之内。
(3) .当 AC低于正常值的 Π¾ 时, 由于 W1上的 VIPP的降低, 在 W2的 感应电压 VWI 也随之降低, 直到对电池充电停止。 当 AC进一步降低 时, 电池将会由 27.5V 的浮点电压经 Q002和 W2而轻微放电。 当 AC进一 步降低时, 电池放电电流亦随之加大, 直到由此而在 W1上的感应 VBL 等于 VIPP时, 则全部负载的能量供给均由电地承担。
( ).当 AC突然断电, 在 CHOg上的储电电压开始下降时, 由于低压 开关管 (3D2)Q 2 —直是在工作状态, W2上的电流即时增大补足上 5 去。
综观 ) 、 (4) 的工作状态, 高压交流与低压直流在主变压变器 中的能量转换是一种互补的形式。 中间没有间断点, 达到了在线不间 断 (ON-LINE) 的目的。 而在各秭状态的全过程中, 由于 PW 的调节控 制, 均能保证低压负载上的电压维持恒定。
10 e.各相关线路中的吸收回路是吸收高频 (UK) 转换过程中产生的 尖峰, 以减少干扰和保护器件, 均属常规电路, 此不必赘述。
D>. 高压输出部分, 参考图 2,图 4
本输出前题条件是,
(1).由于当今在数字处理机和外围设备中, 绝大部分都采用 SPS !5 作为电源。 因此在下述线路, 将证明本 发明 是极为简捷, 行之有 效的。 (例如显示器均是采用宽适应范围的开关电源) 。
从 SPS 的 AC输入分析, 如果输入的是 AC额定值的有效值的直流电 流, 对保险管、 浪涌吸收电阻、 EMI 滤波网络和整流桥均不会有不利 影响, 在桥式整流器上, 只有 2只在二极管导通, 另 2只不工作。
20 因此本设计在交流低于 7β¾ 时, 由继电器把高压负载从 AC输入转 换接到高压直流输出上, 实验证明比方波输入的效果更好。 (在某些 抗干扰能力差的显示器上, 看不到方波奇次偕波给显示带来干扰横 线。 )
本设计高压输出分为高压交流和高压直流两路。
n (2).电路设计如下:
» -一路交流高压来自 AC输入回路( A. B点),接到转换电路 ( 5 ) 的 - T -
继电器的一对常开端点。
ϋ. 另一路高压来自主变压器 (2 ) 的高压初级绕 W1, 本回路由 220 V/1I0V 转换开关选择 W1的抽头 1 (或 3 )和 DO G 2在 CD D 8两端形成高压 直流 VDE,再经串联的热敏电阻 RT2 送到转换电路 (105) 的 JI的常闭触 点。 当电网停电无 AC输入时, 电池供电工作, 在 W1上感应电压为 VBH, 则 VBH-VB X Wl /W2. Χη (式中 VB为电池电压, Wl /W2为高低压初级线 图的匝比, 为转换效率) 。 设若 AC输入为标称值的82¾ 时, 在 W2端 这产生的感应电压为 27.6 Vpp.则电池供电时在 W1上产生的感应电压 VB H 会小于 AC交流高压标称值的直流效值( JT X V^),因此, 将此直流 高压输出到高压负载 (显示器) 的开关电源上, 可以保证不会造成过 压冲击, 但仍在该类负载的可正常工作的范围内, 提高了安全度。
iii.高压输出的转换控制. 由交流采样 (Hi),控制部分 (5(M) 智 能逻辑 (5MA)组成。 (106) 从 AC输入保护 00) 后的 A.B 点取出交流 电压, 经过 220V/110V 选择开关(1(M)SW2B,以选择 RV1 和 RV2 两个不 同值的压敏电阻分别作为 22DVAC或 11GVAC的取样选择, 经过 C007到一 个桥式整流器 DDID-DG ,然后经光耦 UO 隔离送到由 IC5C、 IC5B及其 相关电路组成的比较电路, 送到控制模块 (5M) 的 Q3的基极, 而决定 继电器 (105) 线圈的工作与否达到切换高压输出的目的。
(3).工作原理:
(i).参见图 4, AC正常时(106) 中的 U ;导通, 使 1 C的 i、 9 端 为电平, 致使 IC5A的 1 端为高压电平, 经过与非门 IC5A的 1 端和 IC5A 2端的时间常数电路 R35,CI2 再经 IC5B的 4端输出高电平, 使 Q3导 通, 致使继电器 线图加电而使输出端转向 AC侧, 由 AC向高压负 载 (显示器) 供电。
(U) .当 AC低于正常值的 70¾或为 d 时, 本电路将是逆反上述 辑, 而使继电器 (105) 线圈失电, 则由主变压器 (20β) 髙压初级线圈 - l -
Wl感应电压整流滤波后的 YDE,经继电器(105) 常闭端向高压负载 (显 示器) 供电。
(iii).另一路智能控制信号由模块 (5D )ICU 的 5 端提供, 其工 作是 (50 )模块内部检测是否有搡作人员在工作, 如果没有操作人 员, SW1在 OFF 状态, 全机处于无人值守状态。 下面分两种情况说明本 电源自动 0N/0FF的工作原理。
a. AC交流正常时, 如果有远程控制信号的高电平 (+5Y-+10Y)自 5MA的 2 端输入 ,( 504 )的 3 端将置于 d 电平, 即可使控制回路 ( 504) 进入工作状态, 而启动全机, 电脑可自行引导执行自动程序。 此刻 (5IMA)的 5 端将自动置于低电平, 交流高压输出 P2经】 I置于 AC—侧, 而正常工作。 如果此时 AC突掉电, 全机转由电池 (3 ) 供电, 但 (504 ) 仍锁定】1置于 AC侧, 而减少电池消耗, 当(506) 的控制电平低至 0 时, 则(5MA)令 3 端置于高电平而令全机停止工作。
b. AC停电时:
如果有远程信号自 来到(5H )的 2 端输入,(5MA) 仍将 5 端置于低电平而使商压输出 P2经】 1锁定 AC—侧而无输出, 令高压负载 (显视器) 不必启动而浪费电池。 同时置 3端为低电平, 主机则正常 启动, 自动完成预先设定的工作(如接收 FAX 等) 。
E>. 低压直流输出部分: ( 参考图 2)
本设计的低压部分是为通用的各种不同电压的输出组成。
例如" VDC, +24VDC, +3VDC, -5YDC, -12YDC等等。
由主变压器 (2 ) 的次级绕组 WLI 经整流, 滤波, 向负载供
+ 12VDC.
由在 WL1 的抽头经流滤波向负载供 +5VDC 。
由 WL2 以同样方式再经三端稳压 IC 7905 , 7912 供 -5YDC 和
-12VD (;。 F>. 电地充放电电路及其保护 (参考图 5):
1) . 充电及其保护的电路
由主变压器 (200 ) 的低压初级绕组 W2, 低压开关管0(^2,(:13, 0003,11011,1142,^,07,11<3,1^,1129,231,04和比较器1(;48组成。
工作原理: AC正常时, 由 W2的感应电压 VAL 经 Q0G2,C13组成整流 滤波送到 Qd(l3的 C 极由其 E 极经电阻 R11 向电地充电, 充电电流的大 小由 QGD3的基极电压决定:
Q 3基极的正偏压电阻为 R42,该基极与 Q点之间并联有二极管 D9o D9为 LED,其正偏电压特性近以稳压管, 因此 Q点电压稳定在 1.6 V , 充电电流为 I=(Y LED -VBE (Q003 ))/R011=O.U 。 所以本充电电路 以 0.2C电流进行准恒流充电。 取 D.2C即保证充电速度, 又延长电流寿 命。 同时也不使充电电流过大而影响整个电源的功率分配平街。
当电地电压充电到 115 ¾时, 经过比较器 I C4 B输出的电平将使 Q7导 通, 拉低充电三极管 Q 3的基极而关断 Q 3, 停止充电。
2) . 放电及其保护电路;(图 5)
放电的条件和过程已在第 (C) 部分中阐述。
保护电路由比较器 (IC3C),R<7 RU R49以及 Q4 R39 Di Q5 组成
。 当电池放电, 直到电池电压低于 18.5 VDC时, 经 IC3C输出一低电平 使 Q4载止, 遂使整个控制回路失电而全机停止。
G>. 输出的过压和短路保护则为常规线路:
经过比较器 IC2A 26 组成 +12V +5Y 欠压采样电路, 由 IC 2C 组 成 过压采样电路, 经 Rifl D6 Q5(图 15) 执行 +12V和 +Π 的欠、 过 压保护。
H>. 控制:
条件: 由于计算机越来越广泛地应用于各种通讯和自动控制设备 中, 因此要求电脑在无人操作时亦可以自动接收, 处理信息。 而在无 人搡作时, 显视器可以不工作, 但要求在没有交流时亦可以由 USPS电 池能量来持电脑工作。
如果有 AC, 主机将开机进入正常工作。 如果无 AC (交流停电), 因内部有电池提供能量, 同样可使主机开关正常工作, 在此种情况 下, 只开主机不开显示器, 使达节能目的。 接收或处理信息完毕后, 将自动关闭主机。
本控制电路以两路决定工作状态:
1.以搡作者是否开机搡作为一路。
当 S W1 ( 505 )在 ON状态, US P S 智能开关模块自动封锁, FAX自动开机 卡送来自动开关机信号, 主机及显示器正常工作, 并具备 UPS 功 能。
2.当搡作者关断主开关 后, 本电源装置处于无人守值等待 状态。 如果经门 GIl(5(l(i)进来信号电平 (5VDC- YDC), 即可经 R17 使 Q0(M导通致令主控回路工作, 此刻, 如果 AC(ldO) 正常, 主机进入正 常工作, 如果 AC(IOO) 不正常亦可由电池提供能: £, 令主机启动正常 工作。
八> 经电话线由传真电子邮件控制, 参见图 (6)
电路原理: 线路振铃信号经振铃采样 ( 102),变压器隔离 ( 6103), 由启动电路 ( 00)给出开机的高电平信号,此信号再由 USPS内部智,能 开关输入到或门电路 GI(506),启动 USPS。 USPS启动后, 其 +5V(i 500 ) 开始为控制电路提供 +5V 工作电压。 在振铃期间, 关机驱动电路
(ί< )不执行关机。 当自动运行软件执行 "提起听简"步骤后进入接 收过程, 此时, 关机驱动电路 不执行关机。 当 FAX 过程完毕挂 机后, "挂听筒"信号检测电路 (ί Ι)检出挂听简信号,经关机延时电 路 延迟设定的一段时间后, 产生已隔离的关机信号, 由控制电 路 关机。 本电路中, 市话线路于控制电路由变压器实现完备的光电磁电隔 离, 消除了巿话与计算机之间的相互干扰。
以上借助于实施例详细地说明了本发明 , 但并不局限于这些 实例, 本领域的技术人员完全可以在不脱离本发明 的构思情况下 实现一些改变, 但没有脱离所附权利要求的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1 .一种智能能量互补在线式不间断开关电源装置, 包括由输入保 护电路、 EMI 滤波电路、 桥式整流电路和低通滤波电路顺序组成的高 压输入部分; 由电地组构成的低压输入部分; 一脉宽调控电路; 一主 功率变压器; 由整流滤波电路构成的低压直流输出部分; 高压输出转 换电路; 其中, 输入保护电路的输出与高压输出转换电路的输入直接 连接起来构成 AC高压输出回路; 其特征在于, 还包括:
一高压回路, 由一高压开关连接于所述低通滤波器和所述主功率 变压器之间构成, 所述高压开关在所述脉宽调控电路的控制下, 将所 述低通滤波器高压输出直流送到主功率变压器, 以供低压输出;
一低压回路, 由主功率变压器经一充电保护电路与所述电池组连 接起来而构成, 用于在交流电压正常 (在一予定范围内) 时, 向所述 电地组充电;
一低压放电回路, 由一低压开关连接于所述电地组和所述主功率 变压器之间构成, 该低压开关在所述脉宽调控电路控制下, 与所述高 压开关同步工作, 在所述交流电压低于一预定值时, 从所述电池组向 所述主功率变压器放电;
一高压直流输出回路, 由所述主动率变压器的初级高压绕组、 一 高压整流电路、 所述低通滤器和所述高压输出转换部分顺序连接构 成, 用于提供高压直流输出;
一控制电路, 根据操作员的指令或本电源装置的状态信号、 由开 关和智能逻辑控制的模块组成的控制电路, 用于控制所述电源的工作 状况。
2.根据本 发明 的一个实施例, 所述不间断开关电源装置, 还 6/07962
包括一远程通讯控制模块, 该远程控制模块, 与所述控制电路相连接 , 根据电话线路的信号或时间控制信号或其他信号来启动或停止所述 电源开关装置的工作。
3 .根据权利要求 2 的不间断开关电源装置, 其特征在于, 所述远 程控制模块包括; 成串联相接的过压保护部分、 铃振采样部分、 隔离 电路和启动电路, 启动电路产生开机高电平信号启动所述不间斷开关 电源装置, 还包括一 "挂听简 "信号检测电路, 响应于检出的 "挂听 筒"信号, 经一延时关机电路延时的信号通过一光电隔部分、 关机驱 动部分和控制电路, 使所述开关电源关机。
4.根据权利要求 1 的不间断开关电源装置, 其特征在于, 所述控 制模块是由时钟控制的。
PCT/CN1994/000103 1994-09-10 1994-12-19 Dispositif a alimentation electrique sans coupure, en ligne, a alimentation complementaire et intelligent WO1996007962A1 (fr)

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