WO1996007069A1 - Fluidised bed device for drying products with a strong tendency to agglomerate and use of said device - Google Patents

Fluidised bed device for drying products with a strong tendency to agglomerate and use of said device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996007069A1
WO1996007069A1 PCT/EP1995/003267 EP9503267W WO9607069A1 WO 1996007069 A1 WO1996007069 A1 WO 1996007069A1 EP 9503267 W EP9503267 W EP 9503267W WO 9607069 A1 WO9607069 A1 WO 9607069A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluidized bed
bed apparatus
plate
granules
base
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1995/003267
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jan Van Den Meersche
Bernd Larson
Original Assignee
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien filed Critical Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Publication of WO1996007069A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996007069A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/082—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed arrangements of devices for distributing fluidising gas, e.g. grids, nozzles

Definitions

  • Fluid bed apparatus for drying products with strong agolomization and using the apparatus
  • the invention relates to a fluidized bed apparatus for products with a strong tendency to agglomerate, which has a substantially horizontal bottom and an inlet and an outlet for the product.
  • the outlet for the product is also referred to below as the product outlet.
  • the fluidizing gas flows upwards through openings in the floor.
  • Fluidized bed apparatus are used for a variety of processes, e.g. B. for drying, moistening, heating, cooling, sublimation, desublimation, absorbing, desorbing and coating. Fluidized bed drying is of greatest importance, which is often used because of the high temperature constancy of the fluidized bed, if the solid is to be dried as gently and evenly as possible.
  • the present invention relates in particular to a fluidized bed apparatus provided for drying and cooling granules.
  • annular openings are covered by circular disks which are mounted on the floor via spacer disks.
  • the fluidizing gas which usually consists of air, flows through the annular openings into the gap formed between the base and the plates and from there radially outwards. If the fluidized bed apparatus is operated with such an inflow base, the nozzles are not clogged, but an increased formation of agglomerates is found.
  • the agglomerates which do not correspond to the desired grain size have to be sieved out and thus represent a proportion of the product which can only be used after further treatment, for example grinding and recycling.
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26)
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of significantly reducing the proportion of agglomerates in a fluidized bed apparatus of the type mentioned at the outset and also substantially reducing the caking of the product and in particular the clogging of the openings in the inflow floor.
  • the invention should also be able to be implemented by simple, quick and inexpensive retrofitting of known fluidized bed apparatuses.
  • openings in the floor are covered by essentially horizontal plates which lie above and at a distance from the floor and have, at least on average, flow characteristics directed towards the product outlet.
  • the inflow base is therefore equipped with plate nozzles, which, in contrast to the prior art, preferably let the fluidizing gas flow in the direction of the product outlet.
  • the plates covering the openings in the inflow floor prevent the openings from becoming blocked.
  • the growth of agglomerates produced in previous process steps is reduced. An increase in these larger particles, such as lumps and school pen, by rolling in product debris only occurs to a very limited extent since the residence time of larger product particles in the fluidized bed is greatly reduced. On the other hand, due to the shorter dwell time, the formation of new agglomerates is considerably reduced.
  • the invention can be used both for inflow floors with and without vibration promotion. Even without the promotion of vibrations, the agglomerates introduced from upstream process stages are quickly transported to the product outlet. Since they cannot increase significantly with the short residence time achieved according to the invention, they are sufficiently fluidized and discharged with the rest of the product stream.
  • the uniform distribution of the fluidizing gas over the inflow floor over the long term allows the required amounts of fluidizing gas and heating energy to be reduced.
  • the dryer can be completely emptied at the end of production without any cleaning effort.
  • At least part of the half of the gap between the plate and the floor facing away from the product outlet is preferably filled with a body and thus closed.
  • the gap at the corresponding part of the plate circumference is closed, so that the filler is flush with the plate rim.
  • the corresponding part of the gap between the plate and the bottom is filled with a sheet metal, which is preferably fixed in position with the fastening element for the plate.
  • the sheet has the shape of a semicircle.
  • the cleaning of the inflow floor is only necessary at relatively large intervals.
  • the inflow floor In the case of the fluidized bed apparatus used on an industrial scale, the inflow floor must be entered by the cleaning staff. Bending of the nozzle plate and deformation of its fastenings with the consequence of irregular gap widths and an uneven air distribution can be avoided if the sheet metal between the inflow floor and the plate projects a tongue protruding into the unfilled part of the gap. points, the thickness of which is equal to the sheet thickness. The tongue supports the plate in the area of the air outlet gap against mechanical loads.
  • the invention further consists in the use of the fluidized bed apparatus mentioned for drying and / or cooling sticky granules, which tend to form agglomerates, in particular granules which are active in washing and cleaning. Due to their surfactant content, these granules are particularly prone to agglomerate formation and caking.
  • the fluidized bed apparatus according to the invention is particularly suitable for drying and / or cooling granules which are a non-surfactant liquid component and surfactants or surfactants from the group of anionic, nonionic, amphoteric and cationic surfactants, preferably anionic surfactants, in particular fatty alkyl sulfates, C9- C13-alkylbenzenesulfonates and sulfofatty acid methyl esters, and / or nonionic surfactants, in particular liquid ethoxylated fatty alcohols containing 2 to 8 ethylene oxide groups per mole of alcohol.
  • anionic surfactants in particular fatty alkyl sulfates, C9- C13-alkylbenzenesulfonates and sulfofatty acid methyl esters
  • nonionic surfactants in particular liquid ethoxylated fatty alcohols containing 2 to 8 ethylene oxide groups per mole of alcohol.
  • the fluidized bed apparatus In a further use of the fluidized bed apparatus according to the invention, it is used for drying and / or cooling compacted granules which are used in detergents and cleaning agents and which are produced from a premix by extrusion and division of the extruded strand to the desired granule size have been.
  • Such granules are described in more detail, for example, in WO 91/02047.
  • the granules are extruded from homogeneous premixes with the addition of a plasticizer and / or lubricant through hole shapes with opening widths of the predetermined granule dimension at high pressures between 25 and 200 bar.
  • the strand After exiting the hole shape, the strand is cut to the predetermined granule size by means of a cutting device. After rounding off the edges in a rounding device, the granules are adjusted to the desired residual water content in a fluidized bed dryer. The granules can then be cooled in the fluidized bed apparatus.
  • the fluidized bed apparatus according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in this process.
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) rounded extrudates contain a proportion of larger agglomerates in the form of lumps and slugs formed in the previous process stages. It is particularly important in the process that the agglomerates introduced into the fluidized bed dryer do not continue to grow.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of the inflow floor according to the invention with a plate nozzle in a perspective view.
  • the floor was converted according to the invention.
  • a plate 1 is fastened on the inflow base 2 with a screw 3.
  • the inflow base 2 has two half-ring-shaped openings 4 below the plate 1, of which one opening 4 can be seen in FIG.
  • the other opening is covered by a molded sheet 5 lying between the inflow base 2 and the plate 1.
  • the Form ⁇ sheet 5 is held by the same screw 3 and pressed by the plate 1 against the inflow floor. It has the shape of a semicircle with a tongue 6 protruding outwards.
  • the shaped sheet 5 fulfills three tasks. On the one hand, it serves as a spacer in order to ensure a fixed distance between the plate 1 and the inflow base 2. In the case of the retrofit of the inflow floor mentioned, the semicircular part of the shaped plate also covers the half-ring-shaped opening in the inflow floor, which is not visible in FIG. A newly made floor would of course only have the semi-ring-shaped opening visible in FIG. 1, but not the covered opening. In both cases, the same shaped sheet is used to protect the gap from caking and clogging.
  • the third task of the shaped plate is the mechanical stabilization of the plate and the screw 3 by the tongue
  • the fluidizing air emerges in the direction of the arrows 7 from the gap formed by the plate 1 and the inflow base 2.
  • the resultant of the flows points approximately to the product outlet not shown in FIG. 1.
  • the spacer provided in the known inflow floor between plate 1 and inflow floor 2 must be removed and the shaped plate 5 placed in its place. It is so aligned that the tongue 6 points in the direction of the product outlet. It is not necessary for the tongue 6 of each shaped plate 5 to be aligned exactly in this direction, as long as it is ensured that the flows emerging from the plate nozzles are directed towards the product outlet on average.
  • a zigzag or meandering flow field can be provided above the inflow floor in order to prevent the granules which are fed in when the fluidized bed apparatus is started from shooting through directly from the inlet to the outlet without a sufficient dwell time.

Abstract

The fluidised bed device has a substantially horizontal base (2) and an inlet and an outlet for the product, whereby during operation the fluidisation gas flows upwards from below through apertures (4) in the base (2). The apertures (4) in the base (2) are covered by substantially horizontal plates (1) having plate nozzles above the base and spaced from them and a flow characteristic directed towards the product outlet, at least in average. The proportion of agglomerates is considerably reduced. The caking of the product and especially the blockage of the apertures in the inflow base are substantially reduced. Prior art fluidised bed devices can be converted easily, rapidly and economically.

Description

Wirbelschichtapparat zum Trocknen von Produkten mit starker Aqolomera- tionsneiqunq und Verwendung des ApparatsFluid bed apparatus for drying products with strong agolomization and using the apparatus
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wirbelschichtapparat für Produkte mit starker Agglomerationsneigung, der einen im wesentlichen horizontalen Boden sowie einen Einlaß und einen Auslaß für das Produkt aufweist. Der Auslaß für das Produkt wird im folgenden auch als Produktauslauf bezeichnet. Im Betrieb strömt das Fluidisierungsgas von unten durch Öffnungen im Boden nach oben.The invention relates to a fluidized bed apparatus for products with a strong tendency to agglomerate, which has a substantially horizontal bottom and an inlet and an outlet for the product. The outlet for the product is also referred to below as the product outlet. In operation, the fluidizing gas flows upwards through openings in the floor.
Wirbelschichtapparate werden für eine Vielzahl von Verfahren, z. B. zum Trocknen, Befeuchten, Erwärmen, Abkühlen, Sublimieren, Desublimieren, Ab¬ sorbieren, Desorbieren und Beschichten eingesetzt. Die größte Bedeutung hat dabei die Wirbelschichttrocknung, die wegen der hohen Temperaturkon¬ stanz der Wirbelschicht gerne verwendet wird, wenn eine möglichst schonen¬ de und gleichmäßige Trocknung des Feststoffes anzustreben ist. Die vor¬ liegende Erfindung betrifft insbesondere einen für die Trocknung und Küh¬ lung von Granulaten vorgesehenen Wirbelschichtapparat.Fluidized bed apparatus are used for a variety of processes, e.g. B. for drying, moistening, heating, cooling, sublimation, desublimation, absorbing, desorbing and coating. Fluidized bed drying is of greatest importance, which is often used because of the high temperature constancy of the fluidized bed, if the solid is to be dried as gently and evenly as possible. The present invention relates in particular to a fluidized bed apparatus provided for drying and cooling granules.
Bei der Durchführung der Verfahren treten jedoch Probleme bei Produkten mit starker Agglomerationsneigung auf. Dazu zählen tensidreiche Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel. Insbesondere bei der Trocknung von Tensiden und tensid- haltigen Granulaten werden Anbackungen beobachtet, die zu Störungen führen und einen erhöhten Reinigungsaufwand für den Apparat erfordern. Bei diesen Produkten ist die bei niedrigen Trocknungstemperaturen auftretende Kle¬ brigkeit durch den erhöhten Restwassergehalt bedingt. Bei höheren Trock¬ nungstemperaturen dagegen erweicht das Granulat an seiner Oberfläche. Die klebrigen Partikel backen zu immer größeren Agglomeraten zusammen, die den Produktauslauf sowie die Öffnungen im Anströmboden verstopfen, dort an¬ backen und zu Störungen des Betriebs führen. Eine ungleichmäßige Vertei¬ lung des Fluidisierungsgases über dem Anströmboden ist die Folge. Da der Wärme- und StoffÜbergang in der Wirbelschicht im wesentlichen von der Luft¬ verteilung bestimmt wird, ist es im Stand der Technik erforderlich, den Anströmboden in relativ kurzen Zeitabständen von den Agglomeraten und An¬ backungen zu reinigen.However, problems with products with a strong tendency to agglomerate occur when the processes are carried out. These include detergent and cleaning agents rich in surfactants. Caking, which leads to malfunctions, is observed in particular when drying tensides and granules containing surfactants and require an increased cleaning effort for the apparatus. In these products, the stickiness which occurs at low drying temperatures is due to the increased residual water content. At higher drying temperatures, however, the surface of the granules softens. The sticky particles bake together to form ever larger agglomerates, which clog the product outlet and the openings in the inflow floor, bake there and lead to malfunctions in operation. The result is an uneven distribution of the fluidizing gas over the inflow floor. Since the heat and mass transfer in the fluidized bed is essentially determined by the air distribution, it is necessary in the prior art to clean the inflow floor from the agglomerates and caking in relatively short time intervals.
Auch der Einsatz eines bekannten Anströmbodens mit einer gerichteten Strö¬ mungscharakteristik führt nicht zu einer Lösung dieser Probleme. Ein der¬ artiger Boden mit nasenlochartigen Luftaustritten ist unter dem Handels¬ namen "Conidur Feinblech" bekannt. Hier werden die Partikel in den boden¬ nahen Zonen etwa unter einem Winkel von 20° gegen die Horizontale schräg angeströmt, was eine gezielte Förderung der Partikel in diesem Bereich zur Folge hat. Die klebrigen Teilchen werden zwar ausgetragen, bevor sie zu größeren Agglomeraten zusammenbacken können, aber die feinteiligen Par¬ tikel, die insbesondere aus Produktabrieb bestehen, backen an den Öffnun¬ gen des Bodens an und setzen sie zu.Even the use of a known inflow floor with a directional flow characteristic does not lead to a solution to these problems. Such a floor with nostril-like air outlets is known under the trade name "Conidur thin sheet". Here, the particles in the zones near the floor are flowed at at an angle of approximately 20 ° to the horizontal, which results in a targeted conveyance of the particles in this area. The sticky particles are discharged before they can cake together to form larger agglomerates, but the fine-particle particles, which consist in particular of product debris, stick to the openings in the floor and clog them.
Auch ein Anströmboden mit an sich bekannten Tellerdüsen beseitigt die ge¬ nannten Schwierigkeiten nicht. Hier sind ringförmige Öffnungen von kreis¬ förmigen Scheiben überdeckt, die über Distanzscheiben am Boden montiert sind. Das Fluidisierungsgas, das in der Regel aus Luft besteht, strömt durch die ringförmigen Öffnungen in den zwischen dem Boden und den Tellern gebildeten Spalt und von dort radial nach außen. Wird der Wirbelschicht- apparat mit einem derartigen Anströmboden betrieben, so werden die Düsen zwar nicht verstopft, aber eine verstärkte Agglo eratbildung wird festge¬ stellt. Die nicht der gewünschten Korngröße entsprechenden Agglomerate müssen ausgesiebt werden und stellen damit einen Produktanteil dar, der erst nach weiterer Behandlung, zum Beispiel Aufmahlen und Rückführen ver¬ wertet werden kann.Even an inflow floor with plate nozzles known per se does not eliminate the difficulties mentioned. Here, annular openings are covered by circular disks which are mounted on the floor via spacer disks. The fluidizing gas, which usually consists of air, flows through the annular openings into the gap formed between the base and the plates and from there radially outwards. If the fluidized bed apparatus is operated with such an inflow base, the nozzles are not clogged, but an increased formation of agglomerates is found. The agglomerates which do not correspond to the desired grain size have to be sieved out and thus represent a proportion of the product which can only be used after further treatment, for example grinding and recycling.
ERSATZBLAπ(REGEL26) Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Wirbelschicht¬ apparat der eingangs genannten Art sowohl den Anteil an Agglomeraten er¬ heblich herabzusetzen als auch das Anbacken des Produktes und insbesondere das Verstopfen der Öffnungen im Anströmboden wesentlich zu verringern. Die Erfindung soll außerdem durch ein einfaches, schnelles und kostengünstiges Umrüsten bekannter Wirbelschichtapparate realisiert werden können.REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26) The invention is therefore based on the object of significantly reducing the proportion of agglomerates in a fluidized bed apparatus of the type mentioned at the outset and also substantially reducing the caking of the product and in particular the clogging of the openings in the inflow floor. The invention should also be able to be implemented by simple, quick and inexpensive retrofitting of known fluidized bed apparatuses.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Öffnungen im Boden durch im wesentlichen horizontale Teller abgedeckt sind, die ober¬ halb des Bodens und im Abstand zu diesem liegen und eine, zumindest im Mittel, zum Produktauslauf gerichtete Strömungscharakteristik haben.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the openings in the floor are covered by essentially horizontal plates which lie above and at a distance from the floor and have, at least on average, flow characteristics directed towards the product outlet.
Erfindungsgemäß ist der Anströmboden daher mit Tellerdüsen ausgestattet, die jedoch im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik das Fluidisierungsgas be¬ vorzugt in Richtung des Produktauslaufs strömen lassen. Die die Öffnungen im Anströmboden bedeckenden Teller verhindern ein Verstopfen der Öff¬ nungen. Das Wachstum von in vorhergehenden Verfahrensstufen erzeugten Agglomeraten wird vermindert. Ein Anwachsen dieser größeren Teilchen, wie Klumpen und Schulpen, durch Einrollen von Produktabrieb tritt nur noch in sehr begrenztem Umfang auf, da die Verweilzeit größerer Produktpartikel in der Wirbelschicht stark herabgesetzt wird. Andererseits wird aufgrund der kürzeren Verweilzeit auch die Neubildung von Agglomeraten erheblich herab¬ gesetzt.According to the invention, the inflow base is therefore equipped with plate nozzles, which, in contrast to the prior art, preferably let the fluidizing gas flow in the direction of the product outlet. The plates covering the openings in the inflow floor prevent the openings from becoming blocked. The growth of agglomerates produced in previous process steps is reduced. An increase in these larger particles, such as lumps and school pen, by rolling in product debris only occurs to a very limited extent since the residence time of larger product particles in the fluidized bed is greatly reduced. On the other hand, due to the shorter dwell time, the formation of new agglomerates is considerably reduced.
Die Erfindung läßt sich sowohl für Anströmböden mit als auch ohne Vibra¬ tionsförderung einsetzen. Auch ohne Vibrationsförderung werden die aus vorgeschalteten Verfahrensstufen eingebrachten Agglo erate rasch zum Pro¬ duktauslauf transportiert. Da sie bei der erfindungsgemäß erreichten ge¬ ringen Verweilzeit nicht wesentlich anwachsen können, werden sie in aus¬ reichendem Maße fluidisiert und mit dem übrigen Produktstrom ausgetragen.The invention can be used both for inflow floors with and without vibration promotion. Even without the promotion of vibrations, the agglomerates introduced from upstream process stages are quickly transported to the product outlet. Since they cannot increase significantly with the short residence time achieved according to the invention, they are sufficiently fluidized and discharged with the rest of the product stream.
Bestehende Anlagen können erfindungsgemäß auf einfache, schnelle und kostengünstige Weise durch Änderungen an den Tellerdüsen umgerüstet wer¬ den, indem ein Ausströmen von Fluidisierungsgas in vom Produktauslauf weg¬ führende Richtungen verhindert wird. Diese Änderung der Strömungscharakte¬ ristik kann dabei auf unterschiedliche konstruktive Weise erfolgen. Es ist nicht notwendig, daß sämtliche Anteile des Fluidisierungsgases genau in Richtung auf den Produktauslaß hin ausströmen. Es reicht aus, wenn die austretenden Strömungen im Mittel auf den Produktauslauf gerichtet sind.Existing systems can be converted according to the invention in a simple, quick and cost-effective manner by changes to the plate nozzles by preventing fluidizing gas from flowing out in directions leading away from the product outlet. This change in the flow characteristics can take place in different constructive ways. It is it is not necessary for all parts of the fluidizing gas to flow precisely in the direction of the product outlet. It is sufficient if the emerging currents are directed towards the product outlet.
Die auf Dauer gleichmäßige Verteilung des Fluidisierungsgases über dem An¬ strömboden erlaubt ein Absenken der benötigten Mengen an Fluidisierungsgas und Heizenergie. Außerdem kann der Trockner bei Produktionsende ohne Reini¬ gungsaufwand vollständig entleert werden.The uniform distribution of the fluidizing gas over the inflow floor over the long term allows the required amounts of fluidizing gas and heating energy to be reduced. In addition, the dryer can be completely emptied at the end of production without any cleaning effort.
Vorzugsweise ist zumindest ein Teil der vom Produktauslauf abgewandten Hälfte des Spalts zwischen dem Teller und dem Boden mit einem Körper aus¬ gefüllt und damit geschlossen. Insbesondere ist dabei der Spalt am ent¬ sprechenden Teil des Tellerumfangs geschlossen, so daß der Füllkörper mit dem Tellerrand bündig abschließt. Es existieren keine Nischen und Spalten in diesem Bereich, die das Anbacken der klebrigen Partikel begünstigen.At least part of the half of the gap between the plate and the floor facing away from the product outlet is preferably filled with a body and thus closed. In particular, the gap at the corresponding part of the plate circumference is closed, so that the filler is flush with the plate rim. There are no niches and gaps in this area that favor the sticking of the sticky particles.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsfoπn ist der entsprechende Teil des Spaltes zwischen dem Teller und dem Boden durch ein Blech ausgefüllt, daß vorzugsweise mit dem Befestigungselement für den Teller in seiner Lage fixiert ist.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the corresponding part of the gap between the plate and the bottom is filled with a sheet metal, which is preferably fixed in position with the fastening element for the plate.
Vorhandene Böden mit Tellerdüsen können auf einfache Weise umgerüstet wer¬ den, indem die zwischen Teller und Boden angebrachten Distanzscheiben durch diese Bleche ersetzt werden, die einen Teil des Querschnittes der Düsenspalte verschließen.Existing floors with plate nozzles can be converted in a simple manner by replacing the spacer disks attached between plate and floor by these plates, which close part of the cross section of the nozzle gaps.
Insbesondere hat das Blech die Form eines Halbkreises.In particular, the sheet has the shape of a semicircle.
Beim Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Wirbelschichtapparates ist die Reini¬ gung des Anströmbodens nur noch in relativ großen Zeitabständen notwendig. Bei den im industriellen Maßstab eingesetzten Wirbelschichtapparaten muß dazu der Anströmboden vom Reinigungspersonal betreten werden. Ein Ver¬ biegen der Düsenteller und ein Deformieren ihrer Befestigungen mit der Folge unregelmäßiger Spaltbreiten und einer ungleichmäßigen Luftverteilung läßt sich vermeiden, wenn das Blech zwischen dem Anströmboden und den Teller eine in den nicht ausgefüllten Teil des Spalts ragende Zunge auf- weist, deren Dicke gleich der Blechstärke ist. Die Zunge stützt den Teller im Bereich des Luftaustrittsspaltes gegenüber mechanischen Belastungen.When using the fluidized bed apparatus according to the invention, the cleaning of the inflow floor is only necessary at relatively large intervals. In the case of the fluidized bed apparatus used on an industrial scale, the inflow floor must be entered by the cleaning staff. Bending of the nozzle plate and deformation of its fastenings with the consequence of irregular gap widths and an uneven air distribution can be avoided if the sheet metal between the inflow floor and the plate projects a tongue protruding into the unfilled part of the gap. points, the thickness of which is equal to the sheet thickness. The tongue supports the plate in the area of the air outlet gap against mechanical loads.
Die Erfindung besteht weiterhin in der Verwendung des genannten Wirbel¬ schichtapparats zum Trocknen und/oder Kühlen von klebrigen und zur Agglo- eratbildung neigenden Granulaten, insbesondere von wasch- und reinigungs¬ aktiven Granulaten. Diese Granulate neigen aufgrund ihres Tensidgehaltes besonders stark zur Agglomeratbildung und zum Anbacken.The invention further consists in the use of the fluidized bed apparatus mentioned for drying and / or cooling sticky granules, which tend to form agglomerates, in particular granules which are active in washing and cleaning. Due to their surfactant content, these granules are particularly prone to agglomerate formation and caking.
Der erfindungsgemäße Wirbelschichtapparat ist besonders geeignet zum Trocknen und/oder Kühlen von Granulaten, die eine nicht-tensidische Flüssigkomponente und Tenside bzw. Tensidge ische aus der Gruppe der anionischen, nichtionischen, amphoteren und kationischen Tenside, vor¬ zugsweise Aniontenside, insbesondere Fettalkylsulfate, C9-C13-Alkylben- zolsulfonate und Sulfofettsäuremethylester, und/oder Niotenside, ins¬ besondere flüssige ethoxylierte Fettalkohole mit 2 bis 8 Ethylenoxid- gruppen pro Mol Alkohol, enthalten.The fluidized bed apparatus according to the invention is particularly suitable for drying and / or cooling granules which are a non-surfactant liquid component and surfactants or surfactants from the group of anionic, nonionic, amphoteric and cationic surfactants, preferably anionic surfactants, in particular fatty alkyl sulfates, C9- C13-alkylbenzenesulfonates and sulfofatty acid methyl esters, and / or nonionic surfactants, in particular liquid ethoxylated fatty alcohols containing 2 to 8 ethylene oxide groups per mole of alcohol.
In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung des genannten Wirbel- Schichtapparats wird er zum Trocknen und/oder Kühlen von verdichteten Granulaten benutzt, die in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln eingesetzt werden und die aus einem Vorgemisch durch Extrusion und Zerteilung des extru- dierten Strangs auf die gewünschte Granulatdimension hergestellt worden sind. Derartige Granulate werden zum Beispiel in der WO 91/02047 näher beschrieben. Die Granulate werden aus homogenen Vorgemischen unter Zusatz eines Plastifizier- und/oder Gleitmittels über Lochformen mit Öffnungs¬ weiten der vorbestimmten Granulatdimension bei hohen Drücken zwischen 25 und 200 bar strangförmig verpreßt. Der Strang wird nach Austritt aus der Lochform mittels einer Schneidevorrichtung auf die vorbestiππtite Granulat¬ dimension zugeschnitten. Nach einer Abrundung der Kanten in einem Rondier- gerät werden die Granulate in einem Wirbelschichttrockner auf den ge¬ wünschten Restwassergehalt eingestellt. Danach kann eine Kühlung der Granulate im Wirbelschichtapparat erfolgen.In a further use of the fluidized bed apparatus according to the invention, it is used for drying and / or cooling compacted granules which are used in detergents and cleaning agents and which are produced from a premix by extrusion and division of the extruded strand to the desired granule size have been. Such granules are described in more detail, for example, in WO 91/02047. The granules are extruded from homogeneous premixes with the addition of a plasticizer and / or lubricant through hole shapes with opening widths of the predetermined granule dimension at high pressures between 25 and 200 bar. After exiting the hole shape, the strand is cut to the predetermined granule size by means of a cutting device. After rounding off the edges in a rounding device, the granules are adjusted to the desired residual water content in a fluidized bed dryer. The granules can then be cooled in the fluidized bed apparatus.
Der erfindungsgemäße WirbelSchichtapparat läßt sich besonders vorteilhaft in diesem Verfahren einsetzen. Die dem Wirbelschichttrockner zugeführtenThe fluidized bed apparatus according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in this process. The fed to the fluid bed dryer
ERSATZBLAπ(REGEL26) verrundeten Extrudate enthalten nämlich einen Anteil von größeren, in den vorhergehenden Verfahrensstufen entstandene Agglomerate in Form von Klum¬ pen und Schülpen. In dem Verfahren ist es besonders wichtig, daß die in den Wirbelschichttrockner eingebrachten Agglo erate nicht noch weiter an¬ wachsen.REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26) rounded extrudates contain a proportion of larger agglomerates in the form of lumps and slugs formed in the previous process stages. It is particularly important in the process that the agglomerates introduced into the fluidized bed dryer do not continue to grow.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert, die einen Ausschnitt aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Anströmboden mit einer Tellerdüse in perspektivischer Darstellung zeigt. Der Boden wurde entsprechend der Erfindung umgerüstet. Ein Teller 1 ist auf dem Anström¬ boden 2 mit einer Schraube 3 befestigt. Der Anströmboden 2 hat unterhalb des Tellers 1 zwei halbringförmige Öffnungen 4, von denen die eine Öffnung 4 in Figur 1 erkennbar ist. Die andere Öffnung wird durch ein zwischen dem Anströmboden 2 und dem Teller 1 liegendes Formblech 5 abgedeckt. Das Form¬ blech 5 wird von der gleichen Schraube 3 gehalten und vom Teller 1 gegen den Anströmboden gepreßt. Es hat die Form eines Halbkreises mit einer ra¬ dial nach außen ragenden Zunge 6.An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing, which shows a section of the inflow floor according to the invention with a plate nozzle in a perspective view. The floor was converted according to the invention. A plate 1 is fastened on the inflow base 2 with a screw 3. The inflow base 2 has two half-ring-shaped openings 4 below the plate 1, of which one opening 4 can be seen in FIG. The other opening is covered by a molded sheet 5 lying between the inflow base 2 and the plate 1. The Form¬ sheet 5 is held by the same screw 3 and pressed by the plate 1 against the inflow floor. It has the shape of a semicircle with a tongue 6 protruding outwards.
Das Formblech 5 erfüllt drei Aufgaben. Zum einen dient es als Distanz¬ stück, um einen festen Abstand des Tellers 1 vom Anströmboden 2 zu gewähr¬ leisten. Im Fall der genannten Nachrüstung des Anströmbodens deckt der halbkreisförmige Teil des Formblechs zum anderen die halbringförmige, in Figur 1 nicht sichtbare Öffnung im Anströmboden ab. Ein neu angefertigter Boden würde natürlich nur die in Figur 1 sichtbare halbringförmige Öff¬ nung, nicht aber die abgedeckte Öffnung aufweisen. In beiden Fällen wird das gleiche Formblech eingesetzt, um den Spalt vor Anbackungen und vor Verstopfung zu schützen. Die dritte Aufgabe des Formblechs besteht in der mechanischen Stabilisierung des Tellers und der Schraube 3 durch die ZungeThe shaped sheet 5 fulfills three tasks. On the one hand, it serves as a spacer in order to ensure a fixed distance between the plate 1 and the inflow base 2. In the case of the retrofit of the inflow floor mentioned, the semicircular part of the shaped plate also covers the half-ring-shaped opening in the inflow floor, which is not visible in FIG. A newly made floor would of course only have the semi-ring-shaped opening visible in FIG. 1, but not the covered opening. In both cases, the same shaped sheet is used to protect the gap from caking and clogging. The third task of the shaped plate is the mechanical stabilization of the plate and the screw 3 by the tongue
Im Betrieb tritt die Fluidisierungsluft in Richtung der Pfeile 7 aus dem durch den Teller 1 und dem Anströmboden 2 gebildeten Spalt aus. Die Resul¬ tierende der Strömungen zeigt in etwa auf den in Figur 1 nicht dargestell¬ ten Produktauslauf. Zum Umrüsten bestehender Anlagen ist das bei bekannten Anströmboden zwischen Teller 1 und dem Anströmboden 2 vorgesehene Distanzstück zu ent¬ fernen und das Formblech 5 an dessen Stelle zu setzen. Es wird so ausge¬ richtet, daß die Zunge 6 in Richtung auf den Produktauslauf zeigt. Dabei ist es nicht notwendig, daß die Zunge 6 jedes Formblechs 5 exakt in diese Richtung ausgerichtet ist, solange sichergestellt ist, daß die aus den Tellerdüsen austretenden Strömungen im Mittel auf den Produktauslauf ge¬ richtet sind. Zum Beispiel kann ein Zickzack- oder mäanderförmiges Strömungsfeld über dem Anströmboden vorgesehen sein, um zu verhindern, daß die beim Anfahren des Wirbelschichtapparats eingespeisten Granulate vom Zulauf direkt zum Auslauf ohne ausreichende Verweilzeit durchschießen. In operation, the fluidizing air emerges in the direction of the arrows 7 from the gap formed by the plate 1 and the inflow base 2. The resultant of the flows points approximately to the product outlet not shown in FIG. 1. To convert existing systems, the spacer provided in the known inflow floor between plate 1 and inflow floor 2 must be removed and the shaped plate 5 placed in its place. It is so aligned that the tongue 6 points in the direction of the product outlet. It is not necessary for the tongue 6 of each shaped plate 5 to be aligned exactly in this direction, as long as it is ensured that the flows emerging from the plate nozzles are directed towards the product outlet on average. For example, a zigzag or meandering flow field can be provided above the inflow floor in order to prevent the granules which are fed in when the fluidized bed apparatus is started from shooting through directly from the inlet to the outlet without a sufficient dwell time.
B e z u g s z e i c h e n l i s t eB e z u g s z e i c h e n l i s t e
Teller Anströmboden Schraube. Öffnung Formblech Zunge Pfeile Plate flow plate screw. Opening shaped sheet tongue arrows

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Wirbelschichtapparat für Produkte mit starker Agglomerationsneigung, der einen im wesentlichen horizontalen Boden (2) sowie einen Einlaß und einen Auslaß für das Produkt (Produktauslauf) aufweist, wobei im Be¬ trieb das Fluidisierungsgas von unten durch Öffnungen (4) im Boden (2) nach oben strömt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen (4) im Boden (2) durch im wesentlichen horizontale Teller (1) abgedeckt sind, die oberhalb des Bodens (2) und im Abstand zu diesem liegen (Teller¬ düsen) und eine, zumindest im Mittel, zum Produktauslauf gerichtete Strömungscharakteristik haben.1. Fluidized bed apparatus for products with a strong tendency to agglomerate, which has an essentially horizontal bottom (2) and an inlet and an outlet for the product (product outlet), the fluidizing gas being operated from below through openings (4) in the bottom (2 ) flows upwards, characterized in that the openings (4) in the base (2) are covered by essentially horizontal plates (1) which are above the base (2) and at a distance from it (plate nozzles) and one , at least on average, have flow characteristics directed towards the product outlet.
2. Wirbelschichtapparat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zu¬ mindest ein Teil der vom Produktauslauf abgewandten Hälfte des Spalts zwischen dem Teller (1) und dem Boden (2) mit einem Körper (5) ausge¬ füllt und damit geschlossen ist.2. Fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the half of the gap between the plate (1) and the bottom (2) facing away from the product outlet is filled with a body (5) and is thus closed.
3. Wirbelschichtapparat nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß der Spalt am entsprechenden Teil des Tellerumfangs ge¬ schlossen ist.3. Fluidized bed apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the gap on the corresponding part of the plate circumference is closed ge.
4. Wirbelschichtapparat nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der entsprechende Teil des Spaltes durch ein Blech (5) ausgefüllt ist, das vorzugsweise mit dem Befestigungselement (3) für den Teller (1) in seiner Lage fixiert ist.4. fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the corresponding part of the gap is filled by a sheet (5) which is preferably fixed in position with the fastening element (3) for the plate (1).
5. Wirbelschichtapparat nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß das Blech (5) die Form eines Halbkreises hat.5. fluidized bed apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the sheet (5) has the shape of a semicircle.
6. Wirbelschichtapparat nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Blech (5) eine in den nicht ausgefüllten Teil des Spalts ragen¬ de Zunge (6) aufweist, deren Dicke gleich der Blechstärke ist.6. fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the sheet (5) in the unfilled part of the gap ragen¬ de tongue (6), the thickness of which is equal to the sheet thickness.
7. Verwendung des Wirbelschichtapparats nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche zum Trocknen und/oder Kühlen von klebrigen und zur Agglomerat- bildung neigenden Granulaten, insbesondere von wasch- und reinigungsaktiven Granulaten.7. Use of the fluidized bed apparatus according to one of the preceding claims for drying and / or cooling sticky and for agglomerate formation inclined granules, especially of granules that are active in washing and cleaning.
8. Verwendung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Granulate eine nicht-tensidische Flüssigkomponente und Tenside bzw. Tensidgemische aus der Gruppe der anionischen, nicht-ionischen, amphoteren und kationischen Tenside, vorzugsweise Aniontenside, ins¬ besondere Fettalkylsulfate, C9-C13-Alkylbenzolsulfonate und Sulfofett- säuremethylester, und/oder Niotenside, insbesondere flüssige ethoxy- lierte Fettalkohole mit 2 bis 8 Ethylenoxidgruppen pro Mol Alkohol, enthalten.8. Use according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the granules are a non-surfactant liquid component and surfactants or surfactant mixtures from the group of anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric and cationic surfactants, preferably anionic surfactants, in particular fatty alkyl sulfates, C9-C13 Alkylbenzenesulfonates and sulfofatty acid methyl esters, and / or nonionic surfactants, in particular liquid ethoxylated fatty alcohols containing 2 to 8 ethylene oxide groups per mole of alcohol.
9. Verwendung des Wirbelschichtapparats nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zum Trocknen und/oder Kühlen von verdichteten Granulaten, die in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln eingesetzt werden und die aus einem Vorgemisch durch Extrusion und Zerteilung des extrudierten Strangs auf die ge¬ wünschte Granulatdimension hergestellt worden sind. 9. Use of the fluidized bed apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 6 for drying and / or cooling compacted granules which are used in detergents and cleaning agents and which have been produced from a premix by extrusion and division of the extruded strand to the desired granule dimension are.
PCT/EP1995/003267 1994-08-26 1995-08-17 Fluidised bed device for drying products with a strong tendency to agglomerate and use of said device WO1996007069A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19944430421 DE4430421A1 (en) 1994-08-26 1994-08-26 Fluid bed apparatus for drying products with a strong tendency to agglomerate and use of the apparatus
DEP4430421.8 1994-08-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3192644A (en) * 1962-03-02 1965-07-06 Fawkham Dev Ltd Fluidized bed apparatus
LU52974A1 (en) * 1966-02-14 1967-08-14
DE1917047A1 (en) * 1968-04-05 1969-11-13 Aux De La Ind S A Empresa Device for introducing and controlling the directional distribution of the flow means in fluidized beds
WO1991002047A1 (en) * 1989-08-09 1991-02-21 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Manufacture of compacted granules for washing agents

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3192644A (en) * 1962-03-02 1965-07-06 Fawkham Dev Ltd Fluidized bed apparatus
LU52974A1 (en) * 1966-02-14 1967-08-14
DE1917047A1 (en) * 1968-04-05 1969-11-13 Aux De La Ind S A Empresa Device for introducing and controlling the directional distribution of the flow means in fluidized beds
WO1991002047A1 (en) * 1989-08-09 1991-02-21 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Manufacture of compacted granules for washing agents

Also Published As

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