WO1996006919A1

WO1996006919A1 - Foam control granule for particulate detergent compositions

Info

Publication number: WO1996006919A1
Application number: PCT/EP1995/002833
Authority: WO
Inventors: Frans Albertus Van Der Hoeven; Mark Phillip Houghton
Original assignee: Unilever Plc; Unilever N.V.
Priority date: 1994-08-26
Filing date: 1995-07-14
Publication date: 1996-03-07
Also published as: AU3114895A; TR199501057A2; GB9417355D0

Abstract

A foam control granule for use in a particulate detergent composition comprises a porous particulate carrier material having sorbed therein or thereon a foam control composition comprising a silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound which is shear-thinning. Preferred carrier materials include light soda ash. The foam control composition may also include a viscosity modifying agent, for example, a hydrocarbon wax. The foam control granule may be prepared by subjecting the foam control composition to shear whereby its viscosity is reduced, and then mixing it in shear-thinned form into or onto the porous particulate carrier material.

Description

FOAM CONTROL GRANULE FOR PARTICULATE DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a foam control granule containing silicone oil, for use in foam-controlled particulate detergent compositions.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART

It is well known that detergent products containing anionic and/or nonionic surfactants which are particularly suitable for fabric washing generally have a tendency to produce excessive foam. This can be a problem particularly with drum-type washing machines, and it is accordingly usual to include a foam control agent in fabric washing detergent formulations to reduce or eliminate excessive foam production.

Silicone oils are very efficient controllers of foam, and are especially effective in combination with particulate antifoam promoters such as hydrophobic silica. Various silicone/hydrophobic silica compounds are commercially available.

The incorporation of granules containing silicone oil in detergent powders to provide in-wash foam control is well known. In such granules the silicone oil, plus hydrophobic silica if present, is generally sorbed into or onto a solid carrier material which may be inorganic or organic. Inorganic salts suggested in the art include sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate in admixture with sodium silicate or sodium sulphate, sodium perborate monohydrate, silica, and zeolite. The choice of carrier material is important in preventing or minimising the tendency for the silicone oil to migrate during storage of the detergent powder from the carrier granules to other, neighbouring granules, while still providing rapid and efficient delivery of the foam control system in the wash. Migration of silicone oil away from the carrier and the consequent separation from the hydrophobic silica or other particulate antifoa promoter greatly reduces foam control efficiency; it can also have a detrimental effect on the detergent powder as a whole, causing loss of flow, caking, and poor delivery to the wash from the washing machine dispenser.

In some known granules, the carrier material, for example, a native or modified starch, consists of very small primary particles, for example, having a particle size of 1-10 micrometres, and the silicone oil, generally plus one or more binders, is used to build up larger particles by agglomeration. In foam control granules of this type, the primary particles of the carrier material are essentially non- porous and the silicone oil is adsorbed onto their surfaces, that is to say, the porosity of the final granules occupied by the silicone oil is inter-particle porosity.

A different approach is disclosed in EP 266 863B

(Unilever) , which discloses the use of an especially effective carrier material which is a sodium carbonate-based material having a relatively large intra-particle pore volume (0.1-2.0 cmVg) composed of relatively small pores (median pore diameter not exceeding 20 micrometres) . Such a carrier material typically has a primary particle size greater than 50 micrometres, for example 100-300 micrometres, in contrast to the non-porous type of carrier previously described which typically has a primary particle size of the order of 1-10 micrometres. In foam control granules of this type the silicone oil is predominantly within the intraparticle pore system of the carrier material, although a limited amount of agglomeration may also occur. The intra-particle pore structure allows entrapment of silicone-based foam control agents within the primary particles of the carrier material without the carrier itself becoming tacky, but still gives rapid and efficient delivery of the foam control agents in the wash at both high and low wash temperatures. The effectiveness of the foam control granule is thereby retained until it is needed at the point of use. The small pore size also means that the silicone oil is released in the wash in the form of especially small particles or droplets, which increases its foam control efficiency. An example of a carrier material satisfying this definition is light soda ash.

The use of this carrier system, utilising intra-particle porosity, has enabled highly efficient foam control granules to be prepared containing silicone oils of viscosities up to and including about 3500 mPa.s. Such oils may readily be incorporated in the carrier material by spraying on at a convenient processing temperature, for example, within the range of from 5 to 150°C, preferably from 15 to 90°C.

However, some modern highly efficient surfactant systems have such a high foaming tendency that larger than desirable amounts of such silicone oil are required to give adequate foam control in the wash. It is known that more efficient foam control is possible with silicone oils of higher viscosity, for example, 7000 mPa.s and above. However, higher viscosity silicone oils are notoriously unstable in detergent powders. Furthermore, because of their higher viscosity such oils are difficult to incorporate in a porous granular carrier material. If a high viscosity oil is mixed with, for example, light soda ash, the oil coats the particles and causes granulation rather than entering the pore system. The present invention is based on the discovery that the performance benefits of a high viscosity silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound may be enjoyed without the associated processing disadvantages if the silicone oil is shear-thinning. Its viscosity may then temporarily be lowered sufficiently, by application of shear, to allow incorporation into the pore system of a fine-pored carrier such as light soda ash. Once the silicone oil is within the carrier its viscosity will revert to its normal high value in the absence of shear, and the resulting granule is stable on storage and delivers an efficient foam control effect in the wash.

However, the benefit is not merely a processing one. Surprisingly, the foam control benefits of using shear- thinning silicone oils or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compounds are not limited to higher-viscosity materials but apply also to lower-viscosity materials whose processing is not problematic.

Furthermore, the use of shear-thinning silicone oils or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compounds in foam control granules incorporated into detergent powders has been found to give another benefit: the detergent powders exhibit improved dispensing and delivery into the wash.

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention accordingly provides a foam control granule for use in a particulate detergent composition, the granule comprising a porous particulate carrier material having sorbed therein or thereon a silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound which is shear-thinning. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of a foam control granule as defined in the previous paragraph, which process comprises subjecting the shear- thinning silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound to shear whereby its viscosity is reduced, and then mixing it in shear-thinned form into or onto the porous particulate carrier material.

DETAILED DESCRTPTTON OF THE INVENTION

The foam control granules of the invention represent a route to improved foam control in particulate detergent compositions. Additionally they provide means by which highly efficient high-viscosity silicone oils can be incorporated in detergent powders without the problems previously encountered.

The granules comprise a foam control composition which includes or consists of a shear-thinning silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound, and a porous particulate carrier material.

The invention is of especial value for granules of the type in which the porous particulate carrier material has fine intra-particle pores in which the foam control composition is absorbed. The problem of forcing a high-viscosity silicone oil into the intra-particle pore structure of a carrier is solved by temporarily reducing its viscosity by the application of shear. Whilst the silicone oil is in shear- thinned form its viscosity is (temporarily) sufficiently low to allow it to penetrate into the pore system of the carrier material. Once the silicone oil is within the pores of the carrier material, in the absence of shear, its viscosity will revert to its normal high value. The silicone oil will then remain stably within the pore system of the carrier, without migrating through the detergent powder, until released in the wash liquor by the dissolution or dispersion of the carrier material.

However, the foam control granules of the invention may also utilise a carrier material of the fine particulate type in which the foam control composition is adsorbed, that is to say carried in the inter-particle spaces, rather than absorbed into an intra-particle pore system.

The granules of the invention may easily be prepared using conventional batch or continuous mixing equipment.

The foam control composition

The foam control composition contains as an essential ingredient a silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound which is shear-thinning. Various optional materials may also be present as described in more detail below.

The shear-thinninσ silicone oil or compound

Preferred silicone oils or compounds have a viscosity at 21 s^"1 and 25°C of at least 5000 mPa.s, but oils and compounds of lower viscosity are also within the scope of the invention provided that they exhibit shear- hinning behaviour.

Silicone oils are liquid polydiorganosiloxanes, which may be represented by the average formula I:

R^ R⁴ R^{1 '} Si - 0 Si R⁶ (I!

R³ -^■ R⁵ n wherein each R independently can be an alkyl or aryl radical, for example, a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl or phenyl group, and may be interrupted or terminated by a heteroatom, eg in an - OH, - NH₂ or an - NHR group; or may represent a bond to further groups, for example, - 0 - Si - or

- 0 - Si - (CH₂)_m - Si - (/π = 1 or 2), to form another chain.

It will be seen that these materials may be linear or partially branched. Linear polydiorganosiloxanes, in which the R groups cannot be bonds to further chains, are essentially Newtonian in behaviour, that is to say, their viscosities do not vary significantly with applied shear; while some branched materials exhibit marked shear-thinning behaviour.

The amount of branching preferably does not exceed about 5%, that is to say, not more than 5% of the repeat units within square brackets in the formula I above should include bonds to further chains.

Silicone oils may have dynamic viscosities ranging, for example, from 3000 to 40 000 mPa.s. The present invention is especially concerned with silicone oils of higher viscosity, for example, above 5000 mPa.s. However, the invention is also applicable to lower-viscosity silicone oils, enabling more storage-stable foam control granules to be produced; and giving dispensing benefits when used in detergent powders, especially detergent powders of high bulk density.

For the purposes of the present invention, viscosities are measured at 25°C and a shear rate of 21 s^"; using Rheolab (Trade Mark) MC-1100 apparatus equipped with a MK90 cone and plate viscometer head. The amount of silicone oil present in the granule of the invention may range, for example, from 3 to 25 wt%, preferably from 5 to 20 wt%.

The foam control efficiency of a silicone oil is significantly increased by the presence of suspended particles of finely divided hydrophobised silica. The silica may be a fumed silica, a precipitated silica, or a silica made by the gel formation technique. The silica particles preferably have an average particle size d_3-2 (surface-area-weighted) of from 0.1 to 50 micrometres, preferably from 1 to 20 micrometres, and a surface area of at least 50 m²/g, typically 100 m²/g or more. These silica particles may be rendered hydrophobic, for example, by treating them with dialkylsilyl groups and/or trialkylsilyl groups bonded directly onto the silica.

The amount of silica present in the silicone oil/silica compound is suitably within the range of from 1 to 30 wt%, more preferably from 2 to 15 wt%. The amount of silica in the foam control granule of the invention suitably ranges from 0.5 to 5 wt%, preferably from 1 to 3 wt%.

Silicone oils and silicone/silica compounds are commercially available, for example, from Dow Corning, Wacker- Chemie, and Rhone-Poulenc. Examples include the following:

Name Viscosity 25°C/21s^"1 Manufacturer (mPa.s)

DB-100 3 500 Dow Corning

DC 2-3510 9 950 Dow Corning

Q2-3302 15 000 Dow Corning

S-131 9 900 Wacker

20 472 9 900 Rhone-Poulenc Finely divided hydrophobic silica is also commercially available, an example being Sipernat (Trade Mark) D10 ex Degussa.

The presence of fine particulate hydrophobic silica in the compound itself confers a certain degree of shear-thinning behaviour, derived from the physical volume of suspended particles, even when the silicone oil itself is not intrinsically shear-thinning. Thus, shear-thinning silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compounds are available that are based on non-shear-thinning silicone oils.

This property can be utilised to advantage in the present invention, but silicone oils exhibiting true intrinsic shear- thinning behaviour are of especial interest.

Shear thinning behaviour may be described by the well- known Sisko equation:

η = η. + K.

where η is the liquid viscosity (in Pa.s) at a given shear rate γ (in s^'1). As the shear rate increases the viscosity tends to its minimum value η. , the viscosity it would have in the absence of any structure which would give rise to a higher viscosity.

Examples of the application of this equation to some silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compounds and silicone oils are as follows (η is at 21 s^'1 and 25°C) :

Compounds η η- K p

Dow Corning DC 2-3510 6540 3031 8309 -0.27 Wacker S-131 9950 3591 7116 -0.038

Rhone-Poulenc 20 472 7330 809 7007 -0.025 Silicone oils η η- K p

Branched 18130 3858 -0.77

Linear 3502 5136 -0.002

The branched silicone oil and the Dow-Corning compound are intrinsically shear-thinning, while the Wacker and Rhδne- Poulenc materials are nominally shear-thinning owing to their content of hydrophobic silica. The linear silicone oil is essentially Newtonian in behaviour.

The optional viscositv-modifvinσ aσent

Advantageously, the foam control composition in the granules of the present invention may also contain a viscosity-modifying agent in intimate admixture with the silicone oil or compound, thus assisting in the reduction of viscosity during production of the granules. This is of especial value if the carrier material is of the type having small intra-particle pores.

The viscosity-modifying agent must be capable of forming a processable intimate mixture with the silicone oil or compound at a convenient working temperature, for example, within the range of from 5 to 150°C, preferably 15 to 90°C, to give a low-viscosity intimate mixture (preferably emulsion or solution) that can be mixed into, preferably sprayed onto, a carrier material. Where the silicone oil or compound is of high viscosity, the viscosity-modifying agent should be of lower viscosity, at a suitable working temperature, in order that a lower viscosity, homogeneous, sprayable mixture may be achieved.

Advantageously, the viscosity-modifying agent itself has foam control properties. One preferred class is constituted by hydrocarbon waxes, and an especially preferred material is petroleum jelly. This material, which may be regarded as a mixture of liquid and solid hydrocarbons, is a soft solid at ambient temperature and liquefies over the 35-40°C range. It can be mixed with higher-viscosity silicones at temperatures above about 60°C, mixing temperatures of about 80°C being preferred. A suitable commercially available material is Silkolene (Trade Mark) 910 ex Dalton.

Advantageously, the petroleum jelly may be premixed with an alkylphosphoric acid or salt antifoam promoter which may suitably have the following structure II:

R⁷0(EO)_n — P — OH (ID

wherein A is -OH or R⁸0(EO)_q, R⁷ and R⁸ are the same or different C₁₂.₂₄ linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups, EO represents the ethylene oxide group -CH₂CH₂0-, and p and q are the same or different and are zero or an integer from 1 to 6.

An example is Phospholan Alf 5 (Trade Mark) ex Lankro, which is a C_:2 alkyl phosphoric acid, ie a material of the formula II in which R⁷ is C₁₂ alkyl, p is zero and A is a hydroxyl group. The fine particulate material may assist in stabilising the intimate mixture as well as contributing to the foam control performance of the final granule. A suitable mixture may contain from 10 to 30 wt% alkylphosphoric acid and from 70 to 90 wt% petroleum jelly.

If alkylphosphate antifoam promoter is present, the total amount of finely divided antifoam promoter (hydrophobic silica plus alkylphosphate) in the foam control granule of the invention may range, for example, from 0.5 to 5 wt%, preferably from 1 to 3 wt%. Another class of suitable viscosity-modifying agents is comprised by fatty acids, fatty acid soaps and mixtures thereof. A suitable mixture comprises 40 to 70 wt% fatty acid and 30 to 60 wt% fatty acid sodium soap, which need not necessarily be of the same chain length; for example, 55-

65 wt% predominantly C₁₂ fatty acids (Prifac (Trade Mark) 2920 ex Unichema), and 35-45 wt% sodium stearate.

The viscosity-modifying agent may suitably be present in a weight ratio to the silicone oil of from 0.3:1 to 3:1, preferably from 0.5:1 to 2:1.

The total amount of silicone oil, any viscosity-modifying agent and all finely divided particulate antifoam promoter present in the granule of the invention may suitably range from 10 to 40 wt%, more preferably from 15 to 35 wt%.

The pornus particulate carrier material

In the granules of the invention, the use of a carrier material having significant intra-particle porosity, within which the foam control composition is absorbed, is preferred.

Preferred carrier materials are inorganic salts, especially those having the preferred pore structure identified in EP 266 863B (Unilever) mentioned previously. Thus, the porous particulate carrier material advantageously has a pore volume of from 0.2 to 1.0 cmVg, more preferably from 0.25 to 1.0 cmVg, and a median pore diameter not greater than 20 micrometres.

The primary particle size of the carrier material is suitably at least 50 micrometres, and preferably at least 100 micrometres, suitably from 100 to 300 micrometres. The average particle size of the finished granules may be greater, for example, 500-1000 micrometres, since some agglomeration inevitably takes place during incorporation of the foam control composition.

Especially preferred carrier materials are based on sodium carbonate, for example, light soda ash. A suitable commercially available material is light grade sodium carbonate from Solvay.

However, also within the scope of the invention are granules based on a very finely divided carrier material, for example, having primary particle size of from 1 to 10 micrometres. In such granules the foam control composition is adsorbed on the primary particles, within larger agglomerates, rather than adsorbed within intra-particle pores. Examples of carrier materials of this type are native and modified starches.

The amount of carrier material in the granule of the invention may suitably range from 60 to 90 wt%, more preferably from 65 to 85 wt%.

The process

In the process of the invention, the foam control composition is first subjected to shear, for example, by high shear mixing, in order to reduce its viscosity to a level such that it can be mixed into, preferably sprayed onto, the carrier material at a convenient processing temperature, for example, 5 to 150°C, preferably from 15 to 90°C.

According one preferred embodiment of the invention, as previously indicated, the silicone oil or compound is first mixed with a viscosity-modifying agent, as described previously, to form a low-viscosity intimate mixture that can be mixed, and preferably sprayed, at a convenient working temperature, for example, 5 to 150°C, preferably 15 to 90°C, into or onto the particulate carrier material. The intimate mixture is then subjected to high shear immediately before the spraying step.

The pre ixing of the silicone oil or compound and the viscosity-modifying agent is preferably carried out at a temperature just above the drop melting point of the mixture. For any given silicone oil or compound and any given viscosity-modifying agent, the optimum temperature may readily be determined by routine experimentation. For example, in order to mix silicone compound of viscosity 5000 mPa.s with petroleum jelly/alkyl phosphate (3:1), a temperature above 60°C and preferably about 80°C has been found to be satisfactory.

The high shear mixing applied to the shear-thinning silicone oil or compound may also help to stabilise the intimate mixture. The presence of suspended particles of hydrophobic silica also contributes to stabilisation of the intimate mixture and avoids separation.

The mixing of the silicone oil or compound with the carrier material is carried out at a convenient working temperature, generally within the range of from 5 to 150°C, preferably from 15 to 90°C, and suitably within the 60 to 90°C range.

This may be carried out either as a batch process or as a continuous process. A batch process may be carried out, for example, in a drum mixer; suitable drum speeds for a 700 kg batch are 2-20 rpm, preferably 6-10 rpm. A continuous process may be carried out, for example, in a Lόdige (Trade Mark) Recycler. The product is a crisp granular material, having an average particle size of for example 500-1000 micrometres, suitable for addition by dry mixing to a particulate detergent composition.

Detergent composi r.ions

The foam control granules of the present invention are intended for use in particulate detergent compositions. The granules may suitably be incorporated in amounts of from 0.25 to 10 wt%, preferably from 0.5 to 5 wt%, the optimum level depending on the amount and type of surfactant present in the detergent composition, and the amount of high-viscosity shear-thinning silicone oil in the foam control granule.

Detergent compositions of the invention will generally contain detergent-active compounds and detergency builders, and may optionally contain bleaching components and other active ingredients to enhance performance and properties.

Detergent-active compounds (surfactants) may be chosen from soap and non-soap anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic detergent-active compounds, and mixtures thereof. Many suitable detergent-active compounds are available and are fully described in the literature, for example, in "Surface-Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I and II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch. The preferred detergent-active compounds that can be used are soaps and synthetic non-soap anionic and nonionic compounds. The total amount of surfactant present is suitably within the range of from 5 to 40 wt%.

Anionic surfactants are well-known to those skilled in the art. Examples include alkylbenzene sulphonates, particularly linear alkylbenzene sulphonates having an alkyl chain length of C,-C₁₅; primary and secondary alkyl sulphates, particularly C₈-C₁₅ primary alkyl sulphates; alkyl ethersulphates; olefin sulphonates; alkyl xylene sulphonates; dialkyl sulphosuccinates; and fatty acid ester sulphonates. Sodium salts are generally preferred.

Nonionic surfactants that may be used include the primary and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, especially the C₃-C₂₀ aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and more especially the C₁₀-C₁₅ primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Non-ethoxylated nonionic surfactants include alkylpolyglycosides, glycerol monoethers, and polyhydroxyamides (glucamide) .

Detergent compositions suitable for use in most automatic fabric washing machines generally contain anionic non-soap surfactant, or nonionic surfactant, or combinations of the two in any ratio, optionally together with soap.

The detergent compositions of the invention will generally also contain one or more detergency builders. The total amount of detergency builder in the compositions will suitably range from 5 to 80 wt%, preferably from 10 to 60 wt%.

Inorganic builders that may be present include sodium carbonate, if desired in combination with a crystallisation seed for calcium carbonate, as disclosed in GB 1 437 950 (Unilever); crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates, for example, zeolites as disclosed in GB 1 473 201 (Henkel), amorphous aluminosilicates as disclosed in GB 1 473 202 (Henkel) and mixed crystalline/amorphous aluminosilicates as disclosed in GB 1 470 250 (Procter & Gamble); and layered silicates as disclosed in EP 164 514B (Hoechst) . Inorganic phosphate builders, for example, sodium orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate, may also be present, but on environmental grounds those are no longer preferred. Zeolite builders may suitably be present in amounts of from 5 to 60 wt%, preferably from 10 to 50 wt%. Amounts of from 10 to 45 wt% are being especially suitable for particulate (machine) fabric washing compositions. The zeolite used in most commercial particulate detergent compositions is zeolite A. Advantageously, however, maximum aluminium zeolite P (zeolite MAP) described and claimed in EP 384 070A (Unilever) may be used. Zeolite MAP is an alkali metal aluminosilicate of the P type having a silicon to aluminium ratio not exceeding 1.33, preferably not exceeding 1.15, and more preferably not exceeding 1.07.

Organic builders that may be present include polycarboxylate polymers such as polyacrylates, acrylic/maleic copolymers, and acrylic phosphinates; monomeric polycarboxylates such as citrates, gluconates, oxydisuccinates, glycerol mono-, di- and trisuccinates, carboxymethyloxysuccinates, carboxymethyloxymalonates, dipicolinates, hydroxyethyliminodiacetates, alkyl- and alkenylmalonates and succinates; and sulphonated fatty acid salts. This list is not intended to be exhaustive.

Especially preferred organic builders are citrates, suitably used in amounts of from 5 to 30 wt%, preferably from 10 to 25 wt%; and acrylic polymers, more especially acrylic/maleic copolymers, suitably used in amounts of from 0.5 to 15 wt%, preferably from 1 to 10 wt%.

Builders, both inorganic and organic, are preferably present in alkali metal salt, especially sodium salt, form.

Detergent compositions according to the invention may also suitably contain a bleach system. Preferably this will include a peroxy bleach compound, for example, an inorganic persalt or an organic peroxyacid, capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution. Preferred inorganic persalts are sodium perborate monohydrate and tetrahydrate, and sodium percarbonate. Especially preferred is sodium percarbonate having a protective coating against destabilisation by moisture. Sodium percarbonate having a protective coating comprising sodium metaborate and sodium silicate is disclosed in GB 2 123 044B (Kao) . The peroxy bleach compound is suitably present in an amount of from 5 to 35 wt%, preferably from 10 to 25 wt%.

The peroxy bleach compound may be used in conjunction with a bleach activator (bleach precursor) to improve bleaching action at low wash temperatures. The bleach precursor is suitably present in an amount of from 1 to 8 wt%, preferably from 2 to 5 wt%. Preferred bleach precursors are peroxycarboxylic acid precursors, more especially peracetic acid precursors and peroxybenzoic acid precursors; and peroxycarbonic acid precursors. An especially preferred bleach precursor suitable for use in the present invention is N,N,N' ,N'-tetracetyl ethylenediamine (TAED) .

A bleach stabiliser (heavy metal sequestrant) may also be present. Suitable bleach stabilisers include ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) and the polyphosphonates such as Dequest (Trade Mark) , EDTMP.

The compositions of the invention may contain alkali metal, preferably sodium, carbonate, in order to increase detergency and ease processing. Sodium carbonate may suitably be present in amounts ranging from 1 to 60 wt%, preferably from 2 to 40 wt%.

Powder flow may be improved by the incorporation of a small amount of a powder structurant, for example, a fatty acid (or fatty acid soap) , a sugar, an acrylate or acrylate/maleate polymer, or sodium silicate. One preferred powder structurant is fatty acid soap, suitably present in an amount of from 1 to 5 wt%. Other materials that may be present in detergent compositions of the invention include sodium silicate; antiredeposition agents such as cellulosic polymers; fluorescers; inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate; proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes; dyes; coloured speckles; perfumes; and fabric softening compounds. This list is not intended to be exhaustive.

Preparation of thp detergent, compositions

Detergent compositions of the invention may be prepared by any suitable method. Particulate detergent compositions of lower bulk density, for example 400-500 g/litre, are suitably prepared by spray-drying a slurry of compatible heat- insensitive ingredients, and then spraying on or postdosing those ingredients unsuitable for processing via the slurry. The skilled detergent for ulator will have no difficulty in deciding which ingredients should be included in the slurry and which should not. The foam control granules of the invention should be postdosed.

Preferred particulate detergent compositions of the invention having a bulk density of at least 500 g/1, preferably at least 650 g/litre, and more preferably at least 700 g/litre, may be prepared by post-tower densification of a spray-dried powder, or directly by mixing and granulation of raw materials, advantageously using a high-speed mixer/granulator. Such processes are disclosed, for example, in EP 340 013A, EP 367 339A, EP 390 251A and EP 420 317A (Unilever) .

As with a spray-dried powder, less robust or more heat- sensitive ingredients, including the foam control granules of the present invention, should be postdosed to the dense granular base powder. Description of preferred embodiments

The invention will now be described in further detail, by way of example only, in the following Examples and with reference to the accompanying drawing. Parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.

Description of the drawing

The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a diagrammatic representation of a batch plant suitable for production of foam control granules of the invention.

The plant comprises a supply tank 1 for silicone oil or compound, and an optional supply tank 2 for the second material, each provided with thermostatic heaters 3, 4 and stirrers 5, 6; a mixing vessel 7 with stirrer 8 (turbine agitator) fed by supply tanks 1 and 2; a high shear mixer 9; a drum mixer 10 fed from the mixing vessel 7 via the high shear mixer 9, and also provided with an air inlet 11 and a solid feed port 12; and a hopper 13 for discharge of product from the drum mixer 10.

An example of a process is now described for the preparation of granules having the following composition:

Weight %

Light soda ash 70.0

Silicone oil (with silica) 18.0

Petroleum jelly 9.6

Alkylphosphoric acid 2.4 The shear-thinning silicone oil or compound is held in supply tank 1 at 80°C with stirring, while the second material, petroleum jelly/alkylphosphoric acid, is held in supply tank 2 at 80°C with stirring. The two materials are pumped simultaneously at 50-80°C and 1000 kg/h to the turbine agitator 3 where they are intimately mixed at 80°C to give a homogeneous emulsion. The emulsion is passed in 214 kg batches, at 50-80°C and a total throughput rate of 1500 kg/h, through the high shear mixer 4 and then immediately sprayed into the drum mixer 5 which contains a suitable quantity (500 kg per batch) of light soda ash.

If desired, the two supply tanks 1, 2 could feed directly into the high shear mixer 9 so that formation of the intimate mixture took place there.

The product is discharged into the hopper 7, then sieved and bagged, or fed directly to a production line for detergent powders.

Examples

The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting Examples, in which parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.

Examples 1 and 2. Comparative Examples A to C

These Examples demonstrate the effect of storage on the foam control performance of various granules. A granular detergent composition of high bulk density having the following composition was used:

Coconut alcohol sulphate 5.82

Nonionic 7EO 7.91

Nonionic 3EO 5.27

Zeolite MAP 36.65

Sodium soap 2.05

Sodium carbonate 1.16

Sodium c rboxymethylcesllulc Dse 0.90

Sodium percarbonate 20.50

TAED 4.75

Bleach catalyst 1.60

EDTMP 0.37

Enzymes 1.42

Perfume 0.45

Foam control granules (see below) 3.00

Water and salts to 100.00

The foam control granules were incorporated by dry mixing for at least 30 minutes to simulate factory mixing conditions and to ensure that the silicone-containing granules were distributed throughout the powder.

Foam heights were measured using a Miele (Trade Mark) W765 automatic front-loading washing machine, using the 40°C main wash cycle, 15° (French) hard water, a clean fabric load (3 kg, cotton) and 120 g of detergent powder placed in a delivery device on top of the load. The machine was fitted with a lather height monitor by means of which the foam height at the end of the main wash, just before the first rinse, was determined. A score of 1.0 represents a full porthole of foam, and any scoe above 1.0 represents overfoaming and the danger of foam leaking out of the machine.

Granules were prepared to the following formulations:

Example B, 1 C, 2

Light soda ash^: 72.0 90.0 95.0 Silicone oil*: 3500 mPas² 18.0 6540 mPas³ 10.0 15 000 mPas⁴ 5.0

*A11 silicone oils contained 5 wt% of added hydrophobic silica (Sipernat D10 ex Degussa) .

Sodium carbonate light grade ex Solvay ²DB 100 ex Dow Corning, not shear thinning ³DC 2-3510 ex Dow Corning, shear thinning ⁴Q2-3302 ex Wacker-Chemie, shear thinning

The granule compositions were chosen to give approximately equal foam control from fresh granules, following a preliminary experiment in which the amounts of the different silicone oils needed to give equal foam heights were determined.

In the preparation of the granules of Examples 1 and 2, the silicone oils were subjected to high shear stirring immediately before mixing with the light soda ash. The granules of the Comparative Examples (A to C) were prepared by simple mixing. Foam control was tested by the method described above using fresh granules, and granules that had been stored (in the detergent powder) in closed 1 kg packs at 37°C and 70% relative humidity.

Example Fresh granule After storage

4 weeks 12 weeks

A 0.7 1.0

1 0.3 0.3 0.4 B 0.3 >1.0

2 0.1 0.1 0.3 D 0.1 >1.0

It will be seen that the granules containing the shear- thinning high-viscosity silicone oils, prepared by the process which included high-shear mixing, gave excellent foam control both in fresh powder and in stored powder. Granules of the same composition prepared by simple mixing had poor storage stability: the silicone oil had not penetrated into the pore system of the light soda ash and had merely coated the granules, and was free during storage to migrate over the detergent powder. Example 3. Comparative Example D: Dispensing into the washing machine

Both fresh and stored powders containing foam control granules were subjected to a test to determine the extent to which they would dispense from the drawer of a washing machine. Storage of the powders was as in previous Examples.

The detergent powder formulation was that given in earlier Examples. The foam control granules had the following formulations:

Example 3 D

Light soda ash 90 90 Silicone oil: ^x7330 mPas, Newtonian - 10

²6540 mPas, shear-thinning 10

hone-Poulenc 20 471 ²Dow Corning DC 2-3510

The granule of Example 3 was prepared by a process in which the silicone oil was subjected to high shear stirring before mixing with the soda ash. The granule of Comparative Example D was prepared by simple mixing.

The dispensing test was carried out using a test rig based on the main wash compartment of the dispenser drawer of the Philips (Trade Mark) AWB 126/7 washing machine. This drawer design provides an especially stringent test of dispensing characteristics especially when used under conditions of low temperature, low water pressure and low rate of water flow. In the test, a 100 g dose of powder was placed in a heap at the front end of the main compartment of the drawer, and subjected to a water fill of 5 litres at 10°C and an inlet pressure of 50 kPa, flowing in over a period of 1 minute. After 1 minute the flow of water ceased, and the powder remaining was then collected and dried to constant weight. The dry weight of powder recovered from the dispenser drawer, in grams, represents the weight percentage of powder not dispensed into the machine (the residue) . Every result is the average of two duplicate measurements.

The residues obtained were as follows:

Example Fresh Stored powder powder (12 weeks)

3 9

D 8 23

These results demonstrate the dispensing advantage obtained by using a shear-thinning silicone oil.

Claims

C AIMS

1 A foam control granule for use in a particulate detergent composition, the granule comprising a porous particulate carrier material having sorbed therein or thereon a foam control composition comprising a silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound, characterised in that the silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound is shear-thinning.

2 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound has a viscosity at 25°C and 21 s^": of at least 5000 mPa.s.

3 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that it comprises from 3 to 25 wt% of silicone oil.

4 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that it comprises from 0.5 to 5 wt% of hydrophobic silica.

5 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the particulate carrier material has intra-particle porosity and the foam control composition is absorbed therein. 6 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the particulate carrier material has a particle size of at least 50 micrometres, a pore volume of from 0.2 to 1.0 cm²/g and a median pore diameter not greater than 20 micrometres.

7 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the porous particulate carrier material comprises sodium carbonate.

8 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the porous particulate carrier material comprises light soda ash.

9 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that it comprises from 60 to 90 wt% of the porous particulate carrier material.

10 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the foam control composition further comprises a viscosity-modifying agent in intimate mixture with the silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound.

11 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the viscosity-modifying agent comprises a hydrocarbon wax.

12 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the viscosity-modifying agent comprises petroleum jelly. 13 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the viscosity-modifying agent is present in a weight ratio to the silicone oil of from 0.3:1 to 3:1.

14 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the foam control composition further comprises an alkylphosphoric acid or salt thereof.

15 A foam control granule as claimed in claim 14, characterised in that it comprises a total of from 0.5 to 5 wt% of hydrophobic silica and alkylphosphoric acid or salt thereof.

16 A process for the preparation of a foam control granule as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that it comprises

(i) subjecting the foam control composition to shear whereby its viscosity is reduced, and then

(ii) mixing it in shear-thinned form into or onto the porous particulate carrier material.

17 A process as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that step (ii) comprises spraying the foam control composition in shear-thinned form onto the porous particulate carrier material.

18 A process as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that the mixing is carried out at a temperature within the range of from 5 to 150°C. 19 A process as claimed in claim 17, characterised in that the mixing is carried out at a temperature within the range of from 15 to 90°C.

20 A process as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that it comprises

(i) mixing the silicone oil or silicone oil/hydrophobic silica compound with a viscosity-modifying material to form an intimate mixture which is subjected to shear,

(ii) mixing the intimate mixture in shear-thinned form into or onto the porous particulate carrier material.

21 A particulate detergent composition comprising one or more detergent-active compounds, one or more detergency builders and optionally other detergent ingredients, characterised in that it comprises a foam controlling amount of foam control granules as claimed in claim 1.

22 A particulate detergent composition as claimed in claim 21, which comprises:

(a) from 5 to 40 wt% of one or more detergent-active compounds,

(b) from 5 to 80 wt% of one or more detergency builders,

(c) optionally other detergent ingredients to 100 wt%.

characterised in that it further comprises

(d) from 0.25 to 10 wt% of foam control granules as claimed in claim 1.