WO1996001710A1 - Procede de coulee et de laminage d'acier au moyen d'une machine de coulee a deux cylindres - Google Patents

Procede de coulee et de laminage d'acier au moyen d'une machine de coulee a deux cylindres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996001710A1
WO1996001710A1 PCT/CA1995/000405 CA9500405W WO9601710A1 WO 1996001710 A1 WO1996001710 A1 WO 1996001710A1 CA 9500405 W CA9500405 W CA 9500405W WO 9601710 A1 WO9601710 A1 WO 9601710A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strand
twin
rolls
cooling
roll
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA1995/000405
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Liu-Kuen Chiang
Original Assignee
Ipsco Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ipsco Inc. filed Critical Ipsco Inc.
Priority to AU28774/95A priority Critical patent/AU2877495A/en
Publication of WO1996001710A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996001710A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/064—Accessories therefor for supplying molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for casting and rolling steel using twin-roll casters.
  • steel is cast in a continuous casting process by pouring the molten steel from a tundish into a mold having a rectangular cross-section that defines the width and thickness of the steel strand to be cast.
  • the mold is typically water-cooled and is sufficiently long in extension that the outer shell of the steel solidifies sufficiently within the casting mold such that the steel retains its shape and does not burst open (break out) .
  • a caster of this sort is typically oscillated in the longitudinal (vertical) direction. Casting powder is applied so that steel will not stick to the inside walls of the casting mold, and so as to minimize radiant heat loss, and to absorb unwanted inclusions.
  • Downstream of the casting mold are typically arranged a series of supporting rolls for the cast strand which give it support while its core is still partly molten, thereby permitting it to continue to solidify without danger of rupture (break-out) .
  • These rolls control the exterior thickness dimension of the solid shell of the casting but typically do not reduce the dimension appreciably. In some cases, these rolls may impart a slight reduction to the steel casting while its core is still soft or even molten, for the purpose of centerline segregation control (see, e.g., L.K. Chiang, "Application of Soft Reduction Technique for Improving Centerline Segregation in Continuously Cast Slab", 1989 Steelmaking Conference Proceedings 81) .
  • twin-roll caster As an alternative to a conventional caster of the foregoing sort for the continuous casting of steel slab, there may be provided for the casting of a relatively thin steel strand, a twin-roll caster.
  • the concept of a twin- roll caster is about a century old; variants of such casters have received attention recently for the casting of very- thin steel strand not intended to be further reduced from the as-cast thickness.
  • a twin-roll caster a pair of identical horizontally disposed casting rolls of adequately large diameter are aligned to be axially parallel to one another, and are rotatably mounted with a slight gap between the two rolls. The width of the gap is approximately equal to the thickness of the casting to be made.
  • the rolls rotate in opposite senses downwardly toward the narrowest part of the gap, referred to as the "kissing point". Viewed end on, the left roll rotates clockwise and the right roll counterclockwise.
  • Molten steel is supplied from a tundish above the rolls to form a pool just above the gap between the two rolls. The molten steel solidifies as it passes towards and through the gap between the two rolls, and exits as a strand having a solid shell whose thickness is predetermined by the gap between the two casting rolls.
  • twin-roll casters are illustrated and described, for example, in Japanese published patent specification 62-77151 dated 9 April 1987, Japanese published patent specification 1-249246 dated 4 October 1989, and Japanese published patent specification 3-90261 dated 16 April 1991.
  • prior twin-roll casters have included support rolls immediately downstream of the twin casting rolls that give support to the cast strand as it leaves the twin casting rolls, and that redirect the cast strand from vertical orientation to horizontal orientation. Redirection rolls of this type are commonplace in steel making; representative such rolls are illustrated, for example, in various of the above-mentioned published Japanese specifications and are also used apart from twin- roll casters: see, e . g. Scholz U.S. patent 5,065,811 dated 19 November 1991.
  • twin-roll casters such as the foregoing, only the twin casting rolls themselves constitute the means for defining the dimensions and particularly the thickness of the cast strand, and constitute the only means for cooling the molten steel sufficiently that it is sufficiently solid to avoid break-outs.
  • this conventional arrangement permits the molten steel to be cooled only over a relatively short arcuate segment
  • the absence in conventional apparatus and processes of downstream hard reduction implies the absence of preferred dimensional, surface and metallurgical quality of the coiled strip produced from such castings.
  • the upper limit on the gap between the twin casting rolls that determines the thickness of the cast strand is relatively small - typically of the order of about 1 to 5 mm. If the gap is made larger, the steel strand tends not to retain its shape, and break-outs can occur.
  • twin-roll casters have always appeared to be. that they could cast steel of a dimension that is very small compared to the dimensions of conventional castings that are prepared using an oscillating mold of relatively large rectangular open area. Casting the steel in a thinner dimension using twin-roll casters has the advantage for some grades of steel of eliminating or minimizing the need for reduction rolling downstream of the caster, albeit with some loss of surface finish and less than optimum metallurgical quality, but with the benefit that much lower capital is required to build a steel-making facility than would be required for a conventional slab- casting and rolling mill.
  • drawbacks associated with conventional twin-roll casting include the following:
  • twin-roll casting may be used to produce cast strand of a greater thickness range than is normal for twin-roll casters.
  • a cast strand according to my invention may have extended metallurgical length that will allow the solidification of the strand to be continued beyond the twin-roll caster exit such that the strand retains its shape without break-out.
  • Twin-roll casting according to my invention may be used in combination with suitable downstream reduction using an in-line hot rolling process.
  • My method can produce a finished product of superior quality relative to the product conventionally produced by twin-roll casting.
  • a pool of molten steel is formed and maintained above the gap between substantially identical twin rolls of a twin-roll caster.
  • the rolls are rotated at substantially identical speeds in opposite senses downwardly toward the gap above which the pool of molten steel lies.
  • the cast strand is directed into and through the mouth of a stationary mold located immediately adjacent, underneath and downstream of the twin rolls, said mouth being of a width substantially identical to the thickness of the cast strand.
  • the cast strand is cooled as it passes through the gap between the opposed segments of the stationary mold.
  • the strand is further processed downstream of the stationary mold to form a steel strip product.
  • Cooling of the cast strand is enhanced by passing a flow of cooling water through the interior of the twin rolls and of the stationary mold.
  • the strand may be successfully cast in a wider range of thicknesses than is conventionally used in twin-roll casting, allowing subsequent reduction rolling to be used. All that the twin rolls need do is to form a solid thin skin to delimit the dimensions of the cast strand; the solidification of the large majority of the mass of the cast strand should occur downstream of the twin rolls.
  • the thickness of the cast strand as determined by the gap between the twin casting rolls may be selected to be as wide as 50 mm or as narrow as 3 mm, but is preferably selected within the range of about 5 mm to about 35 mm.
  • the strand is directed through a series of cooling rolls thereby further cooling the strand as it passes between the cooling rolls prior to hard reduction rolling of the strand.
  • processing may additionally comprise spraying the cast strand with water as it passes between the cooling rolls.
  • the side of the strand may also be sprayed with water as it passes through the gap between the segments of the stationary mold.
  • the level of the pool of molten steel is maintained such that the surface of each twin roll located between the meniscus of the pool of molten steel and the gap between the twin rolls is in the range about 25° to about 50°. Preferably, the range should be about 30° to about 45° .
  • the strand is directed through the stationary mold at the rate of about 1 to about 6 tonnes per minute.
  • a lubricant is applied to the surfaces of the twin rolls before those surfaces enter the pool of molten steel above the gap between the twin rolls.
  • the lubricant may be a selected vegetable oil, for example, rapeseed oil. Such lubricant tends to prevent sticker type break-outs of the cast strand.
  • the use of such lubricant is especially desirable when casting thicker strands at a high casting speed, and may be essential if, as preferred, no casting powder is used.
  • the surfaces of the twin rolls are ground continually thereby to maintain a desired profile and smoothness of the roll surfaces.
  • Heat is applied to the surfaces of the twin rolls to raise the surface temperature thereof just prior to those surfaces moving into contact with the pool of molten steel above the gap between the twin rolls thereby to prevent or inhibit distortion of the roll surfaces due to sudden thermal expansion when they come into contact with the pool of molten steel.
  • Operational parameters (such as rotating and stationary mold temperatures and heat transfer characteristics, casting speed, strand dimensions, water temperatures and flow rates, etc.) are adjusted so that solidification of the strand occurs less than about 10% by contact with the twin rolls and at least about 90% downstream of the gap between the twin rolls.
  • the metallurgical length is selected to be between about 0 and 3 m.
  • the cast strand is subjected to soft reduction for segregation control .
  • I provide the further additional features, as follows:
  • the cast strand is reduced in a roughing mill and then the intermediate steel strip product, is- further reduced at the exit of the roughing mill in two successive finishing reductions.
  • the roughing reduction may preferably be of the order of 30% to 50%.
  • the intermediate strip product may be additionally cooled by a method such as laminar flow cooling after it exits the roughing mill to a temperature below the Ar- . and then reheated before the first finishing reduction to a temperature above the Ar 3 , at which recrystallization occurs.
  • the strip is additionally cooled after the second finishing reduction using a method such as laminar flow cooling.
  • the foregoing controlled processing facilitates the obtention of a preferred smaller grain size when the intermediate strip is then subsequently reduced by at least two further passes through in-line reduction stages.
  • the resulting steel product has preferred metallurgical properties as a consequence of the foregoing processing.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic elevation view, partly in section, of a preferred embodiment of the twin-roll caster, tundish arrangement and downstream rolling line embodying aspects of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic layout diagram essentially identical to Figure 1, presenting a representative spacing of the sequence of constituent elements of the caster and roll line assembly, expressed in millimetres.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic end elevation view, partly in section, of a preferred embodiment of the primary and secondary tundishes, twin rolls and stationary mold of the cast arranged in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic detailed isometric view of the elements of Figure 3 shown in preferred conjunction in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • Figure 5A is a graph illustrating the thickness of cast steel strand, manufactured in accordance with the principles of the present invention, of initially cast thickness 35 mm, showing the thickness as cast and following successive reductions as a plot of downstream distance from the top of the twin-roll caster.
  • Figure 5B is a graph showing the speed of travel vs. downstream distance characteristic of cast steel strand manufactured in accordance with the principles of the present invention, as cast, and following successive reductions, for an as-cast strand thickness of 35 mm, beginning from the top of the caster.
  • Figure 5C is a graph plotting the surface temperature, average temperature and centre-line temperature of cast steel strand of initially cast thickness 35 mm, manufactured in accordance with the principles of the present invention, varying as downstream distance from the top of the twin-roll caster through successive stages of the processing sequence according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6A is a graph illustrating the thickness of cast steel strand, manufactured in accordance with the principles of the present invention, of initially cast thickness 10 mm, showing the thickness as cast and following successive reductions as a plot of downstream distance from the top of the twin-roll caster.
  • Figure 6B is a graph showing the speed of travel vs. downstream distance characteristic of cast steel strand manufactured in accordance with the principles of the present invention, as cast, and following successive reductions, for an as-cast strand thickness of 10 mm, beginning from the top of the caster.
  • Figure 6C is a graph plotting the surface temperature, average temperature and centre-line temperature of cast steel strand of initially cast thickness 10 mm, manufactured in accordance with the principles of the present invention, varying as downstream distance from the top of the twin-roll caster through successive stages of the processing sequence according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7A is a graph illustrating the thickness of cast steel strand, manufactured in accordance with the principles of the present invention, of initially cast thickness 5 mm, showing the thickness as cast and following successive reductions as a plot of downstream distance from the top of the twin-roll caster.
  • Figure 7B is a graph showing the speed of travel vs . downstream distance characteristic of cast steel strand manufactured in accordance with the principles of the present invention, as cast, and following successive reductions, for an as-cast strand thickness of 5 mm, beginning from the top of the caster.
  • Figure 7C is a graph plotting the surface temperature, average temperature and centre-line temperature of cast steel strand of initially cast thickness 5 mm, manufactured in accordance with the principles of the present invention, varying as downstream distance from the top of the twin-roll caster through successive stages of the processing sequence according to the present invention.
  • Molten steel is supplied from a primary tundish 1 to a secondary tundish 3 and thence via a guiding shroud 4 to form a pool of molten steel 53 just above the gap 55 formed between a pair of parallel horizontally aligned casting rolls 57, 59 rotating in opposite senses, the roll 57 rotating clockwise, and the roll 59 counterclockwise, as seen in the drawings.
  • Framework, bearings, mountings, etc. are omitted from the drawings for the purposes of clarity and simplicity.
  • twin-roll casters are well-known in the industry; a useful review can be found in the paper by Kasama et al . , "Twin Drum Casting Process for Stainless Steel Strand", Proceedings of SNRC-90 Conference, 14-19 October 1990, Pohang, Korea, held by The Korean Institute of Metals and The Institute of Metals, UK, at pp. 643-652. See also Cramb, "New Steel Casting Process for Thin Slab and Strand: A Historical Perspective", Iron and Steelmaker Vol. 20 No. 7, 1988, pp. 45-68.
  • twin- roll casters preferably have slightly concave crown profiles in conformity with preferred practice so as to give the cast strand a slight convex profile (positive strand crown profile) .
  • the convex profile is desirable for uniform deformation of the hot strand during subsequent hot rolling reduction (see, e.g. Chiang, "Development and Application of Pass Design Models at IPSCO's Steckel Hot Strand Mill"
  • the rolls 57, 59 may be kept within profile specifications by on-line peripheral roll grinders 8 of conventional design. As the surfaces of rolls 57, 59 rotate into contact with the pool 53 of molten steel, they become hotter. A sudden change in roll surface temperature could distort the roll surface, causing unacceptable surface variation of the cast strand 31. To prevent or mitigate such distortion, hot-air heater 25 located adjacent the rolls 57, 59 blow hot air on the roll surfaces just before these surfaces reach the pool 53 of molten steel, raising the surface temperature of the rolls.
  • the twin-roll caster 7 casts a strand 31 ranging from about 5 mm to about 35 mm in thickness, or, less economically, sized outside these preferred dimensions to a lower limit of about 3 mm and an upper limit of about 40-50 mm.
  • the casting 31 may preferably be about 900 to about 1800 mm in width, or somewhat outside these dimensions.
  • This as-cast strand 31 is subsequently processed by in-line hot rolling stands (to be described below) to achieve finished strand thickness ranging from about 1.5 mm to about 12 mm, assuming the conventional 3-to-l reduction of the initial casting.
  • the speed of rotation of the casting rolls 57, 59 is selected to range from about 1.5 rpm to about 12 rpm, the latter for castings of about 5 mm thickness and the former for castings of about 35 mm thickness.
  • Cooling water flow through the rolls 57, 59 is set at about 500 GPM to 1000 GPM per roll to provide optimum cooling effect for good strand surface quality, and is adjusted according to the thickness of the casting.
  • the primary tundish 1 is a continuing supply of molten steel 61 (of, say, 30 tons within tundish 1) replenished on a steady basis from a ladle of molten steel (not shown) .
  • the primary tundish 1 is preferably equipped with suitable flow control devices, which may, for example, consist of a turbulence inhibitor at the charging area, a baffle and dam, means for providing argon injection, and a vortex killer at the discharge , area to help promote flotation and separation of inclusions for improving steel cleanliness.
  • suitable flow control devices which may, for example, consist of a turbulence inhibitor at the charging area, a baffle and dam, means for providing argon injection, and a vortex killer at the discharge , area to help promote flotation and separation of inclusions for improving steel cleanliness.
  • a stopper rod or slide gate of conventional design (not shown) , e.g. the 13QC model sold by Stopinc AG, regulates the liquid steel flow from the primary tundish 1 to a secondary tundish 3.
  • the molten steel flows from the primary tundish 1 to the secondary tundish 3 via a well exit port and associated submerged entry nozzle 2.
  • an inert atmosphere argon shield
  • Such injection devices are used to displace any ambient air (and particularly oxygen) at the joint.
  • the submerged entry nozzle 2 of conventional design preferably made of high-temperature-resistant refractory material such as high-alumina graphite, shrouds the steel flow from the primary tundish 1 to the secondary tundish 3 to reduce re-oxidation of the molten steel.
  • a pool 63 of molten steel within the secondary tundish 3 is continuously replenished from the primary tundish 1.
  • the secondary tundish 3 may have, say, a capacity of five tons.
  • the secondary tundish 3 is preferably equipped with a tundish plasma heater (not shown) of conventional design (e.g. of the type supplied by Plasma Energy Corp. and installed in the Nucor Steel plant in Norfolk, Iowa) to improve temperature control within the range of about 5°C of target superheat temperature during sequence casting operations.
  • a guiding shroud 4 of rectangular cross-section fixed to the underside of the secondary tundish 3 and communicating with the exit port 51 of the secondary tundish 3 guides the flow of steel into the pool of molten steel 53 formed immediately above the gap 55 between twin casting rolls 57 and 59.
  • the transverse area dimension of the guiding shroud 4 at the exit port 51 from the secondary tundish 3 is preferably about 5 mm by about 600 mm, which enables the pouring of approximately four tons per minute of liquid steel from the secondary tundish 3 into the pool 53.
  • the guiding shroud 4 tends to isolate the incoming steel from ambient oxygen. Inert gas or a reducing gas or a combination of both is preferably injected above the pool 53 to prevent oxygen from gaining access to the surface of the molten steel pool 53.
  • An anti-splash cover or splash guard 5 is attached to the underside of the secondary tundish 3 and extends as two divided plates generally horizontally outwardly from and spaced by a short distance from the guiding shroud 4.
  • the splash guard 5 is designed to prevent splashed metal droplets from sticking to either of the rotating twin rolls 57, 59. Such spray of droplets is often caused by the impact of the liquid steel stream on the surface of the liquid pool underneath.
  • Another purpose of the splash guard 5 is to minimize radiation heat loss, since, in contrast to conventional designs, the liquid pool 53 is not covered by casting powder. Nor is the pool 53 in contact with a pouring nozzle or shroud. Therefore, interactions with the atmosphere, slag, and refractories can be significantly reduced, leading to improved cleanliness of the steel.
  • Mixed gases comprised of about 94% to 98% argon, 1% to 3% CH 4 , and 1% to 3% C0 2 supplied at a total pressure slightly above one atmosphere are constantly injected into the space between the splash guard 5 and the liquid steel bath 53 during the casting operation. These gases enter the space above the pool 53 via suitable injector nozzles (not shown) . They are prevented from rapidly leaving this space by the close spacing of the bent edges of the splash guard 5 to the peripheries of rolls 57, 59.
  • the CH 4 and C0 2 thus supplied are mixed in the molar ratio 1:1 and are assumed to react at 730°C to form CO and H 2 , both reducing gases.
  • the complete reaction equilibrium within the system at 730°C yields a calculated partial pressure of oxygen in the gases of 2.7 X 10' 23 atm.
  • Such a reducing gas mixture can provide effective protection against the reoxidation of liquid steel in the pool 53.
  • the foregoing arrangement permits molten steel to pass from ladle to mold with a near-minimum of contamination, near-optimum opportunity for removal of unwanted inclusions, and near-minimum opportunity for oxidation to occur.
  • the preferred absence of casting powder and the use of an open-pour guiding shroud facilitate the obtention of a clean steel product.
  • side dams 83 Located between the ends of the twin casting rolls 57, 59 are side dams 83 ( Figure 4) whose concave arcuate sides 85, 87 conform in shape and dimension to the cylindrical peripheries of the rolls 57, 59.
  • the side dams 83 serve to confine the ends of the steel pool 53.
  • the dams 83 are preferably made of high-temperature-resistant refractory material.
  • the top edge 89 of each of the dams 83 must be above the level of the meniscus of the steel pool 53 sufficiently to prevent any overflow, and should extend as close as feasible to the splash guard 5 so as to minimize the loss of the inert gas atmosphere.
  • the bottom edge 91 should extend below the kissing-point gap 55 to just above the top edges of the stationary mold 10, so as to minimize the risk of any break-out between the dam 83 and the stationary mold 10.
  • the dams 83 are designed to be movable transversely in either direction. They are illustrated in Figure 4 at the outer limit of their possible transverse movement; they may move inwardly from their positions at the ends of the rolls 57, 59 to reduce the width of the cast strand.
  • Means (not shown) , such'as a -suitable conventional hydraulic piston/cylinder arrangement, may be provided to adjust the spacing between the dams 83 to accommodate varying widths of strand.
  • Rape-seed oil or other suitable lubricant is applied to the surface of each of the twin casting rolls 57, 59 via lubricant injectors 6.
  • the lubricant tends to minimize the risk of adherence of steel droplets to the surfaces of the casting rolls 57 and 59, and tends to prevent sticker-type breakouts of the cast strand.
  • the molten steel passes from the top of pool 53 to the gap 55, it begins to solidify. If the gap 55 is very narrow, say less than about 5 mm, the steel may be completely solidified at or near the kissing point between rolls 57, 59. However, at wider gap dimensions, the still hot, liquid core of the steel as it emerges downstream of the gap 55 will not permit the strand reliably to retain its shape; absent the precautions, the risk of break-out would be high. This fact has limited the use of conventional twin-roll casters to cast strand thicknesses of less than about 5 mm.
  • a stationary mold 10 Positioned immediately downstream and underneath of the rolls 57 and 59 is' a stationary mold 10 having a central channel 65 of rectangular cross-section whose narrow dimension is approximately equal to or very slightly smaller than the dimension of the gap 55 between the twin casting rolls 57 and 59.
  • the width of the channel 65 may taper very slightly inwardly from top to bottom to accommodate thermal contraction and solidification shrinkage of the steel strand as it solidifies; the gap width may receive fine adjustment by machining the surfaces of the stationary copper mold 10.
  • the stationary mold 10 is preferably a water- cooled copper mold, i.e. its faces forming the interior channel 65 are formed of copper; the balance of the mold structure may be made of steel.
  • the mold 10 is shaped so that its upper concave surfaces 69 lie as close as possible to the casting rolls 57 and 59 above, and in particular so that the entry mouth 57 of the mold channel 65 is as close as possible to the kissing-point 55 between the casting rolls 57 and 59.
  • the flow of mold cooling water may be adjusted so that heat flux extraction in the range of about 5 to about 30 cal/cm 2 /sec is obtained. This range should be satisfactory for the range of casting thicknesses for which the equipment is designed.
  • the stationary mold 10 may not be necessary. If the strand is solid as it leaves the twin casting rolls 57, 59, there is no need for the stationary mold 10, which can be removed and/or by-passed. However, the principal benefits of the present invention are obtained when the strand is wide enough to be cooled appreciably downstream of the casting rolls 57, 59, and when a series of reductions of such strand occur, as described below.
  • Cooling of the molten steel occurs over that portion of the peripheral cylindrical surface of each of the rolls 57, 59 subtended by angle A ( Figure 3) , and by the interior vertical faces 73 of the stationary mold 10. Further cooling occurs in a strand containment and secondary spray cooling station 11, to be further described below.
  • the vertical faces 73 of the stationary mold provide a cooling area that is about equal to the cooling area provided by the cylindrical surface subtended by angle A of each of the twin casting rolls 57, 59.
  • the ratio of cooling surface area of stationary mold to twin-roll caster cooling surface area, and the ratio of both to the strand containment cooling area to be described further below may vary considerably according to the designer's preference, but I consider best results are obtained, at least for castings above 20 mm in thickness, if 90% or more of solidification of the cast strand occurs downstream of the casting rolls 57, 59.
  • the additional provision of the stationary mold 10 to the layout can substantially increase the available primary cooling area for the steel being cast, as compared with conventional twin-roll caster design. This enables much wider gaps 55, 65 to be present between the twin rolls 57, 59 and the two opposed cooling blocks 64, 66 of the stationary caster 10 than is possible using conventional design.
  • end walls are preferably provided on the stationary mold to close the ends of the mold gap 65.
  • end walls are preferably provided on the stationary mold to close the ends of the mold gap 65.
  • end walls may be omitted and instead water sprays may be provided to cool the edges of the cast strand 31 as it passes through the mold gap 65.
  • the mold 10 While reference herein is made to the mold 10 as being a "stationary" mold, it is to be understood that the two opposed cooling blocks 64, 66 of the stationary mold 10 could be designated to be moved towards and away from one another to accommodate varying thicknesses of casting. The same, of course, is true for the twin rolls 57 and 59; the gap 55 may be adjusted according to the casting thickness desired.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can be used for making castings with a thickness as thin as about 5 mm or even somewhat less, some of the principal advantages of the invention are most markedly obtained when the thickness of the casting is relatively large, in about the 20 to 35 mm range or even somewhat higher.
  • a strand containment stage 11 comprising opposed pairs of horizontally rotatably mounted segmented rolls 29, one in each pair on either side of the cast strand 31 emanating from the stationary mold 10. These opposed rolls 29 are aligned with the exit port 52 of the stationary mold 10 and provide an opportunity for further cooling of the casting 31 before it reaches preferred reduction rolling temperature.
  • the strand containment stage 11 may, for example, comprise 8 pairs of segmented rolls 29 located immediately below the extended water-cooled copper mold 10. Such segmented rolls may be of the same general type as used in conjunction with conventional oscillating slab casters.
  • the strand containment apparatus 11 along with the cooling surfaces of the stationary water-cooled mold 10 provide an effective metallurgical length (from the kissing point of the twin casting rolls 57, 59) of about 2100 mm for strand cast at 35 mm thickness.
  • Equipment so designed will allow a calculated casting speed up to about 8 to 9 m/min for cast strand 35 mm thick and up to about 1 m/sec for strand 5 mm thick.
  • the widths of the gaps between opposed pairs of supporting rolls 29 for the strand containment apparatus 11 may be sequentially reduced, providing soft reduction for center-line segregation control.
  • a battery of water/air mist spray nozzles 33 on either side of the roll pairs 29 provides spray cooling of the strand as it passes through the .strand containment stage.
  • the water spray may be omitted for the thinner cast strands if found to be unnecessary.
  • the soft reduction in conjunction with the dynamic air-mist secondary spray cooling facilitates good external and internal quality of the strand.
  • the designed heat flux removal from the secondary spray cooling is calculated to be in the range of about 10 cal/cm 2 /sec to about 35 cal/cm 2 /sec.
  • the solidification constant of the cast strand is a function of spray water intensity and strand thickness. -Calculated solidification constants are typically in the range of about 30 mm/V'min to about 45 mm/V'min for thicker cast strands.
  • a pair of opposed drive rolls 12 of 380 mm in diameter are located below the strand containment station 11 and just above the strand bending/unbending zone 13 (to be described) to regulate the speed of the cast steel strand 31 through subsequent stages.
  • the bending and unbending (redirection) zone or station 13 consists of three pairs of bending and unbending rolls (to be described) to bend and unbend the strand from a vertical position to a horizontal position.
  • the overall • bending and unbending radius of the arc of travel of the strand 31 is preferably about 3000 mm.
  • an offset bending roll pair 24, 26 are followed by an opposed roll pair 28, 30, and finally, by an offset unbending roll pair 32, 34.
  • the roll pairs 24, 26 and 32, 34 comprise offset, rather than opposed, rolls.
  • the rolls 26, 30 and 34 that are located on the interior of the arc of travel of the steel strand 31 through the redirection station 13 are spaced more closely together than are the rolls 24, 28, 32 on the exterior of the arc of travel of the steel strand 31 through the redirection station 13. This arrangement is effective to redirect the steel strand 31 passing through the redirection station 13, with a minimum of redirection rolls being required - as few as three pair, as illustrated, can effect a smooth redirection of the steel strand 31.
  • the cast strand 31 is preferably reduced in thickness by hard reduction to improve dimensional uniformity, surface smoothness, steel microstructure and metallurgical quality.
  • a 3-to-l reduction is desirable to achieve optimum metallurgical quality at minimum expense so as to obtain preferred physical properties of the steel.
  • a roughing stage and subsequent finishing stages are provided according to the preference of the rolling mill designer.
  • the cast strand 31 passes first through a roughing mill 15 and then subsequently through finishing mills 19 and 21.
  • the first reduction could occur while the strand is travelling vertically, in which case the drive roll pair 12 would be replaced by a hot reduction rolling stand equipped with a conventional hydraulic descaler.
  • the drive roll pair 12 would be replaced by a hot reduction rolling stand equipped with a conventional hydraulic descaler.
  • a hydraulic descale box 14 is used to descale the strand 31 prior to entering the first reduction pass through a 4-high roughing stand 15 of conventional design (except as to the width of the roll gap) .
  • the in-line 4-high roughing stand 15 is used to roll as-cast strand with a reduction ratio of preferably about 0.3 to 0.5.
  • the work roll and back-up roll diameters are preferably about 635/700 mm and 1925/2000 mm, respectively.
  • the barrel length is preferably about 1925 mm.
  • the mill drive may be equipped with 1600 horse power with a maximum roll torque of 3.5 x 10 5 fl-lb and a maximum roll force of 16 MN/m.
  • a first laminar flow cooling control stage or station 16 Downstream of the roughing stand 15 is a first laminar flow cooling control stage or station 16.
  • the cooling stage 16 is designed, together with the immediately following induction furnace 17 to be described, for the purpose of achieving preferred metallurgical results. Specifically, once a significant amount of energy has imparted to the strand 31 by the roughing reduction in roughing stand 15, the laminar flow cooling station 16 reduces the temperature of the intermediate steel strip to a value below the AT J temperature. Subsequently, in the induction furnace 17, the temperature of the intermediate steel strand is brought up to a level above the Ar 3 temperature. This enables recrystallization to occur in the steel. Subsequent rolling in the finishing roll stands to be described below enables a relatively fine grain structure to be achieved with suitable surface properties on the finished steel strip. Such strip is characterized by a combination of metallurgical properties that cannot be achieved by conventional twin roll casting processes.
  • Designed heat flux removal from laminar water flow at the station 16 is preferably in the range of about 10/cal/cm 2 /sec to about 35 cal/cm 2 /sec.
  • the effective cooling zone is preferably about 2000 mm. This laminar flow cooling station (which is normally used in conjunction with the reheat furnace 17) may not have to be operated for the rolling of some grades of steel, but will be important in the thermomechanical rolling of high-strength steels.
  • inductive heating furnace 17 downstream of cooling station 16 is particularly important for thin strip production because of severe temperature drop during the earlier upstream stages.
  • An induction edge heater (not shown) within or associated with furnace 17 can also be used to compensate for the severe temperature drop of wider strand.
  • Input of heat flux is preferably in the range of about 10 cal/cm 2 /sec to 35 cal/cm 2 /sec.
  • the effective reheating zone is about 3000 mm.
  • a second hydraulic descale box 18 is used to descale the strip 31 following its reheating by the reheat furnace/edge heater 17 and prior to entering into the first 4-high finishing roll stand 19.
  • the in-line 4-high finishing stand 19 rolls the strip 31 with a reduction of preferably about 0.1 to 0.3.
  • the work roll and back-up roll diameters are preferably about 500/600 mm and 1020/1100 mm, respectively.
  • the barrel length is preferably about 1925 mm.
  • the mill drive may be of about 1200 hp with a maximum roll torque of about 7.5 x 10 5 fl-lb and a maximum roll force of about 10 MN/m.
  • the first 4-high finishing stand 19, is preferably equipped with hydraulic automatic gauge control (AGO , and work roll shifting and bending capability for strip thickness and shape control.
  • a hydraulic descale box 20 is used to descale the strip 31 prior to entering into a second 4-high finishing roll stand 21.
  • the in-line 4-high finishing stand 21 is used to impart a final finishing reduction to the strip 31, with a preferred reduction ratio of about 0.03 to 0.2.
  • the finished strip thickness ranges from about 1 mm to about 12 mm.
  • Work roll and back-up roll diameters for stand 21 are preferably about 500/600 mm and 1020/1100 mm respectively.
  • the barrel length is preferably about 1925 mm.
  • the mill drive for the finishing stand 21 may provide about 450 hp with a maximum roll torque of about 1.5 x 10 5 ft-lb and a maximum roll force of about 10 MN/m.
  • the second 4-high finishing stand 21 is preferably equipped with hydraulic AGC, and work roll shifting and bending capability.
  • a second laminar water flow cooling station 22 downstream of the final finishing stand 21 is designed for the purpose of accelerated controlled cooling.to achieve the desired downcoiler temperature.
  • Designed heat flux removal from laminar water flow cooling is preferably in the range of about 10/cal/cm 2 /sec to 40 cal/cm 2 /sec.
  • the effective cooling zone is about 5000 mm.
  • a conventional shear 23 and conventional downcoiler 27 terminate the rolling line.
  • the strip after final cooling is wound up in the down-coiler 24 and then cut to length by the shear 23.
  • Other optional equipment that might be found in a conventional rolling mill are not shown for purposes of simplification, it being understood that one or more of such optional items of equipment may be provided or omitted at the discretion of the mill designer, according to the preferred practice to be followed in the mill.
  • An arrangement of the foregoing type should be able to produce cast strand from about 5 mm up to at least about 35 mm in thickness, and perhaps, depending upon desired properties of the final product, up to about 40 to 50 mm in thickness.
  • the described arrangement is expected not to be as economically attractive as conventional mills that cast steel in about the 2-inch range.
  • the present invention offers much more versatility than a conventional twin-roll caster. Because of the additional cooling provided by the stationary mold and the immediately following strand containment station, as compared with the very limited cooling afforded by a conventional twin-roll caster, the caster and associated equipment herein described permit the casting of steel strand at a high casting speed over a wide range of thicknesses, permitting downstream reduction rolling to improve dimensional, surface and metallurgical quality, and affording a relatively wide range of end product thicknesses.
  • the fact that the casting thickness of strand cast using the equipment and technique according to the invention is oversize relative to cast strand produced by conventional twin-roll casters means that at least two, and preferably at least three, reductions of the steel strand can and should occur downstream of the caster, thereby improving the dimensional, surface and metallurgical qualities of the finished coiled strip product (obviously the strand could be cut to length and kept flat, but coil is the most usual product of this kind of process) .
  • Example 1A comprising equipment arranged in accordance with Example 1 set to obtain a casting thickness of 35 mm
  • Example IB for the same equipment, set to obtain a casting thickness of 10 mm
  • Example 1C for the same equipment, set to obtain a casting thickness of 5 mm.
  • Product width about 900 to about
  • Coil weight about 15 to 40 metric tons
  • Heat size 100 to 150 metric tons Steel grades: carbon, stainless, HSLA, and drawing quality steels
  • Twin roll rotating speed 1.5 to 12 rpm (depends on casting thickness)
  • Stationary water-cooled copper mold length 900 mm
  • Primary cooling water flow rate 500 to 1000 GPM
  • Inter-roll spacing 130 mm
  • Metallurgical length (below kissing point of twin rolls) 2100 mm
  • Secondary spray cooling air-mist cooling heat-extraction capacity 10 to 30 cal/cm 2 sec
  • Thickness reduction ratio 0.3 to 0.5
  • Heat-extraction capacity 10 to 35 cal/cm 2 sec Roller hearth furnace
  • Heating medium inductive 4-high finishing rolling stands:
  • Thickness reduction first stand: 0.2 to 0.4 second stand: 0.02 to 0.2
  • Main drive first stand: 1200 hp (670 kW) second stand: 450 hp (240 kW)
  • the tunnel furnace 17 and first laminar flow cooling unit 16 are not operating. Accordingly, the steel strand passing through these units will lose heat only through the conduction, convection and radiation losses associated with the idle condition of laminar flow unit 16 and tunnel furnace 17.
  • the second laminar flow unit 22 is assumed to be operating for the purposes of this example. The following values were assumed or calculated from the computer simulation used:
  • Mold Water Temperature Difference (between entrance water temperature and exit water temperature in twin rolls) , 1.745°
  • Heat Flux Input (heat loss) (cal/cm 2 /sec) -5.00
  • the graph plotted shows half-strand thickness of the cast steel strand relative to the downstream distance from the top of the twin roll caster.
  • Figure 5B shows the successive increases in strand speed as the strand passes successive reductions.
  • the speed up to the point of entry into roughing roll stand 15 is the as- cast speed that is regulated by drive rolls 12.
  • the letters R, Fl and F2 correspond to the reduction points previously identified for Figure 5A, and show the successive speed increases of the strand as it passes through its initial roughing reduction at point R and successive finishing reductions at points Fl and F2.
  • temperatures at three positions of the cast steel strand are calculated to represent the thermal profile of the strand.
  • Curve S plots the surface temperature of the steel strand;
  • Curve A plots the average temperature through the steel strand, and
  • Curve C plots the centre-line temperature for the steel strand.
  • the temperatures are plotted relative to the downstream distance from the top of the twin-roll caster to the downcoiler, as is the case for the other graphs in the accompanying drawings.
  • Example IB is identical to Example 1A, except that instead of a 35 mm as-cast strand thickness, the thickness is set in the computer simulation at 10 mm.
  • the computed parameters for Example IB are as follows:
  • Twin-roll caster parameters Twin Roll Cooling Water Flow Rate, 500 GPM per roll
  • Mold Water Temperature Difference (between entrance water temperature and exit water temperature in twin rolls) , 9.2°
  • Figures 6A, 6B and 6C is 10 mm instead of 35 mm for Figures
  • Examples 1A and IB namely the fact that for the 10 mm as- cast steel strand, the tunnel furnace 17 is operated, whereas it was not operated for the 35 mm example 1A. This difference is graphically illustrated in Figure 6C, which shows a gradual temperature increase beginning at point T when the strand reaches the entry port of the tunnel furnace 17.
  • Example 1C is identical to Example IB, except that instead of a 10 mm as-cast strand thickness, the thickness is set in the computer simulation at 5 mm.
  • the computed parameters for Example 1C are as follows :
  • Mold Water Temperature Difference (between entrance water temperature and exit water temperature in twin rolls) , 19.6°
  • Figures 6A, 6B and 6C is 5 mm instead of 10 mm for Figures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

Une machine de coulée à deux cylindres produit une plaque d'acier dont l'épaisseur est, de préférence, de 5-35 mm. Directement en aval des deux cylindres, la plaque d'acier coulé est refroidie par passage à travers un moule fixe (10) refroidi par eau. A sa sortie dudit moule fixe, la plaque d'acier passe à travers une série de cylindres de refroidissement, continuant ainsi à se refroidir sous l'effet du contact avec ces cylindres et avec de l'eau pulvérisée. La masse d'acier en fusion accumulé au-dessus des deux cylindres est maintenue à un niveau tel que la surface de chacun des deux cylindres comprise entre le ménisque de la masse d'acier en fusion accumulé et l'espace le plus faible séparant les deux cylindres correspond à un angle compris, de préférence, entre 30° environ et 45° environ. La plaque d'acier traverse le moule fixe (10) à une vitesse d'environ 1 à environ 6 tonnes par minute. Les surfaces des deux cylindres sont continuellement lubrifiées, rectifiées et chauffées. Des paramètres de fonctionnement sont réglés de façon que la solidification de la plaque d'acier se fasse à moins de 10 % par contact avec les deux cylindres et au moins à environ 90 % en aval de l'espace minimum entre les deux cylindres. La longueur métallurgique choisie est comprise entre environ 0 et 3 m. La plaque d'acier est soumise à une réduction douce pour que la ségrégation soit limitée. En aval du moule fixe (10), la plaque d'acier peut être réduite en épaisseur par une série de réductions dures, cela permettant d'obtenir une bande d'acier dont l'épaisseur équivaut environ à un tiers, ou moins, de l'épaisseur de la plaque initiale.
PCT/CA1995/000405 1994-07-08 1995-07-07 Procede de coulee et de laminage d'acier au moyen d'une machine de coulee a deux cylindres WO1996001710A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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AU28774/95A AU2877495A (en) 1994-07-08 1995-07-07 Method of casting and rolling steel using twin-roll caster

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US27267894A 1994-07-08 1994-07-08
US08/272,678 1994-07-08
US46800995A 1995-06-06 1995-06-06
US08/468,009 1995-06-06

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0860215A1 (fr) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-26 Kvaerner Metals Continuous Casting Limited Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'acier en continu
FR2783443A1 (fr) * 1998-09-21 2000-03-24 Usinor Procede de fabrication d'une bande mince en acier inoxydable
WO2003057391A1 (fr) * 2002-01-10 2003-07-17 Sms Demag Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'utilisation d'un dispositif de coulee en bande comportant une machine de coulee en bande a deux cylindres
FR2855992A1 (fr) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-17 Usinor Procede et installation de coule continue directe d'une bande metallique
EP2258491A1 (fr) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Outil de rotation pour une chaîne de laminage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation composite de coulée-laminage
US7888158B1 (en) 2009-07-21 2011-02-15 Sears Jr James B System and method for making a photovoltaic unit
US7967056B2 (en) 2005-07-19 2011-06-28 Giovanni Arvedi Process and related plant for manufacturing steel long products without interruption
US8162032B2 (en) * 2005-07-19 2012-04-24 Giovanni Arvedi Process and plant for manufacturing steel plates without interruption
CN103100674A (zh) * 2012-11-29 2013-05-15 一重集团大连设计研究院有限公司 一种水平双辊连铸机的组合式侧封装置
CN103553557A (zh) * 2013-11-05 2014-02-05 北京科技大学 高炉熔渣生产铸石的连铸压延工艺方法及其设备
CN110508765A (zh) * 2019-09-09 2019-11-29 东北大学 一种有利于消除芯部缺陷的大方坯连铸制造方法
WO2022053482A1 (fr) * 2020-09-08 2022-03-17 Sms Group Gmbh Installation et procédé de coulée continue et de laminage ultérieur d'un feuillard d'acier
EP4144460A4 (fr) * 2020-06-25 2023-09-06 Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Procédé de refroidissement et de réduction d'ébauche de plaque permettant d'améliorer la qualité de l'ébauche de coulée

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JPS6277151A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-09 Nippon Steel Corp 双ロール型連続鋳造装置
JPS62197246A (ja) * 1986-02-21 1987-08-31 Kobe Steel Ltd 連続鋳造押出し装置
JPH0390261A (ja) * 1989-08-31 1991-04-16 Nippon Steel Corp 連続鋳造方法
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JPS6277151A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-09 Nippon Steel Corp 双ロール型連続鋳造装置
JPS62197246A (ja) * 1986-02-21 1987-08-31 Kobe Steel Ltd 連続鋳造押出し装置
US5065811A (en) * 1988-11-26 1991-11-19 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for the manufacture of hot rolled steel strip
JPH0390261A (ja) * 1989-08-31 1991-04-16 Nippon Steel Corp 連続鋳造方法

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0860215A1 (fr) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-26 Kvaerner Metals Continuous Casting Limited Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'acier en continu
FR2783443A1 (fr) * 1998-09-21 2000-03-24 Usinor Procede de fabrication d'une bande mince en acier inoxydable
EP0988901A1 (fr) * 1998-09-21 2000-03-29 Ugine S.A. Procédé de fabrication d'une bande mince en acier inoxydable
CN100358645C (zh) * 1998-09-21 2008-01-02 尤吉纳股份有限公司 不锈钢薄带的制造方法
WO2003057391A1 (fr) * 2002-01-10 2003-07-17 Sms Demag Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'utilisation d'un dispositif de coulee en bande comportant une machine de coulee en bande a deux cylindres
KR101064608B1 (ko) * 2003-06-10 2011-09-15 아르셀러미탈 프랑스 금속 박판의 연속적인 직접 주조 방법 및 플랜트
FR2855992A1 (fr) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-17 Usinor Procede et installation de coule continue directe d'une bande metallique
WO2004110678A1 (fr) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-23 Usinor Procede et installation de coulee continue directe d'une bande metallique
US8162032B2 (en) * 2005-07-19 2012-04-24 Giovanni Arvedi Process and plant for manufacturing steel plates without interruption
US7967056B2 (en) 2005-07-19 2011-06-28 Giovanni Arvedi Process and related plant for manufacturing steel long products without interruption
WO2010139659A1 (fr) 2009-06-04 2010-12-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Train de laminoir économe en énergie et procédé économe en énergie permettant de faire fonctionner une installation combinée de coulée et de laminage
EP2258491A1 (fr) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Outil de rotation pour une chaîne de laminage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation composite de coulée-laminage
US9174255B2 (en) 2009-06-04 2015-11-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energy-saving rolling mill train and energy-saving process for operating a combined casting and rolling station
US7888158B1 (en) 2009-07-21 2011-02-15 Sears Jr James B System and method for making a photovoltaic unit
CN103100674A (zh) * 2012-11-29 2013-05-15 一重集团大连设计研究院有限公司 一种水平双辊连铸机的组合式侧封装置
CN103553557A (zh) * 2013-11-05 2014-02-05 北京科技大学 高炉熔渣生产铸石的连铸压延工艺方法及其设备
CN110508765A (zh) * 2019-09-09 2019-11-29 东北大学 一种有利于消除芯部缺陷的大方坯连铸制造方法
EP4144460A4 (fr) * 2020-06-25 2023-09-06 Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Procédé de refroidissement et de réduction d'ébauche de plaque permettant d'améliorer la qualité de l'ébauche de coulée
WO2022053482A1 (fr) * 2020-09-08 2022-03-17 Sms Group Gmbh Installation et procédé de coulée continue et de laminage ultérieur d'un feuillard d'acier

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