WO1995028834A1 - Procede ameliore de lutte contre les insectes sociaux au moyen d'appats a base de pheromones - Google Patents

Procede ameliore de lutte contre les insectes sociaux au moyen d'appats a base de pheromones Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995028834A1
WO1995028834A1 PCT/US1995/004906 US9504906W WO9528834A1 WO 1995028834 A1 WO1995028834 A1 WO 1995028834A1 US 9504906 W US9504906 W US 9504906W WO 9528834 A1 WO9528834 A1 WO 9528834A1
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Prior art keywords
pheromone
bait
queen
ants
attractant
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PCT/US1995/004906
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert K. Vandermeer
Jack A. Seawright
Steve Brocious
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The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Agriculture
American Cyanamid Company
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Application filed by The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Agriculture, American Cyanamid Company filed Critical The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Agriculture
Priority to AU23926/95A priority Critical patent/AU2392695A/en
Publication of WO1995028834A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995028834A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
    • A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to species- and/or genera- specific attractant pheromone-containing bait compositions for social insects, particularly ants, and more particularly fire ants. It also relates to the use of these compositions to control social insects while decreasing the percentage of bait taken by non-target arthropod species or other organisms. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of these compositions to control social insects in order to decrease the quantity of insecticide required.
  • an effective social insect toxicant must exhibit delayed toxicity, not repel the insects and be effective over a range of concentrations. Repellency can reduce or negate the effectiveness of a toxicant because the insects will avoid the treated bait.
  • the bait must be of a form that is transferable either by carrying it back to the nest or by trophallaxis and the toxicity must be delayed because foraging worker insects constitute only a small percentage of the total colony and must survive long enough to pass the toxicant onto the main colony population, especially the queen (s) .
  • Pheromones play an integral role in the activities of social insect colonies such as recruitment to food sources, care of brood and queen, and defense of the colony. Pheromones can be used to enhance the control of pest insects by decreasing the time for discovery of the bait by the targeted insect which results in less bait available to non-targeted insects. This in turn leads to a reduction in the amount of insecticide used and predictably slower reinfestation rates.
  • Toxic baits take advantage -of social insect foraging systems to direct the toxicant to the entire colony. Thus, smaller quantities of insecticide are used then would be required for the inundation of colonies with, for example, insecticide emulsions (drenches) .
  • competing insect species are also affected by bait toxicants.
  • the phagostimulant e.g. soybean oil, is non-specific. The concurrent removal of a pest species and non-target species may actually enhance reinfestation of the pest species.
  • Pheromones have been added to baits for different insects such as cockroaches (U.S. Patent No. 5,238,681), flies (U.S. Patent No. 5,237,774), leaf cutting ants (WO 90/11012), and mint root boorers (U.S. Patent No. 5,236,715) .
  • a trail pheromone-containing bait was tested on leaf-cutting ants (Robinson et al, Bull, ent. Res. V.72, 345-356, 1982; Robinson et al, Bull. ent.
  • the present invention provides a bait formulation which is different from prior art baits.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an attractant pheromone-containing bait formulation for the control of pest arthropods.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a racemic attractant pheromone mixture in a matrix which further includes a toxicant and phagostimulant.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an optically pure attractant pheromone in a matrix which further includes a toxicant and phagostimulant.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a bait containing an attractant pheromone wherein said pheromone is imbedded in a controlled release formulation.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide an attractant pheromone-containing bait wherein said pheromone is exterior or interior to a matrix containing a toxicant and a phagostimulant.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling pest arthropods using an attractant pheromone-containing bait.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling pest social insects using an attractant pheromone- containing bait.
  • Figure 1 is a drawing of a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay used in detecting attractive pheromones.
  • Figure 2 is a bar graph showing Y tube olfactometer results for queen poison sac extracts and synthetic queen pheromone, racemic invictolide, at various concentrations and on various carriers .
  • Figure 3 shows the structures of the three components isolated from fire ant queen pheromone.
  • Figure 4 is a bar graph showing olfactometer bioassay of the nine possible three component mixtures of queen pheromone.
  • Figure 5 is a bar graph showing an olfactometer bioassay of 15 possible two component combinations of queen pheromone.
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing activity/concentration studies of a three component and a two component mixture of queen pheromone.
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing activity/concentration studies of a two component mixture and racemic invictolide ( ⁇ ) B.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing activity/concentration studies of the three, two and one component mixtures.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing percent fire ant workers with calico red-dye after the indicated time interval after exposure to dye treated bait and dye-treated bait containing 100 QE per particle of queen pheromone components A and racemic invictolide.
  • Figure 10 is a bar graph comparing polygyne and monogyne S. invicta worker olfactometer response to poison sac extract and control (PDCG) .
  • Figure 11 is a bar graph showing mean discovery time for AMDRO® bait particles versus bait particles treated with 100 queen equivalents (QE) of racemic invictolide.
  • Figure 12 is a bar graph showing the percent AMDRO or pheromone enhanced AMDRO discovered first in a series of bait discovery assays.
  • Figure 13 is a bar graph showing a comparison of bait particle discovery time for standard bait and bait enhanced with various concentrations of racemic invictolide.
  • Figure 14 is a bar graph showing first discovery preference for bait particles treated with 1 queen equivalent of racemic invictolide versus standard bait particles.
  • Site 1 Polygene Population
  • Site 3 Mixed Monogyne & Polygyne Population.
  • Figure 15 is a bar graph showing first discovery time for bait particles treated with 1 queen equivalent racemic invictolide versus standard bait particles.
  • Site 1 Polygene Population
  • Site 2 Monogyne Population
  • Site 3 Mixed Monogyne & Polygyne Population.
  • Figure 16 is a graph showing laboratory results (expected) of hydramethylnon (at 33% of recommended rate) efficacy when the theoretical amount of active ingredient was taken by a colony and field efficacy results (observed) where fire ants had to discover individual bait particles broadcast in the field at the same rate.
  • Figure 17 is the same as Figure 11 except pheromone enhanced bait results have been added.
  • Figure 18 is a bar graph showing results of a large scale broadcast field bioassay.
  • Figure 19 is a graph showing cumulative number of fire ants collected in pitfall traps located on the three treatment and control sites.
  • Figure 20 is a graph showing cumulative number of non-target ants in pitfall traps located on the three treatment and control sites .
  • Figure 21 is a bar graph showing comparisons of the cumulative pitfall trap data at the end of the experiment.
  • Figure 22 is a graph showing chemical stability and biological activity of racemic invictolide-enhanced AMDRO bait particles.
  • B racemic invictolide.
  • the fire ant Solenopsis invicta
  • the fire ant Solenopsis invicta
  • the concept is applicable to the control of other pest ants and other pest social insects.
  • social insects such as wasps and termites, have well developed foraging mechanisms.
  • Social insect pests are treated in accordance with the invention by dispensing the attractant pheromone-containing bait formulation in any suitable way in the vicinity of nests, in urban or rural areas, or anywhere pest social insects are a problem. For example, by scattering attractant pheromone-containing bait particles on the foraging surface surrounding a pest social insect nest.
  • bait is understood by those skilled in the art to be a combination of phagostimulant, insecticide, and a suitable carrier.
  • the phagostimulant may be any substance that will entice the insect to ingest the toxicant.
  • Suitable baits include edible oils and fats, vegetable seed meals, meal by-products such as blood, fish meal, syrups, honey, sucrose, and other sugars, peanut butter, cereals, amino acids, proteins, and the like. See U.S. Patent No. 3,220,921 which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • Preferred phagostimulants for ants are mixtures of edible oils, which are also solvents for the toxicant, with granular carriers such as corncob grits, pregel defatted corn grits (PDCG) , and the like. These impregnated granular bait formulations readily fall to the ground, where insects forage, when dispersed by aerial or ground applicators. When found by the insects, the phagostimulant and toxicant is ingested, or the- bait particle is carried into the nest. In both cases the phagostimulant and toxicant are distributed to other colony members, most importantly the queen.
  • granular carriers such as corncob grits, pregel defatted corn grits (PDCG) , and the like.
  • the toxicant or pesticide included in the bait can be any toxicant or insecticide or insect growth regulator effective against pest social insects as long as it is not repellent to the targeted insect, exhibits delayed toxicity, and is readily transferable from one insect to another. See for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,177,107, which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • Environmentally acceptable insecticides and insect growth regulators with desired physical and toxic properties have been registered with the EPA for use in non-agricultural situations. These are amidinohydrazone, AMDRO, fenoxycarb, Logic® and abamectin, Affirm ⁇ .
  • the toxicant component of AMDRO disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
  • the next defined caste is the reserve temporal caste. This caste normally maintains the nest structure and would be recruited from the colony nest to retrieve food.
  • the reserve caste may experience brood or recruitment pheromones depending on their developmental stage.
  • the last defined temporal caste category is the foraging worker who finds food and recruits other workers to do it if necessary. Foraging workers are often called the expendable caste because they are old and close to death. This caste is not very sensitive to any pheromone system due to senescence and the accompanying diminished sensory acuity.
  • the fire ant queen recognition pheromone component used is a synthetic pheromone called invictolide.
  • Invictolide is an aliphatic ⁇ -lactone, tetrahydro- 3, 5-dimethyl-6- (1-methybutyl) -2H-pyran-2-one.
  • Invictolide can be used as a racemic ( ⁇ )preparation or as an optically pure preparation of (-) -invictolide.
  • the synthesis of racemic invictolide is disclosed in Tetrahedron Letters, Volume 24, No. 18, 1893-1896, 1983, which is herein incorporated by reference. Racemic invictolide can also be purchased from Nitto Denko Corporation, Japan.
  • Optically pure invictolide can be synthesized as described by Mori et al, Tetrahedron, 42(23) 6459-6464, 1986, which is herein incorporated by reference. Invictolide can be used alone in the bait or can be used in combination with other components of the queen recognition pheromone, (E) -6- (1-pentenyl) -2H-pyran-2-one or dihydroactinidiolide. (E) -6- (1-pentenyl) -2H-pyran-2-one can also be purchased from Nitto Denko Corporation, Japan, or can be made synthetically as described in Tetrahedron Letters, Volume 24, No. 18, 1889-1892, 1983, which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • Dihydroactinidiolide can be made synthetically as described in Tetrahedron 42(1), 283-290, 1986, which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • Invictolide is used in a concentration range of from approximately about 0.1 queen equivalents to approximately about 250 queen equivalents per bait particle.
  • a more preferred range is from approximately about 0.3 queen equivalents to approximately about 100 queen equivalents per bait particle and a most preferred range is approximately about 1 queen equivalent to approximately about 100 queen equivalents per bait particle.
  • the most preferred concentration for bait formulation with fire ant queen pheromone is approximately about 1 queen equivalent per bait particle. With higher amounts of pheromone, there is a trend toward faster discovery of the pheromone-enhanced bait. However, since 1 queen equivalent per bait particle gives consistent results, it will be a cost-effective concentration for commercial purposes.
  • 1 queen equivalent is defined as the estimated amount of a compound that a single queen contains at any given time (See Rocca et al . and Glancey et al . , Sociobiology, 9(1), 19-30) . It was found that queens contain approximately 4ng/queen of invictolide. The natural material is optically pure; however, the synthetic invictolide used in the examples is a racemic mixture where only one of the two enantiomers is active.
  • one queen equivalent for racemic invictolide equals 8ng, rather than 4ng of the optically pure invictolide.
  • 1 queen equivalent per bait particle for each pheromone is added. Therefore, 1 ng of (E) -6- (1-pentenyl) -2H- pyran-2-one and/or 1 ng of dihydroactinidiolide plus 8 ng of racemic invictolide equals 1 queen equivalent for the combination of pheromones.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art could readily substitute any attractant pheromone in the bait formulation.
  • Controlled slow release of the attractant pheromone may be effected by .encapsulation or absorption into a porous substrate that is incorporated into the bait or by any other controlled release technology known to those of ordinary skill in the art. See for example, Paul, Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations, ACS Symposium, Series #33, 1-14, 1976, and Lewis et al, Controlled Release Pesticides, ACS Symposium, Series #53, 1-16, 1977. Both references are herein incorporated by reference.
  • Granular carrier particles are sieved through American standard sieves #10 (2.0mm) and #12 (1.7mm) . Particles remaining in the #12 sieve are used to prepare the pheromone-containing baits. Next, the neat pheromone (s) is (are) weighed and an appropriate amount (defined by 1 QE/0.61 ⁇ l solution) of soybean oil with toxicant is added to give a solution of 1 queen equivalent per 0.61 ul to be added per granular carrier particle. For the test model, the toxicant is hydramethylnon which is the active ingredient in AMDRO (American Cyanamid Corporation, Princeton, New Jersey) bait particles.
  • AMDRO American Cyanamid Corporation, Princeton, New Jersey
  • the olfactometer (See Figure 1) consists of two 24/40 ground glass joints 2; each ring 7 is sealed to one of the arms 8 of a 5 cm Y tube 9 such that 1 cm of each Y tube arm 8 extends through the male half of one of the ground glass joints 4. A 5 cm piece of 0.6 cm ID tubing 5 was ring sealed 1 cm into the female half of the ground glass joints.
  • Baffle 3 at the center of the Y tube controls air streams and prevents mixing of the sample, and gives ants a clear choice. The baffle also narrows the openings to the choice chambers to the minimum size required for passage of a major worker.
  • a test sample of the extract and a solvent blank is applied to various release media and each is placed in one of the choice chambers 2.
  • the sample concentration tested was 30 queen equivalent of racemic invictolide ( ⁇ B) .
  • the carriers used were AMDRO bait particles (AM CY BAIT) , pregel defatted corn cob grits (PDCG) , and filter paper.
  • the controls were AMDRO bait particle alone, PDCG plus soybean oil (PDCG + SBO) , PDCG, and filter paper with 0.3QE of poison sac extract.
  • Compressed air (breathing air quality) is split into two stems and passes into the two chambers 2. Each stream is regulated to 0.2 liters/ minute for a total effluent flow rate of 0.4 liters/minute.
  • Approximately 50-70 ants from laboratory colonies are confined in a 2.5 cm piece of 0.9 cm ID TYGON tubing sealed at one end with wire gauze. The open end of the tubing is attached to the entrance stem 6.
  • the initial choice of the first 20 ants that walk down the entrance tube and into one of the arms of the Y tube is recorded. Ants that are not trapped in a choice chamber and come back to the entrance stem are not counted if they make another choice.
  • the olfactometer is rinsed with acetone and dried. Each test sample is retested with the same caste of ants from the same colony, but the choice chamber in which the sample and control is placed is reversed. This eliminates any bias inherent in the individual olfactometers .
  • example 1 demonstrates that foraging workers are attracted to the pheromone.
  • Queen pheromone is released by the queen and contains three components designated A, B, & C (see figure 3) .
  • A, B, & C see figure 3
  • this example only measures worker response to volatiles of A, -B, +B, -C, and +C on AMDRO bait particles in an air stream in the above described olfactometer bioassay.
  • Figure 6 shows the results of activity/concentration studies for the three component [A & (-) (+)B & ( _ ) (+)C] and two component [A & (-) (+)B] pheromone systems.
  • the two component system has a slightly broader range of activity than that of the three components (racemic B was made by combining equal amounts of the two optical isomers) .
  • racemic B did not have statistically significant activity at one queen equivalent, tests at higher concentrations showed it to have significant attractive activity over about one and a half orders of magnitude (Figure 7) . This is an important result because it may now be possible to work with only a single racemic compound, which enhances the potential commercial viability of the queen pheromone.
  • Figure 8 shows a comparison of the three, two and one component mixtures.
  • the fire ant Solenopsis invicta has two distinct population types, monogyne and polygyne, which relate to the number of queens per nest. Monogyne nests have one queen and polygyne nests have many. It is important to know how both types of populations respond to baits.
  • a Y tube olfactometer bioassay as described in Example 1 was set up to test both types of workers. 0.3 queen equivalents of poison sac extracts, which contains queen attractant pheromone, was used. As shown in Figure 10, worker response to queen pheromone (poison sac extract) is independent of the type of population it came from.
  • pregel defatted corncob grits (PDCG) was not different for the two types. Monogyne and polygyne workers were significantly attracted to queen pheromone in the olfactometer. However, workers were not significantly attracted to the untreated grit carrier.
  • the next step was to test the grit/pheromone formulation in the field.
  • a field bioassay was developed that measured discovery time of two paired bait particles, one standard and the other treatment.
  • Experimental sites were large grassy areas >l/2 ha and consisted mainly of bahia grass. The grass was maintained on a regular basis through mowing. The area was determined by inspection to be infested with fire ants. The onogyne/polygyne status of the fire ant population was determined by the aggression bioassay (Morel et al, Annals of the Entomological Society of America 3(3), 642-647, 1990) and by observation of mound characteristics and worker size distribution. The two test sites utilized were (a) Lake Alice Field on the University of Florida campus, Gainesville, Florida and (b) Santa Fe Community College site, Gainesville, Florida.
  • AMDRO fire ant bait was sieved through American standard sieves #10 and #12 as described above. Particles remaining in the #12 sieve were treated with 1QE racemic invictolide or hexane control in groups of five. The time to first ant discovery was recorded for each pair of bait particles. Worker ant contacts were recorded until one ant remained on the particle at least 3 seconds, after which the bait particle and ant were aspirated into a 2 ml vial and saved. The test was terminated after both particles had been discovered. If no contact (both particles) was made within 10 minutes the test was terminated. Similarly, if there was no contact at the second particle 15 minutes after the first particle was contacted the test was terminated.
  • Example 5 demonstrates that addition of attractant pheromone to a bait particle significantly decreases the time it takes fire ants to discover it.
  • the pheromone was applied to already formulated AMDRO bait particles, a procedure that is not commercially viable. All subsequent paired bait particle assays were formulated by a procedure that would be used for commercial purposes. Neat pheromone was weighed and an appropriate amount of phagostimulant oil was added to give a solution containing IQE of racemic invictolide in 0.61 ul. Pregel defatted corn grits were sieved as described in Example 1. Then 0.61 ul of the pheromone/oil formulation were applied to each grit.
  • pheromone/bait preparation For large scale pheromone/bait preparation an appropriate amount of pheromone is added to and dissolved in soybean oil or any other appropriate phagostimulant/active ingredient solvent such as corn oil or peanut oil. This is thoroughly mixed and sprayed onto an appropriate carrier such as pregel defatted corn grits (PDCG) via a hand charged sprayer or other commercially available apparatus. The spraying process is conducted while the carrier is being mixed by rotation or other suitable means. After the specified amount of pheromone/phagostimulant is added to the carrier, the formulation is mixed for another 1 to 4 hours to insure uniform distribution.
  • soybean oil or any other appropriate phagostimulant/active ingredient solvent such as corn oil or peanut oil.
  • PDCG pregel defatted corn grits
  • Example 6 In order to determine if bait discovery enhancement is dependent on location or the type of fire ant population (monogyne or polygyne) , the procedure of Example 6 was repeated using 3 locations which had different types of fire ant population. The sites were (1) Gator Getaway (development southwest of Gainesville, Florida) which has a polygyne population of fire ants; (2) Lake Alice perimeter (University of Florida campus) which has a monogyne population; and, (3) SW 23rd Terrace which has an unpredictable mixture of monogyne and polygyne colonies.
  • Gator Getaway development southwest of Gainesville, Florida
  • Lake Alice perimeter Universality of Florida campus
  • SW 23rd Terrace which has an unpredictable mixture of monogyne and polygyne colonies.
  • Racemic invictolide enhanced AMDRO fire ant bait and standard AMDRO fire ant bait were prepared as in Example 5.
  • the particles were treated with 0.61 ul of soybean oil with hydramethylnon containing 1 queen equivalent of the pheromone.
  • Controls were treated with 0.61 ul of soybean oil with hydramethylnon.
  • the laboratory studies were set up as described above in Example 3.
  • the AMDRO bait contained 33.3% of the standard hydramethylnon concentration.
  • the field studies were conducted on pasture land. The pasture was first observed for the type of fire ant population present (monogyne versus polygyne) . Mound size, height, and worker ant size distribution were recorded for each field site to get a preliminary idea of the population. Mature polygyne populations have primarily minor workers with only a few major workers, whereas, colonies in monogyne populations have a range of worker sizes from minor to major. In addition, small sub-colonies from at least three different mounds were taken from various locations in each of the test fields. The sub-colonies were tested for their monogyne or polygyne status via an aggression assay (Morel, et.
  • the field could be reliably determined to be either monogyne, polygyne, or a mixed population.
  • Mixed population fields and fields where populations of Solenopsis invicta and ____ ⁇ eminata were found together were not used in this study.
  • the mounds of a matched pair had to be at least 15m apart.
  • the area to be treated was physically marked with stakes.
  • the hydra ethylnon-oil was diluted to 33.3% active ingredient using the blank oil.
  • Half the 33.3% hydramethylnon strength oil was dosed with racemic invictolide (neat) at approximately 3.33 QE per bait particle.
  • the oils were then added to the blank corn grits at a 20% by weight loading, shaken thoroughly, and left to equilibrate at room temperature overnight or longer.
  • One of the mounds of a pair was randomly assigned a treatment, AMDRO or AMDRO plus pheromone.
  • the second mound of the pair received the opposite treatment.
  • the pairs were treated at as close to the same time as possible, usually within 15 minutes of each other.
  • Applications were made with an inexpensive broadcast spreader (Central Quality Industries, Polo., Illinois) that had the hopper and opening significantly reduced. Prior to treatment, flags were positioned starting ca.l meter from one apex and then ca. every 2 meters until reaching the other side (application on that side was also ca.l meter from the edge) . Eight passes were made with the applicator, guided by the flags marking two opposite edges of the square.
  • Bait was applied at the outer edges first, moving inward toward the center of the plot until the final two passes were delivered on either side of the mound. Bait was applied at a rate in agreement with the dose specified on the label (between 1 and 1.5 lbs per acre) .
  • Mounds were checked at regular intervals after application to look for changes in the Population Index. Generally, evaluations were made after 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 days. Twenty one days was usually enough time to decrease the mound population below 10%, at which time the experiment terminated. The Population Index was determined as described above. Each mound was considered separately during the evaluation process (the rank of one mound in a pair was not linked with the other) . Because the mounds were not paired in order, the treatment of the mound was not known at the data readings, so the observations were made without knowledge of the treatment used. Population readings in the field were also taken independently of their previous reading, then checked afterwards for any gross inconsistencies with previous data.
  • Figure 16 shows that fire ant colonies in the field are retrieving less than one third of bait presented to them when compared to laboratory generated concentration/activity curves. This may not be so surprising when one considers that at the application rate used (one pound of bait per acre) , there are 460,000 bait particles per acre. This requires 460,000 independent discoveries by the foraging workers to achieve 100% efficiency.
  • the fire ant is discovering and retrieving a higher percentage of the pheromone enhanced bait compared to non-enhanced bait as can be seen in Figure 17.
  • pheromone enhancement does not just get the fire ant to bait particles faster than they normally would, but it also increases the number of bait particles discovered.
  • pitfall traps (8 per plot) were set out for 24 hours twice a week, throughout the test period to determine the effect of the treatments on non-target ant species and to follow the decline in the target, fire ant, population. Pitfall traps results are another measure of population.
  • Figure 18 shows the population reduction 43 days after treatment. Significant reduction in the fire ant population occurred for all treatments; however, full strength AMDRO and one third the standard amount of active ingredient plus racemic invictolide 1/3AI+P) gave better population reduction than simply the 1/3 Al AMDRO.
  • Pheromone enhanced bait particles were prepared as described above using racemic invictolide at 1 queen equivalent. The particles were placed in 2ml screw cap vials and capped with a foil lined lid. The vials were stored at room temperature (24-27°C) . Periodically the samples were removed for chemical analysis and olfactometer bioassay.
  • the chemical analysis was carried out as follows. A bait particle was placed in a small tissue grinder tube and about 0.5ml of hexane added. Then lOOul of a 0.0001% hexane solution of n- tetradecane was added as an internal standard. The bait particle was ground thoroughly and the hexane extract filtered through a Pasteur pipet plugged with sylanized glass wool. The filtered solution was evaporated under nitrogen to about lOOul and transferred to a GC autosampler vial containing a lOOul insert. Samples were injected into the GC via a Leap Technologies Autosampler.
  • GC analyses were carried out on a Varian 3700 gas chromatograph (Walnut Creek, CA) equipped with a flame ionization detector, split/splitless injector, and a 30 m x 0.32 mm ID, DB-1 fused silica capillary column (J&W Scientific, Inc., Collinso Cordova, CA) .
  • Helium was used as the column carrier gas, and nitrogen was used as make-up gas.
  • the oven temperature program was 100°C to 150°C at 5°/min.
  • the detector temperature was set at 300°C and the injector temperature set at 170 C.
  • the chromatograms were printed and peak areas calculated on a Maxima 820 data processor.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

On a découvert une composition à base de phénomones servant d'appâts, permettant de lutter contre certains types d'arthropodes, notamment les insectes sociaux nuisibles. Cette composition permet de réduire le pourcentage d'appât absorbé par les arthropodes non ciblés, ainsi que la quantité de substance toxique utilisée généralement pour lutter contre les insectes nuisibles. Le contrôle s'effectue au moyen d'un olfactomètre possédant deux chambres de sélection (2) reliées à une entrée de fourmi (6).
PCT/US1995/004906 1994-04-22 1995-04-21 Procede ameliore de lutte contre les insectes sociaux au moyen d'appats a base de pheromones WO1995028834A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU23926/95A AU2392695A (en) 1994-04-22 1995-04-21 Enhancement of insect control with attractant pheromones

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23121494A 1994-04-22 1994-04-22
US08/231,214 1994-04-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995028834A1 true WO1995028834A1 (fr) 1995-11-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1995/004906 WO1995028834A1 (fr) 1994-04-22 1995-04-21 Procede ameliore de lutte contre les insectes sociaux au moyen d'appats a base de pheromones

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2392695A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995028834A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7041210B2 (en) 1997-03-25 2006-05-09 Lifescan, Inc. Method of filling an amperometric cell
CN110934116A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-31 海南省粮油科学研究所 害虫嗅觉测试装置及检测物料对害虫嗅觉诱集效果的方法
CN112825836A (zh) * 2021-02-24 2021-05-25 金华市恒安生物技术有限公司 一种红火蚁防逃逸快速处理技术

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4835292A (en) * 1986-07-11 1989-05-30 Nitto Electric Industrial Novel optically active alcohol
US5152096A (en) * 1991-06-11 1992-10-06 Sandoz Ltd. Bait station

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4835292A (en) * 1986-07-11 1989-05-30 Nitto Electric Industrial Novel optically active alcohol
US5152096A (en) * 1991-06-11 1992-10-06 Sandoz Ltd. Bait station

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FLA. ENTO, 66(1), 1983, VANDER MEER, "Semiochemicals and the Red Imported Fire Ant", pages 139-161. *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7041210B2 (en) 1997-03-25 2006-05-09 Lifescan, Inc. Method of filling an amperometric cell
CN110934116A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-31 海南省粮油科学研究所 害虫嗅觉测试装置及检测物料对害虫嗅觉诱集效果的方法
CN110934116B (zh) * 2019-12-09 2021-11-05 海南省粮油科学研究所 害虫嗅觉测试装置及检测物料对害虫嗅觉诱集效果的方法
CN112825836A (zh) * 2021-02-24 2021-05-25 金华市恒安生物技术有限公司 一种红火蚁防逃逸快速处理技术

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2392695A (en) 1995-11-16

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