WO1995033210A1

WO1995033210A1 - Electrical energy meter

Info

Publication number: WO1995033210A1
Application number: PCT/CN1995/000046
Authority: WO
Inventors: Min Li
Original assignee: Min Li
Priority date: 1994-05-26
Filing date: 1995-05-26
Publication date: 1995-12-07
Also published as: AU2521195A

Abstract

An electrical energy meter comprises a voltage sensor, a current sensor, electrical energy operating means, a display and a source. Therein said electrical energy operating means includes a voltage pulse modulator, a current pulse modulator, which perform full-wave modulation to the analog signals output from the voltage sensor and current sensor, a multiplier and an integrator. A number of said multipliers can commonly use an output signal of a voltage pulse modulator, and a number of current pulse modulators can use a triangular wave generator.

Description

Electric energy metering device

Technical field

The present invention relates to an electric energy metering device; more specifically, the present invention relates to a single-user or multi-user electric energy metering device that uses a pulse electric energy computing device to measure electric energy consumed by a user.

Background technique

The electric energy calculation of the conventional single-user electric energy metering device generally uses an analog multiplier or a digital multiplier. These two kinds of electric energy metering devices have many disadvantages.

DT2926979 describes an energy metering device that uses PWM multiplication. The voltage signal is modulated to a high and low level duration (hereinafter referred to as the duration). The difference is proportional to the magnitude of the voltage signal and the current signal. That is, the PWM pulse signal, the current signal is an analog signal, and the product is still an analog signal, which requires a V / F converter to convert to a pulse. The disadvantage is that it contains many analog devices and is easily affected by power, temperature, and the environment. Its operation accuracy depends on Due to factors such as device quality, process, and debugging, the stability and reproducibility are poor, which is not conducive to integration and automation.

The electrical energy computing device described in EP0434248 uses SEGMA- DELTA pulses (also essentially PWM pulses) to multiply with multi-bit digital signals, requiring high-precision digital

A / D, the result is a multi-bit digital signal, and a subsequent wide-bit arithmetic device is required, which is expensive. The electrical energy computing device described in EP0308924, whose voltage signals and current signals are pulse-width modulated and directly operated on digital devices. The disadvantage is that the pulse modulation method is half-wave modulation, and only the half-cycle signals are made during the entire cycle. Modulation, the other half of the period is used as the offset (see Figure 3A, 3B and its description for details), the efficiency is low, the intermediate offset causes the result to introduce a larger fundamental frequency ripple, which is not conducive to accurate and fast measurement For calculation, a large integral capacity is required to filter out the influence of the fundamental frequency. The sensitivity to the start threshold is not high, the accuracy is low, and it is difficult to accurately calculate the two-way product and its integral.

The conventional multi-user energy metering device is a simple combination of single-user energy metering devices, and is commonly installed in a box. There are magnetic couplings between multiple magnetoelectric energy metering devices, which will cause crosstalk. At the same time, there are many consumables, heavy costs, difficult installation, and heavy meter reading tasks;

WO94 / 03818 and GB2157448 describe a class of digital A / D-based electrical energy measurement devices that simultaneously sample, hold, convert, and calculate pairs of current and voltage signals, and provide communication and management capabilities through MPU. The disadvantages are high accuracy and high speed. A / D and PU are expensive. In addition, most of the current energy meters only accumulate active power, excluding reactive power. However, the presence of reactive power increases line loss and installation capacity, increases power consumption and cost, and the impact of low power factors of some users is affected by all users. Share.

Current polyphase watt-hour meters use bulky and bulky current transformers for isolation, which is costly and requires magnetic isolation.

Summary of the Invention

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a single-user energy metering device, which uses The pulse electric energy computing device realizes unidirectional / bidirectional high-precision electric energy calculation on digital devices by pulsing 4! Voltage signal and current signal.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-user electric energy metering device, wherein a plurality of pulse computing devices used by the electric energy metering device share one voltage pulse width modulation.

(PWM) signal or pulse frequency modulation (PFM) signal, and the module can be used to minimize cost and energy consumption, reduce volume and weight, and facilitate installation and maintenance.

For the above purpose, a single-phase single-user energy metering device of the present invention includes: a voltage sensor for converting a load voltage into a corresponding voltage signal, and a current sensor for converting a load current into a corresponding voltage. Current signal, an electrical energy calculator, used to multiply and integrate the voltage signal and the current signal to produce a pulse or digital result proportional to the electrical energy corresponding to the load voltage and load current. A microprocessor (MPU) is used to collect and process , Store and display the electric energy pulse or / and electric digital result, and provide digital adjustment, electronic meter reading, remote measurement and remote control, automatic billing and charging and other management and communication capabilities, a display connected to the MPU for displaying electric energy Value, a power supply device that supplies power to each component and provides backup power for data retention during power failure;

The electrical energy computing device includes a voltage pulse modulator for modulating the voltage analog signal into the PWM pulse signal or the PFM pulse signal for full-wave modulation, and a current pulse modulator for converting the current analog signal. The PWM pulse signal or the PFM pulse signal modulated into full-wave modulation is multiplied for the two pulses The signals are multiplied and a pulse signal proportional to the load voltage and the load current is generated. An integrator is used to accumulate the product in one or two-way integration, and is combined with a microprocessor.

(MPU) to provide them with power pulses or / and power digital results.

A multi-phase single-user energy metering device of the present invention can use multiple of the single-phase single-user energy metering devices as a single-phase module for each phase, and the pulse output end of the integrator is connected to the main microprocessor through photoelectric isolation. And exchange data, the main microprocessor is used to collect, process, store, display, query the power data provided by the single-phase multi-user power metering module, and provide multi-phase user data reorganization, digital adjustment, electronic meter reading, remote measurement and remote control , Automatic charging and other management and communication capabilities, a display connected to the MPU, used to display the power value, a power supply device, to provide power to each component, and provide backup power for data storage during power failure; each module The microprocessor, display and backup power supply can be omitted, or the microprocessor of one phase module is used as the main processor, and the other is an accessory module.

A single-phase multi-user electric energy metering device of the present invention includes a voltage sensor for converting 4 load voltages into corresponding voltage signals. If a thousand current sensors are used, 4 if thousands of corresponding load currents are converted into corresponding voltages. Current signal, a number of electrical energy calculators, used to multiply and integrate the voltage signal and the corresponding current signal to produce a pulse or digital result proportional to the load voltage and the corresponding load current. A micro-processing H: (MPU), It is used to collect, process, store, display and query the number of electrical energy pulses and / or electrical energy digital results, and provide digital adjustment, electronic meter reading, remote measurement and remote control, automatic metering. Charges and other management and communication capabilities, a display connected to the MPU, used to display the power value, a keyboard connected to the MPU, used to query the power value, a power supply device, which supplies power to various components, and provides backup power. Saving of data during power-down; wherein a plurality of pulse operation devices used by the power metering device share a voltage pulse width modulation (PWM) signal or a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) signal.

A multi-phase multi-user power metering device of the present invention can use a plurality of the single-phase multi-user power metering devices as a multi-user module for each phase, and is connected to a main microprocessor through a serial communication port and a photoelectric isolator. And exchange data, the main microprocessor is used to collect, process, store, display, query the power data provided by the single-phase multi-user power metering module, and provide multi-phase user data reorganization, digital adjustment, electronic meter reading, remote measurement and remote control , Automatic billing and charging and other management and communication capabilities, a display connected to the MPU for displaying the power value, a keyboard connected to the MPU for querying the power value, a power supply device to supply power to each component, and provide backup Power supply for saving data during power failure; monitor, keyboard and backup power on each module can be omitted.

The principle and structure of the device according to the present invention will become clearer with reference to the following description of the drawings and embodiments of the present invention.

Overview of the drawings

Figure 1 is a block diagram of a single-phase single-user energy metering device circuit;

Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a power calculator using dual PWM pulse modulators; Figure 3 is a power calculator using a PWM pulse modulator and a PFM pulse modulator Circuit diagram

FIG. 4 is a circuit structure diagram of a bidirectional power calculator;

Figure 5 is a block diagram of the circuit structure of a multi-phase single-user energy metering device;

FIG. 6 is a circuit structure diagram of a single-phase multi-user energy measurement device;

Figure 7 is a block diagram of a multi-phase multi-user circuit;

8a-8g are partial waveform diagrams of an electric energy measuring device;

Best Mode of the Invention

The following further describes with reference to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a block diagram of a single-phase single-user power metering device circuit; the figure shows a single-phase single-user power metering device of the present invention, including: a voltage confusion H: 1 for the load voltage conversion to the corresponding Voltage signal, a current sensor 2 for converting a load current into a current signal represented by a corresponding voltage, and an energy calculator 7 for multiplying and integrating a voltage signal and a current signal to generate a voltage proportional to the load voltage and the load current Pulse or digital result of corresponding electric energy, a microprocessor 8 (MPU) with a serial communication port and a display 9 connected to the microprocessor 8 (MPU) for collecting, processing, storing and displaying the electric energy pulse or / and digital result of electric energy , And provide digital adjustment, electronic meter reading, remote measurement and remote control, automatic billing and charging and other management, communication capabilities, a power supply device 10, to provide power to various components, and provide backup power for data retention during power failure;

The electric energy computing device therein includes a voltage pulse modulator 3 for modulating the voltage analog signal into the PWM pulse signal or the PFM pulse of full-wave modulation. Signal, current pulse modulator 4 for the PWM pulse signal or the PFM pulse signal modulated by the current analog signal to full-wave modulation, and a multiplier 5 for multiplying the two pulse signals and generating a A pulse signal proportional to the load voltage and the load current corresponding energy, the integrator 6 is used to accumulate the product of one-way or two-way energy integration, and is connected to a microprocessor (MPU) to provide it with an energy pulse or / And power digital results.

The electrical energy calculator shown in FIG. 1 is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 2. The electric energy calculator 7 shown in FIG. 2 includes two PWM modulators 13 and 14, which respectively receive a voltage signal and a current signal from a voltage sensor, and 4! It is converted into a factor related to the magnitude of the voltage signal and the current signal. The said PWM pulse signal; a multiplier 15 formed by an "exclusive OR gate", whose two input ends are used to receive the PWM pulse signals from the two PWM modulators respectively, and generate a voltage corresponding to the load voltage and load. The PWM pulse signal related to the product of the current; an integrator 19 composed of a signal converter 16 and two counters 17 and 18; the signal converter receives the PWM pulse signal output from the multiplier, and ^ It is converted into a PFM signal of an appropriate format and output to the inputs of two counters 17 and 18, respectively. The counters 17 and 18 accumulate the two-level duration of the PWM pulse signal, respectively, and the result is transmitted through the bus BUS or pulse connected to the MPU. The output is sent to the MPU, and the difference between the two levels is calculated by the MPU to obtain the active energy value.

The following describes the working principle of the energy calculator shown in Figure 2: Two PWM modulators The two input signals Eu and modulation are respectively generated to generate the two PWM pulse signals Pu and Pi. The two pairs of level durations Pu +, Pu_ and Eu, Pi +, and Pi- and Ei are:

Eu = Ku * (Pu + — Pu_) / (Pu + + Pu_):

H = KiX (Pi + -Pi-) / (Pi +-Pi-):

Ku and Ki are proportional martingale numbers;

The two PWM pulse signals are input to the multiplier 15 formed by an exclusive-OR gate to generate one pulse output Pp, Pp +, and Pp- is the two-level duration of the Pp pulse, where: Pp ₊ = Pu + * Pi + + Pu- * Pi-,

Pp- = Pu + * Pi- + Pu + * Pi-,

and so

Ep = Kp * (Pp + -Pp-) / (Pp ++ Pp-):

= Kp * [(Pu + — Pu—) / (Pu ₊ + Pu―)] * C (Pi + -Pi-) / (Pi + + i―)]

= Eu * Ei * Kp / Ku / Ki

Replacement page (Article 26) Where Ep and Kp are the signal magnitude and the proportional unit corresponding to the pulse Pp. The above formula indicates that the magnitude represented by the PWM pulse signal output by the XOR gate is proportional to the magnitude represented by the two input PWM pulse signals. Product of values.

It is worth noting that the effect of the carrier frequency of the PWM pulse is not considered in the above inference. Computer verification shows that when a comparator and a triangle wave generator are used as the PWM modulator, the comparator compares the input signal with the high frequency generated by the triangle wave generator. The triangle wave generates the PWM wave related to the input signal. The frequency of the two triangle waves cannot be equal; otherwise, the above-mentioned display product cannot be obtained, and the two triangle waves should not be multiplied by each other. Otherwise, a large beat is generated. Interference, the appropriate value is the ratio of two frequencies of 3/11, 7/17 ... and other prime prime fractions.

FIG. 3 is a circuit structure diagram of a power calculator using a PWM pulse modulator and a PFM pulse modulator; the power calculator includes a PWM modulator 19 for receiving a voltage signal from the voltage sensor 1 described in FIG. 1 and a current sensor One of the two current signals is converted into a corresponding P WM pulse signal; the PFM modulator 20 receives the remaining analog signal and converts it into a corresponding PFM pulse signal, where the PFM pulse signal includes A direction signal indicating the positive / negative direction of the input signal and a pulse frequency signal whose pulse density is proportional to the size of the input analog signal; a multiplier 21 composed of an exclusive OR gate is used to receive the direction signal from the PFM pulse modulator 20 and the PWM signal from the PWM PWM pulse signal of modulator 19 Multiply to generate a new direction signal, which together with the pulse frequency signal from the PFM modulator 20 constitutes a new PFM pulse signal that is proportional to the product of the voltage signal and the current signal; the integrator 22 may be composed of a bidirectional reversible count, After receiving the PFM pulse signal output from the multiplier, a bidirectional reversible counter accumulates the pulse value difference in two directions of the PFM pulse signal, and the result is sent to the MPU through the bus BUS or / and the pulse output terminal connected to the MPU, MPU The effect is the same as that of the MPU described in FIG.

Of course, it is not difficult for a person skilled in the art to convert the PFM pulse signal described in this figure into two pulse frequency signals, so the dual unidirectional counter described in FIG. 2 can also be used to replace the integrator formed by the specific direction reversible counter in this figure. The processing function of the MPU is the same as that described in FIG. 2 and will not be described in detail. Conversely, it is not difficult to adapt the integrator in this figure slightly to replace the integrator in Fig. 2.

Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional electrical energy calculator; the electrical energy calculator includes a

The PWM modulator 23 is configured to receive an analog signal from the voltage signal from the voltage sensor 1 and the current signal from the current sensor 2 described in FIG. 1 and convert it into a corresponding PWM pulse signal; a PFM modulator 24 accepts the remaining analog signal and converts it into the corresponding PFM pulse signal, where the PFM pulse signal includes two pulse frequency signals that are proportional to the signal size in both directions; AND gates 27, 28,

A multiplier 25 consisting of 29, 30, OR gate 30, 31 and NOT gate 26, said PWM modulator

The PWM pulse signal from 23 is connected to each input terminal of AND gates 27 and 30 and NOT gate 26 Input input, the inverting PWM pulse signal output from it is connected to each of the AND gates 28 and 29, and one of the two pulse frequency signals from the PFM pulse modulator 24 'is connected to the AND gates 27 and 29. The other input of the pulse frequency signal is connected to the remaining input terminals of the AND gates 28 and 30. The output terminals of the AND gates 27 and 28 are connected to the two input terminals of the OR gate 31 and the output terminals of the AND gates 29 and 30 respectively. Connected to the two inputs of the OR gate 32, the two OR gates 31, 32 generate a new PFM pulse signal, which is represented by the two pulse frequencies and is proportional to the product of the voltage signal and the current signal; the integrator includes a power direction controller 33 and a positive power counter 42, a zero-crossing counter 43, and a negative power counter 44. The power direction controller 33 receives a PFM pulse signal from the multiplier 25, and filters out high-frequency interference due to modulation to detect the power direction. And control the pulse frequency signals in two directions to be switched to the positive energy counter 42 and the negative energy counter 44 respectively, and simultaneously output a zero-energy pulse signal to the zero-crossing counter 43, the positive energy counter 42 and the negative energy counter 44 and Zero crossing The counter 43 is sent to the MPU through the bus BUS or / and the pulse output terminal connected to the MPU. The MPU calculates and corrects the positive and negative energy values, multiplies the half value of the corresponding filtering capacity of the energy direction controller by a zero-crossing value, and adds them respectively. To the positive and negative energy values to reduce the error caused by positive and negative hedges at zero crossing; for the effective energy value, subtract the positive and negative energy through the MPU to obtain the effective energy value, which can be ignored at this time. Zero-crossing counter; other functions or functions of MPU are similar to MPU described in Figure 1;

Those skilled in the art can easily compare the pulse modulator described in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 with The corresponding multipliers 16 and 19 are slightly changed to replace the modulator and the multiplier 25 of this example, and cooperate with the bidirectional power integrator to form another bidirectional power calculator.

The power direction controller includes two AND gates 34 and 37, two OR gates 35 and 36, a bidirectional reversible counter 38 and an RS flip-flop 41 composed of NOR gates 39 and 40, and an AND gate 34 and an OR gate. Each of the input terminals 35 receives the pulse frequency signal output from the OR gate 31 of the multiplier 25, and the remaining input terminals collectively accept the carry output terminals from the bidirectional reversible count ^ 38. The output terminal of the AND gate 34 is connected to the positive direction. The input terminal of the energy counter or the output terminal of the OR gate 35 is connected to the forward counting input terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter. Each of the input terminals of the AND gate 37 and the OR gate 36 jointly receives the pulse frequency signal output from the OR gate 32 of the multiplication 25. The remaining input terminals collectively accept the borrow output from the bidirectional reversible counter 38, the output of the AND gate 37 is connected to the input of the negative energy counter 44, or the output of the OR gate 36 is connected to the negative counting input of the bidirectional reversible counter. The function of the AND gate 34 and the OR gate 35 is to switch the pulse frequency signal input from the OR gate 31 of the multiplier 25 to the two-way reversible counter 3 when the two-way reversible counter 38 has no carry signal. The forward counting input terminal of 8 is used for forward counting. When a carry signal appears, the forward input signal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38 is switched to the input terminal of the forward energy counter 42 and the forward counting value no longer increases;

The function of the AND gate 37 and the OR gate 36 is to switch the pulse frequency signal input from the OR gate 32 of the multiplier 25 to the positive counting input terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38 when the bidirectional reversible counter 38 has no borrow signal. Count, when a borrow signal appears, double The negative input signal of the reversible counter 38 is switched to the input terminal of the negative energy counter ^ 44, and the negative count value no longer increases; the two input terminals of the RS flip-flop 41 formed by two NOR gates 3940 are connected respectively. To the carry and borrow output terminals of the bidirectional reversible counter, one output terminal of which is connected to the zero-crossing counter;

The difference between the carry value and the borrow value of the bidirectional reversible meter 38 in the power direction controller 33 determines the sensitivity of the power direction detection. The larger the difference, the greater the power value in the smallest detectable direction. However, pulse modulation has unavoidable pulse high-frequency disturbance and fundamental frequency leakage, as shown in Figure 8e, f. When the difference is less than the disturbance, the disturbance will generate false zero-crossing detection, which also reduces its sensitivity. For this reason, the difference should be appropriate. Alternative; but when there is large interference, as shown in Figure 8f, the fundamental frequency disturbance cannot be eliminated.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a three-phase single-user electric energy metering device; the electric energy metering device includes three modules 45, 46, and 47 of the electric energy calculator 7 described in FIG. 1 for independent measurement and calculation of each phase line The electric energy pulses generated by the two modes of 45 and 46 are connected to MPU7 through opto-isolators 48 and 49. Module 47 is directly connected to PU7 and supplies power to MPU7 and its surrounding systems. The power of the module is combined into a power value, and other functions are the same as those of MPU7 described in FIG. 2.

The electric energy calculator can adopt the electric energy calculator described in and derived from FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 or FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a multi-user electric energy metering device according to the present invention. The electric energy metering device is used for a single-phase load, and includes a voltage sensor formed by a resistor divider for converting a load voltage into A voltage signal of a lower voltage value proportional to it, a current obfuscator formed by a resistor (1, 2, 3, 4) and an operational amplifier, used for 4 load current conversion into a voltage proportional to it The current signal shown is a triangle wave generator for generating a triangle wave signal. The triangle wave signal is distributed to a plurality of single-user bidirectional energy calculators described in FIG. The triangle wave signal from the triangle wave generator and the current signal from the current sensor are compared, and the current PWM pulse corresponding to the load current described in FIG. 2 is output; the voltage PFM modulator receives the voltage signal from the voltage sensor and generates two respectively proportional Pulse frequency signals with signal magnitudes in both directions. The two pulse frequency signals are distributed to multiple multiplications in a single-user bidirectional energy calculator shown in FIG. 4. The multiplier accepts two pulse frequency signals from a voltage PFM modulator and a current PWM signal from a current PWM modulator, and outputs a PFM signal proportional to the load current and voltage product to the direction control of the electrical energy ^, the output product Filter and output positive energy pulse signal to positive energy counter and negative pulse signal to negative energy count ^, and zero-crossing pulse to zero-crossing counter, each counter counts the energy value and zero-crossing value in two directions respectively, and passes The bus provides power data to the MPU; the MPU accepts the power data of the two-way power calculators, and the MPU is also connected to the display and keyboard, exchanges data with other electronic devices through the serial communication port, and calibrates the zero and gain.

-1 ^- It calculates and outputs the energy value of the user, provides the persuasive energy shown in Figure 1, and responds to the keyboard query to display the inquired information; includes a power supply to supply power to each component and provides backup power for use during power failure Data saved.

The multipliers, power direction controllers, positive and negative energy counters, zero-crossing counters, and MPUs of multiple bidirectional energy calculators can be integrated into the circuit.

The electric energy calculator can also be other pulse electric energy calculators, such as the existing voltage PWM modulation signal multiplied by the current analog signal and used as a V / F conversion electric energy calculator. When this calculation is used, the original voltage PFM The modulator is changed to a voltage PWM modulator, and the voltage PWM signal is distributed to multiple multipliers. The multiplier receives the voltage PWM signal and the corresponding analog voltage signal, and generates an analog signal proportional to the load current and the load current product, which is converted by the V / F converter. It is an electric energy pulse, which is connected to the MPU and its surrounding systems. The MPU and its surrounding systems are the same as above, and will not be described again.

The energy calculator can also be another PWM XPWM bidirectional energy calculator shown in Figure 4. When using this calculator, you only need to change the original voltage PFM modulator to a voltage PWM modulator, and each original energy calculator will be changed accordingly. The PWM XPWM energy calculator is sufficient.

Of course, it may also be that the electric energy calculator described in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 or EP0308924 is not difficult to replace the corresponding voltage pulse modulator, the corresponding current pulse modulator, and the corresponding electric energy calculator with corresponding positions by referring to the above-mentioned energy metering device. It is a single-phase multi-user energy metering device based on unidirectional energy metering.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a circuit structure of a multi-phase multi-user electric energy metering device. Figure includes multiple The single-phase multi-user energy metering device shown in m 6 is a multi-user module for each phase. The MPU serial communication ports on these modules are optically isolated and connected to the serial bus of the main MPU. The main MPU functions are as shown in Figure 6. In addition to the functions shown, it also includes the function of combining multiple in-phase single-user power data into one multi-phase single-user power data. The power of the main MPU can be an independent power source or the MPU shown in Figure 5 can be taken from one of the phase modules. The module can be directly connected to the optical isolator between the module and the main MPU.

The display and backup power on the A and B modules can be omitted.

Industrial applicability

The electric energy metering device of the present invention pulse-modulates voltage and current analog signals, and uses pulse electric energy calculators to perform electric energy calculations on digital devices to directly generate digital information without the need for high-precision A / D and high-speed MPU to achieve high precision. For data calculation, in particular, each digital device can be integrated with the MPU in the same digital integrated block, which has high stability, high reliability, and cheaper.

The invention has a high-precision bidirectional energy metering device, which further suppresses the current low power factor of each power consumption unit without providing a management basis for compensation. It can encourage users to increase the power factor, ensure the power quality of the power grid, and improve the overall efficiency of the power grid.

Another great advantage of the present invention is the collective structure. By sharing the voltage pulse signal, the consumables and costs are reduced, and the stability is improved. In the preferred embodiment, each current modulator also shares a triangular wave, and each electrical energy calculation ^ digital components can be integrated into On an integrated circuit, the users of each phase are based on single-phase multi-users and independently supply power, so that the current sensor can use resistors, and the electrical energy data is concentrated through the MPU of each phase user group. The main MPU exchanges data to further improve security reliability and reduce costs.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention are not limit the scope of the present invention, professionals skilled in the art can. Understand the various modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention ₀ '

Claims

Rights request

1 A single-user energy metering device comprising: if a thousand voltage transmitters are used to convert a load voltage into a corresponding voltage signal; if a thousand current sensors are used to convert a load current into a current represented by a corresponding voltage Signal, a number of electrical energy calculators, for multiplying and integrating the voltage signal and the current signal to produce a pulse or digital result proportional to the electrical energy corresponding to the load voltage and load current, a microprocessor (MPU) for Collect, process, store and display the electric energy pulses and / or electric energy digital results, and provide digital adjustment, electronic meter reading, remote measurement and remote control, automatic billing and charging, and other management and communication capabilities, a display adjacent to the MPU, A power supply device for displaying electric energy values, supplying power to various components, and providing backup power for data storage during power failure; characterized in that the electric energy calculator includes a voltage pulse modulator for The voltage analog signal output by the voltage sensor is modulated into a full-wave modulated pulse signal; and a current pulse modulator is further included, for The current analog signal output by the flow sensor is modulated into a full-wave modulated pulse signal; a multiplier is used to multiply the two pulse signals and generate a pulse signal proportional to the electrical energy corresponding to the load voltage and load current; the integrator uses Integration of electric energy to accumulate electric energy pulse signals output by the multiplier, and is connected to a microprocessor (MPU) to provide electric energy pulses or / and electric energy digital results to the microprocessor. 2. The electric energy measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage pulse modulator is a PWM modulator, and the current pulse modulator is an exclusive OR gate for a PWM modulation multiplier.

3. The electric energy metering device according to claim 1, wherein the current pulse modulator is a PWM modulator, and one of the current pulse modulator and the voltage pulse modulator is a PWM modulator. The other is an output. A direction signal indicating the direction of the input signal and a PFM modulator having a pulse signal whose frequency is proportional to the absolute value of the input signal. The multiplier is an XOR gate, and its input terminal receives the PWM signal from the PWM modulator and A direction signal of the PFM modulator outputs a new direction signal, and a pulse frequency signal from the PFM modulator constitutes the PFM output signal.

4. The electric energy metering device according to claim 1, wherein one of the current pulse modulator and the voltage pulse modulator is a PWM modulator, and the other is that the two output frequencies are respectively proportional to the positive and negative input signals. The multiplication of the pulse frequency signal in the direction is: The PWM pulse signal from the PWM modulator 23 is connected to one input terminal of each of the AND gates 27 and 30 and the input input terminal of the NOT gate 26. The phase PWM pulse signal is connected to one input of each of the AND gates 28 and 29. One of the two pulse frequency signals from the PFM pulse modulator 24 is connected to the remaining input terminals of the AND gates 27 and 29, and the other pulse frequency signal is connected. To the remaining inputs of AND gates 28 and 30, the outputs of AND gates 27 and 29 are respectively connected to the two inputs of OR gate 31, and the outputs of AND gates 29 and 30 are respectively connected to OR The two input terminals of the gate 32 and the two OR gates 31 and 32 generate a new PFM pulse signal which is represented by two pulse frequencies and is proportional to the product of the voltage signal and the current signal;

5. The electric energy measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the integral ^ is a unidirectional integrator of electric energy composed of a bidirectional reversible counter.

6. The electric energy metering device according to claim 1, wherein the integrator is a unidirectional electric energy integrator composed of two unidirectional counts.

7. The electric energy measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the integrator is a bidirectional electric integrator composed of an electric energy direction controller and three counters.

8. The electric energy metering device according to claim 7, wherein the electric energy direction control device comprises: two AND gates 34, 37, two OR gates 35, 36, a bidirectional reversible counter 38, and a NOR gate. The RS flip-flop 41 composed of 39 and 40 receives the pulse frequency signal from the OR gate 31 of the multiplier 25 and an input terminal of the AND gate 34 and the OR gate 35 together, and the remaining input terminals collectively accept a carry from the bidirectional reversible counter 38 The output terminal, the output terminal of the AND gate 34 is connected to the input terminal of the forward energy counter, or the output terminal of the OR gate 35 is connected to the forward counting input terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter; one input terminal of the AND gate 37 and the OR gate 36 are common The pulse frequency signal from the OR gate 32 of the multiplier 25 is accepted, and the remaining input terminals collectively accept the borrow output terminal from the bidirectional reversible count II: 38. The output terminal of the AND gate 37 is connected to the input terminal of the negative energy counter 44. The output terminal of the OR gate 36 is connected to the negative counting input terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter; the function of the AND gate 34 and the OR gate 35 is that when the bidirectional reversible counter 38 has no carry signal, the multiplier The pulse frequency signal input from the 25 OR gate 31 is switched to the forward counting input terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38 for forward counting. When a carry signal appears, the forward input signal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38 is switched to the forward energy counter. At the input of 42, the forward count value no longer increases;

The function of the AND gate 37 and the OR gate 36 is to switch the pulse frequency signal input from the OR gate 32 of the multiplier 25 to the positive counting input terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38 when the bidirectional reversible counter 38 has no borrow signal, and perform a negative direction. Counting. When a borrow signal appears, the negative input signal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38 is switched to the input terminal of the negative energy counter 44. The negative count value no longer increases; the RS flip-flop 41 composed of two NOR gates 3940. The two input terminals are respectively connected to the carry and borrow output terminals of the bidirectional reversible counter, and one output terminal thereof is connected to the zero-crossing counter;

9 A multi-user energy metering device comprising: if a thousand voltage sensors are used to convert a load voltage into a corresponding voltage signal; if a thousand sets of current transmitters are used to convert a load current into a current represented by a corresponding voltage A signal, a plurality of electrical energy calculators, for multiplying and integrating the voltage signal and the current signal to generate a pulse or digital result proportional to the electrical energy corresponding to the load voltage and the load current; a microprocessor (MPU) for: Collect, process, store, and display the electric energy pulses and / or electric digital results, and provide digital adjustment, electronic meter reading, remote measurement and remote control, automatic charging and other management and communication capabilities, a display adjacent to the MPU, It is used to display the electric energy value. A power supply device supplies power to each component and provides backup power for data protection during power failure. Save

It is characterized in that each of the electrical energy calculators includes a voltage pulse impulse modulation ^ for modulating a voltage analog signal output by the corresponding voltage sensor ^ into a full-wave modulated pulse signal, and a plurality of multipliers, Sharing the voltage pulse signal output by the voltage pulse modulator, respectively multiplying the voltage pulse signal by a corresponding current signal to generate a plurality of electrolysis pulse signals corresponding to the load voltage and the thousands of load currents; The thousands of integrators are used for the integration of electric energy to accumulate the electrolytic pulse signals output by the multipliers, and are connected to a sign processor (MPU) to provide them with electrolytic pulses and / or electrolytic digital results.

10. The electric energy measurement device according to claim 9, further comprising a plurality of current pulse modulations connected between the current sensor and the multiplier, and configured to correspond to the currents output by the plurality of current sensors. The analog signal is modulated as a full-wave modulated pulse signal.

The electric energy metering device according to claim 9, wherein the current pulse modulation ^ shares a triangle wave generation ^. '

The electric energy metering device according to claim 9, wherein the voltage pulse modulator is a PWM modulator, the current pulse modulation is a PWM modulator, and the multiplier is an exclusive OR gate.

13. The electric energy metering device according to claim 10, wherein the current pulse modulator is a PWM modulator, the current pulse modulator and the voltage pulse modulator are adjusted. One of the modulators is PWM modulation, and the other is a PFM modulator that outputs a direction signal indicating the direction of the input signal and a pulse signal whose frequency is proportional to the absolute value of the input signal. The multiplier is an XOR gate whose input The terminal receives the P WM signal from the PWM modulator and the direction signal from the PFM modulator, outputs a new direction signal, and forms a PFM output signal with a pulse frequency signal from the PFM modulator.

14 ′ The electric energy metering device according to claim 10, wherein one of the current pulse modulator and the voltage pulse modulator is a PWM modulation ^, and the other is that the two output frequencies are respectively proportional to the positive and negative input signals thereof. The multiplication of the pulse frequency signal in the direction is: The PWM pulse signal from the PWM modulator 23 is connected to one input terminal of each of the AND gates 27 and 30 and the input input terminal of the NOT gate 26, and the output is inverted. The PWM pulse signal is connected to one of the input terminals of AND gates 28 and 29. One of the two pulse frequency signals from PFM pulse modulator 24 is connected to the remaining input terminals of AND gates 27 and 29. The other pulse frequency signal is connected to The remaining inputs of AND gates 28 and 30, the outputs of AND gates 27 and 29 are connected to the two input terminals of OR gate 31, and the outputs of AND gates 29 and 30 are connected to the two input terminals of OR gate 32, respectively. The two OR gates 31 and 32 generate a new PFM pulse signal represented by the two pulse frequencies, which is proportional to the product of the voltage signal and the current signal;

15. The electric energy measuring device according to claim 9, wherein the integrator is a one-way electric energy integrator composed of a bidirectional reversible counter.

16 The electric energy measurement device according to claim 9, wherein the product The splitter is a unidirectional energy integrator composed of two unidirectional counters.

The electric energy measuring device according to claim 9, wherein the integrator is a bidirectional electrolytic integrator composed of an electric energy direction controller and three counters.

18. The electric energy metering device according to claim 17, wherein the electric energy direction control device comprises: two AND gates 34, 37, two OR gates 35, 36, a bidirectional reversible counter 38, and a NOR gate. The RS flip-flop 41 composed of 39 and 40 receives the pulse frequency signal output from the OR gate 31 of the multiplier 25 and the input terminals of the AND gate 34 and the OR gate 35 together, and the remaining input terminals collectively accept the carry from the bidirectional reversible counter 38 The output terminal, the output terminal of the AND gate 34 is connected to the input terminal of the forward energy counter, or the output terminal of the OR gate 35 is connected to the forward counting input terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter; one input terminal of the AND gate 37 and the OR gate 36 are common The pulse frequency signal from the OR gate 32 of the multiplier 25 is accepted, and the remaining input terminals jointly accept the borrow output terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38. The output terminal of the AND gate 37 is connected to the input terminal of the negative energy counter 44 or the OR gate. The output terminal 36 is connected to the negative counting input terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter. The function of the AND gate 34 and the OR gate 35 is that when the bidirectional reversible counter 38 has no carry signal, it is multiplied by The pulse frequency signal input from the OR gate 31 of the controller 25 is switched to the forward counting input terminal of bidirectional reversible counting ^ 38 for forward counting. When a carry signal appears, the forward input signal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38 is switched to forward The input end of the energy counter 42 does not increase the forward count value;

The function of AND gate 37 and OR gate 36 is when the bidirectional reversible counter 38 has no borrow signal At this time, the pulse frequency signal input from the OR gate 32 of the multiplier 25 is switched to the positive counting input terminal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38 for negative counting. When a borrow signal appears, the negative input signal of the bidirectional reversible counter 38 is changed. Switch to the input terminal of the negative energy counter 44, the negative count value no longer increases; the RS input of the RS trigger consisting of two NOR gates 3940 ^ 41, the two input terminals are respectively connected to the carry and borrow output terminals of the bidirectional reversible counter, One of its outputs is connected to a zero-crossing counter;