WO1996002469A1 - Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion - Google Patents
Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996002469A1 WO1996002469A1 PCT/IB1995/000568 IB9500568W WO9602469A1 WO 1996002469 A1 WO1996002469 A1 WO 1996002469A1 IB 9500568 W IB9500568 W IB 9500568W WO 9602469 A1 WO9602469 A1 WO 9602469A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- enclosure
- waste
- bioconversion
- main enclosure
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/36—Means for collection or storage of gas; Gas holders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/18—Flow directing inserts
- C12M27/20—Baffles; Ribs; Ribbons; Auger vanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/48—Automatic or computerized control
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to an apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste operating by anaerobic bioconversion, as well as a method for treating a flow of organic waste in this apparatus.
- the main application of the invention is the processing of kitchen waste in restaurants and the like, but other applications are also possible.
- the present invention recommends the local and immediate treatment of organic matter by the implementation of controlled biology in a specially designed digester.
- the present invention mainly takes into account the mass of kitchen waste that must manage the managers of restaurants serving a large number of meals. It follows from two observations:
- treatment plants, composting devices or other similar facilities operate in a conventional manner according to the principle of collecting organic waste streams on as large a scale as possible, and concentrating them in one place, so that the bioconversion process takes place under relatively stable conditions.
- Stability is indeed an essential condition for the maintenance of the biological process of transformation of materials.
- the present invention departs from the principle stated above. It aims to install digesters on the very places where the waste is produced, and proposes a treatment system which makes it possible, by acting judiciously on the dynamics of the digester, to maintain the bioconversion process, despite quantitative variations or transient qualitative irregularities in the flow of waste to be treated.
- the main idea of the invention is to create an apparatus for treating organic waste, the operation of which can be carried out at will with precision, so that the treatment process takes place with the best possible efficiency, this despite variations. in the waste stream to be treated.
- the present invention comprises as first object the apparatus of claim 1, and as second object, the method according to claim 14.
- the tank of the device according to the invention comprises a main enclosure which is the seat of the bioconversion, and a secondary enclosure intended to receive and store the ground organic waste before being transferred to the main enclosure to complete the bioconversion.
- organic waste for example from a restaurant kitchen, is introduced into a receiving device, the waste is ground by means of a grinder or other mechanical disintegrator, and the ground waste are introduced into the secondary enclosure of the tank.
- the capacity of the secondary enclosure 18 can correspond at least to the maximum amount of ground waste treated per day. Its filling normally takes place at least once a day and the daily mass of waste would remain in the secondary enclosure for approximately one day. During their stay in the secondary enclosure, the waste is preheated and begins a first phase of gas evolution without emitting unpleasant odors. This waste crushed in the secondary enclosure forms a homogeneous mass, the uniformity of which can be maintained or improved by circulation or mixing by means of the recycling circuits described below. Then, metered transfers of the contents of the secondary enclosure are carried out into the main enclosure as a function of the progress of the bioconversion, this by means of a set of circuits for recycling the contents of the main enclosure and of the secondary enclosure.
- the set of recycling circuits includes a pump and means for distributing the contents of the main enclosure between different levels inside the latter, allowing the contents of the contents of the main enclosure to be sampled and additions to the levels selected according to the parameters of the biomethanation process.
- the main enclosure of the tank which is the seat of biomethanisation, contains a stratified fluid mass, therefore non-homogeneous, with a floating spongy layer on the free surface and an accumulation of dense sludge at the bottom.
- the set of recycling circuits also includes separate extraction means for solid residues and liquid discharges, making it possible to carry out intermittent samplings dosed from a selected part of the contents of the main enclosure towards these means of extraction, where solids and liquids are recovered.
- each withdrawal to the extraction means will be followed by the transfer of a more or less equivalent quantity of the crushed waste from the secondary enclosure into the main enclosure.
- the secondary enclosure is preferably separated from the main enclosure of the tank by a partition inside the tank, the main and secondary enclosures being surmounted by a common upper zone for the collection of biogas and, advantageously, this partition has an inclined upper part allowing the floating solid matter in the main enclosure to pour into the secondary enclosure, this inclined part of the partition being perforated to allow filtration of the liquids in the main enclosure. In this way, the solid materials which are not digested by the biomethanisation process fall back into the secondary enclosure where they are mixed with the ground waste awaiting, then to be recycled in the main enclosure.
- auxiliary introduction device arranged to dose the introduction into the tank of a make-up product, in particular water, a carbon product, a nitrogen product.
- This device may for example include a device for separating fat from fatty water, connected directly or indirectly to the secondary enclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a digester
- Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of a separator which can be associated with the digester of Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a diagram of a variant.
- FIG. 1 shows the main elements of an embodiment of the digester.
- This comprises a closed tank 1 which is the seat of anaerobic bioconversion.
- This tank can be made of stainless steel sheet, or plastic.
- the tank capacity will be around 500 liters minimum , so that the free level of the waste mass can vary without hindrance.
- the general shape of the tank is cylindrical, with a dome at the top to allow the accumulation of the gas phase, in principle a mixture of methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and a conical bottom at the base to facilitate the evacuation and circulation of sludge.
- CH 4 methane
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- a power supply unit 2 ensures the introduction of the waste to be treated into the tank 1. It takes the form of a crusher driven by a motor 3 and provided with a feed hopper 4. The crusher discharges into the tank 1 the waste which is discharged into the hopper 4. According to the case, this power supply can also take another constitution. We will see different variants below.
- a separator block 5 forms an additional enclosure connected to the tank 1 so that the principle of the communicating vessels allows the levels between the tank and the separator to be balanced, and that the difference in the free levels between these two parts of the digester corresponds to gas pressure in the tank.
- the separator 5 has at its base a cyclone or a centrifuge 6 ensuring the concentration of the solid phase which will be extracted there. In certain cases, this separation can be obtained by a simple decanter.
- the separator 5 extends a column 7 in which the stabilized liquid phase accumulates.
- a weir 8 At the top of the column 7 is provided a weir 8.
- the solid phase of the residues separated in the block 5 is extracted by a valve 9 and falls into a tank 10 provided with a drain, and in which, for example, exchangeable permeable bags allowing the drainage of the residues and their removal.
- the separator In the case where the member 6 is a centrifuge, the separator will be provided with an outlet 22 for the liquid phase and with a hatch (not shown) by which it will be possible to extract the solid phase in the form of cylindrical wafers .
- An important part of the installation described here is the circulation block 11. It comprises a multi-way distributor 12, a recycling pump 13 and various pipes interconnecting the elements of the digester.
- a T-pipe 14 connects the outlet of the crusher 2, on the one hand to the inlet of a secondary enclosure 18 inside the tank 1, and on the other hand to an inlet of the distributor 12. It is thus possible to return the crushed waste to the secondary enclosure 18, where it can remain on standby in the presence of the gas already formed for preheating and homogenization, and then carry out a metered transfer of the homogenized and preheated mass of the waste to the main enclosure by the distributor 12, the pump 13 and the recycling circuit 15.
- the latter is the member which allows the biomethanization process to be carried out with precision. It is a set of pipes fitted with the necessary valves and in particular with control members 17a and 17b. It is - 7 -
- Two segments of pipes 16a and 16b respectively connect the bottom of the tank 1 to the multi-way distributor 12, and the latter to the suction of the pump 13.
- the branch 23 of the circuit 15 connects the discharge of the pump 13 on the one hand to the inlet of the member 17a, and on the other hand to a discharge valve in the weir 8.
- connections 24 and 25 connect the cyclone or the centrifuge 6 of the separator, on the one hand with the piping 16a, and on the other hand with the distributor 12.
- the members 17a and 17b plunge parallel to each other in the tank 1. They have the appearance of rods formed of two concentric tubes, one of which can be actuated in rotation by means of a motor disposed at the top of the 'organ. These tubes are provided with openings coinciding at different levels so that depending on the relative orientation of the two tubes of the rod, the fluid located in the inner tube can pass into the tank at a certain level, or the fluid of the tank can enter the cane also at the desired level.
- the rod 17b is connected to the multi-way distributor 12 by a connection 17c.
- the circuit 15 makes it possible to draw fluid from the tank at the desired level to pass it through the outlet block 5, or to recycle it at any level in tank.
- the internal partition 18a which separates the auxiliary enclosure 18 from the rest of the tank, has an upper part formed by an inclined flat plate. It is provided with an opening 19. A lower part in the form of a tubing of relatively large diameter, extends the secondary enclosure 18 downwards where the discharge from the mill 2, conducted in the pipe 14, enters the tank.
- the main and secondary enclosures 18 of the digester can be supplied, stirred, interconnected and drained by the recycling unit described.
- the dome of the tank is connected by an extraction pipe 20 to a conditioning block 21 which supplies the biogas ready for later use.
- the biogas which is none other than the renewable form of natural gas, will be sent to a water heater, or to a heat-force group.
- Block 21 includes a water separator, a safety valve and a flow meter.
- a hydraulic valve having a column of water of determined, adjustable height, which the gas passes through by oiling, will also be integrated in block 21. This valve regulates the pressure in the tank 1. If necessary, a device for testing the combustibility of the gas can still be expected.
- a circulation block 11, a separation and extraction block 5, and a gas conditioning block 21 allows flexible and efficient management of the digester according to three criteria:
- Chemical criterion production of a combustible gas allowing an interesting energy recovery
- Biological criterion maintenance of conditions which ensure the life of effective bacterial populations.
- a particularly compact arrangement is obtained by placing the whole of the circulation block 11 below the tank 1, in the form of a base supporting it.
- the assembly can be arranged inside an envelope having the shape of a cupboard, the inlet hopper 4 being accessible, for example behind a gate in the manner of known mechanisms equipping certain garbage dumpers.
- the tank 1 and the extraction means are enclosed in a closed, ventilated volume, in particular a cabinet, and the receiving device, for example a container with a tilting gate, as well as the crusher 2, are arranged outside of this cabinet at a location closer to the production of waste, and are connected to the tank 1 by a flexible pipe.
- the receiving device for example a container with a tilting gate, as well as the crusher 2
- this arrangement makes it possible to locate the receiving device in a kitchen, while the cabinet / tank is located in an annex room.
- the upper part of the envelope forms a box arranged to ensure full ventilation of the machine.
- the auxiliary devices to be provided will include instruments for measuring important parameters: pressure, temperature, level, flow rates for the pump and the mill and, possibly, the pH. They will also include the control means making it possible to act at will on the elements of the distributor assembly, the pump 13, the separator 6, etc., as well as on the heating bodies to maintain the tank at the desired temperature (35 at 55 ° C).
- the power supply unit 2 may comprise, in addition to the crusher, a pump discharging the mixture of preconditioned waste into the piping 14.
- the pressure in the tank 1 being regulated by the unit 21, as indicated above, a siphoid device 34 discharges automatically the surplus of fluid waste discharged into the enclosure 18. These materials fall back into the inlet hopper 4 of the shredder or of the crusher, signaling to the personnel supplying the apparatus that it is temporarily saturated.
- This compartment can be provided with a weir and constitute, with the inlet hopper, a closed circuit allowing the crushed waste to rotate while waiting to be discharged by the crusher 2 into the enclosure 18 of the tank. It has been found that with such an arrangement, the mass of waiting waste exposed to the air is the seat of a first bioconversion which is aerobic and produces heat.
- the construction described can be designed in modular form. If necessary, several tanks 1 of the same dimensions can be connected in parallel to increase the capacity. The modular construction makes it possible to arrange digesters responding optimally, from case to case, to the particular conditions of the treatment.
- kitchen waste is mainly quaternary products, containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, or ternary products containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- care must be taken that the C / N ratio keeps a suitable value.
- Kitchen waste from a restaurant represents a material flow that is essentially variable in quantity and composition.
- the mill 2 can be controlled automatically, for example by detecting the presence of a mass in the hopper 4.
- the control can also be manual or time dependent.
- the ground flow leaving the mill 2 is put on standby in the secondary enclosure 18 for preheating and homogenization. It is understood that the conduct of the process can in certain cases be entirely automatic. At all times, the momentary state of the process is represented by all of the data supplied by the measurement means. The comparison of these data with predetermined set values makes it possible to determine when and how it is necessary to actuate the extraction means and / or the recycling means, if necessary the heating means or the means of auxiliary introduction.
- the solid phase has only a very small volume.
- the stabilized gas phase results to some extent from the management of bioconversion.
- This combustible gas can be collected and stored for later use. However, it can also be used on site and without delay by bringing it to the burner of a water heater, for example a condensing water heater, comprising the recovery of the latent heat of the combustion gases.
- the hot water produced can be used to maintain the temperature of the tank or for any other use. It will be noted that this use offers the advantage of considerably simplifying the taking of data relating to the composition and characteristics of the biogas produced by the digester. Indeed, the analysis, for example by optical means, of the burner flame immediately provides the required information.
- the management of the process includes metered transfers of pending material from enclosure 18 into the main enclosure, with the possible addition of additional materials, and the recycling of specific portions of the fluid mass in the main enclosure, by removal of a mass at a given level and restitution at another level. Thanks to the means 17a, 17b, this recycling takes place without excessive agitation of the area where the biological activity occurs.
- the level of the fluid mass in the main enclosure can rise up to the opening 19 and cause the upper layer to pour into the secondary enclosure.
- the oblique part of the partition 18a has a grid structure, which allows filtration, the liquid phase returning to the main enclosure while the undigested solid phases in the main enclosure fall back into the secondary enclosure 18 and are mixed with the waiting crushed waste.
- piloting operations can, if necessary, be controlled remotely, from a service station by means of telemetry and remote control devices.
- the compact construction described above can unexpectedly provide a significant simplification of the usual water treatment facilities and operations.
- the installations must include a device for separating grease from liquids which can be drained off with waste water.
- These separators generally consist of two chambers for the retention / decantation of heavy particles, and the flotation of fats. They are emptied and cleaned periodically, operations which unfortunately generate foul smells.
- the digester as described above can easily be supplemented by a grease separator as shown in Figure 2.
- the treatment of fatty water is then dissociated from the functioning of the digester, and takes place in a much more convenient manner. .
- a separate tank 26 is provided for the flotation of fat.
- the waste water, produced by the plungers and the washing machines, is introduced into a receiving tank 27 then flows into a grid separator 28 from which the solid materials are evacuated towards the hopper 4.
- the fatty waters proper arrive then in the assisted flotation tank 26 in which a stirrer 29 communicates a measured rotation to them.
- An evacuator 30 driven in rotation by the same motor as the stirrer 29 rotates at the level of the liquid level in the tank. Indeed, this is where supernatant fats accumulate.
- the extractor 31 sends them to the hopper 4 and the enclosure 18 of the digester, while the wastewater is eliminated either by the bottom of the flotation tank or by a pipe (not shown) connected to the body of the flotation tank. .
- Two auxiliary devices considerably increase the efficiency of the separator described.
- These are the heat exchanger 32 which cools the separator and thus recovers the heating heat of the washing machines, while facilitating the solidification of the greases, and the bubbling circuit 33.
- the latter starts from a bypass provided on the piping. of gas at the outlet of the tank 1 and enters through a diffuser in the lower part of the flotation tank 26.
- a pump or a compressor can be provided in this circuit to discharge the gas which crosses the liquid mass of fatty water into the separator, then returns to the outlet piping 20. This operation washes the gas, increases the proportion of methane, since CO 2 is more easily soluble in water than CH 4 , and contributes to better separation of fats.
- the waste water it also benefits from the operation since its carbon content is thereby increased, which makes it possible to use it if necessary in plant production as a carrier of the carbon element.
- a bubbling circuit similar to that described here can also be connected to the anaerobic biomethanization tank. It serves as a means of mixing and activating degassing by coalescence.
- the recovery of fats, as described above, makes it possible to control the C / N ratio. Indeed, fats being products containing essentially carbon and hydrogen, their metered introduction restores the value of the C / N ratio, and consequently makes it possible to drive the digester with improved efficiency.
- the digester described makes it possible to implement yet another means for controlling the C / N ratio: the introduction into the inlet hopper of used paper towels and tablecloths. These materials contain little nitrogen, lots of carbon and fiber. The latter will facilitate the extraction and separation of the solid phase by a flocculating effect.
- Figure 3 shows a variant of the embodiment visible in Figure 1.
- the digester of Figure 3 includes certain additions and improvements which will emerge from the description which follows.
- the tank 1 has substantially the same constitution as that of Figure 1, with its secondary enclosure 18, separated from the main part by the partition 18a provided with the opening 19.
- the lower extension of the enclosure 18 is connected to the piping. 14.
- the upper part of the partition 18a comprises a grid 18b whose role will appear later.
- the power supply unit 2 comprises a collecting container 40 with a door 41.
- the collecting box 40 open the outlet of the siphoid device 34 and that of an auxiliary introduction device 59, represented here by a reservoir provided with a member introduction, circulator or electromagnetic valve.
- the motor mill 3 is housed at the base of the container 40.
- the pump 13 is a member whose speed of rotation can be reversed, so that the fluid can flow either in one direction or in the other, and this with different speeds.
- the distributor group which was designated by
- organs 17a and 17b here consists of four organs designated respectively by 43, 44, 45 and
- These four members are of similar construction, with a fixed tube in the length of which lights 48 are distributed, a mobile tube in rotation inside the fixed tube, also provided with corresponding lights, and an indexer. which can be controlled to selectively bring each of the lights of the inner tube to coincide with a fixed light.
- the two dis ributor bodies 43 and 44 are connected by their fixed tube to each of the inputs of the pump 13. They replace the member 12 of the first embodiment.
- the members 45 and 45 are arranged like the elements 17a and 17b, that is to say vertically in the main enclosure of the tank.
- the four indexers 47 of members 43 to 46 are connected to a control station automatic and programmable PLC, to which are also connected the data sensors monitoring the operation of the device and the drive motors of the pump 13, the grinder 3 and the centrifuge 5. It will be noted that the upper fixed light of the member 46 is connected to a tube 49 opening out above the secondary enclosure 18.
- the fixed lights of the members 43 and 44 are connected to the various components of the distribution system. Those of the member 43 are respectively connected to the crusher 3 to allow the introduction of the waste into the holding chamber 18, at the bottom of the tank to allow the evacuation of the sludge to the centrifuge 5, to a fixed light of the member 46 for recycling purposes which will appear later, the fourth light being provided for the connection of the tank 1 to a second auxiliary tank, operating as a slave.
- the fixed lights are connected to the base of the secondary enclosure by the pipe 14 for introducing waste, to the centrifuge 5 by the pipe 25, and to a fixed light for the member 45 for recycling. , the fourth light being also provided for connection to an auxiliary tank.
- the siphoid device 34 here comprises two inlet pipes 50 and 51 arranged vertically, one in the main enclosure, the other in the secondary enclosure. They end at the same height, which determines the maximum filling level of the tank.
- the two essential components of the conditioning unit 21 are the water separator 52, which also functions as a safety valve, and the bellows tank 53 constituting a buffer tank and, at the same time, the member ensuring the pressurization of the tank and gas circuit.
- valve 52 results from the drawing:
- the drops of water entrained in the pipe 20 fall into the deep part of the valve, which communicates at its base with the wide part in which the level is ensured by a weir tubing.
- the difference between the two levels corresponds to the pressure imposed by the bellows regulator 53.
- the latter is ballasted with a weight 54, the value of which determines the pressure prevailing in the tank 1, in the piping 20, etc.
- the blocks 55 and 56 control the immediate use of the biogas produced in the tank 1.
- the elements 57 and 58 are respectively a volumetric meter of the gas flow and a water heater in which the thermal energy released by combustion of the gas is transferred to a circuit which supplies the heating bodies 60 of the tank 1, and is connected to a general circuit allowing any other use of the hot water produced.
- In block 56 there is a circulator and a four-way valve controlled by the PLC automaton, ensuring the selection of the functions of the water heater.
- Two sensors make it possible to record the maximum and minimum expansion states of the bellows tank 53 and to ensure the forced switching on or off of the water heater 58.
- the meter 57 and the water heater 58 are also connected to the PLC automaton to ensure a qualitative control of the biomethanisation.
- two different means are available and the elements necessary to ensure at least one of these two control means are provided.
- One way is to permanently record the volumetric flow rate of the gas and the thermal balance of the water heater. This makes it possible to calculate the calorific value of the gas burned, and therefore to know at least approximately its composition.
- the biogas produced in an installation such as the digester described is essentially a mixture of carbon dioxide, non-combustible, and methane, the calorific value of which is known.
- the composition of the gas produced at a certain time in the digester is an indication of how the phenomenon of biomethanation takes place, and this indication, interpreted according to the momentary state of the mechanical organs of the machine, makes it possible to manage the process.
- the other means of analysis of the gas produced is the optical observation of the burner flame. Its color, or more precisely the values of the spectral intensity of its radiation, also make it possible to deduce therefrom the composition of the gas.
- the process which is also the subject of the invention, consists of all of the essential operations which must be carried out in order for the digester to operate in the most efficient manner possible, given the rate of introduction and the nature of the organic waste poured into the container 40. Biomethanisation conditions should be preserved as stable as possible in the active zone of the tank 1, to allow the regular accumulation of gas in the pipe 20 and the buffer tank 53, and regularly extract liquid discharges and solid residues from the tank.
- routine operations which will normally be repeated at regular intervals, into occasional operations, the repetition rate of which depends on several factors and which should be controlled in cases if certain conditions are found together, and in safeguard operations, that is to say measures intended to be taken as a priority to safeguard the life and activity of the bacterial populations at work in the digester.
- the first category of operations comprises: a) The introduction of the materials into the secondary enclosure 18. As already mentioned, the crusher 3 and the pump 13 then intervene to discharge the organic materials from the container 40 through the piping. 14 in the enclosure 18. This operation can be controlled by the personnel who empties the waste into the container, or automatically, either as a function of time or as a function of the filling rate of the container. Typically, the filling operation will be carried out at least once a day and the capacity of the secondary enclosure 18 will reach at least the maximum daily quantity of waste reception programmed for the installation. b) The extraction of stabilized liquid taken from the main enclosure of the tank, at a height situated under the supernatant layer.
- This operation will be scheduled so as to be carried out as regularly as possible, for example at a rate of 5% of the average daily quantity introduced into the tank, every hour.
- the liquid will be withdrawn through one of the orifices of the member 46, and discharged by the pump 13 towards the piping 25 and the weir 22.
- the same quantity of material will be extracted from the secondary enclosure 18 by the piping 14 and injected at a level chosen in the tank 1, by the member 46 in order to restore the filling level. of the tank.
- the rate indicated for operations b) and c) will be adjusted according to the data collected. A total daily value greater or less than the quantity introduced will tend to shorten or increase the residence time of the materials in the tank. This parameter will intervene in the programming of operations.
- another routine operation will be ordered periodically: that consisting, especially in the case where the transfer from the container 40 to the enclosure 18 takes place relatively frequently, reversing the structure of the stack of materials waiting in enclosure 18. The most recent part of the contents of this enclosure will be taken up by the piping 14, the pump 13 and the member 46 so as to pass through the overflow pipe 49 and end up in the upper part of the enclosure 18. During this operation, the liquid phase of the conveyed materials will be filtered by the grid 18b and will pass directly back into the main enclosure of the tank 1.
- the second category of operations (occasional operations) comprises: a ) The mixing of the materials in the tank 1.
- the introduction of an auxiliary product by the device 59 can be provided for according to an agreed program.
- the mixtures of materials introduced into the digester must preserve the balance between nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds, which results in a CO 2 / CH 4 ratio of the biogas determining its energy power.
- the container 59 may thus, if the waste to be treated is highly nitrogenous, contain a charge of a carbon product, for example an oil, and the control members will periodically inject a dose of this product into the container 40.
- the safeguarding measures essentially come down to ensuring the parameters favorable to the development of active populations, namely: a) First, the digester must maintain a regular temperature in all circumstances, a condition ensured by the above operations. Depending on the case, it can be around 35 ° or 55 ° C, but its variations must not exceed plus / minus 2 ° C. Alarm devices can be provided in the event of an unacceptable variation. b) Secondly, regardless of the momentary composition of the biogas, its pressure in the tank, as well as in the bellows tank 53 and the burner of the water heater, remains constant. This parameter is ensured by the tare 54 of the bellows tank 53, but any exaggerated extension or contraction of this member is controlled by sensors.
- the surplus gas can be evacuated by the ventilation of the cabinet, while a drop in pressure can be compensated by a suitable make-up flow.
- the syphoid device 34 makes it possible to manage any overload of the tank 1, and the grid 18b ensures filtration of floating solid materials which could nevertheless be discharged into the secondary enclosure 18. In the event of a temporary overload, signaled by the discharge by the syphoid device 34, the supply of the container 40 by the addition of new organic materials will be interrupted or reduced to restore normal operation.
- the rejected liquid contains less than 5 g / 1 of organic matter and can be discharged directly into the wastewater pipe.
- the volume of gas produced, at normal temperature and pressure, is 800 l / kg of waste.
- the thermal energy drawn from the gas produced is 15,500 Kcal / day.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/981,833 US6059972A (en) | 1995-07-18 | 1995-07-18 | Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion |
EP95923529A EP0873279A1 (en) | 1994-07-19 | 1995-07-18 | Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion |
AU28062/95A AU2806295A (en) | 1994-07-19 | 1995-07-18 | Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH228294 | 1994-07-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996002469A1 true WO1996002469A1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
Family
ID=4230132
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB1995/000568 WO1996002469A1 (en) | 1994-07-19 | 1995-07-18 | Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0873279A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2806295A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996002469A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0974643A1 (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 2000-01-26 | Innovative Umwelttechnik Gesellschaft m.b.H | Procédé et installation pour la dégradation anaérobique de déchets organiques avec production de biogaz |
WO2014020544A1 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-06 | Mahrer Francois-Regis | Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion |
WO2022123188A1 (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-16 | Bio Tank | Simplified system for collecting, storing and transporting fermentable waste |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104513795B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-08-24 | 柳州市京阳节能科技研发有限公司 | Automatic control highly effective energy saving methane tank |
Citations (7)
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---|---|---|---|---|
DE1908596A1 (en) * | 1968-02-23 | 1969-09-18 | Bird Machine Co | Process for the aerobic decomposition of sewage sludge |
JPS57113899A (en) * | 1981-01-06 | 1982-07-15 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Monitoring device of anaerobic digestion tank |
SU947089A1 (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1982-07-30 | За витель ВСЕСОШЗИЛЯ ПАТЕПТКО 3« ПАТЕНТНО- t п I Е л s« тр ви;|рг -гд 1 ТЕХКИЧЕСКЛЗ БИБЛНУТЕ А | Methane tank |
DE3232530A1 (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1984-03-01 | Wilfried 8045 Ismaning Schraufstetter | High performance continuous bioreactor |
JPS59225799A (en) * | 1983-06-07 | 1984-12-18 | Toshiba Corp | Digestion tank monitoring apparatus |
DE3151187C2 (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1986-02-20 | Günther 7920 Heidenheim Hof | Biogas plant |
JPH06193899A (en) * | 1992-12-25 | 1994-07-15 | Noritz Corp | Hot-water supply system |
-
1995
- 1995-07-18 AU AU28062/95A patent/AU2806295A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-18 EP EP95923529A patent/EP0873279A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-07-18 WO PCT/IB1995/000568 patent/WO1996002469A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
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---|---|---|---|---|
DE1908596A1 (en) * | 1968-02-23 | 1969-09-18 | Bird Machine Co | Process for the aerobic decomposition of sewage sludge |
SU947089A1 (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1982-07-30 | За витель ВСЕСОШЗИЛЯ ПАТЕПТКО 3« ПАТЕНТНО- t п I Е л s« тр ви;|рг -гд 1 ТЕХКИЧЕСКЛЗ БИБЛНУТЕ А | Methane tank |
JPS57113899A (en) * | 1981-01-06 | 1982-07-15 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Monitoring device of anaerobic digestion tank |
DE3151187C2 (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1986-02-20 | Günther 7920 Heidenheim Hof | Biogas plant |
DE3232530A1 (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1984-03-01 | Wilfried 8045 Ismaning Schraufstetter | High performance continuous bioreactor |
JPS59225799A (en) * | 1983-06-07 | 1984-12-18 | Toshiba Corp | Digestion tank monitoring apparatus |
JPH06193899A (en) * | 1992-12-25 | 1994-07-15 | Noritz Corp | Hot-water supply system |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
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Derwent's abstract, no. 58260 K/24, week 8324; & SU,A,947089, (NIKITIN G A) 30-07-1982 * |
Gilbert Degr`mont,"Water Tretment Handbook", 1973, Stephen Austin & Sons Ltd page 407 * |
I.D. COWLEY ET AL: "Anaerobic Digestion of Farm Wastes; a Review-Part 1", PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY, August 1981 (1981-08-01) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 10, no. 269 (C-372) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 6, no. 208 (C-130) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 6, no. 73 (C-101) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 96 (C-278) * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0974643A1 (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 2000-01-26 | Innovative Umwelttechnik Gesellschaft m.b.H | Procédé et installation pour la dégradation anaérobique de déchets organiques avec production de biogaz |
WO2014020544A1 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-06 | Mahrer Francois-Regis | Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion |
CN104704105A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2015-06-10 | 弗朗索瓦-雷吉斯·马雷尔 | Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion |
US10214712B2 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2019-02-26 | Francois-Regis Mahrer | Apparatus for receiving and conditioning organic waste by anaerobic bioconversion |
WO2022123188A1 (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-16 | Bio Tank | Simplified system for collecting, storing and transporting fermentable waste |
FR3117467A1 (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-17 | Bio Tank | Simplified device for collecting, storing and transporting fermentable waste. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2806295A (en) | 1996-02-16 |
EP0873279A1 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
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