WO1995034596A1 - Process for preparing polyaspartic acid imides - Google Patents
Process for preparing polyaspartic acid imides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995034596A1 WO1995034596A1 PCT/EP1995/002045 EP9502045W WO9534596A1 WO 1995034596 A1 WO1995034596 A1 WO 1995034596A1 EP 9502045 W EP9502045 W EP 9502045W WO 9534596 A1 WO9534596 A1 WO 9534596A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phosphoric acid
- aspartic acid
- acid
- polycondensation
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N D-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229960005261 aspartic acid Drugs 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-OH-Asp Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1092—Polysuccinimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/18—Phosphoric acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3719—Polyamides or polyimides
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyaspartimides by condensation of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid.
- Two-stage processes for the preparation of polyaspartimides are known from DD-A-262 665 and DE-A-4 023 463.
- the polycondensation is carried out in the presence of condensing agents such as phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid.
- condensation is carried out in the solid phase.
- the two-stage process described is technically complex because, for example, the condensate obtained in the first stage must be comminuted according to the teaching of DE-A-4 023 463.
- the object is achieved according to the invention with a process for the preparation of polyaspartimides by polycondensation of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid, if one
- the precondensate is then polycondensed in a layer thickness of 0.1 to 10 mm at temperatures of 180 to 250 ° C. under shear.
- All isomers 20 or isomer mixtures of aspartic acid can be polycondensed by the process according to the invention, e.g. L-aspartic acid, D, L-aspartic acid, D-aspartic acid and mixtures of L-, D, L- and D-aspartic acid.
- the phosphoric acid used as a condensation aid can be anhydrous or water-containing. The commercially available 25-75% phosphoric acid is usually used.
- the polycondensation of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid is carried out in a two-stage process.
- a mixture of aspartic acid and phosphorus is first prepared.
- phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of 1: 0.8 to 1: 3, preferably 1: 1.1 to 1: 2.
- the aspartic acid dissolves into clear solutions or remains suspended in the phosphoric acid. If the water is distilled off from suspensions of aspartic acid in aqueous phosphoric acid, aspartic acid dissolves in
- 40 acid and phosphoric acid are precondensed in the first stage of the process at temperatures in the range from 80 to 180 ° C., preferably 100 to 130 ° C. ' First of all, under pressures of 1050 to 50 mbar, low-water or anhydrous solutions of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid are formed, which, depending on the temperature
- the polycondensate content can be determined, for example. by adding water to aliquots.
- the polycondensates precipitate and can be detected gravimetrically.
- the polymer content of the precondensates is usually below 70, preferably below 50,% by weight.
- the polyaspartimides contained in the precondensates usually have molecular weights (weight averages) below 10,000.
- the precondensation is carried out so far that flowable and pumpable precondensates are obtained.
- the viscosity of the pre-condensates at 80 to 150 ° C is at most 20,000, preferably at most 10,000 mPas. In most cases the viscosity of the precondensates at temperatures in the range in which the precondensation is carried out is 50 to 5,000 mPas.
- the precondensates can be produced, for example, in boilers which are equipped with a stirrer, in boiler casings, circulation evaporators, falling film evaporators, thin-film evaporators, flash evaporators, disk reactors, single- and multi-shaft paddle or paddle evaporators, dewatering extruders, multi-shaft screw machines and degassing centrifuges similar apparatus.
- the precondensates can be stored or transported in liquid or pumpable form in heated or in heat-insulated vessels.
- the precondensation is carried out, for example, in a boiler equipped with a stirrer, it is conveyed, for example with the aid of heatable pumps, through heatable pipes into the reactor, in which they are subsequently subjected to the polycondensation.
- the pre-condensate heated to 80 to 150 ° C can also be metered into the polycondensation reactor by means of gas pressure through heated pipes.
- the polycondensation reactor in which the second stage of the process according to the invention is carried out, consists of a heated reaction surface, on which the precondensate is applied in a 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm thin layer and sheared by means of mechanical elements becomes.
- Such reactors are known. As stated above in relation to the prior art, they have hitherto been used mainly for degassing plastics.
- the input of mechanical energy, which is applied to the thin layer of the pre-condensate for shear, is strongly dependent on the viscosity of the pre-condensate.
- the dissipation power is, for example, approximately 2 to 5 kW for product viscosities below 100 Pas and up to 10 kW for product viscosities above 100 Pas, each per 1 m 2 of reaction area.
- the pre-condensate can be sheared under atmospheric pressure or ter reduced pressure can be carried out, for example in the range from 1 to 900, preferably 30 to 600 mbar.
- the polycondensation in the process according to the invention also takes place in a thin layer in the second process stage, each but under shear.
- the reacting layer is sheared, for example, by brushes, scratches, scrapers or hooks that are attached to the device.
- Another embodiment is, for example, that two or more rolls rotating in the same direction or in opposite directions with a gap width of 0.1 to 10 mm at temperatures of 180 to 250 ° C. are charged with the precondensate.
- multi-shaft screw machines, thin-film apparatus, film trudder, disc reactors and screen basket reactors are suitable as devices in which the polymerization can be carried out. Such devices have a significantly larger specific degassing surface than extruders.
- the reaction surface can be flat or curved.
- the inner wall of a tube is used as the reaction surface.
- the input of mechanical energy to shear the reaction mixture then takes place through one or more rotors or intermeshing screws.
- the rotors can optionally be equipped with elements which mechanically move the 0.1 to 10 mm thick film adhering to the reactor wall.
- the rotor can contain shear elements that sweep and / or convey. The polycondensation can be carried out continuously or batchwise in these apparatuses.
- the shear rate is between 50 and 100,000, preferably 500 to 30,000 1 / s.
- the reaction times are short due to the shear of the reaction mixture and are usually, for example, between 0.5 and 10 minutes.
- the reaction time depends, for example, on the speed at which the water of reaction formed can be removed from the layer which is polycondensed.
- the heat energy which is not introduced into the reaction mixture by shearing, can be supplied by contacting the reaction mixture with hot surfaces or by irradiation with high-energy radiation.
- the precondensate obtainable according to (a) is polycondensed at temperatures from 180 to 250 ° C. with shear.
- the reaction mixtures obtainable according to (b) are still flowable and pumpable under the reaction conditions.
- the viscosities of the reaction mixtures are usually 1 to 10,000 Pas at temperatures of 180 to 250 ° C., measured at a shear rate of 10 1 / s.
- the reaction solutions contain, for example, 20 to 55% by weight of polyaspartimide and 80 to 45% by weight of phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid.
- the polyasparaginimides have molar masses (weight average) of about 3,000 to 200,000, preferably 5,000 to 100,000.
- this characteristic number is, for example, between 50 and 500 kgh _1 ⁇ r 2 .
- This characteristic number is, for example, in the case of the polycondensation process in a thin layer 10 to which is specified in the prior art
- the specific surface load is, for example, 10 to 40 kgh -1 ⁇ r 2 .
- Polyaspartimide can easily be isolated from the reaction mixtures, for example by adding the reaction product to water and washing it with sufficient amounts of water. This gives, for example, polyaspartimides which contain between 0.1 and 10% by weight of phosphoric acid.
- the polyaspartimides obtainable by the process according to the invention can be used for the known purposes, e.g. in the form of the imides or also in the alkali which can be obtained from the amides by neutralization with bases
- Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or aqueous potassium hydroxide solution is preferably used for the hydrolysis of the polyaspartimides.
- the salts of polyaspartic acid can be isolated from the aqueous solutions by evaporating the water.
- the Salts of polyaspartic acid are used not only in detergents and cleaners but also as a scale inhibitor or as a dispersant.
- the K values of the polyaspartimides in the examples were determined according to H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie, Vol. 13, 58-64 and 71-74 (1932) in a 1% strength by weight solution in dimethylformamide at 25 ° C. .
- the percentages in the examples mean% by weight.
- the mixtures of aspartic acid and 75% phosphoric acid given in Table 1 were prepared in a 1 l stirred kettle. The mixtures were stirred at temperatures from 100 to 120 ° C., the aspartic acid dissolving completely or only partially in the phosphoric acid / water mixture. The mixture was then largely dewatered under a pressure of 100 mbar and a temperature of 100 to 120 ° C. by distillation within 2 hours. In this case, only enough water was distilled off to remove the water introduced into the system by the aqueous phosphoric acid. The temperature of the reaction mixture reaches 120 ° C. at the end of the distillation.
- the proportion of low molecular weight polycondensate in the reaction mixture was determined by diluting a sample of the reaction mixture with water. It was about 5%.
- the pre-condensates are still flowable at temperatures of 100 to 120 ° C and can be pumped well in commercially available pumps in heated pipes.
- a Sambay thin film evaporator customary in the laboratory was used as the polycondensation reactor.
- the rotor blades were movably connected to the rotor and were pressed against the wall by centrifugal force during operation.
- the apparatus consisted of an externally heated glass tube with a concentrically arranged rotor.
- the rotor was equipped with conveying elements so that an approximately 0.1 to 0.2 mm wide gap was created.
- the rotor was operated at a speed of 500 to 1,000 revolutions / min.
- the precondensates described above were metered into the reactor inlet through a line heated to 120 to 130 ° C.
- the internal pressure in the reactor was during the polycondensation 500 mbar.
- the residence times in the polycondensation zone of the reactor were 1 to 4 minutes.
- the temperature at which the polycondensation was carried out is given in Table 1 as the reactor temperature.
- the water formed in the reaction was passed through the reactor head into a downstream cooler and condensed there.
- the polyaspartimides obtained in the examples were washed free of phosphoric acid by washing with water, dried and analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- aspartic acid was mixed in the proportions given in Table 2 with 75% phosphoric acid at a temperature of 100 to 120 ° C.
- the mixture was then largely dewatered under a pressure of 100 mbar and a temperature in the range from 100 to 120 ° C. by distilling off water within 2 hours. Only as much water was removed as was introduced into the system by the phosphoric acid.
- the temperature of the reaction mixture was 120 ° C.
- the content of low molecular weight polycondensate was determined by diluting a sample of the precondensate. It was about 5% in both cases.
- the precondensates are at temperatures from 100 to 120 ° C still flowable and can be easily pumped through heated pipes using commercially available pumps.
- a film truder was used as the polycondensation reactor.
- the rotor blades were rigidly connected to the rotor. Conveying and distributing rotor elements were used in each case.
- the apparatus consisted of an externally heated cylindrical process part with a concentrically arranged rotor.
- the rotor was equipped with conveying and spreading elements so that an approx. 0.5 to 2 mm wide gap was created.
- the rotor was operated at a speed of 100 to 300 revolutions / min.
- the precondensates listed in Table 2 were then metered into the reactor inlet through a line heated to 120 to 130 ° C.
- the reactor was operated under an internal pressure of 50 to 150 mbar and had the temperature given in Table 2.
- the residence times of the reaction mixture in the active zone of the reactor were 1 to 6 minutes.
- the water of reaction formed during the reaction was passed via the reactor head into a downstream cooler and condensed there.
- the polycondensates were washed free of phosphoric acid by washing with water, dried and analyzed. The results are shown in Table 2.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
A process is disclosed for preparing polyaspartic acid imides. A mixture of aspartic acid and phosphoric acid in a molar ratio from 1:0.8 to 1:3 is condensed at a temperature from 80 to 150 °C into a pre-condensate liquid in the reaction conditions, and the pre-condensate is then polycondensed under shearing at temperatures from 180 to 250 °C in a layer with 0.1 to 10 mm thickness.
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von PolyasparaginsäureimidenProcess for the preparation of polyaspartic acid imides
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyas¬ paraginsäureimiden durch Kondensation von Asparaginsäure in Phosphorsäure.The invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyaspartimides by condensation of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid.
Aus der FR-A-2 059 475 ist bekannt, Mischungen aus D,L-Asparagin- säure und 85 %iger Phosphorsäure durch Erhitzen unter verminder¬ tem Druck bei Temperaturen von 170 bis 200°C innerhalb von 4 Stun¬ den zu Polyasparaginsäureimiden zu kondensieren. Die Kondensation wird beispielsweise in einem Rotationsverdampfer durchgeführt. Gemäß der Lehre dieser Veröffentlichung sollen die Oberflächen der Reaktionsmischung ständig erneuert werden.From FR-A-2 059 475 it is known to mix mixtures of D, L-aspartic acid and 85% phosphoric acid by heating under reduced pressure at temperatures from 170 to 200 ° C. within 4 hours to give polyaspartic acid imides condense. The condensation is carried out, for example, in a rotary evaporator. According to the teaching of this publication, the surfaces of the reaction mixture should be constantly renewed.
Neri et al beschreiben in J. Med. Chem., Band 16, Seiten 893 -897 (1973) , ein Verfahren, bei dem eine Mischung aus Asparaginsäure und Phosphorsäure in dünner Schicht auf einer mit Teflon be¬ schichteten Unterlage bei 180°C unter vermindertem Druck konden¬ siert wird.Neri et al in J. Med. Chem., Volume 16, pages 893-897 (1973) describe a process in which a mixture of aspartic acid and phosphoric acid in a thin layer on a surface coated with Teflon at 180 ° C. under reduced pressure is condensed.
Aus der DD-A-262 665 und der DE-A-4 023 463 sind zweistufige Ver- fahren zur Herstellung von Polyasparaginsäureimiden bekannt. Die Polykondensation wird in Gegenwart von Kondensationmitteln wie Phosphorsäure oder Polyphosphorsäure durchgeführt. In der zweiten Stufe der Polykondensation wird jeweils in fester Phase konden¬ siert. Die beschriebene zweistufige Verfahrensführung ist tech- nisch aufwendig, weil beispielsweise das in der ersten Stufe er¬ haltene Kondensat gemäß der Lehre der DE-A-4 023 463 zerkleinert werden muß.Two-stage processes for the preparation of polyaspartimides are known from DD-A-262 665 and DE-A-4 023 463. The polycondensation is carried out in the presence of condensing agents such as phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid. In the second stage of the polycondensation, condensation is carried out in the solid phase. The two-stage process described is technically complex because, for example, the condensate obtained in the first stage must be comminuted according to the teaching of DE-A-4 023 463.
Hei gartner beschreibt in "Entgasen von Kunststoffen", VDI-Ver- lag, 1980, Seiten 733 ff. eine Vorrichtung, in der Reaktionsgemi¬ sche, die eine hohe Viskosität haben, in dünner Schicht umgesetzt bzw. verarbeitet werden. Solche Dünnschichtapparate werden vor¬ zugsweise zur Restmonomerentfernung und Restentgasung von Poly¬ styrol, Polysulfon, Polycarbonat oder Polyamid eingesetzt. Die Polykondensation von Polyethylenterephthalat wurde bereits in ei¬ ner solchen Vorrichtung durchgeführt. Naef gibt in "Entgasen beim Herstellen und Aufbereiten von Kunststoffen", VDI-Verlag, 1992, Seiten 111 ff. typische Betriebsbedingungen für diese Apparate an.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein tech¬ nisch realisierbares Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyasparagin¬ säureimiden zur Verfügung zu stellen, das gegenüber den bekannten Verfahren höhere Raum-Zeit-Ausbeuten aufweist. 5Hei gartner describes in "Degassing plastics", VDI-Verlag, 1980, pages 733 ff. A device in which reaction mixtures which have a high viscosity are converted or processed in a thin layer. Such thin-film apparatuses are preferably used for residual monomer removal and residual degassing of polystyrene, polysulfone, polycarbonate or polyamide. The polycondensation of polyethylene terephthalate has already been carried out in such a device. In "Degassing in the manufacture and processing of plastics", VDI-Verlag, 1992, pages 111 ff., Naef specifies typical operating conditions for these apparatuses. The present invention has for its object to provide a technically feasible process for the preparation of polyaspartic acid imides which has higher space-time yields than the known processes. 5
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyasparaginsäureimiden durch Polykondensation von Asparaginsäure in Phosphorsäure, wenn manThe object is achieved according to the invention with a process for the preparation of polyaspartimides by polycondensation of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid, if one
10 (a) eine Mischung aus Asparaginsäure und Phosphorsäure im Molver¬ hältnis 1 : 0,8 bis 1 : 3 bei 80 bis 150°C zu einem Vorkon¬ densat kondensiert, das unter den Reaktionsbedingungen flüs¬ sig ist, und10 (a) a mixture of aspartic acid and phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of 1: 0.8 to 1: 3 is condensed at 80 to 150 ° C. to give a precondensate which is liquid under the reaction conditions, and
15 (b) das Vorkondensat anschließend in einer Schichtdicke von 0,1 bis 10 mm bei Temperaturen von 180 bis 250°C unter Scherung polykondensiert.15 (b) the precondensate is then polycondensed in a layer thickness of 0.1 to 10 mm at temperatures of 180 to 250 ° C. under shear.
Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können sämtliche Isomere 20 bzw. Isomerengemische der Asparaginsäure polykondensiert werden, z.B. L-Asparaginsäure, D,L-Asparaginsäure, D-Asparaginsäure sowie Mischungen von L-, D,L- und D-Asparaginsäure. Die als Kondensati¬ onshilfsmittel verwendete Phosphorsäure kann wasserfrei oder was¬ serhaltig sein. Üblicherweise setzt man die im Handel erhältliche- 25 75 %ige Phosphorsäure ein.All isomers 20 or isomer mixtures of aspartic acid can be polycondensed by the process according to the invention, e.g. L-aspartic acid, D, L-aspartic acid, D-aspartic acid and mixtures of L-, D, L- and D-aspartic acid. The phosphoric acid used as a condensation aid can be anhydrous or water-containing. The commercially available 25-75% phosphoric acid is usually used.
Die Polykondensation der Asparaginsäure in Phosphorsäure erfolgt nach einem zweistufigen Verfahren. In der ersten Verfahrensstufe stellt man zunächst eine Mischung aus Asparaginsäure und Phos-The polycondensation of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid is carried out in a two-stage process. In the first stage of the process, a mixture of aspartic acid and phosphorus is first prepared.
30 phorsäure im Molverhältnis 1:0,8 bis 1:3, vorzugsweise 1:1,1 bis 1:2 her. Je nach Wassergehalt löst sich die Asparaginsäure zu klaren Lösungen oder bleibt in der Phosphorsäure aufgeschlämmt. Wenn man aus Suspensionen von Asparaginsäure in wäßriger Phos¬ phorsäure das Wasser abdestilliert, löst sich Asparaginsäure in30 phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of 1: 0.8 to 1: 3, preferably 1: 1.1 to 1: 2. Depending on the water content, the aspartic acid dissolves into clear solutions or remains suspended in the phosphoric acid. If the water is distilled off from suspensions of aspartic acid in aqueous phosphoric acid, aspartic acid dissolves in
35 Phosphorsäure vollständig auf. Man erhält wasserarme oder wasser¬ freie Lösungen von Asparaginsäure in Phosphorsäure. Um das Wasser aus den Lösungen bzw. Suspensionen von Asparaginsäure in wasser¬ haltiger Phosphorsäure zu entfernen, kann man gegebenenfalls auch unter vermindertem Druck arbeiten. Die Mischungen aus Asparagin-35 phosphoric acid completely. Low-water or water-free solutions of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid are obtained. In order to remove the water from the solutions or suspensions of aspartic acid in water-containing phosphoric acid, it is optionally also possible to work under reduced pressure. The mixtures of asparagine
40 säure und Phosphorsäure werden in der ersten Stufe des Verfahrens bei Temperaturen in dem Bereich von 80 bis 180°C, vorzugsweise 100 bis 130°C vorkondensiert.' Zunächst entstehen z.B. unter Drücken von 1050 bis 50 mbar, wasserarme oder wasserfreie Lösungen von Asparaginsäure in Phosphorsäure, die in Abhängigkeit von der Tem-40 acid and phosphoric acid are precondensed in the first stage of the process at temperatures in the range from 80 to 180 ° C., preferably 100 to 130 ° C. ' First of all, under pressures of 1050 to 50 mbar, low-water or anhydrous solutions of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid are formed, which, depending on the temperature
45 peratur und der Dauer bei der Vorkondensation bereits kleine An¬ teile an Polykondensaten der Asparaginsäure enthalten können. Der Gehalt an Polykondensaten kann beispielsweise bestimmt werden.
indem man aliquote Teile mit Wasser versetzt. Dabei fallen die Polykondensate aus und können gravimetrisch erfaßt werden. Der Polymergehalt der Vorkondensate beträgt üblicherweise unter 70, vorzugsweise unter 50 Gew.-%. Die in den Vorkondensaten enthalte- nen Polyasparagensäureimide haben üblicherweise Molgewichte (Ge¬ wichtsmittel) unterhalb von 10.000.45 temperature and the duration during the precondensation may already contain small proportions of polycondensates of aspartic acid. The polycondensate content can be determined, for example. by adding water to aliquots. The polycondensates precipitate and can be detected gravimetrically. The polymer content of the precondensates is usually below 70, preferably below 50,% by weight. The polyaspartimides contained in the precondensates usually have molecular weights (weight averages) below 10,000.
Die Vorkondensation wird so weit geführt, daß man noch fließfä¬ hige und pumpbare Vorkondensate erhält. Die Viskosität der Vor- kondensate beträgt bei 80 bis 150°C höchstens 20.000, vorzugsweise höchstens 10.000 mPas. In den meisten Fällen beträgt die Viskosi¬ tät der Vorkondensate bei Temperaturen in dem Bereich, bei dem die Vorkondensaton durchgeführt wird, 50 bis 5.000 mPas.The precondensation is carried out so far that flowable and pumpable precondensates are obtained. The viscosity of the pre-condensates at 80 to 150 ° C is at most 20,000, preferably at most 10,000 mPas. In most cases the viscosity of the precondensates at temperatures in the range in which the precondensation is carried out is 50 to 5,000 mPas.
Die Vorkondensate können beispielsweise in Kesseln hergestellt werden, die mit einem Rührer ausgestattet sind, in Kesselkaska¬ den, UmlaufVerdampfern, Fallfilmverdampfern, Dünnschichtverdamp¬ fern, Flashverdampfern, Scheibenreaktoren, ein- und mehrwelligen Schaufel- oder Paddelverdampfern, Entwässerungsextrudern, Mehr- wellenschneckenmaschinen, Entgasungszentrifugen und ähnlichen Ap¬ paraten. Die Vorkondensate können in flüssiger bzw. pumpfähiger Form in beheizten oder in wärmeisolierten Gefäßen gelagert oder transportiert werden. Wenn man die Vorkondensation beispielsweise in einem Kessel durchführt, der mit einem Rührer ausgestattet ist, werden sie beispielsweise mit Hilfe von beheizbaren Pumpen durch beheizbare Rohrleitungen in den Reaktor gefördert, in dem sie anschließend der Polykondensation unterworfen werden. Das auf 80 bis 150°C erwärmte Vorkondensat kann auch mittels Gasdruck durch beheizte Rohrleitungen in den Polykondensationsreaktor do- siert werden.The precondensates can be produced, for example, in boilers which are equipped with a stirrer, in boiler casings, circulation evaporators, falling film evaporators, thin-film evaporators, flash evaporators, disk reactors, single- and multi-shaft paddle or paddle evaporators, dewatering extruders, multi-shaft screw machines and degassing centrifuges similar apparatus. The precondensates can be stored or transported in liquid or pumpable form in heated or in heat-insulated vessels. If the precondensation is carried out, for example, in a boiler equipped with a stirrer, it is conveyed, for example with the aid of heatable pumps, through heatable pipes into the reactor, in which they are subsequently subjected to the polycondensation. The pre-condensate heated to 80 to 150 ° C can also be metered into the polycondensation reactor by means of gas pressure through heated pipes.
Der Polykondensationsreaktor, in dem die zweite Stufe des erfin¬ dungsgemäßen Verfahrens durchgeführt wird, besteht aus einer be¬ heizten Reaktionsfläche, auf der das Vorkondensat in 0,1 bis 10, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 5 mm dünnen Schicht aufgebracht und mittels mechanischer Elemente geschert wird. Solche Reaktoren sind be¬ kannt. Wie oben zum Stand der Technik angegeben ist, wurden sie bisher hauptsächlich zum Entgasen von Kunststoffen eingesetzt.The polycondensation reactor, in which the second stage of the process according to the invention is carried out, consists of a heated reaction surface, on which the precondensate is applied in a 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm thin layer and sheared by means of mechanical elements becomes. Such reactors are known. As stated above in relation to the prior art, they have hitherto been used mainly for degassing plastics.
Der Eintrag an mechanischer Energie, die zur Scherung auf die dünne Schicht des Vorkondensats eingebracht wird, ist stark von der Viskosität des Vor ondensats abhängig. Die Dissipationslei- stung beträgt beispielsweise ca. 2 bis 5 kW bei Produktviskositä¬ ten unterhalb von 100 Pas und bis zu 10 kW bei Produktviskositä- ten oberhalb von 100 Pas, jeweils pro 1 m2 Reaktionsfläche. Die Scherung des Vorkondensates kann unter atmosphärem Druck oder un-
ter vermindertem Druck vorgenommen werden, z.B. in dem Bereich von 1 bis 900, vorzugsweise 30 bis 600 mbar.The input of mechanical energy, which is applied to the thin layer of the pre-condensate for shear, is strongly dependent on the viscosity of the pre-condensate. The dissipation power is, for example, approximately 2 to 5 kW for product viscosities below 100 Pas and up to 10 kW for product viscosities above 100 Pas, each per 1 m 2 of reaction area. The pre-condensate can be sheared under atmospheric pressure or ter reduced pressure can be carried out, for example in the range from 1 to 900, preferably 30 to 600 mbar.
Während gemäß dem Stand der Technik die Polymerisation von Aspa- raginsäure in Gegenwart von Phosphorsäure in dünner Schicht auf einem Band unter vermindertem Druck vorgenommen wird, erfolgt die Polykondensation bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in der zwei¬ ten Verfahrensstufe zwar ebenfalls in einer dünnen Schicht, je¬ doch unter Scherung. Bei einer Ausführungsform wird die reagie- rende Schicht beispielsweise durch Bürsten, Kratzer, Schaber oder Haken, die in der Vorrichtung angebracht sind, geschert. Eine an¬ dere Ausführungsform besteht beispielsweise darin, daß zwei oder mehrere gleichsinnig oder gegenläufig rotierende Walzen mit einer Spaltweite von 0,1 bis 10 mm bei Temperaturen von 180 bis 250°C mit dem Vorkondensat beschickt werden. Weiterhin eignen sich Mehrwellenschneckenmaschinen, Dünnschichtapparate, Filmtruder, Scheibenreaktoren und Siebkorbreaktoren als Vorrichtungen, in de¬ nen die Polymerisation durchgeführt werden kann. Solche Vorrich¬ tungen haben gegenüber Extrudern eine deutlich größere spezifi- sehe Entgasungsoberfläche.While, according to the prior art, the polymerization of aspartic acid in the presence of phosphoric acid is carried out in a thin layer on a belt under reduced pressure, the polycondensation in the process according to the invention also takes place in a thin layer in the second process stage, each but under shear. In one embodiment, the reacting layer is sheared, for example, by brushes, scratches, scrapers or hooks that are attached to the device. Another embodiment is, for example, that two or more rolls rotating in the same direction or in opposite directions with a gap width of 0.1 to 10 mm at temperatures of 180 to 250 ° C. are charged with the precondensate. Furthermore, multi-shaft screw machines, thin-film apparatus, film trudder, disc reactors and screen basket reactors are suitable as devices in which the polymerization can be carried out. Such devices have a significantly larger specific degassing surface than extruders.
Die Reaktionsfläche kann eben oder gekrümmt sein. Bei einer be¬ sonderes raumsparenden Ausführungsform des Reaktors benutzt man als Reaktionsfläche die Innenwand eines Rohres. Der Eintrag an mechanischer Energie zur Scherung des Reaktionsgemisches erfolgt dann durch einen oder mehrere Rotoren oder ineinander greifende Schnecken. Die Rotoren können gegebenenfalls mit Elemente be¬ stückt sein, die den an der Reaktorwand anhaftenden 0,1 bis 10 mm dicken Film mechanisch bewegen. Der Rotor kann scherende Elemente enthalten, die streichen und/oder fördern. Die Polykondensation kann in diesen Apparaten kontinuierlich oder batchweise durchge¬ führt werden.The reaction surface can be flat or curved. In a particularly space-saving embodiment of the reactor, the inner wall of a tube is used as the reaction surface. The input of mechanical energy to shear the reaction mixture then takes place through one or more rotors or intermeshing screws. The rotors can optionally be equipped with elements which mechanically move the 0.1 to 10 mm thick film adhering to the reactor wall. The rotor can contain shear elements that sweep and / or convey. The polycondensation can be carried out continuously or batchwise in these apparatuses.
Durch Scherung des Vorkondensats zwischen festen und beweglichen Elementen des Apparates wird ein hohes Maß an Wärmeenergie in das System eingebracht, das für die Polykondensation erforderlich ist. Beispielsweise beträgt das Schergefälle zwischen 50 und 100.000, vorzugsweise 500 bis 30.000 1/s. Die Reaktionszeiten sind durch die Scherung der Reaktionsmischung gering und liegen üblicherweise z.B. zwischen 0,5 und 10 min. Die Reaktionszeit hängt beispielsweise von der Geschwindigkeit ab, mit der das ent¬ stehende Reaktionswasser aus der Schicht entfernt werden kann, die polykondensiert wird. Die Wärmeenergie, die nicht durch Sche¬ rung in die Reaktionsmischung eingebracht wird, kann durch Kon- takt der Reaktionsmischung mit heißen Flächen oder durch Ein¬ strahlung energiereicher Strahlung zugeführt werden.
Im Verfahrensschritt (b) wird das gemäß (a) erhältliche Vorkon¬ densat bei Temperaturen von 180 bis 250°C unter Scherung polykon¬ densiert. Die gemäß (b) erhältlichen Reaktionsgemische sind unter den Reaktionsbedingungen noch fließfähig und pumpbar. Die Visko- 5 sitäten der Reaktionsmischungen betragen bei Temperaturen von 180 bis 250°C üblicherweise 1 bis 10.000 Pas, gemessen bei einem Schergefälle von 10 1/s. Die Reaktionslösungen enthalten bei¬ spielsweise 20 bis 55 Gew.-% Polyasparaginsäureimid und 80 bis 45 Gew.-% Phosphorsäure oder Polyphosphorsäure. Die Polyaspara- 10 ginsäureimide haben Molmassen (Gewichtsmittel) von etwa 3.000 bis 200.000, vorzugsweise 5.000 bis 100.000.By shearing the precondensate between fixed and movable elements of the apparatus, a high degree of thermal energy is introduced into the system, which is necessary for the polycondensation. For example, the shear rate is between 50 and 100,000, preferably 500 to 30,000 1 / s. The reaction times are short due to the shear of the reaction mixture and are usually, for example, between 0.5 and 10 minutes. The reaction time depends, for example, on the speed at which the water of reaction formed can be removed from the layer which is polycondensed. The heat energy, which is not introduced into the reaction mixture by shearing, can be supplied by contacting the reaction mixture with hot surfaces or by irradiation with high-energy radiation. In process step (b), the precondensate obtainable according to (a) is polycondensed at temperatures from 180 to 250 ° C. with shear. The reaction mixtures obtainable according to (b) are still flowable and pumpable under the reaction conditions. The viscosities of the reaction mixtures are usually 1 to 10,000 Pas at temperatures of 180 to 250 ° C., measured at a shear rate of 10 1 / s. The reaction solutions contain, for example, 20 to 55% by weight of polyaspartimide and 80 to 45% by weight of phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid. The polyasparaginimides have molar masses (weight average) of about 3,000 to 200,000, preferably 5,000 to 100,000.
Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß gegenüber dem nächst vergleichbaren Stand der Technik höhereThe advantage of the method according to the invention is that it is higher than the closest comparable prior art
15 Durchsätze pro Zeiteinheit und Reaktionsfläche erzielt werden, so daß man die Polykondensate wirtschaftlicher herstellen kann. Die Leistung eines Polykondensationsverfahrens kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer Kennzahl ausgedrückt werden. Als Kennzahl wird hierbei die spezifische Flächenbelastung als Kondensatmenge pro15 throughputs per unit of time and reaction area can be achieved, so that the polycondensates can be produced more economically. The performance of a polycondensation process can be expressed, for example, using a key figure. The specific area load as the amount of condensate per
20 Zeiteinheit [kg/h] bezogen auf die Reaktionsfläche in m2 defi¬ niert. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren liegt diese Kennzahl beispielsweise zwischen 50 und 500 kgh_1πr2. Diese Kennzahl be¬ trägt beispielsweise bei dem im Stand der Technik angegebenen Verfahren der Polykondensation in einer dünnen Schicht 10 bis20 time unit [kg / h] based on the reaction area in m 2 defined. In the method according to the invention, this characteristic number is, for example, between 50 and 500 kgh _1 πr 2 . This characteristic number is, for example, in the case of the polycondensation process in a thin layer 10 to which is specified in the prior art
25 30 kgh-1πr2, wenn man Polyasparaginsäureimide mit ausreichend ho¬ hen Molgewichten herstellen will. Bei einer Kondensation von As¬ paraginsäure und Phosphorsäure in einem Rührkessel liegt die spe¬ zifische Flächenbelastung beispielsweise bei 10 bis 40 kgh-1πr2.25 30 kgh -1 πr 2 if one wants to produce polyaspartimides with sufficiently high molecular weights. In the case of a condensation of aspartic acid and phosphoric acid in a stirred tank, the specific surface load is, for example, 10 to 40 kgh -1 πr 2 .
30 Polyasparaginsäureimid kann leicht aus den Reaktionsmischungen isoliert werden, indem man das Reaktionsprodukt beispielsweise in Wasser einträgt und mit ausreichenden Mengen Wasser wäscht. Hier¬ bei erhält man beispielsweise Polyasparaginsäureimide, die zwi¬ schen 0,1 und 10 Gew.-% Phosphorsäure enthalten. Durch weitere30 Polyaspartimide can easily be isolated from the reaction mixtures, for example by adding the reaction product to water and washing it with sufficient amounts of water. This gives, for example, polyaspartimides which contain between 0.1 and 10% by weight of phosphoric acid. By more
35 Reinigungsoperationen kann der Restgehalt an Phosphorsäure weiter erniedrigt werden. Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren er¬ hältlichen Polyasparaginsäureimide können für die bekannten Zwecke verwendet werden, z.B. in Form der Imide oder auch in der aus den Amiden durch Neutralisation mit Basen erhältlichen Alka-35 cleaning operations can further reduce the residual phosphoric acid content. The polyaspartimides obtainable by the process according to the invention can be used for the known purposes, e.g. in the form of the imides or also in the alkali which can be obtained from the amides by neutralization with bases
40 lisalze der Polyasparaginsäure als Zusatz zu Wasch- und Reini¬ gungsmitteln in Mengen von beispielsweise 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-%. Zur Hydrolyse der Polyasparaginsäureimide verwendet man vorzugsweise wäßrige Natronlauge oder wäßrige Kalilauge. Man erhält auf diese Weise die entsprechenden Natrium- bzw. Kalisalzlösungen von Poly-40 lisalts of polyaspartic acid as an additive to detergents and cleaners in amounts of, for example, 0.5 to 20% by weight. Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or aqueous potassium hydroxide solution is preferably used for the hydrolysis of the polyaspartimides. The corresponding sodium or potassium salt solutions of poly
45 asparaginsäure in einer Konzentration von beispielsweise 20 bis 50 Gew.-.%. Die Salze der Polyasparaginsäure können aus den wäßri¬ gen Lösungen durch Verdampfen des Wassers isoliert werden. Die
Salze der Polyasparaginsäure werden außer in Wasch- und Reini¬ gungsmitteln noch als Scaleinhibitor oder als Dispergiermittel verwendet.45 aspartic acid in a concentration of, for example, 20 to 50% by weight. The salts of polyaspartic acid can be isolated from the aqueous solutions by evaporating the water. The Salts of polyaspartic acid are used not only in detergents and cleaners but also as a scale inhibitor or as a dispersant.
Die K-Werte der Polyaspartimide in den Beispielen wurden nach H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie, Band 13, 58-64 und 71-74 (1932) , in 1 gew.-%iger Lösung in Dimethylformamid bei 25°C be¬ stimmt. Die Prozentangaben in den Beispielen bedeuten Gew.-%.The K values of the polyaspartimides in the examples were determined according to H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie, Vol. 13, 58-64 and 71-74 (1932) in a 1% strength by weight solution in dimethylformamide at 25 ° C. . The percentages in the examples mean% by weight.
BeispieleExamples
Beispiele 1 bis 5Examples 1 to 5
Herstellung der VorkondensateProduction of the pre-condensates
In einem 1 1 fassenden Rührkessel stellte man die in Tabelle 1 jeweils angegebenen Mischungen aus Asparaginsäure und 75 %iger Phosphorsäure her. Die Mischungen wurden bei Temperaturen von 100 bis 120°C gerührt, wobei sich die Asparaginsäure in der Phosphor- säure/Wasser-Mischung vollständig oder nur teilweise auflöste. Die Mischung wurde anschließend unter einem Druck von 100 mbar und einer Temperatur von 100 bis 120°C durch Destillation inner¬ halb von 2 Stunden weitgehend entwässert. Man destillierte hier¬ bei nur soviel Wasser ab, daß das durch die wäßrige Phosphorsäure in das System eingebrachte Wasser entfernt wurde. Die Temperatur der Reaktionsmischung erreicht am Ende der Destillation 120°C. Durch Verdünnen einer Probe des Reaktionsgemisches mit Wasser wurde der Anteil an niedrigmolekularem Polykondensat in der Reak¬ tionsmischung bestimmt. Er betrug ca. 5 %. Die Vorkondensate sind bei Temperaturen von 100 bis 120°C noch gut fließfähig und können mit handelsüblichen Pumpen in beheizten Leitungen gut gefördert werden.The mixtures of aspartic acid and 75% phosphoric acid given in Table 1 were prepared in a 1 l stirred kettle. The mixtures were stirred at temperatures from 100 to 120 ° C., the aspartic acid dissolving completely or only partially in the phosphoric acid / water mixture. The mixture was then largely dewatered under a pressure of 100 mbar and a temperature of 100 to 120 ° C. by distillation within 2 hours. In this case, only enough water was distilled off to remove the water introduced into the system by the aqueous phosphoric acid. The temperature of the reaction mixture reaches 120 ° C. at the end of the distillation. The proportion of low molecular weight polycondensate in the reaction mixture was determined by diluting a sample of the reaction mixture with water. It was about 5%. The pre-condensates are still flowable at temperatures of 100 to 120 ° C and can be pumped well in commercially available pumps in heated pipes.
PolykondensationPolycondensation
Als Polykondensationsreaktor wurde ein laborüblicher Sambay-Dünn- schichtverdampfer benutzt. Die Rotorblätter waren beweglich mit dem Rotor verbunden und wurden beim Betrieb durch Fliehkraftwir¬ kung an die Wand gedrückt. Der Apparat bestand aus einem von au- ßen beheizten Glasrohr mit konzentrisch angeordnetem Rotor. Der Rotor war mit fördernden Elementen so bestückt, daß ein ca. 0,1 bis 0,2 mm breiter Spalt entstand. Der Rotor wurde mit einer Drehzahl von 500 bis 1.000 Umdrehungen/min betrieben.A Sambay thin film evaporator customary in the laboratory was used as the polycondensation reactor. The rotor blades were movably connected to the rotor and were pressed against the wall by centrifugal force during operation. The apparatus consisted of an externally heated glass tube with a concentrically arranged rotor. The rotor was equipped with conveying elements so that an approximately 0.1 to 0.2 mm wide gap was created. The rotor was operated at a speed of 500 to 1,000 revolutions / min.
Die oben beschriebenen Vorkondensate wurden durch eine auf 120 bis 130°C beheizte Leitung in den Reaktoreingang dosiert. Der In¬ nendruck im Reaktor lag während der Polykondensation bei
500 mbar. Die Verweilzeiten in der Polykondensationszone des Re¬ aktors betrugen 1 bis 4 min. Die Temperatur, bei der die Polykon¬ densation durchgeführt wurde, ist in Tabelle 1 jeweils als Reak¬ tortemperatur angegeben. Das bei der Reaktion entstandene Wasser wurde über den Reaktorkopf in einen nachgeschalteten Kühler ge¬ leitet und dort kondensiert. Die in den Beispielen erhaltenen Po¬ lyasparaginsäureimide wurden durch Waschen mit Wasser phosphor¬ säurefrei gewaschen, getrocknet und analysiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 angegeben.The precondensates described above were metered into the reactor inlet through a line heated to 120 to 130 ° C. The internal pressure in the reactor was during the polycondensation 500 mbar. The residence times in the polycondensation zone of the reactor were 1 to 4 minutes. The temperature at which the polycondensation was carried out is given in Table 1 as the reactor temperature. The water formed in the reaction was passed through the reactor head into a downstream cooler and condensed there. The polyaspartimides obtained in the examples were washed free of phosphoric acid by washing with water, dried and analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.
Tabelle 1Table 1
Beispiel 1 2 3 4 5Example 1 2 3 4 5
Molverhältnis von 1:2,5 1:2,5 1:1,5 1:1,5 1:1,5 Asparaginsäure/ Phosphorsäure [%]Molar ratio of 1: 2.5 1: 2.5 1: 1.5 1: 1.5 1: 1.5 aspartic acid / phosphoric acid [%]
Konzentration von 28 28 40 40 40 Polyasparaginsäurei¬ mid in Phosphorsäure [%]Concentration of 28 28 40 40 40 polyaspartic acid in phosphoric acid [%]
Durchsatz [kg/h] 0,40 0,22 0,22 0,12 0,07Throughput [kg / h] 0.40 0.22 0.22 0.12 0.07
Reaktortemperatur 220 220 200 200 210 [°C]Reactor temperature 220 220 200 200 210 [° C]
Druck [mbar] 500 500 500 . 500 500Pressure [mbar] 500 500 500. 500 500
Drehzahl [1/min] 1000 650 650 750 780Speed [rpm] 1000 650 650 750 780
K-Wert des Polyaspa- 15,4 18,6 19,5 20,3 21,4 raginsäureimidsK value of polyaspa- 15.4 18.6 19.5 20.3 21.4 raginimide
Beispiele 6 und 7Examples 6 and 7
Herstellung der VorkondensateProduction of the pre-condensates
In einem 1000 1 fassenden Rührkessel wurde Asparaginsäure in den in Tabelle 2 angegebenen Verhältnissen jeweils mit 75 %iger Phosphorsäure bei einer Temperatur von 100 bis 120°C gemischt. Die Mischung wurde anschließend unter einem Druck von 100 mbar und einer Temperatur in dem Bereich von 100 bis 120°C durch Abdestil- lieren von Wasser innerhalb von 2 Stunden weitgehend entwässert. Dabei wurde nur soviel Wasser entfernt, wie durch die Phosphor¬ säure in das System eingebracht wurde. Am Ende der Destillation betrug die Temperatur der Reaktionsmischung 120°C. Durch Verdünnen einer Probe des Vorkondensats wurde der Gehalt an niedrigmoleku- larem Polykondensat bestimmt. Er betrug in beiden Fällen etwa 5 %. Die Vorkondensate sind bei Temperaturen von 100 bis 120°C
noch gut fließfähig und können mit handelsüblichen Pumpen gut durch beheizte Leitungen gefördert werden.In a 1000 l stirred kettle, aspartic acid was mixed in the proportions given in Table 2 with 75% phosphoric acid at a temperature of 100 to 120 ° C. The mixture was then largely dewatered under a pressure of 100 mbar and a temperature in the range from 100 to 120 ° C. by distilling off water within 2 hours. Only as much water was removed as was introduced into the system by the phosphoric acid. At the end of the distillation, the temperature of the reaction mixture was 120 ° C. The content of low molecular weight polycondensate was determined by diluting a sample of the precondensate. It was about 5% in both cases. The precondensates are at temperatures from 100 to 120 ° C still flowable and can be easily pumped through heated pipes using commercially available pumps.
PolykondensationPolycondensation
Als Polykondensationsreaktor wurde ein Filmtruder benutzt. Die Rotorblätter waren starr mit dem Rotor verbunden. Es wurden je¬ weils fördernde und verteilende Rotorelemente verwendet. Der Ap¬ parat bestand aus einem von außen beheizten zylinderförmigen Ver- fahrensteil mit konzentrisch angeordnetem Rotor. Der Rotor war so mit fördernden und verstreichenden Elementen bestückt, daß ein ca. 0,5 bis 2 mm breiter Spalt entstand. Der Rotor wurde mit ei¬ ner Drehzahl von 100 bis 300 Umdrehungen/min betrieben.A film truder was used as the polycondensation reactor. The rotor blades were rigidly connected to the rotor. Conveying and distributing rotor elements were used in each case. The apparatus consisted of an externally heated cylindrical process part with a concentrically arranged rotor. The rotor was equipped with conveying and spreading elements so that an approx. 0.5 to 2 mm wide gap was created. The rotor was operated at a speed of 100 to 300 revolutions / min.
Die in Tabelle 2 angegebenen Vorkondensate wurden dann jeweils durch eine auf 120 bis 130°C beheizte Leitung in den Reaktorein¬ gang dosiert. Der Reaktor wurde unter einem Innendruck von 50 bis 150 mbar betrieben und hatte die in Tabelle 2 angegebene Tempera¬ tur. Die Verweilzeiten der Reaktionsmischung in der aktiven Zone des Reaktors betrugen 1 bis 6 min. Das bei der Reaktion entste¬ hende Reaktionswasser wurde jeweils über den Reaktorkopf in einen nachgeschalteten Kühler geleitet und dort kondensiert. Die Poly- kondensate wurden durch Waschen mit Wasser phosphorsäurefrei ge¬ waschen, getrocknet und analysiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in Ta- belle 2 angegeben.The precondensates listed in Table 2 were then metered into the reactor inlet through a line heated to 120 to 130 ° C. The reactor was operated under an internal pressure of 50 to 150 mbar and had the temperature given in Table 2. The residence times of the reaction mixture in the active zone of the reactor were 1 to 6 minutes. The water of reaction formed during the reaction was passed via the reactor head into a downstream cooler and condensed there. The polycondensates were washed free of phosphoric acid by washing with water, dried and analyzed. The results are shown in Table 2.
Tabelle 2Table 2
Beispiel 6 7Example 6 7
Molverhältnis von Asparaginsäure/ 1:1,5 1:1,25 Phosphorsäure [mol/mol]Molar ratio of aspartic acid / 1: 1.5 1: 1.25 phosphoric acid [mol / mol]
Konzentration von Polyasparaginsäu¬ 40 44 reimid in Phosphorsäure [l]Concentration of polyaspartic acid 40 44 reimide in phosphoric acid [ l ]
Durchsatz [kg/h] 40 60Flow [kg / h] 40 60
Reaktortemperatur pC] 240 240Reactor temperature pC] 240 240
Druck [mbar] 50 150Pressure [mbar] 50 150
Drehzahl [1/min] 250 200Speed [rpm] 250 200
K-Wert des Polyasparaginsäureimids 27,4 26,2
K value of the polyaspartimide 27.4 26.2
Claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyasparaginsäureimiden durch Polykondensation von Asparaginsäure in Phosphorsäure, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man1. A process for the preparation of polyaspartimides by polycondensation of aspartic acid in phosphoric acid, characterized in that
(a) eine Mischung aus Asparaginsäure und Phosphorsäure im Molverhältnis 1 : 0,8 bis 1 : 3 bei 80 bis 150°C zu ei- nem Vorkondensat kondensiert, das unter den Reaktionsbe¬ dingungen flüssig ist, und(a) a mixture of aspartic acid and phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of 1: 0.8 to 1: 3 is condensed at 80 to 150 ° C. to form a precondensate which is liquid under the reaction conditions, and
(b) das Vorkondensat anschließend in einer Schichtdicke von 0,1 bis 10 mm bei Temperaturen von 180 bis 250°C unter Scherung polykondensiert.(b) the precondensate is then polycondensed in a layer thickness of 0.1 to 10 mm at temperatures of 180 to 250 ° C. under shear.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one
(a) eine Mischung aus Asparaginsäure und Phosphorsäure im Molverhältnis 1 : 1,1 bis 1 : 2 einsetzt.(a) a mixture of aspartic acid and phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of 1: 1.1 to 1: 2 is used.
3. Verfahren.nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Viskosität des Vorkondensats bei 80 bis 150°C höchstens 20 000 mPas beträgt.3. Verfahren.nach claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the viscosity of the precondensate at 80 to 150 ° C is at most 20,000 mPas.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Viskosität des Vorkondensats bei 80 bis 150°C höchstens 10 000 mPas beträgt.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the viscosity of the precondensate at 80 to 150 ° C is at most 10,000 mPas.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Scherung im Verfahrensschritt (b) unter ei¬ nem Schergefälle von 50 bis 500 1/s erfolgt. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the shear in step (b) takes place under egg nem shear rate of 50 to 500 1 / s.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE4420642A DE4420642A1 (en) | 1994-06-14 | 1994-06-14 | Process for the preparation of polyaspartic acid imides |
DEP4420642.9 | 1994-06-14 |
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WO1995034596A1 true WO1995034596A1 (en) | 1995-12-21 |
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WO (1) | WO1995034596A1 (en) |
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DE19822600C2 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2003-08-21 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Copolymers, hydrophobically modified polyaspartic esters with increased molecular mass |
DE19822603A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Pigment pastes containing hydrophobically modified polyaspartic acid derivatives |
DE19822604A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Condensation products containing polyether-modified monoesters and / or amides of alpha, beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, their preparation and use |
Citations (2)
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DD262665A1 (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1988-12-07 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYASPARTIMID |
GB2246786A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-02-12 | Roehm Gmbh | Preparation of polysuccinimide |
-
1994
- 1994-06-14 DE DE4420642A patent/DE4420642A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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1995
- 1995-05-30 WO PCT/EP1995/002045 patent/WO1995034596A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DD262665A1 (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1988-12-07 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYASPARTIMID |
GB2246786A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-02-12 | Roehm Gmbh | Preparation of polysuccinimide |
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