WO1995032060A1 - Ultraviolet reactive coating system - Google Patents

Ultraviolet reactive coating system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995032060A1
WO1995032060A1 PCT/US1994/005590 US9405590W WO9532060A1 WO 1995032060 A1 WO1995032060 A1 WO 1995032060A1 US 9405590 W US9405590 W US 9405590W WO 9532060 A1 WO9532060 A1 WO 9532060A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
set forth
visible light
coating material
layers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1994/005590
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
James R. Deardorff
Original Assignee
Deardorff James R
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deardorff James R filed Critical Deardorff James R
Priority to PCT/US1994/005590 priority Critical patent/WO1995032060A1/en
Priority to AU72013/94A priority patent/AU7201394A/en
Publication of WO1995032060A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995032060A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/8422—Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with the field of protective coating systems for surfaces such as metal. More particularly, the invention concerns an ultraviolet reactive coating system having a plurality of layers in which an ultraviolet reactive fluorescent whitener is blended with at least one of the inner layers and in which an outer layer is impervious to ultraviolet light. In use, the outer layer is exposed to ultraviolet light and then inspected for identifiable, visible, fluorescing light from the inner layer, such being indicative of faults in the coverage of the inner layer by the outer layer.
  • a typical high quality protective coating system for metal surfaces such as metal tanks and pipelines includes two layers of an epoxy coating with a outer layer of polyurethane enamel. With properly prepared surfaces and properly applied coatings, these systems provide a high level of very durable protection that can last upwards of fifteen to twenty years.
  • the coating system of the present invention solves the prior art problems discussed above and provides a distinct advance in the state of the art. More particularly, the invention hereof provides a coating system that ensures fault free application.
  • the preferred coating system includes a plurality of layers in covering relationship with the surface of the body with at least one inner layer being composed of a coating material having a fluorescing substance blended therewith. After application of this inner layer, it is exposed to ultraviolet light which causes it to fluoresce and emit a distinctive visible light. This layer is then inspected for any areas presenting an absence of the distinctive emissions, such being indicative of faults or voids in the coverage. A subsequent layer impervious to ultraviolet light is then applied and this layer exposed to ultraviolet light. If any faults exist in the coverage by this subsequent layer, the underlying layer is exposed to the ultraviolet light and fluoresces in response. The presence of fluorescing visible light dramatically high ⁇ lights faults in the coverage by the subsequent layer.
  • additional coating layers are applied in which alternate layers include fluorescing substances blended therewith and these additional layers inspected using ultraviolet light as discussed above.
  • adjacent layers include fluorescing substances that emit visible light of different colors.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a tank having inner and outer surfaces coated according to the method and apparatus of the present invention with portions of the coating layers cut away for clarity of illustration;
  • Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view of a portion of the tank wall of Fig. 1 illustrating the layers of coating materials on opposed surfaces thereof.
  • metal tank 10 includes coating 12 on exterior surface 14 and coating 16 on interi ⁇ or surface 18.
  • coatings 12 and 16 are identical and each includes inner layer 20, first intermediate layer 22, second intermediate layer 24, and outer layer 26.
  • Inner layer 20 is coating material preferably composed of a metal primer or conditioner such as type 400-T avail ⁇ able from FSM, Inc., of Brookfield, Missouri.
  • a metal conditioner is preferred as the first layer because it provides good surface penetration of the metal as compared to an epoxy coating which is thicker and has a tendency to bridge some of the smaller spaces. Additionally, a metal conditioner chemically combines with the metal to form a protective metal salt.
  • Layer 20 also includes a fluorescing substance blended therewith such as a fluorescent whitener known as UVITEX OB available from CIBA-GEIGY CORP.
  • First intermediate layer 22 is a base coat of a coating material composed of a high solid epoxy or rust- inhibitive alkyd primer such as Series 4 VERSARE primer available from the Tnemec Company, Inc., of Kansas City, Missouri.
  • Second intermediate layer 24 is a base coat of a coating material also composed of a high solid epoxy or an industrial alkyd enamel such as Series 2H HI-BUILD TNEME-GLOSS also available from the Tnemec Company, Inc.
  • Outer layer 26 is a finish coat of coating material preferably composed of high solid epoxy, silicone enamel, or acrylic urethane such as Series 74 and 75 ENDURA-SHIELD or Series 73 ENDURA-SHIELD III available from the Tnemec Company, Inc. If desired, a sealer (not shown) composed of a modified thermal plastic can be applied to outer layer 26.
  • these surfaces are first abrasively sand blasted to present bare metal at least ninety five percent clean of all visible oil, grease, dirt, dust, scale, paint, oxides and other corrosion products or foreign matter.
  • the primer is then blended with the fluorescent substance to form the preferred coating material for the first layer.
  • This coating material is then applied to the surfaces of the body such as tank 10 as inner layer 20.
  • the coating material of inner layer 20 After the coating material of inner layer 20 has dried, it is then exposed to ultraviolet light during conditions of low visible light such as late evening or early morning using a black light lamp, preferably model BIB-150B available from Spectronics Corporation of West- bury, New York. Upon exposure, the fluorescent material in layer 20 fluoresces and emits the distinctive visible light. Because of the brightness and general uniformity of emission, any faults or voids in the coating of the metal surfaces by layer 20 are readily apparent by the absence of visible emission in these deficient areas. With this inspection, even small faults can be detected and readily touched up with additional coating material. In this way, the integrity of inner layer 20 is assured.
  • a black light lamp preferably model BIB-150B available from Spectronics Corporation of West- bury, New York.
  • first intermediate layer 22 The material making up layer 22 includes pigments that are impervious to ultraviolet light and thereby prevent expo ⁇ sure of the underlying layer 20 to this light.
  • intermediate layer 22 is then exposed to ultraviolet using the preferred lamp under low light conditions and inspected for the presence of any visible light.
  • layer 22 can be blended with an ultraviolet light absorber such as TINUVIN 384 available from CIBA-GEIGY CORP. of Hawthorne, New York. With this absorber, layer 22 appears as a dark shadow when exposed to ultraviolet light in a dark setting.
  • Outer layer 26 can also include an ultraviolet light absorber for increased contrast with the reactive layer 24 therebelow. Additionally the ultraviolet light absorbing material has the advantage of not fading in effectiveness with a pro ⁇ longed exposure to ultraviolet light. Thus, it is particu ⁇ larly advantageous when included with the outer coating for an ongoing maintenance program.
  • the coating materials for second intermediate layer 24 and outer layer 26 are then applied in the conventional manner with the assurance that the integrity of the first two layers in intact.
  • the coating material of second intermediate layer 24 can also be blended with a fluo ⁇ rescing substance and the process of application, exposure, and inspection repeated in the same manner as with layers 20 and 22.
  • adjacent coating layers can be provided with fluorescing substances by using ones that emit visible light of different colors. In this way, the contrast between the two colors enables the layers to be distinguished during inspection.
  • the system hereof provides a means of quality control in the application of coatings which has heretofore not been possible.
  • prior art techniques it has been necessary to design coating systems under the assumption that faults will exist in the various coating layers because no reli ⁇ able quality assurance system has been available.
  • prior art systems have incorporated extra layers of coatings, not because they were chemically required, but because they were required to ensure total coverage.
  • coating systems can now be designed that specify one coating where only one is needed for a particular protec ⁇ tive function.
  • the present invention also enables an on-going mainte ⁇ nance program.
  • second intermediate layer 24 includes a fluorescing substance
  • periodic ultraviolet light inspection of coatings 12 and 16 will reveal deterio ⁇ ration of outer layer 26.
  • inspection under ultraviolet light will cause second intermediate layer 24 to fluoresce and thereby reveal these faults.
  • continued aging exposes inner layer 20, this can also be detected through ultraviolet inspection.
  • Periodic inspection of coatings 12 and 16 provides an on-going quality assurance program that reveals developing faults so that proper and timely repair can occur, thereby extending the life of the coating. In this way, the present invention provides for both maximum surface protec- tion and maximum coating life.
  • the present invention encompasses many variations in the preferred embodiment described herein.
  • other materials may be used or may be developed that emit a detectable light when exposed to other wave lengths of non- visible light, such as infrared.
  • the present invention can be incorporated with a wide variety of coating materials and on a wide variety of surfaces. Having thus described the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent:

Abstract

An ultraviolet reactive coating system for surfaces (18) of a body (14) includes a plurality of layers (20, 22, 24 and 26) in which an ultraviolet reactive fluorescent whitener is blended with at least one of the inner layers (20-24) and in which an outer layer (26) is impervious to ultraviolet light. In use, the outer layer is exposed to ultraviolet light and then coatings (12) and (16) are inspected for identifiable, visible, fluorescing light from the inner layer, such being indicative of faults in the coverage of the inner layer by the outer layer.

Description

ULT AVIOLET REACTIVE COATING SYSTEM Background of the Invention l. Field of the Invention
The present invention is concerned with the field of protective coating systems for surfaces such as metal. More particularly, the invention concerns an ultraviolet reactive coating system having a plurality of layers in which an ultraviolet reactive fluorescent whitener is blended with at least one of the inner layers and in which an outer layer is impervious to ultraviolet light. In use, the outer layer is exposed to ultraviolet light and then inspected for identifiable, visible, fluorescing light from the inner layer, such being indicative of faults in the coverage of the inner layer by the outer layer.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A typical high quality protective coating system for metal surfaces such as metal tanks and pipelines includes two layers of an epoxy coating with a outer layer of polyurethane enamel. With properly prepared surfaces and properly applied coatings, these systems provide a high level of very durable protection that can last upwards of fifteen to twenty years.
The effectiveness and durability of these prior art coating systems, however, are highly dependent upon proper application. Faults or defects in any of the layers can seriously compromise the integrity of the coatings and dramatically reduce the effective lifespan. Indeed, even with the most conscientious efforts, it is difficult to avoid some faults such as pin hole sized voids which are very difficult to detect, especially on a large project with many surface irregularities. In order to compensate for these unavoidable faults, two layers of undercoating typically are applied to mini¬ mize the likelihood of an exposed surface. In many appli¬ cations, a second layer of undercoating would be unneces- sary if one could be sure that the first layer presented no faults.
Summary of the Invention
The coating system of the present invention solves the prior art problems discussed above and provides a distinct advance in the state of the art. More particularly, the invention hereof provides a coating system that ensures fault free application.
The preferred coating system includes a plurality of layers in covering relationship with the surface of the body with at least one inner layer being composed of a coating material having a fluorescing substance blended therewith. After application of this inner layer, it is exposed to ultraviolet light which causes it to fluoresce and emit a distinctive visible light. This layer is then inspected for any areas presenting an absence of the distinctive emissions, such being indicative of faults or voids in the coverage. A subsequent layer impervious to ultraviolet light is then applied and this layer exposed to ultraviolet light. If any faults exist in the coverage by this subsequent layer, the underlying layer is exposed to the ultraviolet light and fluoresces in response. The presence of fluorescing visible light dramatically high¬ lights faults in the coverage by the subsequent layer. In preferred forms, additional coating layers are applied in which alternate layers include fluorescing substances blended therewith and these additional layers inspected using ultraviolet light as discussed above. In other forms, adjacent layers include fluorescing substances that emit visible light of different colors.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view of a tank having inner and outer surfaces coated according to the method and apparatus of the present invention with portions of the coating layers cut away for clarity of illustration; and
Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view of a portion of the tank wall of Fig. 1 illustrating the layers of coating materials on opposed surfaces thereof.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 in which metal tank 10 includes coating 12 on exterior surface 14 and coating 16 on interi¬ or surface 18. In this preferred embodiment, coatings 12 and 16 are identical and each includes inner layer 20, first intermediate layer 22, second intermediate layer 24, and outer layer 26.
Inner layer 20 is coating material preferably composed of a metal primer or conditioner such as type 400-T avail¬ able from FSM, Inc., of Brookfield, Missouri. A metal conditioner is preferred as the first layer because it provides good surface penetration of the metal as compared to an epoxy coating which is thicker and has a tendency to bridge some of the smaller spaces. Additionally, a metal conditioner chemically combines with the metal to form a protective metal salt. Layer 20 also includes a fluorescing substance blended therewith such as a fluorescent whitener known as UVITEX OB available from CIBA-GEIGY CORP. of Hawthorne, New York, blended with the primer at a level to achieve between about 0.2 and 4.0 percent solids content depending upon the level of fluorescing brightness desired for a particular applica¬ tion. When exposed to ultraviolet light with a peak optical density at about 375 nm. , maximum density of fluo- rescence emission occurs in the visible spectrum at about 435 nm. which presents a distinctive and readily identifi¬ able greenish blue hue. The ability of the preferred fluorescing substance to respond to ultraviolet light fades over time upon continuous exposure. As a result, it is preferred that the fluorescing layers be coated by subse¬ quent light impervious layers so that the fluorescing layers retain their responsiveness to ultraviolet light.
First intermediate layer 22 is a base coat of a coating material composed of a high solid epoxy or rust- inhibitive alkyd primer such as Series 4 VERSARE primer available from the Tnemec Company, Inc., of Kansas City, Missouri. Second intermediate layer 24 is a base coat of a coating material also composed of a high solid epoxy or an industrial alkyd enamel such as Series 2H HI-BUILD TNEME-GLOSS also available from the Tnemec Company, Inc.
Outer layer 26 is a finish coat of coating material preferably composed of high solid epoxy, silicone enamel, or acrylic urethane such as Series 74 and 75 ENDURA-SHIELD or Series 73 ENDURA-SHIELD III available from the Tnemec Company, Inc. If desired, a sealer (not shown) composed of a modified thermal plastic can be applied to outer layer 26.
In the preferred method of coating surfaces 18 and 20 of tank 10, these surfaces are first abrasively sand blasted to present bare metal at least ninety five percent clean of all visible oil, grease, dirt, dust, scale, paint, oxides and other corrosion products or foreign matter. The primer is then blended with the fluorescent substance to form the preferred coating material for the first layer. This coating material is then applied to the surfaces of the body such as tank 10 as inner layer 20.
After the coating material of inner layer 20 has dried, it is then exposed to ultraviolet light during conditions of low visible light such as late evening or early morning using a black light lamp, preferably model BIB-150B available from Spectronics Corporation of West- bury, New York. Upon exposure, the fluorescent material in layer 20 fluoresces and emits the distinctive visible light. Because of the brightness and general uniformity of emission, any faults or voids in the coating of the metal surfaces by layer 20 are readily apparent by the absence of visible emission in these deficient areas. With this inspection, even small faults can be detected and readily touched up with additional coating material. In this way, the integrity of inner layer 20 is assured.
Next, the preferred epoxy coating is then applied to inner layer 20 to form first intermediate layer 22. The material making up layer 22 includes pigments that are impervious to ultraviolet light and thereby prevent expo¬ sure of the underlying layer 20 to this light. After application, intermediate layer 22 is then exposed to ultraviolet using the preferred lamp under low light conditions and inspected for the presence of any visible light.
If any faults or voids exist in the coverage of inner layer 20 by layer 22, the fluorescing material of inner layer 20 in these fault areas are exposed to ultraviolet light and thereby fluoresce to emit the distinctive visible light. As a result, these fault areas appear to glow and even the smallest voids are readily apparent. The faults can then be touched up with the preferred coating material and in so doing, the total integrity of layer 22 is en¬ sured.
In order to increase the contrast between first intermediate layer 22 and inner layer 20, layer 22 can be blended with an ultraviolet light absorber such as TINUVIN 384 available from CIBA-GEIGY CORP. of Hawthorne, New York. With this absorber, layer 22 appears as a dark shadow when exposed to ultraviolet light in a dark setting. Outer layer 26 can also include an ultraviolet light absorber for increased contrast with the reactive layer 24 therebelow. Additionally the ultraviolet light absorbing material has the advantage of not fading in effectiveness with a pro¬ longed exposure to ultraviolet light. Thus, it is particu¬ larly advantageous when included with the outer coating for an ongoing maintenance program.
The coating materials for second intermediate layer 24 and outer layer 26 are then applied in the conventional manner with the assurance that the integrity of the first two layers in intact. The coating material of second intermediate layer 24 can also be blended with a fluo¬ rescing substance and the process of application, exposure, and inspection repeated in the same manner as with layers 20 and 22.
As an alternative, adjacent coating layers can be provided with fluorescing substances by using ones that emit visible light of different colors. In this way, the contrast between the two colors enables the layers to be distinguished during inspection.
As those skilled in the art will now appreciate, the system hereof provides a means of quality control in the application of coatings which has heretofore not been possible. With prior art techniques, it has been necessary to design coating systems under the assumption that faults will exist in the various coating layers because no reli¬ able quality assurance system has been available. Accord¬ ingly, prior art systems have incorporated extra layers of coatings, not because they were chemically required, but because they were required to ensure total coverage. With the present invention, such is no longer required and coating systems can now be designed that specify one coating where only one is needed for a particular protec¬ tive function. The present invention also enables an on-going mainte¬ nance program. For example, if second intermediate layer 24 includes a fluorescing substance, periodic ultraviolet light inspection of coatings 12 and 16 will reveal deterio¬ ration of outer layer 26. In other words, as coatings 12 and 16 age, and outer layer 26 develops faults, inspection under ultraviolet light will cause second intermediate layer 24 to fluoresce and thereby reveal these faults. Similarly, if continued aging exposes inner layer 20, this can also be detected through ultraviolet inspection. Periodic inspection of coatings 12 and 16 provides an on-going quality assurance program that reveals developing faults so that proper and timely repair can occur, thereby extending the life of the coating. In this way, the present invention provides for both maximum surface protec- tion and maximum coating life.
As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the present invention encompasses many variations in the preferred embodiment described herein. For example, other materials may be used or may be developed that emit a detectable light when exposed to other wave lengths of non- visible light, such as infrared. Additionally, the present invention can be incorporated with a wide variety of coating materials and on a wide variety of surfaces. Having thus described the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent:

Claims

CLAIMS;
1. A method of coating the surface of a body com¬ prising the steps of:
(a) providing a coating material with fluorescing means blended therewith for emitting identifiable visible light in response to exposure to selected non-visible light;
(b) applying a first layer of said coating material in covering relationship with the surface of the body;
(c) applying a second layer of coating material in covering relationship with said first layer, said coating material of said second layer including means for preventing exposure of said first layer to said selected non-visible light;
(d) exposing said second layer to said selected non- visible light; and
(e) inspecting said second layer for said identifiable visible light, such being indicative of faults in the coverage of said first layer by said second layer.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1, said body including metal, step (a) including the step of using a metal primer as said coating material of said first layer.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1, step (a) including the step of using an epoxy material as said coating material for said first layer.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1, step (b) including the step of providing a fluorescent whitener as said fluorescing means.
5. The method as set forth in claim 1, step (c) including the step of using an enamel as said coating material for said second layer.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1 further including the step of using different coating materials for said first and second layers.
7. The method as set forth in claim 1, repeating steps (a) through (e) for providing successive layers.
8. The method as set forth in claim 1, further including the step of providing said coating material of said first layer with means for emitting identifiable visible light in response to exposure to ultraviolet light.
9. The method as set forth in claim 8, further including the step of providing said second layer with means for absorbing ultraviolet light.
10. The method as set forth in claim 1, further including the step of providing said coating materials of said first and second layers with fluorescing means respon¬ sive to ultraviolet light.
11. The method as set forth in claim 10, further including the step of providing said first and second layers with respectively different fluorescing means responsive to ultraviolet light for emitting visible light of different colors.
12. An article of manufacture comprising: a body having a surface to be covered; a first layer of coating material in covering rela¬ tionship with said surface; a second layer of coating material in covering rela¬ tionship with said surface and with said first layer therebetween; and fluorescing means blended with said coating material of said first layer for emitting identifiable visible light in response to exposure to selected non-visible light, said second layer including means for preventing exposure of said first layer to said selected non-visible light and for enabling detection of faults in the coverage by said second layer of said first layer by the emission of said identi¬ fiable light in said faults upon exposure to said selected non-visible light.
13. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim
8, said body including metal.
14. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim 12, said coating material of said first layer including a metal primer. -13 -
15. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim 12, said coating material including an epoxy material.
16. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim 12, said fluorescing including a fluorescent whitener.
17. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim 12, said coating material for said second layer including an enamel coating.
18. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim 12, said first and second layers being composed of differ¬ ent coating materials.
19. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim
12, further including at least one additional layer of coating material.
20. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim 12, said fluorescing means including means for emitting said identifiable visible light in response to exposure to ultraviolet light.
21. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim
20, said first and second layers each including fluorescing means blended with the coating material thereof.
22. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim
21, said fluorescing means of said first and second layers including means for emitting identifiable visible light of respectively different colors.
23. The article of manufacture as set forth in claim
12, said non-visible light including ultraviolet light, said article of manufacture further including means, blended with the coating material of said second layer, for absorbing ultraviolet light.
24. A method of coating the surface of a body com¬ prising the steps of:
(a) applying a plurality of layers of coating materi¬ als in covering relationship with the surface of the body, said layers including at least one inner layer;
(b) providing the coating material of said at least one inner layer with fluorescing means blended therewith for emitting identifiable visible light in response to exposure to selected non-visible light;
(c) exposing at least one of said layers to said non- visible light; and
(d) inspecting for said identifiable visible light.
25. The method as set forth in claim 24, further including the steps of exposing said at least one inner layer to said non-visible light and inspecting said at least one inner layer for areas of absence of said iden- tifiable visible light, said areas being indicative of faults in the coverage by said at least one inner layer.
26. The method as set forth in claim 25, said layers including a second layer in covering relationship with said at least one inner layer with said second layer being composed of a material impervious to light, said method further including the steps of exposing said second layer to said non-visible light and inspecting said second layer for said identifiable visible light, such being indicative of faults in the coverage by said second layer of said at least one inner layer.
27. The method as set forth in claim 24, said layers including a second layer in covering relationship with said at least one inner layer with said second layer being composed of a material impervious to light, said method further including the steps of exposing said second layer to said non-visible light and inspecting said second layer for said identifiable visible light, such being indicative of faults in the coverage by said second layer of said at least one inner layer.
28. The method as set forth in claim 24, further including the step of providing four layers as said plural¬ ity of layers.
29. The method as set forth in claim 24, said select¬ ed non-visible light including ultraviolet light, said method further including the steps of providing the coating material of adjacent layers with fluorescing means operable for emitting identifiable visible light of respectively different colors.
PCT/US1994/005590 1994-05-20 1994-05-20 Ultraviolet reactive coating system WO1995032060A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1994/005590 WO1995032060A1 (en) 1994-05-20 1994-05-20 Ultraviolet reactive coating system
AU72013/94A AU7201394A (en) 1994-05-20 1994-05-20 Ultraviolet reactive coating system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Publication Number Publication Date
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WO2001025347A1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2001-04-12 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coating with optical taggent
WO2002033389A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2002-04-25 General Electric Company Methods for nondestructive evaluation of defects in a transparent coating
DE102008033940B3 (en) * 2008-07-18 2010-01-21 Innovent E.V. Functional layer quality determining method, involves separately supplying colorant to working gas or plasma beam or flame or together with precursor, where method is implemented as normal pressure plasma method
WO2010118328A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2010-10-14 The Penn State Research Foundation Interactive coatings, surfaces & materials
JP2013203429A (en) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-07 Universal Seikan Kk Externally coated can
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WO2014118154A1 (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Balluff Gmbh Testing method and testing device for surfaces
DE102013223261A1 (en) * 2013-11-14 2015-05-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Body coating, vehicle, method for detecting body damage to a vehicle and use of a film with a fluorescent agent
US9284487B2 (en) 2010-01-13 2016-03-15 The Penn State Research Foundation Up-conversion luminescent coatings/materials for antimicrobial applications
WO2021090208A1 (en) * 2019-11-08 2021-05-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Ultraviolet light-based inspection for detecting coating defects in manufactured webs using fluorescing agents
DE102020210484A1 (en) 2020-08-18 2022-02-24 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg Method of checking a preservation layer
EP4257959A1 (en) * 2022-04-05 2023-10-11 Goodrich Corporation Method of quality control and service inspection for metallic electro-mechanical components

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