WO1996001440A1 - Systeme d'affichage servant a superposer trois images pour obtenir une image mixte - Google Patents

Systeme d'affichage servant a superposer trois images pour obtenir une image mixte Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996001440A1
WO1996001440A1 PCT/NL1995/000235 NL9500235W WO9601440A1 WO 1996001440 A1 WO1996001440 A1 WO 1996001440A1 NL 9500235 W NL9500235 W NL 9500235W WO 9601440 A1 WO9601440 A1 WO 9601440A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
display system
eyepiece
helmet
incident
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL1995/000235
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Godwin Jeroom Odo Ghislenus Van Hooreweder
Original Assignee
B.V. Optische Industrie 'de Oude Delft'
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by B.V. Optische Industrie 'de Oude Delft' filed Critical B.V. Optische Industrie 'de Oude Delft'
Publication of WO1996001440A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996001440A1/fr

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B27/0103Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
    • G02B2027/0105Holograms with particular structures
    • G02B2027/0107Holograms with particular structures with optical power
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0112Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0127Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the depth of field
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0138Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0143Head-up displays characterised by optical features the two eyes not being equipped with identical nor symmetrical optical devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017Head mounted
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20Filters
    • G02B5/28Interference filters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a display system for superposing three images for obtaining a mixed image.
  • a display system according to the invention can be used for various applications where there is a need for mixing three different images together and transmitting them in the same direction so that they can then be perceived or projected onto, for example, a screen.
  • the first image corresponds to, for example, a greenish- coloured partial image
  • the second image to a reddish- coloured partial image
  • the third image to a bluish- coloured partial image.
  • the system can be used in, for example, a colour television projection system.
  • the system can also be used in, for example, a night vision.
  • the first image corresponds, for example, to a night image
  • the second image to an information image
  • the third image to a day image.
  • European Patent Application 0,475,790 discloses a display system suitable for fixing on the head or to a helmet, in which a day image, night image and video image are mixed together. Only one (holographic) element is used in this case, in order to mix a video image and night image. These two mixed images are then projected together with a daylight image through a combination optical system in the direction of the eye.
  • a disad ⁇ vantage of such a display system is that all three of the images are of necessity always displayed at the same distance and are always simultaneously sharp for a user.
  • Another type of display system is known from European Patent Application 0,252,200. These display systems are used, inter alia, for the helmets of pilots particularly of military aircraft and helicopters. In these systems a clear transparency is mixed with a night image, the night image being an intensified image. For the purpose of obtaining a clear image of an environment in which the light intensity is low, this known display system provides a user with an extremely clear, high- resolution image. Even if the intensity of the ambient light increases, a clear image is still obtained, due to the fact that a user can also perceive the environment directly.
  • a user wearing such a system can therefore perceive in daylight, twilight and darkness without having to put on or take off the helmet.
  • the ambient light is projected by the display system directly in the direction of the eye.
  • a head fastening system or helmet provided with such a display system also has the advantage that a centre of gravity can be achieved which is situated ideally for the user.
  • the display system according to the invention is characterized in that the display system is provided with an eyepiece made up of a first and second light-transmitting, reflecting element with angle- dependent and freguency-dependent reflection and transmission characteristics, the first image is incident upon a first side of the first element, the second image is incident upon a second side of the first element, and the third image is incident upon a side of the second element, and in which the abovementioned characteristics lead to the three images emerging through the eyepiece as a mixed image.
  • a special embodiment according to the invention is characterized in that the system is also provided with at least one image intensifier unit with an input onto which an image can be projected and an output which retransmits the projected image at an increased intensity and within a predetermined first frequency band, for the purpose of obtaining an intensified image forming the first image, the abovementioned characteristics, combined with the abovementioned first frequency band, causing the intensified image to emerge through the eyepiece in the direction of the eye, and a picture tube which transmits a visible video image forming the second image, while the abovementioned characteristics of the eyepiece cause the video image to emerge through the eyepiece in the direction of the eye within a predetermined second frequency band.
  • a user for example a pilot who is wearing a helmet provided with such a display system, therefore in principle does not have to take his eyes off the sur- roundings in order to perceive the required weapon system information or other information. This is because the information coming from the display unit can be displayed in the pilot's field of vision, while he is looking for example, straight out ahead.
  • European Patent Applications 0,286,496 and
  • a special embodiment of the invention is characterized in that in succession the intensified image is reflected by the first element, is reflected and collimated by the second element, and is then transmitted by the first element.
  • the video image is reflected by the first element in the same direction as that in which the intensified image emerges. More par ⁇ ticularly, the intensified image and the video image respectively are incident upon the first element at different sides of the first element.
  • the angle of incidence of the intensified image on the first element is different from the angle of incidence of the video image on the first element.
  • the first frequency band com ⁇ prises, for example, at any rate essentially greenish- coloured light
  • the second frequency band comprises at any rate essentially reddish-coloured light. Due to such a choice of frequencies, the abovementioned reflec ⁇ tions and transmissions of the first and second element can be achieved. Moreover, it is very advantageous for a user that the video image is perceived in a different colour from that of the night image. Confusion between the two images is consequently ruled out, while the colour contrast improves the separate perception of each of the two images.
  • the display system according to the invention has the further advantage that a daylight image is trans ⁇ mitted in succession by the second and first element and emerges from the eyepiece in the same direction as the intensified image and the video image. This means that the day image can be perceived directly.
  • the first element comprises at least one holographic layer.
  • the first element comprises at least one multilayer interference filter.
  • the second element preferably comprises at least one holographic concave layer and herewith forms a concave collimating holographic mirror.
  • the second element preferably comprises a curved multilayer interference filter.
  • the system is also provided with a lens part by means of which, for example, the night image is projected onto the input of the image intensifier unit.
  • the abovementioned image display unit can consist of, for example an LCD or a CRT.
  • the invention also relates to a helmet provided with such a display system.
  • Such a helmet is preferably provided with an image intensifier unit (IIT) and an eyepiece for each eye of a user, and the helmet is also provided with a common image display unit for one of the eyes or both eyes. This means that a user can perceive both the day image and the night image in stereo, i.e. in three dimensions.
  • IIT image intensifier unit
  • eyepiece for each eye of a user
  • common image display unit for one of the eyes or both eyes.
  • Figure l shows a schematic drawing of a display system according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a reflection characteristic of a first element according to Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows an emission spectrum of a phos ⁇ phor screen according to Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 shows a transmission characteristic of the first element according to Figure l
  • Figure 5 shows an alternative schematic drawing of a display system according to the invention
  • Figure 6 shows a front view of a display system mounted on a helmet
  • Figure 7 shows a side view of a part of the display system of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 shows a top view of a part of the display system of Figure 6.
  • FIG l diagrammatically shows a display system l which is suitable for, for example, mounting on a helmet.
  • the display system l comprises a first light- transmitting, reflecting element 2, having angle-depend ⁇ ent and frequency-dependent reflection and transmission characteristics which are defined in greater detail below with reference to Figures 2, 3 and 4.
  • the first element 2 consists of a flat element which is known per se and has at least one holographic layer or multi ⁇ layer interference filter as will be explained in greater detail below.
  • the display system 1 comprises a second light-transmitting, reflecting element 4 which has angle-dependent and frequency-dependent reflection and transmission characteristics which are defined in greater detail below with reference to Figures 2, 3 and 4.
  • the second element 4 consists of a concave collimating element 4, which is known per se and has at least one holographic layer (concave holographic mirror) or multilayer interference filter, as will be explained in greater detail below.
  • the two elements 2, 4 together form an eyepiece 6 of the display system 1.
  • a light beam 8 from a day image in the direction of the eyepiece is transmitted both by the second element 4 and by the first element 2.
  • a light beam 10 coming from a night image is incident upon a first side 12 of the first element 2 and is reflected by it in the direction of the second element 4.
  • the light beam 10 is then reflected back by the second element 4 in the direction of the first element 2.
  • the light beam 10 reflected by the second element 4 is transmitted by the first element in the same direction as the light beam 8.
  • a light beam 14 from a video image is also incident upon a second side 16 of the first element and is also reflected by it in the direction of the light beam 8.
  • the day image, night image and video image are mixed together and can be perceived by an eye 18 of a user.
  • An identical second display system 1 can be used for a second eye 20 of a user. This means that the user can perceive the day image and the night image in three dimensions.
  • the video image can be reflected towards both eyes, or if desired to only one eye. In the latter case the reflection of the video image can be omitted for one of the two display systems l.
  • the display system 1 is provided with means which are known per se for generating the night image and the video image, which will not be discussed in any further detail in connection with Figure l.
  • Figure 2 shows the reflection characteristic 22 of the first side 12 of the first element 2 for light beams which are incident at an angle HI relative to the normal of the first side 12.
  • the first side of the first element is designed in such a way that light beams with a wave ⁇ length of around 550 nm are reflected virtually complete ⁇ ly.
  • This property is put to use by generating a night image with frequencies falling at any rate at least within a frequency band comprising wavelengths of around 550 nm. This can be achieved by, for example, using a phosphor screen which is known per se for generating the night image, which in this case is greenish.
  • Figure 3 shows the emission spectrum of such a phosphor screen, which spectrum has a peak 24 around 550 nm.
  • the incident light beam 10 is in fact reflected at any rate essentially by the first element 2.
  • the sidebands 26, lying at either side of the peak 24, are simply transmitted.
  • the first side 12 can be provided with a holographic layer 13, which is known per se, or a multilayer interference filter 13, which is also known per se, on a light-transmitting medium, which is shown hatched in the drawing.
  • the characteristics of the second element are selected in such a way that a light beam which is inci ⁇ dent at an angle H2 and has a frequency spectrum compris- ing a peak around 550 nm is reflected.
  • the second element 4 is provided with a holographic layer 25 or multilayer interference filter 25, known per se, on a light-transmitting medium which is shown hatched in the drawing. The above is comparable to what was discussed in relation to the first element and will not be explained in any further detail here.
  • the second side 16 of the first element 2 has reflection and transmission characteristics which are comparable to the characteristics of the first side 12 discussed above.
  • the second side 16 is designed in such a way that a light beam 14 which is incident at an angle H3 is reflected for frequencies containing reddish-coloured light.
  • the second side 16 can be provided for this purpose with a holographic layer 17, which is known per se, or a multilayer interference filter, which is likewise known per se, on a light-trans ⁇ mitting medium shown hatched in the drawing.
  • the reflected video image 14 accordingly comprises reddish- coloured light. This has the additional advantage that a user can easily distinguish the greenish night image in this example from the reddish video image.
  • the video image which is incident upon the first element 2 will therefore comprise at least a frequency band which at any rate partially overlaps the frequencies or the frequency band for which, at an angle of incidence H3, reflections occur on the first element 2.
  • the inci ⁇ dent video image can be, for example, a black-and-white image.
  • the reddish frequency components of this image are then reflected, and the remaining components are trans ⁇ mitted by the first element 2.
  • Figure 4 also shows the transmission characteristic of the first element 2 when a light beam is incident at a smaller angle which differs from the angle HI. It can be seen from this that transmission occurs when the wavelength deviates from about 625 nm. This explains the fact that the light beam 10 reflected by the second element 4 is transmitted by the first element.
  • the second element 4 has transmission characteristics comparable to Figure 4, so that the daylight - which in fact comprises a continuous frequency spectrum -is transmitted virtually entirely by the second and first element.
  • the video image reflected by the first element 2 can be a different colour from that described above - such as, for example, a bluish reflected image 14' - this can be achieved by making the video image 14' be incident upon the first element 2 at an angle H4 which in this example is greater than HI.
  • the first element 2 comprises only a single layer 17 with the abovementioned angle- dependent and frequency-dependent reflection and transmission characteristics, which means that the first layer 13 and the second layer 17 belong to one and the same layer, which in Figure 5 is provided with a reference number 13.
  • a holographic layer 13 or multilayer interference filter with the characteristics shown in Figure 2 and 4, the frequency-dependent reflection and transmission characteristics shown in those figures are achieved for one specific angle of incidence, for example the angle Hi.
  • the angle of incidence is other than HI, the corresponding centre frequencies of the peak in Figure 2 and of the trough in Figure 4 are also different.
  • the angle of incidence relative to the normal for the light coming from the image intensifier unit must be different from the angle of incidence relative to the normal of the light from the video image, in order to be able to ensure that the direction of emergence of both the night vision image and the video image is the same.
  • the angles con- cerned are indicated by Hi and H3 respectively in
  • the embodiment with only one holo- graphic layer 13 or multilayer interference filter 13, described here and shown in Figure 5, has not only the advantage that only one layer with angle-dependent and frequency-dependent reflection and transmission char ⁇ acteristics need be applied to a substrate, but also the advantage that the night vision image and the video image are reflected in colours (greenish and reddish respectively) , in the case of which research has shown that it is those two particular colours, as contrasting colours, which in a composite image result in a particu- larly good separate perception of each of the two images (the greenish and the reddish respectively) .
  • the embodi ⁇ ment described here can thus not only be manufactured less critically (only one holographic layer or multilayer interference filter need therefore be manufactured) , but one of the best-known colour contrasts (green-red) can also be achieved with it for the night vision image and the video image.
  • the layer or filter 13 is accommodated in a light-transmitting medium, which is shown hatched in the drawing.
  • the layer 25 is likewise accommodated in a light-transmitting medium, which is shown hatched.
  • the angle of incidence can be, for example, equal to H4, as discussed in connection with Figure l.
  • a possible embodiment of a display system for a helmet will now be discussed with reference to Figures 6, 7 and 8.
  • the display system comprises, in addition to the parts discussed in Figures 1 and 5, a CRT 28 by means of which an information-containing video image 14 is generated.
  • the video image 14 is presented to the eye by way of a mirror 30, a lens 32, a mirror 34 and the first element 2. This means that after reflection at the second side 16 of the first element 2, this video image 14 can be perceived with the eye 18 at a certain distance.
  • the display system is also provided with a lens 36 by means of which a night image can be displayed at an input of an image intensifier tube (IIT) .
  • IIT image intensifier tube
  • the IIT 38 increases the intensity of the image, which is then retransmitted at an output of the IIT 38.
  • the night image thus obtained is guided in the direction of the eyepiece 6 by way of a mirror 40, a lens system 42, a mirror 44, a lens system 46, and a mirror 48. All this is synchronized in such a way that the night image 10 is displayed at infinity. This means that, after reflection at the first element 2 and the second element 4 and transmission by element 2, this night image can be perceived by eyes 18, 20 fixed on infinity. What this achieves is that night image 10 and day image 8 are perceived superimposed. This is particularly pleasant for a user, because day and night image merge with each other naturally.
  • the IIT 38 in this example comprises a phosphor screen which generates a greenish image, while the video image gener ⁇ ated by the CRT is a reddish colour. This means that the chance of these images making a confusing impression on a user is particularly small.
  • An advantage of the display system is that the relatively high resolution of the IIT 38 is retained.
  • An IIT can also be replaced by integral CCD cameras with, for example, CRT display.
  • an LCD instead of a CRT. Since an LCD has a different frequency spectrum from a CRT, the first side 12 of the first element 2 and the second element 4 will have to be adapted accordingly. On account of the relation already described above between angle of incidence relative to the normal and centre frequencies of the reflected light, the position of the CRT or LCD can, of course, likewise be changed. It is also possible to produce a display system in a so-called mono version, according to which example the parts on the right of Figure 6 are omitted, so that in principle the display system according to Figure l or 5 remains. The display system according to Figure l is, of course, also suitable for mixing together any three images, these images not necessarily being a day image, a night image and a video image.
  • the first image which corresponds to night light
  • the third image corresponding to daylight, at any rate essentially bluish
  • the second image corresponding to the video image, essentially reddish.
  • These images are then mixed and can be perceived by the eye 20 or displayed on a screen if, for example, a lens which displays the images mixed on the screen is situated at the position of the eye.
  • a colour televi ⁇ sion projection system in which the three partial images have already been brought perfectly into register and only then are projected in register.
  • the second image can likewise be bluish, as indicated by reference number 14' in Figures 1 and 5.
  • the image 8 can be, for example, reddish.
  • the mixed image can form a colour picture.
  • the first, second and third images then contain the same picture, and after mixing they form a colour picture according to the principle which is used for, for example, colour televisions.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

Système d'affichage servant à superposer trois images, de façon à obtenir une image mixte. Ce système est pourvu d'un oculaire constitué par un premier et par un deuxième éléments réfléchissants et transmettant la lumière, qui possèdent des caractéristiques de réflexion et de transmission dépendantes de la fréquence et de la position angulaire. La première image est incidente sur un premier côté du premier élément, la deuxième image est incidente sur un deuxième côté du premier élément et la troisième image est incidente sur un côté du deuxième élément. Ces caractéristiques permettent aux trois images d'apparaître en tant qu'image mixte à travers l'oculaire.
PCT/NL1995/000235 1994-07-01 1995-07-03 Systeme d'affichage servant a superposer trois images pour obtenir une image mixte WO1996001440A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL94.01110 1994-07-01
NL9401110A NL9401110A (nl) 1994-07-01 1994-07-01 Weergeefstelsel bestemd voor het superponeren van drie beelden voor het verkrijgen van een gemengd beeld.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996001440A1 true WO1996001440A1 (fr) 1996-01-18

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Cited By (7)

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WO1999026199A1 (fr) * 1997-11-13 1999-05-27 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. Amelioration d'image a large bande
WO2000043954A2 (fr) * 1999-01-22 2000-07-27 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. Amelioration d'images a large bande
US7280704B2 (en) 1997-11-13 2007-10-09 The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. Wide-band image enhancement
EP2390708A1 (fr) * 2010-05-27 2011-11-30 Tokai Optical Co., Ltd. Afficheur monté sur la tête
WO2016101861A1 (fr) * 2014-12-26 2016-06-30 成都理想境界科技有限公司 Visiocasque
US10120194B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2018-11-06 Corning Incorporated Wide field personal display
US10976551B2 (en) 2017-08-30 2021-04-13 Corning Incorporated Wide field personal display device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1212632B (de) * 1962-03-21 1966-03-17 N W Philips Gloeilampenfabriek Lichtreflexionsfilter zum Korrigieren des von einer Quecksilberdampfentladungslampe ausgesandten Lichtes
EP0077193A2 (fr) * 1981-10-14 1983-04-20 Gec Avionics Limited Arrangement optique pour un système d'affichage porté sur la tête et des lunettes de vision nocturne
EP0206324A2 (fr) * 1985-06-27 1986-12-30 Honeywell Inc. Système de visualisation de deux images
EP0252200A1 (fr) * 1986-07-08 1988-01-13 OIP OPTICS Naamloze Vennootschap Lunettes pour vision de nuit
EP0286496A1 (fr) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-12 Thomson-Csf Viseur binoculaire, holographique et à grand champ, utilisable sur casque
EP0288365A1 (fr) * 1987-04-22 1988-10-26 Thomson-Csf Viseur clair holographique montable sur casque
WO1991004508A2 (fr) * 1989-09-14 1991-04-04 General Electric Company Affichage monte sur un casque
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EP0475790A1 (fr) * 1990-07-27 1992-03-18 Sextant Avionique S.A. Dispositif optique destiné à l'introduction d'une image collimatée dans le champ visuel d'un observateur et permettant la vision nocturne et casque muni d'au moins un tel dispositif
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WO1999026199A1 (fr) * 1997-11-13 1999-05-27 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. Amelioration d'image a large bande
US6611618B1 (en) 1997-11-13 2003-08-26 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. Wide-band image enhancement
US7280704B2 (en) 1997-11-13 2007-10-09 The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. Wide-band image enhancement
WO2000043954A2 (fr) * 1999-01-22 2000-07-27 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. Amelioration d'images a large bande
WO2000043954A3 (fr) * 1999-01-22 2000-11-09 Schepens Eye Res Inst Amelioration d'images a large bande
EP2390708A1 (fr) * 2010-05-27 2011-11-30 Tokai Optical Co., Ltd. Afficheur monté sur la tête
WO2016101861A1 (fr) * 2014-12-26 2016-06-30 成都理想境界科技有限公司 Visiocasque
US10120194B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2018-11-06 Corning Incorporated Wide field personal display
US10649210B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2020-05-12 Corning Incorporated Wide field personal display
US10976551B2 (en) 2017-08-30 2021-04-13 Corning Incorporated Wide field personal display device

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