WO1995034733A1 - Counterbalancing mechanism for an overhead door - Google Patents

Abstract

An overhead door apparatus (10) utilizing a torsion spring counterbalancing mechanism (30). The counterbalancing mechanism (30) includes a worm drive ring-shaped gear winding mechanism (38) for setting the appropriate torque or number of winds in the spring (32). A counting mechanism (140) is provided to indicate to the installer the number of winds being given to the spring (32). Means are also provided for accommodating spring growth and contraction during winding and unwinding using the winding mechanism (38) and during normal raising and lowering of the door (12). A spring clip gear retainer (82) is disclosed for preventing rotation or creep of the worm drive gear (70) and spur gear (56) during normal raising and lowering of the door (12). A second embodiment is disclosed allowing more universal interchangeability of components between the left and right sides of the door system (200), easy snap-in assembly, and including a telescoping spring cover (252). Each embodiment includes a spring winding counter (140).

Description

Counterbalancinα Mechanism for an Overhead Door

This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/262,135, filed on June 16, 1994. Background of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to overhead doors of the type utilizing one or more counterbalancing torsion springs and, more particularly, relates to the torsion spring counterbalancing mechanism generally associated with such overhead doors as well as a winding mechanism for setting the counterbalancing force of the spring.

Overhead doors generally require a counterbalancing force which enables the door to be more easily moved between opened and closed positions either manually or by way of a powered opening device. Often, overhead door systems rely on one or more

torsion springs for providing this counterbalancing force. These torsion springs must be wound during the installation of the garage

door assembly such that they are provided with the necessary preset

torque. Many systems require the installer to wind the spring

manually by using a rod to rotate the free end of the spring with

respect to a fixed end thereof and, after an appropriate number of

turns, rigidly securing the free end of the spring to the torsion shaft

of the overhead door assembly. This type of system is not only difficult to install but is also quite dangerous to install and remove due to the possibility of the installer inadvertently releasing the bar

and being injured as a result. Thus, installers must be quite

experienced to avoid the dangers involved with these prior systems.

Overhead door assemblies have been proposed in the

past which have addressed problems involving manual winding of torsion springs. For example, certain gear systems have been

disclosed for winding the torsion spring. Such worm gear

arrangements are shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,921 ,761 ; 4,882,806

and 4,981 , 1 65. In each of these systems, a ring-shaped worm gear

is operatively coupled to the free end of the torsion spring and is

rotated by way of a mating worm drive gear or pinion which may be driven either manually or with a power tool by the installer. Thus,

rotation of the ring-shaped worm gear also rotates or winds the

torsion spring to set the appropriate amount of torque in the spring.

These gear systems, however, each have disadvantages

which make them impractical to use in all but the most elaborate and expensive overhead door assemblies. For example, these prior gear systems require a number of precision machined parts and further require very precise, and costly, assembly procedures. For example, the worm drive gear in each is designed to rotate about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the ring-shaped mating gear. Thus, the gear teeth on each gear must be precisely machined and matched to establish this perpendicular relationship. Additionally, the gear

systems shown in U.S Patent Nos. 3,921 ,761 and 4,882,806 are

designed such that the worm drive gear is oriented horizontally along an axis perpendicular to the overhead door. This makes it difficult for the installer to easily and safely apply a tool to the worm drive gear during the winding process. The worm drive gear disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,981 ,165 is also shown in a horizontal orientation but also actually rotates with the torsion shaft and therefore this system includes the further undesirable possibility of leaving the worm drive gear in an even more inaccessible orientation. Also, each of the worm gear systems described in the above patents leaves open the possibility of undesirable rotation of the worm drive gear and ring-shaped gear and a resulting unwinding action of the torsion spring after the system has been wound. This may occur, for example, the vibration caused during everyday operation of the overhead door. Finally, none of these prior systems provide an easy manner of identifying the number of turns that have been made in the torsion spring. Further disadvantages of these systems will become more apparent upon review of the advantageous features of

the present invention.

Overhead door assemblies prior to the present invention

have also utilized torsion springs in which adjacent coils thereof abut

one another when the spring is in a normal, unwound resting state.

In other words, these springs have been manufactured in the past

such that there is no gap left between adjacent coils. Therefore,

during the initial winding process and during operation of the

overhead door, frictional force arising as the result of rubbing action

between adjacent coils of the shrinking spring must be overcome by

the system. This places the system under additional stresses and strains which must be borne by the spring itself as well as the user

or the powered door opener, each of which is undesirable. The additional stress and abrasion that the abutting coils cause on the

spring may lead to a shorter effective spring life and/or premature failure of the spring.

Many prior systems not only use springs having

abutting coils but further fail to adequately provide for the growth

and contraction of the torsion spring during the operations of initially

winding the spring and of spring unwinding and winding during

raising and lowering of the door. Other systems that do provide

some means for accommodating spring growth and contraction tend

to be suitable for one operation but not the other or tend to be

complicated systems which are impractical in many applications, such as residential applications, and which create new problems associated with their complicated design and installation procedures.

Still further disadvantages of existing systems involve the high costs of manufacturing and stocking parts respectively dedicated only to the left or right hand side of the overhead door system as well as the complexity of installing systems such as those

disclosed in the patents mentioned above. Overall, past systems have generally either been rather simple but difficult and dangerous

to install or perhaps easier to install but rather complex and expensive.

A need in the art therefore exists for improvements which, for example, allow easier installation of overhead door systems as well as improved operation thereof while maintaining low overall costs and a long useful life. Summary of the Invention

To address various problems apparent in the art, the present invention provides overhead door apparatus including a counterbalancing mechanism constructed in accordance with various

embodiments as further described below. In a first embodiment of this invention a manner of accommodating spring growth and contraction in accordance with the present invention is through the provision of a torsion spring with a preset gap between adjacent coils of the spring when it is in its unwound, resting state. This gap

is calculated to substantially accommodate the added number of coils which result from the initial winding process during installation.

The advantage of this method of accommodating spring growth resides in its relatively low cost when compared to other methods.

Two alternatives to the above method of accommodating spring growth are also provided. In each alternative the counterbalancing apparatus includes a torsion shaft mounted for rotation between first and second stationary supports and a torsion spring having a first end operatively fixed to the torsion shaft such that the first end rotates with the torsion shaft and moves axially along the torsion shaft during raising and lowering of the overhead door. The axially moving end of the spring accommodates spring growth and contraction during any and all winding and unwinding operations of the spring. The torsion spring has a second end operatively connected to a winding mechanism mounted to the first support and functioning to wind the second end thereof with respect to the first end while the door is held stationary in the down or closed position.

A first alternative involves the use of a sliding spring fitting or cone which includes a key slidably received by a keyway in the torsion shaft. Preferably, the keyway comprises a pair of deformed, elongate depressions in the torsion shaft and the key comprises a complementary pair of protuberances within the sliding cone. The second alternative adds roller elements to the fitting or cone which are designed to reduce the friction and any possible binding between the fitting or cone and the torsion shaft. Each of these alternatives allow the transfer of torque to occur between the spring and the torsion shaft while accommodating the growth and shrinkage of the spring in an axial direction. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a winding mechanism is incorporated into the stationary support structure at the second end of the spring. Two embodiments of the winding mechanism are disclosed herein, however, each embodiment

allows the second end of the spring to be easily rotated or wound with respect to the non-rotating first end thereof. Specifically, each embodiment of the winding mechanism generally includes a ring- shaped gear rotatably supported by the first stationary support and operatively affixed to the second end of the torsion spring such that rotation of the ring-shaped gear rotates the second end of said spring with respect to the first end of said spring. A worm drive gear is also rotatably supported by the first support and includes outer threads or teeth that mesh with the teeth of the ring-shaped gear. The worm is mounted in a "user friendly" orientation extending at an angle generally between an approximately vertical orientation and approximately a 45° orientation with respect to the plane of the door for providing easy access by an installer standing on the ground below the winding mechanism.

Each embodiment of the spring winding mechanism utilizes a ring gear formed integrally with a spring cone or fitting on which the second end of the spring is threaded. The ring gear and

spring cone structure of each embodiment is referred to herein as a

"gear cone". In the first embodiment, the ring gear is a spur gear

which provides an extremely cost effective and universal component

in the sense that it is neither right or left-hand dedicated, it also

allows for significantly more "play" or "forgiveness" during

installation than would conventional worm gear systems in which

components thereof are designed to be in nearly perfect alignment

with each other. The first embodiment of the winding mechanism further

includes a gear retainer which engages the winding mechanism to restrain the spur gear and worm drive gear from rotating during

normal operation of the door. However, the gear retainer is disengageable from the gear system to allow operation of the gear

system during winding and unwinding of the torsion spring,

respectively, during installation and removal thereof. The gear

retainer automatically engages and disengages the worm drive gear upon removal and application of an appropriate tool used to rotate

the worm drive gear. During normal operation of the door, the gear

retainer prevents so-called "creep" or undesirable rotation of the worm drive gear, spur gear and any resulting unwinding of the

torsion spring from its pre-torqued, wound state.

In a further aspect of the first embodiment of the

winding mechanism, the various components associated therewith are constructed and fixed in place such that the longitudinally directed thrust load of the torsion spring is not directed onto the sheet metal construction of the stationary support or mounting structure. Rather, this thrust load is borne by the torsion shaft which is placed under tension by the load and is much more able to bear the load than is the sheet metal support structure.

The present invention also contemplates a second embodiment which provides for a more "universal" construction of

various components associated with the winding mechanism. That is, the gear housing and gears of the mechanism, as well as the mounting bracket for the housing may be mounted on the right or left side of the door while disposing the worm at a predetermined easily accessible orientation. Also, a bearing unit is provided having the same connecting elements as the gear housing such that full interchangeability of the winding mechanism with a bearing unit is provided when only one counterbalancing mechanism is necessary. In the situation in which a relatively heavy overhead door requires two counterbalancing mechanisms, the same winding mechanism

components are used on each side of the overhead door. Lower manufacturing costs and other associated costs result as differently designed left and right handed components do not have to be separately manufactured and stocked.

The gear housing and the bearing units of the

"universal" second embodiment are each able to be interchangeably mounted to the same mounting bracket. The worm of the gear

housing is disposed at an accessible orientation and preferably at an

acute angle with respect to the plane of the door opening or the

same "user friendly" orientation as in the first embodiment. The

housing also acts as a bearing unit. Thus, when only one

counterbalancing mechanism is necessary, a winding mechanism is

fixed to a mounting bracket on one side of the torsion shaft and the other end of the torsion shaft is supported for rotation in a bearing

unit fixed to a second mounting bracket. As the same mounting or

connecting elements are used on both the housing and the bearing

unit and the respective mounting brackets, when a bearing unit must be substituted with a housing, or vice versa, it is simply a matter of

substituting one component for the other and attaching it in the same manner. In addition, the mounting or installation operations of

the housing, the worm within the housing, and the bearing unit all

involve only snapping the respective components into place without

separate fasteners. These features, added to the ability to use the

same components on each end of the torsion shaft, creates a very

versatile system with relatively low overall costs.

As a further feature of the second embodiment, the

worm further includes tool engageable drive portions on respective

ends such that a worm drive portion is exposed away from the inside

of the door in a "user friendly" orientation no matter what side of the

door the gear housing is mounted on. In the second embodiment, this orientation may be defined as one in which the worm extends at

an acute angle with respect to the plane of the overhead door

opening. Specifically, this orientation may be approximately 30°

relative to the door opening. This same orientation is obtained

whether the winding mechanism is mounted on the left or right hand

side of the door.

Also, the dual drive worm may be snapped into place in

either of two possible ways while ensuring that a drive portion is

exposed in the desirable "user friendly" orientation. When snapped

in place, a first drive portion is therefore exposed in the "user friendly" orientation, however, the second drive portion is also exposed outside of the housing such that it may be engaged by a

tool. This feature provides a back up driving location if the first

drive portion is damaged or if it is simply more convenient in a

particular application to drive the worm with the second drive

portion. Engagement of the worm with the helical ring gear portion

of the gear cone also assists in trapping the worm firmly into place

within the gear housing.

Finally, a winding counting device is provided in each

embodiment to indicate the number of turns made in the torsion

spring during the installation procedure. This is especially desirable

when a direct view of the torsion spring is prevented by a cover

provided for aesthetic purposes. In the first embodiment, the

counting device comprises a toothed wheel which engages the ring gear and traverses along a scale indicating the number of spring

windings. In the second embodiment, the counting device comprises

a clip which attaches to a threaded portion of the gear cone located

between the cone portion and the gear portion thereof. The clip has

a pointer extending outwardly through a slot in the housing and indicating the number of windings on a scale provided on the

housing.

These and other advantages of the present invention

will become more readily apparent upon review of the following

detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof taken in

conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective of an overhead door assembly with the door in a lowered, closed position and

incorporating a first preferred embodiment of the counterbalancing

mechanism of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of the counterbalancing

mechanism taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1 but shown with the torsion

spring thereof in the unwound state thereof corresponding to a

raised, opened door;

Fig. 3 is a partially fragmented view of the torsion

spring winding mechanism of the first embodiment taken generally

along line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the torsion spring winding mechanism taken along line 3A-3A of Fig. 3 to show details of the device for counting the number of spring windings;

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of the torsion spring winding mechanism taken generally along line 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the spring end fitting and torsion shaft of the

counterbalancing mechanism;

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view in side elevation of a

third alternative of the spring end fitting and torsion shaft of the counterbalancing mechanism;

Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic perspective of an overhead door assembly with the door in a lowered, closed position and incorporating a second embodiment of the counterbalancing mechanism of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a fragmented perspective view of the winding mechanism on the left hand side of overhead door assembly as shown in Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a front elevational view of the mounting bracket used for the winding and counterbalancing mechanisms of

Fig. 9;

Fig. 1 1 is a partially fragmented and exploded view of the spring winding mechanism with the housing and gear cone in cross section to illustrate the mounting and engagement of the gear

cone therein;

Fig. 1 2 is an end view of the spring winding mechanism

shown in Fig. 1 1 but with the housing and gear assembly fully

assembled within the housing and the housing rotated 60° to show

a preferred orientation of the worm in use;

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a bearing unit mounted in place of the counterbalancing mechanism and associated winding

mechanism shown on the right hand side of Fig. 8; Fig. 14 is a side elevational view of the bearing unit

shown in Fig. 13;

Fig. 1 5 is a side elevational view of the spring winding

mechanism of the second embodiment fragmented to show the

spring winding counting device; and,

Fig. 1 6 is a side elevational view of the clip used in the

spring winding counting device of Fig. 1 5.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Referring first to Fig. 1 , a first embodiment of the present invention generally comprises an overhead door system 10,

such as a residential garage door or a commercial overhead door

system, including a door 12 which may be conventionally made up

of a plurality of horizontal, hinged panels 1 2a. Panels 1 2a each have

roller assemblies 14, 1 6 affixed at opposite ends thereof, at least

some of which are associated with the door panel hinges, for example, and which include rollers 14a, 16a riding in a pair of curved tracks 18, 20 as is conventional in the art. Tracks 18, 20 are rigidly affixed to side frame members 22, 24 which, in part, define a door opening 26. As is conventional, tracks 18, 20 may also be supported from structure (not shown) disposed above frame members 22, 24. Door opening 26 is further defined by upper frame structure 28.

As further shown in Fig. 1 , door 12 may be raised and

lowered to respectively expose and close door opening 26 and, to assist in such raising and lowering operations, a counterbalancing mechanism 30 is used and constructed in accordance with the present invention. Counterbalancing mechanism 30 generally includes a torsion spring 32 which has a first end operatively connected to a torsion shaft 34 by being threaded onto an inner spring fitting or cone 36 in a conventional manner. Cone 36 is rigidly affixed to torsion shaft 34 by a plurality of set screws 35, one of which is shown in Fig. 2. Torsion spring is operatively connected to a winding mechanism 38 at a second end thereof. The winding mechanism 38 is supported by a first fixed support 40 which comprises a housing constructed of sheet metal and rigidly fastened, as with bolts (not shown), to the frame structure 22 adjacent to door opening 26. A second fixed support 42 is located at the opposite end of torsion shaft 34 and is likewise constructed of sheet metal and rigidly fastened to the frame structure 24 adjacent to door opening 26. Torsion shaft 34 is supported for rotation between

fixed supports 40, 42 and further includes drums 44, 46 rigidly

affixed, as with set screws (not shown), to torsion shaft 34 for rotation therewith in a conventional manner. Cables extend from

drums 44, 46 and are connected to the bottom of the overhead door

1 2 in a conventional manner. Torsion shaft 34 is connected to fixed

support 40 by way of a roller bearing 48 (Fig. 2), as further

discussed below, and to fixed support 42 by way of a second roller

bearing 50. Bearings 48, 50 allow rotation of torsion shaft 34

during operation, i.e., raising and lowering, of door 1 2. Torsion

shaft 34 has a two-piece construction with the pieces being connected to each other at a central location by a coupling 52. Referring now to Figs. 2-4, winding mechanism 38

includes a gear cone 54 which incorporates a ring-shaped gear 56

thereon as well a cone portion 58 and a hub portion 60. Gear 56,

cone portion 58 and hub portion 60 are integrally formed with one

another, preferably by being die cast as a single unit from aluminum.

Ring shaped gear 56 is preferably a spur gear, that is, gear 56

includes straight, peripheral teeth 62 which are both parallel to one

another and parallel to the axis of rotation of gear 56. This aspect

of the invention is the feature that allows the entire gear cone 54,

including gear 56 incorporated therein, to be die cast in a single

molding operation. The use of a spur gear 56 also causes the gear

cone 54 to be "universal" in the sense that it may be used on either end of torsion shaft 34.

As best shown in Fig. 3, gear cone 54 is mounted for rotation within housing 40 and about torsion shaft 34. In this regard, a cylindrical Nylon bushing 64 is press fit within gear cone 54. Torsion shaft 34 rotates with respect to gear cone 54 and its inner bushing 64. Specifically, and as further discussed below, gear cone 54 and bushing 64 rotate about torsion shaft 34 during the initial winding of torsion spring 32 and torsion shaft 34 rotates

within gear cone 56 and bushing 64 during raising and lowering operations of door 12. As further shown in Fig. 3, gear cone 56 is received by a slot 66 in housing 40 but remains spaced from an inner end 68 of slot 66 such that housing 40 does not prevent free rotation thereof during a winding operation.

Winding mechanism 38 further includes a worm drive gear 70 mounted for rotation within housing 40 between brackets

72, 74. Worm drive gear 70 includes outer, helical teeth or threads 76 which mesh with teeth 62 of spur gear 56. Rotation of worm drive gear 70 in one of the two possible directions will therefor rotate gear cone 54 in a corresponding direction to either wind or unwind torsion spring 32. To facilitate rotation of worm drive gear

70, a driving head 78, engageable by a suitable tool, is provided on an exposed end thereof. In the preferred embodiment, driving head

78 includes a hex portion 78a which may be engaged by a socket tool 80 (Fig. 3) and rotated either manually or in a power assisted manner such as by being pneumatically driven.

In accordance with another aspect of this invention, a

gear retainer 82 is provided for preventing rotation of worm drive

gear 70 and gear cone 54 when hex portion 78a is not engaged by

tool 80 but for allowing rotation thereof when hex portion 78a is

engaged by tool 80. Specifically, gear retainer 82 comprises a

resilient spring clip 84 which is rigidly secured to housing 40 and includes an angled portion 86 which normally engages the hex

portion 78a of head 78 in the clip's unbiased state, shown in solid in

Fig. 3. As best illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4, portion 86 of clip 84

includes an aperture 88 through which hex portion 78a of head 78

extends. Aperture 88 has at least two straight edges 90, 92 that engage hex portion 78a of head 78 to normally prevent or restrain any rotation of worm drive gear 70 and therefore of gear cone 54

during normal operation of door 12. During winding and unwinding

of the spring with the door maintained stationary, however, tool 80

is pushed onto hex portion 78a of head 78 and this pushes portion

86 of clip 84 to the position shown in phantom in Fig. 3 such that

aperture 88 and, more specifically, edges 90, 92 are in alignment

with a stepped down or recessed portion 94 of head 78. When

aperture 88 is aligned about stepped down or recessed portion 94,

hex portion 78a of head 78 is free to rotate and worm drive gear 70

may therefore also be rotated to either wind or unwind spring 32.

As illustrated in Fig. 3, worm drive gear 70 extends along an axis 95 which is ideally fixed at approximately 45° to horizontal and extends into the plane of door opening 26 (Fig. 1 ) with the drive head 78 directed downwardly and inwardly into the interior of, for example, the garage. More generally, for easy access by an installer standing on the ground below winding mechanism 38, worm drive gear 70 is preferably oriented between an approximately vertical orientation and approximately the 45 ° position shown in Fig. 3. As further shown in Fig. 4, the axis 95 of worm drive gear 70 is

also oriented at a slight angle a with respect to a plane 97 which is perpendicular to door opening 26 and to the axis of rotation of spur gear 56. Angle a substantially corresponds to the lead angle of the teeth or threads 76 of worm drive gear 70 and may, for example, be approximately 4°. Angle a results from the angled teeth or threads 76 meshing with the straight, parallel teeth 62 of spur gear 56 which extend parallel to the axis of rotation of spur gear 56. This aspect of the invention allows even easier access to the head 78 of worm drive gear 70 by the installer since the head 78 of worm drive gear 70 is not only angled downwardly toward the installer, but also inwardly toward the center of door opening 26. Referring again to Fig. 2, housing 40 further includes a bearing plate 96 into which bearing 48 is press fit. Inner race 98 of bearing 48 receives and rotates with torsion shaft 34 and with respect to outer race 100 which remains stationary. Inner race bears against bushing 64 (Fig. 3) on one side and against hub 102 of drum 44 on the other side. Therefore, as drum 44 and its hub 102

are rigidly affixed to torsion shaft 34 at one end of counter balancing

mechanism 30 and inner spring fitting or cone 36 is affixed to

torsion shaft 34 at the opposite end, there is no thrust load or, in

other words, there is virtually no longitudinally directed force on the sheet metal housing 40 and bearing plate 96. In this regard, torsion

shaft 34 bears virtually all of this thrust load since, by design, it is

placed under tension between the two rigid, e.g., set screw,

connections respectively made between torsion shaft 34 and drum 44 at one end and between torsion shaft 34 and fitting 36 at the

other end. For this reason, the longitudinally directed stresses are

experienced by torsion shaft 34 rather than by housing 40 and

bearing plate 96 which are made of sheet metal much less able to

handle such stress over time than the tubular torsion shaft 34. Also,

due to this design bearing 48 does not need to be a relatively expensive thrust bearing but need only be a simpler, less expensive

roller bearing.

In another aspect of the first embodiment of this

invention, torsion spring 32 is formed with a specifically determined

gap 104 formed between adjacent coils 106 when the spring 32 is

in a resting or unwound state. Gaps 104 allow additional coils 106

to be added to the spring during the initial winding process and

during the winding that occurs while lowering door 1 2. Since

adjacent coils 106 do not touch as spring 32 is wound and as additional coils are added, there is no need to overcome the additional frictional forces encountered with conventional springs

having abutting coils. It has been found that the specific gap must

be formed precisely in order to retain the necessary rigidity and

performance of the spring across many varied applications. In

accordance with the present invention, the size of each gap 104

between adjacent coils 106 is generally determined by the following

formula:

Gap = (d)x(ΔN)x(f₀l N

where: d = diameter of coil spring wire

ΔN = number of coils added during winding f₀ = overtravel factor N = total number of coils of unwound spring

For a residential application, a typical spring wire

diameter (d) may be V and a typical number of coils added during

winding (ΔN) may be approximately 10 while a typical total number

of coils (N) may be about 100. Ideally, gaps 104, each being the

same width, would be calculated such that at the end of an initial

winding operation to set the required torque in the spring 32,

adjacent coils 106 would just abut one another. However, an overtravel factor f₀ has been included in the above formula to allow

for some overwinding of the spring during installation of the

counterbalancing mechanism 30. The overtravel factor will be

approximately in the range of 1 .1 -2.0 and is preferably about 1 .25.

This factor results in a gap that is somewhat greater than ideal but that is desirable to allow for an installer to "over-wind" the spring to some extent without causing adjacent coils 106 to rub against one

another as a result of such over-winding. Therefore, as one example, a residential torsion spring might have gaps 104 between adjacent coils 106 calculated as follows:

Gap = (.25)x(10)x(1.25) = 0.03125" = 1/32" 100

These gaps will vary from application to application, however, using the above formula of the present invention, an appropriate gap 104 may be calculated for each application such that the coils added during winding are accommodated while maintaining the structural integrity and performance of the spring. For many applications, especially residential applications, the gaps will be between about 1 /64" and 1 /32". Another manner of accommodating spring growth and contraction according to the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 5.

This figure only shows the spring end fitting or cone of the counter¬ balancing mechanism as well as a portion of the torsion shaft thereof. The remaining portions of the counterbalancing mechanism are preferably identical to those of counterbalancing mechanism 30 shown in Figs. 1 -4. According to this embodiment of the invention, the torsion shaft 1 10 is shaped with two, diametrically opposite elongate depressions 1 12, 1 14 which extend along the length of the tubular shaft 1 10. Torsion shaft 1 10 receives a spring end fitting or cone 1 16 in a manner which allows end fitting or cone 1 16 to move axially or slide along torsion shaft 1 10 but not to rotate about torsion shaft 1 10. Specifically, end fitting or cone 1 16 includes two oppositely directed protuberances 1 17, 1 19 which complement the depressions 1 12, 1 14 and mate therewith in a manner similar to key

and keyway connections.

An outer end of spring 1 18 is fixed to a stationary support, such as to the winding mechanism 38 and housing 40 as shown in Figs. 1 -3 while the inner end of spring 1 18 is threaded

onto cone 1 16 in a conventional manner. Cone 1 16 is free to slide along torsion shaft 1 10 to accommodate growth and contraction of spring 1 18 during initial winding thereof as well as during raising and lowering of the overhead door. Significantly, end fitting or cone 1 16 is not fixed to shaft 110 with a set screw as is conventional but does rotate therewith because of the unique key/keyway type connection. A conventional spring having abutting coils in its unwound state may be utilized in this embodiment as the use of a sliding end cone accommodates the coils added during winding processes.

Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate a still further embodiment of an axially movable inner fitting or end cone which is identical in purpose and design to the fitting or cone 1 16 shown in Fig. 5 except that means are provided for reducing sliding friction between the end cone and the torsion shaft. More particularly, a torsion shaft 120 mounts a sleeve having two, oppositely facing elongate recesses or grooves 1 22, 1 24 which extend an appropriate length along shaft

120 to accommodate growth and contraction of spring 136. The

sleeve 1 21 of torsion shaft 1 20 receives a spring end fitting or roller

cone 126 in a manner which allows end fitting or roller cone 1 26 to

roll axially along torsion shaft 1 20 but not to rotate about torsion

shaft 1 20. Specifically, end fitting or roller cone 1 26 includes

friction reducing rolling elements preferably taking the form of two

rollers 128, 130 which register within and roll along the respective

recesses 122, 124. Rollers 1 28, 130 are fixed within roller cone

126 by respective pins 132, 134 about which rollers 128, 130 rotate.

An outer end of spring 136 is fixed to a stationary

support, such as to the winding mechanism 38 and housing 40 as

shown in Figs. 1 -3 while the inner end of spring 136 is threaded

onto cone 126 in a conventional manner. Cone 126 rolls along the

sleeve 121 of torsion shaft 1 20 to accommodate growth and

contraction of spring 136 during initial winding thereof as well as during raising and lowering of the overhead door.

As mentioned above, the embodiment of Figs. 6 and 7 is aimed at reducing the friction between the end cone and torsion

shaft. Such undesirable friction might be present in the sliding cone

1 1 6 and torsion shaft 1 10 constructed in accordance with Fig. 5. It

is also contemplated, however, that an anti-friction surface or

coating may be used in the embodiment of Fig. 5 between the two relatively sliding components. This might comprise a coating of lubricated plastic or other anti-friction material on the outside surface of torsion shaft 1 10 or an insert of lubricated plastic or other anti¬ friction material within cone 1 16. Returning now to Fig. 3 taken along with Fig. 3A, a counting mechanism 140 is provided with winding mechanism 38 in order to allow an installer to readily identify the number of turns being given to torsion spring 32 by way of tool 80 during installation

of system 10. Counting mechanism 140 includes a counter gear

142 having a plurality of gear teeth 144 that extend through a window 158 in housing 40 and mesh with gear teeth 62 of gear 56. Counting gear 142 further includes a central, internally threaded hub 146 that receives an externally threaded, fixed rod 148. Threaded rod 148 is rigidly fixed at opposite ends thereof to a counting mechanism housing 150. Thus, as gear 56 is rotated by worm drive gear 70, counter gear 142 will rotate and, at the same time, translate along fixed threaded rod 148. Graduations 152 are provided on the outside of housing 150 to give a visual indication to

the installer of the number of turns or winds. A pointer 154 is connected to the outside of hub 146 such that relative rotation is allowed between counting gear 142 and pointer 154 and gear 142. Pointer 154 has an end portion 154a that protrudes from a slot 156 in housing 150. End portion 154a points to a particular graduation or number 152 on the outside of housing 150 to indicate the number of turns in spring 32. It will be appreciated that other indicators may

be provided instead of pointer 1 54 and graduations 1 52. For

example, a counter wheel having numbers for indicating the number

of turns might be substituted into counting mechanism 140 by one of ordinary skill.

In the preferred embodiment, counting gear 142 will

have nine teeth while gear 56 will have forty-five teeth thus creating

a ratio of 5: 1 . Every five turns of counter gear 142, end portion

1 54a of pointer 1 54 will point to another graduation thus indicating

another turn of gear 56 and spring 32. Typically, torsion springs

such as spring 32 will require approximately seven to eight turns. It

will be appreciated that other gear ratios may be chosen in

conjunction with various thread pitches of rod 148. In all cases, the translation of counter gear 142 will never be greater than the width

of gear 56.

Referring now to Fig. 8, a second embodiment of the

present invention generally comprises an overhead door system 200

which may be identical to the first embodiment in that a

conventional sectional door 202 is provided and supported for

movement on tracks 204, 206 by rollers (not shown). Tracks 204,

206 are rigidly affixed to side frame members 208, 210 and by

upper metal frames 212, 214. The door opening is defined by side

frame members 208, 210 as well as upper frame structure 21 6. In

accordance with this second embodiment, universal counterbalancing mechanisms 218, 220 are provided for assisting with the opening and closing operations of door 202. Two such

counterbalancing mechanisms 218, 220 are shown in Fig. 8, however, only one of the mechanisms 218, 220 may be necessary depending on factors such as the spring force provided and the weight of door 202.

Still referring to Fig. 8, counterbalancing mechanisms 218, 220 are each generally constructed with components similar in

function to the first embodiment. In this regard, the description of

torsion springs 222, 224 given with respect to the first embodiment above may be referred to here as well and any of the alternatives for accommodating spring growth may be used in the second embodiment as well. The significant differences between the counterbalancing mechanism 30 of the first embodiment and counterbalancing mechanisms 218, 220 of the second embodiment concern the various components which comprise the universal winding mechanisms 226, 228. These mechanisms 226, 228 are referred to as being "universal" in the sense that the same components may be mounted on the left hand side of door 202, as is mechanism 226, or on the right hand side of door 202, as is mechanism 228. In each location, the respective worms 230, 232 are disposed in a "user friendly" orientation extending at an acute

angle relative to the plane of the door opening between frames 208, 210, 216. For purposes of simplicity, the plane of the door opening may be considered as the same as a plane containing surfaces 208a,

210a, 21 6a of frames 208, 210, 21 6. As will be appreciated from

the description below, the angular disposition of worm 230 is specifically shown to be 30° relative to the plane of the door

opening.

Winding mechanisms 226, 228 are supported by

respective fixed stationary supports or mounting brackets 234, 236

which mount gear housings 238, 240 constructed in accordance

with this second embodiment. A torsion shaft 242 is supported for rotation between mounting plates 234, 236 and a pair of drums

244, 246 are rigidly affixed, as with set screws (not shown), to torsion shaft 242 for rotation therewith in a conventional manner.

Cables 248, 250 extend from drums 244, 246 and are connected to the bottom of the overhead door 202 also in a conventional manner.

When two counterbalancing mechanisms 218, 220 and their associated gear housings 238, 240 are used as shown in Fig.

8, gear housings 238, 240 provide bearings for torsion shaft 242 in

the manner discussed below. Preferably, housings 238, 240 are

formed from injection molded Nylon having approximately 50% fiber

glass/ceramic filler to provide. The specific preferred material is

"Esbrid" No. NSG 240A which may be obtained from Thermofil, Inc.,

located in Brighton, Michigan. All of the major components of

winding mechanisms 226, 228 are preferably formed from this

plastic material. Torsion shaft 242 and springs 222, 224 are completely enclosed by a cover 252 which is comprised of two telescoping sections 254, 256. Cover 252 provides protection in

the event that spring 222 or 224 breaks, while the telescoping

nature thereof allows one section 254 or 256 to be easily moved

toward the other to expose spring 222 or 224 during installation,

maintenance or inspection procedures. The outer end of each

section 254, 256 is connected to winding mechanisms 226, 228

and specifically to the housings 238 of each. In this regard,

referring briefly to Fig. 1 1 , two stepped portions 255, 257 are

provided on housing 238 such that housing 238 may frictionally receive either smaller diameter section 254 or larger diameter section

256 depending on which side of door 202 housing 238 is mounted.

Fig. 9 illustrates the left hand side counterbalancing mechanism 218 from which the identical components forming

mechanism 220 will be fully understood. Inner end 258 of torsion

spring 222 is threaded onto a cone portion 260 which is rotatable

relative to torsion shaft 242 and will be discussed further below.

Referring briefly to Fig. 8 inner ends of each spring 222, 224 also

include respective fittings or "cones" 261 , 265 for attaching springs 222, 224 to torsion shaft 242. These cones 261 , 265 may be

axially movable as in the first embodiment or spring 222 may be

have gaps between adjacent coils as in the first embodiment to

accommodate spring contraction and growth during winding.

Worm 230, which is used to effect winding of spring 222 in the same manner as described above with respect to the first embodiment, includes drive portions 262, 263 (Fig. 12) at each end each comprising an external hex drive and each further including an internal hex drive, although only one internal hex drive 264 is shown in the drawings. Thus, worm 230 may be engaged by different types of tools at both ends. One of the ends 262 will be exposed at a user friendly orientation at approximately a 30 degree angle measured up from the plane of the door opening, which plane may be defined as the plane of plate section 283 of bracket 234 for simplicity when viewing Fig. 9. More generally, this angle is at least an acute angle measured up from the plane of the door and preferably between vertical and approximately 45° with respect thereto. As will be described below, a pointer 266 indicates the number of spring windings on a scale 268 as pointer 266 projects through and traverses along a slot 269 contained in housing 238.

Turning now to Fig. 10-12, mounting bracket 234 and housing 238 are uniquely designed to allow housing 238 to be connected to mounting bracket 234 in an easy snap-in operation and without the use of additional fasteners. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 10, mounting bracket 234 is provided with a slot 270 which receives a cylindrical mounting portion 272 (Fig. 1 1 ) of housing 238 with a close sliding fit. Slot 270 includes an open end 273 and a closed curved end 274 having a radius of curvature equal to the radius of cylindrical mounting portion 272 (Fig. 1 1 ) of housing 238. Two opposed projections or inward "bumps" 276, 278 are formed at each end of curve 274. Curve 274 forms slightly more than a semi¬ circular curve between these two projections 276, 278 such that cylindrical mounting portion 272 (Fig. 1 1 ) is firmly held in place for rotation in closed end 274 by projections 276, 278 after cylindrical mounting portion has been "snapped" past projections 276, 278.

As shown best in Fig. 10, mounting bracket 234 further

includes two flange mounts 280, 282 which receive oppositely

extending flanges 284, 285 (Fig. 12) of housing 238 as housing 238

is slid into slot 270 and snapped in place between projections 276,

278. Mounting bracket 234 is generally "L"-shaped in cross section and includes one plate section having flange mounts 280, 282 and one perpendicular section 283 including mounting holes 286, 288 for mounting bracket 234 to surface 208a of frame member 208

(Fig. 8).

An overall understanding of the construction of winding mechanism will be best understood from Figs. 1 1 and 12. A circular flange 290 is provided adjacent to cylindrical mounting portion 272 for holding housing 238 in the position shown in Fig. 9 with bracket 234 disposed between flanges 284, 285 and flange 290. Flanges

284, 285 extend away from housing 238 in directions parallel to the axis of worm 230 which is disposed therebetween. A central hole 292 is formed for closely receiving torsion shaft 242 (Fig. 9) for rotation therein. Specifically, a cylindrical inner bearing surface 294 is provided for torsion shaft 242 (Fig. 9) by a cylinder 296 molded

into housing 238. As further shown in Fig. 1 1 , an integral gear cone

298 is mounted for rotation within housing 238. Gear cone 298 is

integrally formed with a cone portion 260, a threaded portion 302 and a helical gear portion 304. An inner cylinder 306 is molded into

gear cone 298 and is received for rotation on cylinder 296 within

housing 238 by simply sliding gear cone 298 completely into open

end 307 of housing 238. For reasons discussed below, an annular

retaining slot is provided between threaded portion 302 and helical

gear portion 304 of gear cone 298. As best shown in Fig. 1 2, in

addition to slot 269 previously mentioned, another slot 310 is

provided on the opposite side of housing 238 such that housing 238

may be used on either the left or right hand side of overhead door system 200 (Fig. 8) and a slot 269 or 310 will be facing inwardly for

easy visibility to the installer.

As further shown in Figs. 1 1 and 1 2, worm 230 is

mounted for rotation within a worm housing portion 31 2 of gear

housing 238 such that worm 230 is engaged with helical gear

portion 304. Worm housing 312 includes a pair of end slots 314,

31 6 (Fig. 1 2) having closed curved ends 31 8 (only one of which

appears in the drawings) which receive respective cylindrical shafts

320, 322 of worm 230 for rotation. Respective pairs of inward

projections or curved "bumps" 323, 324 and 325, 326 keep shaft

portions 320, 322 within the closed curved portions of slots 314, 316 after shaft portions 314, 316 have been "snapped" in place past projections 323, 324 and 325, 326. The connection is exemplified in Fig. 1 1 with cylindrical shaft 320 retained for rotation within closed curved slot end 318. It will be understood that the opposite shaft 322 is retained in slot 316 in exactly the same manner and therefore the description of slot 314 applies to slot 316 as well.

Referring specifically to Fig. 1 1 , curved end 318 has a

radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of cylindrical shaft 320. Curved end 318 forms slightly more than a semi-circular

curve between projections 323, 324 such that cylindrical shaft 320 is firmly held in place for rotation in closed end 318 by projections 323, 324. To help ensure that worm 230 is retained firmly in worm housing 312, ratchet teeth 327, 328 are provided on opposing sides of slot 314 for engaging ratchet teeth 329, 330 of a retainer piece

331 . Retainer piece 331 closes both slots 314, 316, although only one end of retainer piece 331 for slot 314 is shown. The end of retainer piece 331 which closes slot 316 is of the same design. Retainer piece 331 includes a curved surface 332 for engaging or at least following the outer surface of cylindrical shaft 320 of worm

230. Retainer piece 331 is simply pushed into slot 314 once worm 230 has been inserted into housing 312 as shown in dotted lines in

Fig. 1 1 . Ratchet teeth 327, 328 engage respective ratchet teeth

329, 330 to prevent retainer piece 331 , and therefore worm 230, from coming loose or coming completely out of housing 31 2. It will

be appreciated that the main retention for worm 230 within housing

312 is provided by helical ring gear portion 304 of gear cone 298

since the teeth of gear portion 304 trap worm 230 within housing

31 2 preventing withdrawal out slots 314, 31 6.

When only one counterbalancing mechanism, such as

mechanism 218 in Fig. 8, is necessary for a particular overhead door, then the other counterbalancing mechanism 220 is substituted

with a bearing unit 336 as shown in Figs. 13 and 14. Bearing unit 336 simply substitutes for the entire counterbalancing mechanism

220 by attaching in exactly the same manner to mounting bracket 236. In this regard, bearing unit 336 is inserted into slot 338 of

bracket 236 in exactly the same manner as described above with respect to mounting bracket 234 and housing 238. Slot 338 has

the same configuration as slot 270 in mounting plate 234. Flange mounts 340 (only one being shown in Fig. 13) are provided for

receiving a pair of flanges 342, 344 (Fig. 14) extending from bearing

unit 336. An inner bearing portion 346 receives torsion shaft 242

and allows free rotation thereof as door 202 (Fig. 8) is opened and

closed. It will further be appreciated that bearing unit 336 has an

identically designed cylindrical mounting portion 348 and circular

flange 350 as housings 238, 240 to facilitate complete

interchangeability of bearing unit 336 with either housing 238 or

240. Outer periphery 336a of bearing unit 336 is sized to receive one of the ends of cover 252 (Fig. 8) with a friction fit. Stepped

portions are not illustrated on bearing unit 336 as they are on

housing 238, as bearing unit 336 may always be mounted on the

same side of door 202 when only one counterbalancing mechanism

220 is necessary. Of course, stepped portions could be provided if desired.

As briefly mentioned above, each winding mechanism

226, 228 is provided with an identical mechanism for counting the

number of windings imparted to the respective torsion springs 222,

224. Therefore, the description of counting device 266 of winding

mechanism 226 will suffice for purposes of clarity. As shown in Figs. 1 5 and 1 6, the counting mechanism of the second embodiment

utilizes a clip 352 which clips onto threaded intermediate portion

302 of gear cone 298 and includes an inwardly extending thread

354 of the same pitch as threaded portion 302. Clip 352 further includes a central pointer 356 which extends through and is

captured with slot 269. Pointer 356 indicates the number of spring

windings by pointing to corresponding graduations on scale 268. As

pointer 356 is captured within slot 269, it does not rotate with

threaded portion 302, but instead traverses along slot 269 as gear

cone 298 rotates. The pitch of threaded portion 302 and the

spacing of graduations on scale 268 are chosen such that one full

turn of helical gear portion 304 and therefore spring 222 (Figs. 8 and

9) will be indicated as one winding or turn on scale 268. It will be appreciated from Fig. 1 6 that clip ends 358,

360 are able to grip threaded portion 302 because clip 352 forms

more than a semi-circle, however, clip 352 is still dimensioned with

a small enough curvature and is also resilient enough to be easily

clipped onto threaded portion 302 of gear cone 298. Like the other

major components of winding mechanism 226 and bearing unit 336,

clip 352 is preferably formed from the "Esbrid" nylon mentioned

above.

Finally, as also shown in Fig. 1 5, a gear cone retaining plate 362 is fixed to gear housing 238, and specifically to a mount

364 having a threaded hole 364a (Figs. 1 1 and 1 2) thereof, by a screw fastener 366. Retaining plate 362 extends into annular slot

308 located between threaded portion 302 and helical gear portion

304 of gear cone 298. This retaining plate 362 ensures that gear

cone 298 is retained within housing 238 during shipping and handling of the assembly prior to assembly and may also be left in

place after installation to help stabilize gear cone 298 within housing

238 and ensure more accurate counting of the spring windings.

Operation

Referring to Fig. 1 , after the garage door 1 2 and

counterbalancing mechanism 30 have been installed substantially as shown in Fig. 1 with the door 1 2 in a closed position, the installer

simply engages drive head 78 of worm drive gear 70 with an

appropriate tool 80 (Fig. 3) to disengage gear retainer 82 and then rotates worm drive gear 70 clockwise as viewed from the perspective of Fig. 2. This rotates gear cone 54 and winds spring 32, adding a number of coils equal to the number of turns of gear cone 54. When end portion 154a of pointer 154 reaches the required number of turns as indicated on the graduated scale 152, the installer stops turning worm drive gear 70. When tool 80 is

disengaged, gear retainer and, more specifically spring clip portion 86 automatically springs back to restrain hex portion 78a of drive

head 78 from rotating. It should be noted that if adjacent coils were abutting or, in other words, touching when the winding process was started, then the spring would grow or lengthen by an amount corresponding to the number of coils added. However, with the present invention, this spring growth is accommodated through the use of the spring

32 having the preset gap 104 between adjacent coils 106 or by one of the two moving end fittings or cones 1 16 or 126 which replace fitting 36 when a spring having abutting coils is used. Spring growth and contraction is also accommodated during normal raising and lowering operations of door 12 by way of either the predetermined gaps 104 of spring 32 or by way of an axially moving end fitting or cone 1 16 or 126 as described above. Unwinding of the spring is accomplished in the same manner as winding except that the worm drive gear is rotated in a counterclockwise direction. The operation of the second embodiment depicted in Figs. 8-16 is the same as the first embodiment once, one or both counterbalancing mechanisms 218, 220 are installed as shown in Fig. 8, except that the gear retainer shown in the first embodiment has been eliminated from the second embodiment. It will be

appreciated that a gear retainer according to the first embodiment may also be provided for the second embodiment.

As will be appreciated from the foregoing, the second embodiment of Figs. 8-16 has many of the same advantages as the first embodiment and, in addition, one of ordinary skill will recognize that many of the different advantageous features of each embodiment may be combined into a single overhead door system. One of the main advantages of the second embodiment is readily apparent from a comparison of Figs. 1 1 and 15, wherein the same winding mechanism 226 may used in either a left or right hand orientation while still exposing a slot 269 or 310 for indicating the number of spring windings and also exposing a drive portion 262 or 263 (see Fig. 12) downwardly toward the installer.

Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been detailed above, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize modifications thereof and substitutions of various components which do not depart from the spirit of the invention. For example, although the embodiment of Figs. 6 and 7 is shown with two rollers, it may alternatively be designed to have more or less than this number of rolling elements and may simply be comprised of a roller bushing which allows axial motion along the

torsion shaft but not rotation about the torsion shaft. Also, it will be

appreciated that an appropriate counting mechanism may be

provided to count the number of revolutions of the gear cone and

thereby count the number of coils added to the torsion spring during the initial winding process. It will further be appreciated that the

relative positions of the adjacent drum and bearing may be reversed,

at least on the end of the torsion shaft having the counterbalancing

mechanism, such that the hub of the drum abuts the bushing of the

gear cone to directly take the thrust load of the spring instead of

indirectly taking this load by abutting the bearing. Thus, the drum may either directly or indirectly bear the thrust load and, in either

event, this load will not be on the sheet metal support or housing.

With these and other additions and modifications taken

into consideration, it is the Applicant's intent to be bound only by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A support assembly for supporting one end of a torsion spring and torsion shaft used to counterbalance an overhead door, said support assembly comprising: a housing having a through opening for receiving an end

of the torsion shaft; a ring gear mounted for rotation within said housing and about said through opening of said housing; and, a worm retained by said housing in intermeshing relation with said ring gear.

2. Counterbalancing apparatus for an overhead door disposed in an opening defined by a door frame structure, said apparatus comprising: a torsion shaft mounted for rotation between first and second stationary supports; a torsion spring having a first end fixed to said torsion shaft so as to allow rotation with said torsion shaft and axial movement along said torsion shaft during raising and lowering of

said overhead door, said torsion spring having a second end

operatively connected to a winding mechanism for winding said second end of said torsion spring with respect to said first end with said door held stationary, said winding mechanism being mounted to said first stationary support.

3. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 2 wherein said first end of said torsion spring is connected to a fitting, said fitting having a key slidably received by a keyway in said torsion shaft.

4. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 2 wherein said first end of said torsion spring is connected to a fitting having an inner portion including rolling elements for reducing friction between said fitting and said torsion shaft.

5. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 2 wherein said winding mechanism further comprises: i) a ring-shaped gear rotatably supported by said first stationary support, said ring-shaped gear being operatively

affixed to said second end of said torsion spring such that rotation of said ring-shaped gear rotates the second end of said spring with respect to the first end of said spring; and, ii) a worm drive gear rotatably supported by said mounting structure and including outer teeth meshing with the teeth of said ring-shaped gear.

6. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 5 further comprising a counting mechanism operatively connected to said ring- shaped gear for counting rotations of said ring-shaped gear.

7. Counterbalancing apparatus for an overhead door disposed in an opening defined by a door frame structure, said apparatus comprising: a torsion shaft mounted for rotation between first and second fixed supports; a torsion spring having a first end fixed to said torsion shaft such that said first end rotates with said torsion shaft but does not move axially along said torsion shaft during raising and lowering

of said overhead door, said torsion spring having a second end operatively connected to a winding mechanism for winding said second end with respect to said first end with said door held stationary, said winding mechanism being mounted to one of said first and second fixed supports, said spring being comprised of coils wherein adjacent coils are spaced from one another by a gap when said spring is in an unwound, resting state, said gap being generally defined by the formula:

Gap = (d)x(ΔN)x(f_r) N where: d = diameter of coil spring wire ΔN = number of coils added during winding f„ = overtravel factor N = total number of coils of unwound spring and f₀ is approximately in the range of 1 .1 to 2.0.

8. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 7 wherein said gap is approximately 1 /64" to 1 /32" wide.

9. Counterbalancing apparatus for an overhead door

disposed in an opening defined by a door frame structure, said

apparatus comprising: a) a torsion shaft;

b) a torsion spring having a first end fixed to said torsion shaft;

c) a gear system connected to a fixed mounting structure and operatively coupled to a second end of said torsion

spring, said gear system including: i) a ring-shaped gear rotatably supported by said

mounting structure, said ring-shaped gear being operatively affixed to said second end of said torsion spring such that rotation of said

ring-shaped gear rotates said second end of said spring with respect to said first end of said spring;

ii) a worm drive gear rotatably supported by said mounting structure and including outer teeth meshing with the teeth

of said ring-shaped gear; and,

iii) a gear retainer which engages said gear

system and restrains said ring-shaped gear and said worm drive gear

from rotation during operation of said overhead door, said gear

retainer being disengageable from said gear system to allow

operation of said gear system during winding and unwinding of said

torsion spring.

10. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 9 wherein said gear retainer further comprises a spring clip mounted proximate a drive head of said worm drive gear, said spring clip normally engaging said drive head to restrain rotation of said worm drive gear but being movable to a disengaged position upon application of a driving tool to said drive head.

1 1. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 10 wherein

said drive head includes a recessed portion defining the disengaged position of said spring clip.

12. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 9 wherein said ring-shaped gear further includes a fitting extending from one side thereof, said fitting being connected to the second end of said torsion spring.

13. Counterbalancing apparatus for an overhead door disposed in an opening defined by a door frame structure, said

apparatus comprising: a) a torsion shaft; b) a torsion spring having a first end fixed to said torsion shaft; c) a gear system connected to a fixed mounting structure and operatively coupled to a second end of said torsion spring, said gear system including: i) a ring-shaped gear rotatably supported by said mounting structure, said ring-shaped gear being operatively affixed to said second end of said torsion spring such that rotation of said ring-shaped gear rotates said second end of said spring with respect to said first end of said spring; and, ii) a worm drive gear rotatably supported by said mounting structure and including outer teeth meshing with the teeth of said ring-shaped gear, said worm drive gear being mounted with respect to said ring-shaped gear between a position in which an axis of rotation of said worm drive gear extends approximately vertically and a position in which said an axis of rotation of said worm drive gear extends inwardly at approximately 45° with respect to said door opening.

14. Counterbalancing apparatus for an overhead door comprising: a torsion shaft mounted for rotation between first and second roller bearings held by respective first and second fixed sheet metal supports disposed at opposite ends of said torsion shaft; a winding mechanism including a ring-shaped gear engaging a worm drive gear and each mounted for rotation to said first fixed support;

a torsion spring receiving said torsion shaft, a first end of said spring being rigidly affixed to said torsion shaft for rotation therewith and a second end of said torsion spring being affixed for rotation with said ring-shaped gear; and, first and second drums rigidly affixed to opposite ends of said torsion shaft for rotation therewith, said first drum at least indirectly bearing against said ring-shaped gear so as to bear a thrust load of said torsion spring when said torsion spring is in a wound state.

15. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 14 wherein said first roller bearing is mounted to said first support and is disposed between said ring-shaped gear and said first drum, wherein one side of said first roller bearing abuts against said ring-shaped gear and an opposite side of said first roller bearing abuts against said first drum.

16. Counterbalancing apparatus for an overhead door disposed in an opening defined by a door frame structure, said

apparatus comprising: a torsion shaft mounted for rotation between first and second stationary supports; a torsion spring having a first end fixed to said torsion shaft so as to allow rotation with said torsion shaft; a winding mechanism connected to a second end of said torsion spring for winding said second end of said torsion spring with respect to said first end with said door held stationary, said winding mechanism being mounted to said first stationary support; and, a counting mechanism operatively connected to said winding mechanism for counting windings of said torsion spring and providing indication of a number of said windings.

17. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 16 wherein said winding mechanism comprises a gear system connected to a fixed mounting structure and including: i) a ring-shaped gear rotatably supported by said

mounting structure, said ring-shaped gear being operatively affixed to said second end of said torsion spring such that rotation of said ring-shaped gear rotates said second end of said spring with respect to said first end of said spring; and,

ii) a worm drive gear rotatably supported by said

mounting structure and including outer teeth meshing with the teeth of said ring-shaped gear.

18. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 17 wherein said counting mechanism comprises a counting gear having teeth in engagement with the of said ring-shaped gear, said counting gear further being operatively coupled to an indicator device which provides indication of a number of rotations of said ring-shaped gear as a function of a number of rotations of said counting gear.

19. An overhead door system, including an overhead door

which is operative to open and close a door opening having left and

right sides as viewed from inside said overhead door, and

counterbalancing apparatus for said overhead door, said apparatus

comprising: a) a torsion shaft mounted for rotation between left

and right stationary supports respectively mounted adjacent said left

and right sides of said overhead door;

b) a torsion spring having a first end and a second end,

said first end fixed to said torsion shaft so as to allow rotation with

said torsion shaft;

c) a winding mechanism connected to one of said left and right stationary supports by respective connecting elements on said one of said left and right stationary supports and said winding

mechanism, said winding mechanism further having a ring gear

connected to said second end of said torsion spring and a worm

engaged with said ring gear, wherein rotation of said worm rotates

said ring gear to wind said second end of said torsion spring with

respect to said first end, and said counterbalancing apparatus may be interchangeably connected to said left or right stationary support

while exposing a drive portion thereof at an orientation extending away from said door.

20. The overhead door system of claim 19 wherein said worm includes a drive portion on both ends thereof with each drive

portion being exposed for engagement by a tool.

21. The overhead door system of claim 19 wherein the exposed drive portion extends at an acute angle with respect to said door opening.

22. Counterbalancing apparatus for an overhead door

disposed in an opening defined by a door frame structure, said

apparatus comprising:

a) a torsion shaft;

b) a torsion spring having a first end fixed to said torsion shaft;

c) a gear system connected to a fixed mounting

structure and operatively coupled to a second end of said torsion

spring, said gear system including:

i) a ring-shaped gear rotatably supported by said mounting structure, said ring-shaped gear being operatively affixed

to said second end of said torsion spring such that rotation of said

ring-shaped gear rotates said second end of said spring with respect

to said first end of said spring; and,

ii) a worm drive gear rotatably supported by said mounting structure and including outer teeth meshing with the teeth

of said ring-shaped gear, said worm drive gear being mounted with

respect to said ring-shaped gear between a position in which an axis

of rotation of said worm drive gear extends at an acute angle with

respect to said door opening.

23. Counterbalancing apparatus for an overhead door disposed in an opening defined by a door frame structure, said apparatus comprising: a torsion shaft mounted for rotation between first and

second stationary supports; a torsion spring having a first end fixed to said torsion shaft so as to allow rotation with said torsion shaft; a winding mechanism connected to a second end of

said torsion spring for winding said second end of said torsion spring with respect to said first end with said door held stationary, said winding mechanism being mounted to said first stationary support and including a cylindrical threaded member which rotates as said torsion spring is wound by said winding mechanism; and, a threaded counting element connected to said cylindrical threaded member, said threaded counting element traversing along said threaded cylindrical member during rotation thereof and thereby indicating a number of torsion spring windings.

24. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 23 wherein said threaded counting element further comprises a clip which attaches to said threaded cylindrical member.

25. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 24 wherein

said clip is a resilient, generally "C"-shaped member having a pointer

extending therefrom.

26. The counterbalancing apparatus of claim 25 wherein

said winding mechanism includes a housing containing said threaded

cylindrical member and including an elongate opening which receives

said pointer and allows said pointer to traverse along a winding scale provided outside said opening.

27. A winding mechanism for winding one end of a torsion spring with respect to a torsion shaft used to counterbalance an overhead door, said winding mechanism comprising: a housing having a through opening for receiving an end of the torsion shaft; a ring gear mounted for rotation within said housingand about said through opening of said housing; and, a worm retained by said housing in intermeshing

relation with said ring gear by a pair of slots engaging two shaft portions at opposite ends of said worm.

28. The winding mechanism of claim 27 wherein said shaft portions are received in said slots with a snap fit.

29. The winding mechanism of claim 27 wherein said ring gear is a helical gear and the intermeshing relation between said ring gear and said worm traps said worm between said slots.

30. A device for supplying a stored counterbalancing force to a spring of an overhead door system, said mechanism comprising:

a mounting bracket; a housing having mounting structure for mating with mounting structure on said bracket; a ring gear mounted for rotation within said housing and including an element connected for rotation therewith for supplying said stored counterbalancing force to said spring as said ring gear is rotated; a worm mounted to said housing in intermeshing engagement with said ring gear; and, wherein the mounting structure of said housing and said bracket cooperates to enable said housing to be mounted in two selective orientations, one orientation being for mounting said housing on a left side of said overhead door and another orientation being for mounting said housing on a right side of an overhead door,

wherein said worm extends at substantially the same angle in each orientation.