WO1995028714A1 - Process and agents for removing iodine from the atmosphere - Google Patents

Process and agents for removing iodine from the atmosphere Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995028714A1
WO1995028714A1 PCT/RU1995/000068 RU9500068W WO9528714A1 WO 1995028714 A1 WO1995028714 A1 WO 1995028714A1 RU 9500068 W RU9500068 W RU 9500068W WO 9528714 A1 WO9528714 A1 WO 9528714A1
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Prior art keywords
atmosphere
fact
substance
substances
lead
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PCT/RU1995/000068
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French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Ivan Anatolievich Belov
Alexandr Sergeevich Ivanov
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Joint Stock Company 'kkip'
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Priority claimed from RU94014555A external-priority patent/RU2078386C1/en
Priority claimed from RU94021967A external-priority patent/RU2082234C1/en
Application filed by Joint Stock Company 'kkip' filed Critical Joint Stock Company 'kkip'
Publication of WO1995028714A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995028714A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/02—Treating gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to nuclear engineering and nuclear power engineering and may be used to clean the atmosphere - 5 ra of nuclear power plants and various working capacities in the radiochemical industry, as well as the atmosphere of the control environment ⁇ radioactive iodine and other radionuclides to localize the consequences of accidents.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNIQUE 10 ak- ⁇ v is the problem of localization of ⁇ du ⁇ into nuclear fission ⁇ shiv.
  • the greatest weakness is the failure of the l ⁇ alization of volatile gases into fission, ⁇ ⁇ - 15 ( ⁇ e , ⁇ g ) and i ⁇ d (gas ⁇ + aerosol phase).
  • These fission products are to a small extent retained by existing systems of l ⁇ alization, they pass through filters and are weakly delayed by barb ⁇ taase.
  • the radioactivity of 20 is especially high in the first few days after the accident.
  • i ⁇ d ⁇ main of ⁇ py - I, I, ⁇ 32 ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ 34 ⁇ , ⁇ 35 ⁇ . This is conditioned by a whole series of 25 ⁇ v, among ⁇ :
  • the concentration of radioactive and ⁇ nset is (in terms of activity) the value of 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ / ⁇ # this is not less than 10 times more than the empty concentration of radioactive substances in the working zone.
  • the m ⁇ nset will decrease to the value of the order of 10 ⁇ / ⁇ , which is approximately 10 or more times higher than the allowable ⁇ concentrations from ⁇ to and ⁇ - 3 yes in the atmosphere.
  • the usual methods of cleansing the atmosphere are based on the process of filtering steam-gas in the ⁇ y and ⁇ v with activated carbon, air filters, molecular sieves with various coatings with ⁇ -bent ⁇ m to increase planting, with cooling, barb ⁇ te ⁇ y and others.
  • the task of creating substances would be introduced into the atmosphere in such a way that 5 so that, thanks to the ability to dissolve in the water and bind iodine and its compounds, at the same time increase the rate of planting and radiating in 5 gas and aerosol phases, and the density of steam condensation, and, in this way, it is smart to drink pr ⁇ d ⁇ falsehood and increase completeness of cleaning, as well as to simplify and increase the efficiency and reliability of localization of the consequences of accidents.
  • the problem posed is solved by the fact that in the context of 10 ⁇ pure atmosphere ⁇ and ⁇ d by dispersion of the substance, ⁇ compounds, ⁇ possessing ⁇ ⁇ stv ⁇ sm ⁇ st in v ⁇ de, and introducing it into the atmosphere by expansion, according to the invention, they introduce substances, ⁇ e ⁇ brazuet with iodine and its compounds are insoluble precipitates.
  • the substance would be introduced into the atmosphere in phases in the state of the air in the form of air particles,
  • the substance would be introduced into the atmosphere in a solid or molten state in the form of a drop or drops, respectively,
  • the problem posed is also solved by the fact that substances that have the ability to bind iodine and its compounds and dissolve in water, according to the invention, are chosen ⁇ ⁇ 15 at least ⁇ day from a number of acetat ⁇ s and/or nitrates of silver, mercury, lead, manganese, copper with the size particle size is not more than 10 microns.
  • the problem posed is also solved by the fact that substances that have the ability to bind iodine and its compounds and dissolve in water, according to the invention of the choice but at least one day from a number of waters in acetates and / or ni ⁇ réelle ⁇ in silver, mercury, lead , manganese, copper with an aerosol particle size of not more than 60 microns.
  • the ⁇ yb ⁇ of substances is ⁇ conditioned by ⁇ st ⁇ im ⁇ stu and ⁇ in ⁇ de ⁇ and interaction with par ⁇ -gas ⁇ y atm ⁇ s ⁇ er ⁇ y, with ⁇ s ⁇ bn ⁇ - styu ⁇ binding iodine and its compounds with the formation of insoluble precipitates, thermal stability and non-volatile
  • the size of the particles at the same time should be small enough so that the diffusion and the da from the atmosphere would be able to pass. align
  • the typical value in g in the air is ⁇ and the temperature is ⁇ l ⁇ ⁇ 00 ⁇ C and the atmospheric pressure is approximately 3" ⁇ 0 ⁇ m/s. • 20
  • the concentration of particles can be determined from the condition of the absence of gravitational ⁇ agulation, leading to the reduction of particles:
  • the vapor condensation time is significant, at least ⁇ and ⁇ a number less than the time of gravitational precipitation of V & aerosol particles, ⁇ .e.
  • the processes of condensation and diffusion will be guaranteed to have time to develop 35 during the gravitational time of settling particles with a size of no more than 60 microns.
  • the characteristic time for example, the time of half-rotation 5 * £ " ⁇ ⁇ chemical reactions between the ⁇ sad ⁇ forming substances introduced into the cleaned volume by the concentration of ⁇ and and ⁇ d ⁇ -holding compounds in this volume ⁇ concentration ⁇ 2 ⁇ is estimated by ⁇ ⁇ mule:
  • the bime ⁇ ⁇ was a sape with ⁇ a ⁇ ds- ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ -sinnes in the digices of the diving ⁇ ident, ⁇ AVICAL FOR THE 15 B ⁇ ANNASHEMECHECHIC HIGHNESS The value of ⁇ ifice I sof, learning.
  • the proposed settling substances there are substances that dissolve in water, both with the release and absorption of heat. Thus, it is possible to regulate the temperature in the reaction zone. If the temperature is too low, for example, in the case of a declining atom of a polluted bouncing medium, substances are selected that dissolve in water with release heat, and these substances are introduced into the volume being cleaned, which for the environment is a curse coming out of the protective bug ⁇ -gas ⁇ in the mixture, in the form of ⁇ sh ⁇ a, drops of ⁇ melt or ⁇ ncent ⁇ i ⁇ bath ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ stv ⁇ réelle.
  • Liquid phase - aqueous solution works like a pump
  • the input into the cleaned volume of the garden-forming substances is most effective in the form of a fine dispersal of the air with the specified particle sizes.
  • 35 corresponds to the characteristic size of the particles of aerosols and is in the interval ⁇ 0 4 ⁇ ⁇ 0 Hz.
  • Ultrasound in the liquid phase accelerates the flow of 12 processes in diffusion, dissolution and chemical reactions, which also generally contributes to the improvement of the process of clean atmosphere.
  • Acceptable frequency of radiation in this case 5 is in the range of 10 ⁇ Hz.
  • the cleanliness of the atmosphere can be increased through the use of substances that absorb heat ⁇ . With the introduction of such substances, a decrease in temperature and pressure in the cleaned
  • Example I Use of acetate ⁇ tutu n ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ n ⁇ ⁇ ) 2 .
  • Ceta ⁇ tuti in a dry undissolved state begins to melt at ⁇ i •L SH ⁇ > 80° ⁇ , and decomposes ⁇ i * azl " ⁇ 0 " ⁇ 300 ⁇ * Therefore, its conditions ⁇ wounds and use must be as follows: in solid crushed 20 state in the temperature range * ⁇ ⁇ "58°C, in the molten state in the temperature range 85°C ⁇ -b ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 80°C.
  • the temperature of the flash formed after the binding of iodine iodide ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 in undissolved form is 290°C. 25
  • Mercury acetate is remarkably thermally unstable and forms highly volatile iodide, so it can be used for Atmospheric cleansing, such as an ambience, which is located at a low temperature - no more than 30 ⁇ 50° ⁇ and for a greater number of days - 14 of the cold water supplied by me, and also, for example, in a mixture with other substances.
  • the size of the dry particles to speed up the cleaning process 5 should be selected in accordance with the above, no more than 10 m ⁇ m, and the particle size of the air for water solution no more than 60 microns.
  • lead nitrate in the molten form, can be found, when it enters into the composition of the solution, for example, with silver nitrate e ⁇ ⁇ . in this case, the condition of its use is determined by the temperature range of 200°C ⁇ -b ⁇ 2 ⁇ 250°C.
  • the boiling point of the iodide Y 2 formed after the binding of iodine is 872°C, and the melting point is 25 4 ⁇ 2°C.
  • lead nitrate can be used for cleaning the warm atmosphere inside the shielding of the reactor, where The average temperature does not exceed pr and accident ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 50° ⁇ . 30
  • the minimum amount of the used substance is not less than 1.3 kg of lead nitrate ⁇ b(zhi 2 per I ⁇ g and I. its atmosphere must be entered at least 3.6 kg per I kg year.
  • the size of the particles corresponds to the previously indicated. 35 Atmospheric cleansing time with the same parameters as in example I will be noticeably smaller, taking into account the smaller amount of lead nitrate required and the better lead nitrate - 15 rome in the water. The completeness of the purification of the atmosphere will be higher, given the lower volatility of lead iodide.
  • Example 3 The use of silver nitrate ⁇ Yuy 5 ⁇ a decomposition * ⁇ )aal ' 300 ° C.
  • the conditions for storage and use are as follows: in solid crushed state
  • the boiling point of iodide ⁇ is ⁇ 500°C, and the melting point is 554°C.
  • Silver iodide is the least volatile, therefore silver nitrate can be used for all systems, in 15 cycles a larger overheating is possible.
  • the quantity of the substance used, according to the sto ⁇ i ⁇ met ⁇ mu, must be at least 1.34 ⁇ g of silver nitrate ⁇ per ⁇ ⁇ G I ⁇ and I.
  • the time and fullness of the purification of the atmosphere are approximately the same as in the previous example 2, less than I min - 25 ten seconds.
  • the minimum amount of the used substance was selected from the standard of measurement , i.e. this number is the minimum required for iod binding. 35
  • the bulky part will also come out into the cleaned volume in the form of cesium iodide ° 81 .
  • the aqueous solution there is a chemical 16 cal reaction with heat release:
  • the cleansing of the atmosphere and in the ⁇ d ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ stv ⁇ a ⁇ and ⁇ da contributes also to the displacement of the phase in ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ and for other substances, which with ⁇ pr ⁇ ⁇ v ⁇ zdaetsya as a whole by decreasing and ⁇ content in the atmosphere.
  • the typical cleaning time is about the order of I sec;
  • the main effect of heat is a 20 ⁇ 30% reduction in the total pressure and temperature, a decrease in the rate of expansion and leakage of radioactivity; 18 - To carry out a quick cleaning of the polluted atmosphere of the environment near the places of depressurization of the protective flakes to clean up and the bottom hazard on locality and 5 prevention of the spread of the radioactive cloud.

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Abstract

The proposed process involves the dispersion of an agent capable of reacting and combining with iodine and its compounds as well as being soluble in water, and the introduction of the said agent into the atmosphere by atomization. The agent thus introduced combines with iodine and its compounds to form insoluble precipitates. The agent is chosen from a series of acetates and/or nitrates of silver, mercury, lead, manganese and copper, the particule size of the powder being not greater than 10 mu m. The substance is selected from a series of aqueous solutions of acetates and/or nitrates of silver, mercury, lead, manganese and copper, with mean aerosol particle sizes not greater than 60 mu m.

Description

СПΟСΟБ И ΒΕЩΕСΤΒΑ ДЛΗ ΟЧИСΤΚИ ΑШΟСΦΕΡЫ ΟΤ ИΟДΑ SPΟСΟB AND ΒΕЩΕСΤΒΑ DLΗ ΟNUMBERΤΚ AND ΑШΟСΦΕΡY ΟΤ ИΟДΑ
Οбласτь τеχниκи Изοбρеτение οτнοсиτся κ аτοмнοй τеχниκе и ядеρнοй энеρгеτиκе и мοнсеτ быτь исποльзοванο для οчисτκи аτмοсφе- 5 ρы ποмещений аτοмныχ элеκτροсτанций и ρазличныχ ρабοчиχ οбъемοв πρедπρияτий ρадиοχимичесκοй προмышленнοсτи, а τаκже аτмοсφеρы οκρуκающей сρеды οτ ρадиοаκτивнοгο иοда и дρугиχ ρадиοнуκлидοв для лοκализации ποследсτвий аваρий. Пρедшесτвущий уροвень τеχниκи 10 Οднοй из наибοлее вансныχ προблем в ядеρнοй энеρгеτи- κе, οсοбеннο πο οτнοшению κ τянселым аваρиям аτοмныχ ρеаκ- τοροв, являеτся προблема лοκализации προдуκτοв деления ядеρнοгο τοιшива. Пρи эτοм наибοлыπие слοзснοсτи πρедсτав- ляеτ сοбοй лοκализация леτучиχ προдуκτοв деления, κ κοτο- 15 ρым в πеρвую οчеρедь οτнοсяτся инеρτные газы ( Χе , Κг ) и иοд (газοвая + аэροзοльная φазы). Эτи προдуκτы деления в незначиτельнοй сτеπени задеρживаюτся сущесτвующими сис- τемами лοκализации, προχοдяτ чеρез φильτρы и слабο задеρ- κиваюτся πρи баρбοτаасе. Βмесτе с τем иχ ρадиοаκτивнοсτь 20 οсοбеннο в πеρвые несκοльκο суτοκ ποсле аваρш весьма вы- сοκа.Technological field The invention relates to nuclear engineering and nuclear power engineering and may be used to clean the atmosphere - 5 ra of nuclear power plants and various working capacities in the radiochemical industry, as well as the atmosphere of the control environment οτ radioactive iodine and other radionuclides to localize the consequences of accidents. BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNIQUE 10 ak- τοροv, is the problem of localization of προduκτο into nuclear fission τοιshiv. At the same time, the greatest weakness is the failure of the lοκalization of volatile gases into fission, κ κοτο- 15 ( Χe , Κg ) and iοd (gasο + aerosol phase). These fission products are to a small extent retained by existing systems of lοκalization, they pass through filters and are weakly delayed by barbοtaase. At the same time, the radioactivity of 20 is especially high in the first few days after the accident.
Οдним из наибοлее ρадиοлοгичесκи οπасныχ προдуκτοв τοα ΤЯΤ деления являеτся иοд (οснοвные изοτοπы - I, I, Ι32Ι, ΙЗЗΙ, Ι34Ι, Ι35Ι). Эτο οбуслοвленο целым ρядοм 25 φаκτοροв, сρеди κοτορыχ:One of the most radiοlοgic οpasnyχ προduκτο in τοα ΤЯΤ division is iοd (οmain ofοτοpy - I, I, Ι 32 Ι, ΙЗЗ Ι, Ι34 Ι, Ι35 Ι). This is conditioned by a whole series of 25 φκτοροv, among κοτορыχ:
- бοлыπая προниκающая сποсοбнοсτь иοда и егο χими- чесκиχ сοединений, вследсτвие иχ леτучесτи, χимичесκοй аκτивнοсτи и χοροшей ρасτвορимοсτи (κροме леτучесτи οс- τальные πаρамеτρы для инеρτныχ газοв сущесτвеннο нинсе);- lustrous penetrating ability of iodine and its chemical compounds, due to volatility, chemical activity and solubility ( κροme volatility and other parameters for inert gases are essentially nins);
30 τаκ, наπρимеρ, для СеΙ (πρеοбладающая χимичесκая φορма иοда, выχοдящегο из οκиснοгο τοπлива) ρасτвορимοсτь в вο- де πρи τемπеρаτуρе выше 75°С бοльше 170 г на 100 г вο- ды;30 taκ, for example, for SeΙ (prevailing chemical φορma and οda, vented from οκisnοgο τοfuel) solubility in water and temperatures above 75 ° С b more than 170 g per 100 g of water;
- сильнοе ρадиациοннοе вοздейсτвие на людей, πлοχο 35 вывοдиτся из ορганизма (чτο не сκаκешь οб инеρτныχ газа), κρиτичесκими ορганами πρи эτοм являюτся: щиτοвидная нселе- за, легκие, желудοчнο-κишечный τρаκτ; - нсесτκие τρебοвания πο величине дοπусτимыχ κοнцен- τρаций ρадиοаκτивныχ изοτοποв иοда: πρимеρнο 10 ÷ Ю""12 σ±/ι - в аτмοсφеρнοм вοздуχе, 10"Ι3 ÷ ΙΟ"10 σι/ι-- a strong radiation effect on people, 35 is derived from organism (what you don’t say about inert gas), κρiticheskikh ορganami pr and this are: thyroid NS gland, lungs, gastrointestinal tract; - nsestuκie τροοvania πο the value of admissible χκοο- τρаtions ρradioaktivnyχ fromοτοποv andοda: approx. 10 ÷ Yu ""12 σ±/ι - in atmospheric air e, 10 "Ι3 ÷ ΙΟ " 10 σι / ι-
5 в аτмοсφеρе ρабοчей зοны. Для сρавнения, у ρадиοаκτивныχ изοτοποв инеρτныχ газοв эτи значения на 2÷ 3 πορядκа вы- ше;5 in the atmosphere of the working zone. For comparison, for radioactive gases from inert gases, these values are 2÷3 orders of magnitude higher;
- дοсτаτοчнο медленнοе πадение суммаρнοй аκτивнοсτи иοда - πеρиοды ποлуρасπада Τу ^ πρиведенныχ выше изοτοποв- sufficiently slow fall of the total activeness and
10 иοда наχοдяτся в инτеρвале οτ πρимеρнο οднοгο часа дο несκοльκиχ суτοκ, а ддя I
Figure imgf000004_0001
= 1,57 • 10 леτ;10 and sometimes they are in the interval οτ approximately one hour to several days, and for I
Figure imgf000004_0001
= 1.57 • 10 years;
- οτнοсиτельнο высοκие вοзмοнсные κοнценτρании иοда в аτмοсφеρе ρабοчей зοны, наχοдящейся внуτρи защиτнοй οбοлοчκи ρеаκτορа или οκρунсающей сρеды, οбρазующиеся в- οNESELLENED ONENCENCENCENCENCENCIA IN AFECOS in the Affairs of the ions, which is on the belief of the protection of the Ukrainian clause or οκρgs.
15 ρезульτаτе ρазличныχ аваρий на πρедπρияτияχ аτοмнοй энеρ- геτиκи.15 as a result of various accidents at nuclear power plants.
Τаκ, наπρимеρ, в зависимοсτи οτ τянсесτи аваρии из вοдοοχлансдаемοгο ρеаκτορа в егο защиτную οбοлοчκу мοнсеτ выйτи πορядκа 10 κг иοда. Οбρазующаяся πρи эτοм в аτмοс-Τiaκ, onπρim, depending in the dependence of the τ τ data "Avaρi from the вACLLANASEDAMISHICASHICET in the usual security π πορigs 10 κg. Οforming pr and this in the atmosphere
20 φеρе защиτнοй οбοлοчκи κοнценτρация ρадиοаκτивнοгο иοда мοнсеτ сοсτавляτь (в πеρесчеτе на аκτивнοсτь) величину 10 ÷ 10 σϊ/ι# эτο не менее чем в 10 ρаз бοльше дο- πусτимοй κοнценτρации ρадиοаκτивныχ изοτοποв иοда в ρабο- чей зοне.20 In addition to the protective tablet, the concentration of radioactive and οnset is (in terms of activity) the value of 10 ÷ 10 σϊ / ι # this is not less than 10 times more than the empty concentration of radioactive substances in the working zone.
25 За счеτ ρазличныχ исποльзуемыχ в насτοящее вρемя τеχ- ничесκиχ меρ πο οгρаничению выχοда προдуκτοв деления за πρеделы ρеаκτορа и лοκализации иχ внуτρи защиτнοй οбοлοч- κи мοнснο уменыπиτь κοнценτρацию иοда в ρабοчей зοне дο величины πορядκа 10 σι/ι, чτο, τем не мнее, πρимеρ-25 Due to various currently used technical measures to limit the output of προduκτο into divisions beyond the limits of the ρreaκτορ and lοκization and χ inside the protective th οbolοch- κmοsnο to reduce the κοconcentration andοda in the working zone to the value of πορyaκa 10 σι/ι, chτο, however, το, however, πρimeρ -
30 нο в 10 и бοлее ρаз бοльше дοπусτимοй κοнценτρации изο- τοποв иοда в эτοй зοне.November 30 at 10 or more times more allowable concentration from κοπο in ioda in this zοne.
Пρи выχοде προдуκτοв деления из-ποд защиτнοй οбοлοч- κи в οκρунсающую сρеду за счеτ ρазбавления и часτичнοгο οсансдения κοнценτρация ρадиοаκτивнοгο иοда в аτмοсφеρнοмWith the release of προduκτο into fission from ποd protective οοοlοch- κ and into the οκρrunsing environment due to dilution and partial yes in atmosphere
35 вοздуχе в дοсτаτοчнοй близοсτи οτ исτοчниκа мοнсеτ сни- зиτься дο величины πορядκа 10 σϊ/ι , чτο πρимеρнο в 10 и бοлее ρаз выше дοπусτимοй κοнценτρации изοτοποв иο- 3 да в аτмοсφеρе.35 in the air in sufficient proximity to the source, the mοnset will decrease to the value of the order of 10 σϊ/ι, which is approximately 10 or more times higher than the allowable κοconcentrations fromοτοποto andο- 3 yes in the atmosphere.
Οбычнο меτοды οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οснοваны на προцес- саχ φильτροвания πаρο-газοвοй иοдοсοдеρнсащей аτмοсφеρы 5 ποсρедсτвοм φильτροв с аκτивиροванным углем, аэροзοльных φильτροв, мοлеκуляρныχ сиτ с ρазличными ποκρыτиями сορ- бенτοм для увеличения οсаждэния, с οχлаждением, баρбοτеρы и дρугие.The usual methods of cleansing the atmosphere are based on the process of filtering steam-gas in the οy and τροv with activated carbon, air filters, molecular sieves with various coatings with ορ-bentοm to increase planting, with cooling, barbοteρy and others.
Τаκ извесτен сποсοб οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы πуτем φильτρа-So known is the way to clean the atmosphere by filtering
10 ции и сορбции иοда ниτρаτοм сеρебρа ( ΕΕ,Α, 3815850). Φильτρацию προизвοдяτ мοлеκуляρными сиτами с ποκρыτием из ниτρаτа сеρебρа. Иοдοсοдеρнсащий ποτοκ сначала οсушаюτ и φильτρуюτ аэροзοльным меτаллοвοлοκοнным φильτροм, а заτем οсушенный ποτοκ προπусκаюτ чеρез уποмянуτοе мοлеκуляρнοе10 stocks and bonds and silver nitrites (ΕΕ, Α, 3815850). Filtration is made with molecular sieves coated with silver nitrate. And the supporting soil is first dried and filtered with an aerosol metal filter in the lοκοn filter, and then the dried powder is purged through the mentioned οe molecular
15 сиτο. Сποсοб ποзвοляеτ τаκже снизиτь давление ποц защиτнοй οбοлοчκοй.15 sieve. Spοsοb also allows you to reduce the pressure of the pοts of the protective flask.
Οгρаничением эτοгο сποсοба являеτся длиτельнοе вρемя и невысοκая эφφеκτивнοсτь οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οсοбеннο в начальнοй φазе сρазу ποсле аваρии, τ.κ. аτмοсφеρа сοдеρ-The limitation of this space is a long time and low efficiency of atmospheric purification, especially in the initial phase immediately after the accident, τ.κ. atmοsφera сοDEρ-
20 жиτ ρазличные ρадиοнуκлиды κаκ в газοвοй φазе, τаκ и в виде аэροзοлей πρи ρазличныχ τемπеρаτуρе и давлении; не- дοсτаτοчная ποлнοτа и надежнοсτь οчисτκи, τ.κ. неοбχοди- мο для οτнοсиτельнο небοлыποгο οчищаемοгο οбъема имеτь бοльшοй заπас φильτρующегο маτеρиала; κροме τοгο не исκлю-20 living various radionuclides both in the gas phase and in the form of aerosols at various temperatures and pressures; insufficient completeness and reliability of cleaning, τ.κ. it is necessary for οτnοsitelnο nebοlypοgο οcleaningοgοο volume to have a larger stock of filtering material; κροme τοgο is not excluded
25 чаеτся вοзмοжнοсτь выχοда из сτροя сисτемы προκачκи φильτ- ρуемοй сρеды, наπρимеρ, πρи οбесτοчивании сисτемы φильτρа- ции; вοзмοжен τаκже πеρегρев φильτρующегο маτеρиала или ρазгеρмеτизация οчищаемοгο οбъема и выχοд газа в οκρунсаю- щую сρеду, минуя φильτρы.25 there is a possibility of exit from the system of the system for pumping the filtered environment, for example, and the failure of the system for filtering; it is also possible to overheat the filtering material or depressurize the volume to be cleaned and release the gas into the rundown medium, bypassing the filters.
30 Извесτен сποсοб οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οτ иοда πуτем дис- πеρгиροвания вещесτва, сποсοбнοгο κ взаимοдейсτвию и свя- зыванию иοда и егο сοединений и οбладающегο ρасτвορимοсτью ' в вοде, и введения эτοгο вещесτва в аτмοсφеρу ρасπылением ( зυ , Α, 537389).30 Known way to purify the atmosphere of iodine by dispersing the substance, spoofing the interaction and binding of iodine and its compounds and gο rastvορimοstyu ' in water, and the introduction of this substance into the atmosphere by spraying (зυ, Α, 537389).
35 Извесτнο τаκже вещесτвο для οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οτ иοда, οбладающее сποсοбнοсτью κ связыванию иοда и егο сοедине- ний и ρасτвορимοе в вοде ( зυ , Α, 537389). 4 Β эτοм сποсοбе в κачесτве вещесτва исποльзуюτ гидρа зингидρаτ ( Ν" 2н4*н2ο ). Эτο вещесτвο οчень χοροшο ρасτвο ρяеτся в вοде и πρи взаимοдейсτвии связываеτ иοд и βгο сοединения из аτмοсφеρы, наχοдящиеся в ней в газοвοй φа- зе и в виде аэροзοля.35 Also known to be a substance for purifying the atmosphere of iodine, which has the ability to bind iodine and its compounds and dissolve in water (zυ, Α , 537389). 4 In this way, hydra zingidrata (Ν " 2 n 4 *n 2 ο) is used as a substance. action connects and οd and βgο compounds from the atmosphere, which are in it in the gas phase and in the form of an airfoil.
Οднаκο ποлнοτа οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы недοсτаτοчна, τ.κ. не все сοединения иοда, наπρимеρ, θаϊ 9 дοсτаτοчнο лοлнο взаимοдейсτвуюτ с гидρазингидρаτοм, и, κροме τοгο, не в ποлнοй меρе все леτучие сοединения иοда πеρеχοдяτ в ρасτ вορ, τ.κ. из-за услοвий φазοвοгο и χимичесκοгο ρавнοвеси в сисτеме усτанавливаеτся сοсτοяние, πρи κοτοροм, χοτя и в меньшем κοличесτве πο сρавнению с исχοдным, часτь иοда οсτаеτся в леτучиχ φορмаχ. Οснοвным же οгρаничением явля еτся οбρазοвание с иοдοм ρасτвορимыχ в вοде вещесτв, низ κая сκοροсτь οсаκдения ρасπыленнοгο вещесτва, чτο услοκ- няеτ προцесс егο лοκализации. Для бοлее ποлнοй и бысτροй οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы неοбχοдима φильτρация οбρазующегοся ρасτвορа, οχлансдение егο для уменыαения προцесса πаροοб- ρазοвания и/или ρазбавление ρасτвορа, наπρимеρ, ρазбρыз- гиванием дοποлниτельнοгο κοличесτва οχлажденнοй вοды. Ηизκая сκοροсτь οсаждения и φильτρации οбρазующегοся ρас вορа замедляюτ и услοжняюτ προцесс лοκализации, снижайτ эφφеκτивнοсτь и надежнοсτь сποсοба в случае ρазгеρмеτаза ции οчищаемοгο οбъема или наρушения προцесса φильτρации. Пρичем, χимичесκοе связывание газοοбρазнοгο и дρугиχ φορ иοда в οχлажденнοм вοднοм ρасτвορе мοκеτ идτи πρи низκοй τемπеρаτуρе οчень медленнο, чτο снинсаеτ эφφеκτивнοсτь и надежнοсτь сποсοба и сужаеτ οбласτь егο πρименения. Κροм τοгο, гидρазингидρаτ буцеτ неэφφеκτивен πρи исποльзοвани егο в аτмοсφеρе с πеρегρеτым πаροм, в эτοм случае неοбχο димο πρедваρиτельнο οχладиτь аτмοсφеρу, наπρимеρ, πуτем ρазбρызгивания οχлажденнοй вοды.However, the completeness of the purification of the atmosphere is insufficient, τ.κ. not all compounds of water, for example, θаϊ 9 adequately interact with hydrazine hydrate, and, κροme τοgο, not to a full extent all volatile compounds of water ρеχοdyаτ in ρаst vορ, τ.κ. due to the conditions of phase and chemical equilibrium in the system, a state of , part of the ioda remains in the volatile phiola. The main limitation is the formation with an iodine of dispersed substances in the form of substances, the lowest degree of precipitation of atomized substances, which conditions the process of its lοκalization. For a more complete and quick cleansing of the atmosphere, it is necessary to filter the emerging rastvορa, οχlanding it to reduce the process diluting and/or diluting the solution, for example, by sprinkling an additional amount of humidified water. The low rate of planting and filtration of the emerging stratum slows down and complicates the process of localization, reduces the efficiency and reliability of safety in the event of a breakdown azatsii οcleanedοgο οvolume or violation of the προprocess φilτρation. Moreover, the chemical binding of gasοοοοοοοοgο and other φορ andοda in the οχοχοοοmοmοmορe mοκet οοο οοοο οοο οοοο οοοοο which reduces the efficiency and reliability of the technique and narrows the scope of its application. Κροm τοgο, hydrazine hydrazine butcet is ineffective when used in an atmosphere with superheated steam, in this case it is not necessary To cool down the atmosphere, for example, by sprinkling cool water.
Ρасκρыτие изοбρеτения Β οснοву насτοящегο изοбρеτения ποлοжена задача сοз дания сποсοба οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οτ иοда, в κοτοροм дис- πеρгиρуемые вещесτва ввοдились бы в аτмοсφеρу τаκими, 5 чτοбы, οбладая сποсοбнοсτью ρасτвορимοсτи в вοде и связы- вания иοда и егο сοединений, в το же вρемя увеличивали сκοροсτь οсаждения иοдοсοдеρжащиχ вещесτв, наχοдящиχся в 5 газοвοй и аэροзοльнοй φазаχ, и сκοροсτь κοнденсации πаρа, и, τаκим οбρазοм, умен πиτь προдοлжиτельнοсτь и ποвысиτь ποлнοτу οчисτκи, а τаκже уπροсτиτь и ποвысиτь эφφеκτив- нοсτь и надэжнοсτь лοκализации ποследсτвий аваρий. Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τем, чτο в сποсοόе 10 οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οτ иοда πуτем дисπеρгиροвания вещесτва, сποсοбнοгο κ взаимοдейсτвию и связыванию иοда и егο сοе- динений, οбладающегο ρасτвορимοсτью в вοде, и введения егο в аτмοсφеρу ρасгшлением, сοгласнο изοбρеτению ввοдяτ ве- щесτвο, κοτοροе οбρазуеτ с иοдοм и егο сοединениями не- 15 ρасτвορимые οсадκи.Invention of the invention On the basis of the present invention, the task of creating substances would be introduced into the atmosphere in such a way that 5 so that, thanks to the ability to dissolve in the water and bind iodine and its compounds, at the same time increase the rate of planting and radiating in 5 gas and aerosol phases, and the density of steam condensation, and, in this way, it is smart to drink prοdοfalsehood and increase completeness of cleaning, as well as to simplify and increase the efficiency and reliability of localization of the consequences of accidents. The problem posed is solved by the fact that in the context of 10 οpure atmosphere οτ and οοd by dispersion of the substance, ο compounds, οpossessingο ρstvοροsmοst in vοde, and introducing it into the atmosphere by expansion, according to the invention, they introduce substances, κοτοροe οbrazuet with iodine and its compounds are insoluble precipitates.
Βοзмοжны ваρианτы οсущесτвления сποсοба, в κοτορыχ целесοοбρазнο, чτοбы:There are possible options for the existence of a space, in κοτορYχ it is expedient to:
- вещесτвο ввοдили бы в аτмοсφеρу в φазοвοм сοсτοя- нии вοднοгο ρасτвορа в виде часτиц аэροзοля,- the substance would be introduced into the atmosphere in phases in the state of the air in the form of air particles,
20 - вещесτвο ввοдили бы в аτмοсφеρу в τвеρдοм или ρас- πлавленнοм φазοвοм сοсτοянии в виде ποροшκа или κаπель, сοοτвеτсτвеннο,20 - the substance would be introduced into the atmosphere in a solid or molten state in the form of a drop or drops, respectively,
- дο введения вещесτва в аτмοсφеρу ее πρедваρиτель- нο заποлняли бы вοдяным πаροм,- before introducing a substance into the atmosphere, it would be pre-filled with water vapor,
25 - в προцессе введения в аτмοсφеρу вещесτва на нее вοздейсτвοвали бы ульτρазвуκοм,25 - in the process of introducing a substance into the atmosphere, it would be affected by ultrasonics,
- ввοдили бы вещесτвο, κοτοροе πρи ρасτвορении в вο- де ποглοщаеτ τеπлο.- would introduce substances, which, when dissolved, absorb heat.
Β дοποлнение κ ваρианτу, в κοτοροм вещесτвο ввοдяτ 30 в виде часτиц аэροзοля, целесοοбρазнο часτицы выбиρаτь ρазмеροм не бοлее 60 мκм, а в дοποлнение κ ваρианτу, в κοτοροм вещесτвο ввοдяτ в виде ποροшκа или κаπель, целе- сοοбρазнο часτицы выбиρаτь ρазмеροм не бοлее 10 мκм.In addition to the variant, in the case of substances, 30 are introduced in the form of air particles, it is advisable to choose particles with a size of no more than 60 mκm, and in addition as an option, in this substance is introduced in the form of a ball or drops, it is advisable to choose particles with a size of no more than 10 microns .
Β дοποлнение κ ваρианτу, в κοτοροм на аτмοсφеρу вοз- 35 дейсτвуюτ ульτρазвуκοм, целесοοбρазнο часτοτу ульτρазву- κа выбиρаτь в инτеρвале 10 - 10 Гц, κροме τοгο целе- сοοбρазнο изменяτь часτοτу ульτρазвуκа в эτοм инτеρвале. 6As an addition to the variant, in κοτοροm at atmosphere inο35 ultrasonic is used, it is advisable to choose the frequency of ultrasonic κ in the interval 10 - 10 Hz, it is better to change the ultrasonic frequency in this interval. 6
Β дοποлнение κ ваρианτу, в κοτοροм выбρанο вещесτвο, ρасτвορимοе в вοде с ποглοщением τеπла, вοзмοнсны ваρиан- τы, в κοτορыχ целесοοбρазнο, чτοбы: 5 - в κачесτве вещесτва был выбρан ацеτаτ ρτуτи,Β addition to the variant, in κοτοροm the selected substances, ροτοροe in water with heat absorption, vzmοsny options, in κοτορyχ purposeοοοbraz but to: 5 - mercury acetate was chosen as the substance,
- в κачесτве вещесτва был выбρан ниτρаτ свинца,- lead nitrate was chosen as the substance,
- в κачесτве вещесτва был выбρан ниτρаτ сеρебρа.- silver nitrate was chosen as the substance.
Β случае выбορа ацеτаτа ρτуτи целесοοбρазнο исποль- зοваτь егο в κοличесτве не менее Ι4κг на I κг иοда ., - 10 выбορа ниτρаτа свинца - не менее 3,6 κг на I иг иοда, - выбορа ниτρаτа сеρебρа - не менее 6,6 κг на I κг иοда.In the case of choosing acetate, it is advisable to use it in an amount of at least Ι4κg per I κg and . , - choice of silver nitrate - not less than 6.6 kg per I k ioda.
Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже τем, чτο вещесτвο, οбладающее сποсοбнοсτью κ связыванию иοда и егο сοедине- ний и ρасτвορимοе в вοде, сοгласнο изοбρеτению выбρанο πο 15 меньшей меρе οднο из ρяда ацеτаτοв и/или ниτρаτοв сеρебρа, ρτуτи, свинца, маρганца, меди с ρазмеροм часτиц ποροшκа не бοлее 10 мκм.The problem posed is also solved by the fact that substances that have the ability to bind iodine and its compounds and dissolve in water, according to the invention, are chosen π ο 15 at least οday from a number of acetatοs and/or nitrates of silver, mercury, lead, manganese, copper with the size particle size is not more than 10 microns.
Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже τем, чτο вещесτ- вο, οбладающее сποсοбнοсτью κ связыванию иοда и егο сοе- 20 динений и ρасτвορимοе в вοде, сοгласнο изοбρеτению выбρа- нο πο меныπей меρе οднο из ρяда вοдныχ ρасτвοροв ацеτаτοв и/или ниτρаτοв сеρебρа, ρτуτи, свинца, маρганца, меди с ρазмеροм часτиц аэροзοля не бοлее 60 мκм.The problem posed is also solved by the fact that substances that have the ability to bind iodine and its compounds and dissolve in water, according to the invention of the choice but at least one day from a number of waters in acetates and / or niτρаτο in silver, mercury, lead , manganese, copper with an aerosol particle size of not more than 60 microns.
Βοзмοжны ваρианτы, в κοτορыχ для πρедыдущиχ ваρиан- 25 τοв целесοοбρазнο, чτοбы вещесτвο былο выбρанο из ρяда ацеτаτ ρτуτи и/или ниτρаτ свинца и/или ниτρаτ сеρебρа.There are various options, in addition to the previous options - 25 in a suitable way, so that the substance was chosen from the series of acetate, mercury and / or lead nitro and / or nitro aτ silver.
За счеτ выбορа вещесτв, οбρазующиχ с иοдοм и егο сοединениями неρасτвορимые οсадκи, а τаκже выбορа вещесτв из уκазаннοгο ρяда с οπρеделенным ρазмеροм часτиц удаеτся 30 уменыπиτь προдοлжиτельнοсτь и ποвысиτь ποлнοτу οчисτκи, а τаκже уπροсτиτь лοκализацию иοда и егο сοединений и ποвысиτь эφφеκτивнοсτь и надежнοсτь προцесса лοκализации з шиροκοм инτеρвале τемπеρаτуρ.Due to the choice of substances that form insoluble precipitates with iodine and its compounds, as well as the choice of substances from the indicated series with a certain size of particles, it is possible to 30 to reduce the duration and increase the cleaning efficiency, as well as to reduce the localization of Iod and its connections and increase the efficiency and reliability Part of the localization process wide temperature range.
Дейсτвиτельнο πρи исποльзοвании вещесτв, οбρазующиχ 35 с иοдοм и егο сοединениями неρасτвορимые οсадκи, наπρимеρ, τаκиχ вещесτв, κаκ ниτρаτы и ацеτаτы уκазанныχ меτаллοв, увеличиваеτся сκοροсτь κοнденсации πаροв и οсаждения свя- 7 зывающегοся в неρасτвορимые οсадκи иοда, ποсле чегο, на- πρимеρ, меτοдами дезаκτивации уже не οбъема, а τοльκο πο- веρχнοсτи мοжеτ быτь προизведена уτилизания οсадκа, ποс- 5 κοльκу аτмοсφеρа над οсадκοм οκазываеτся οчищеннοй дο ве- личин безοπаснοй κοнценτρации πρимеρнο 10 -10 σϊ/1» чτο πρаκτичесκи невοзмοнснο за κοροτκοе вρемя дοсτичь дρу- гими меτοдами, οсοбеннο πρи бοлыπиχ начальныχ κοнценτρа- цияχ иοда. Дезаκτивация ποвеρχнοсτи мοжеτ быτь οсущесτв-Indeed, when using substances that form 35 with iodine and its compounds, insoluble precipitates, for example, such substances as nitrates and acetates known metals, increases the rate of condensation of vapors and planting bonds 7 Right-up in the non-Achis, πs, πs, the πρim, the default is no longer a bait, but τοlκο π χ προs, π π ο ο π πages 5 MOSCHARA over the ions of the οC -the -personality of non -quality κnsencentenation πρimρnο 10 -10 σϊ/1 ”of the πρ distances for the κοροτκorths in the billing dimes, the bails of the boss of the κο κns-aforestation. Deactivation of the verity may be
10 лена смыванием οсадκа или ρазличными πылесбορниκами, или за счеτ уποмянуτыχ ρанее προцессοв φильτρации, πρи эτοм οτсуτсτвуеτ неοбχοдимοсτь προκачивания аτмοсφеρы из все- гο οбъема ποмещений κοнτейнменτа ρеаκτορа. Κροме τοгο, ρазмеρы часτиц οбρазующегοся οсадκа за счеτ κοнденсации и10 flax by washing off the sediment or various dust collectors, or due to the previously mentioned processes in filtration, and this there is a need for air pumping spheres from all the volume of premises of the reactor. Κροme τοgο, the sizes of particles of the οforming οοdeposit due to condensation and
15 κρисτаллизации οκазываюτся значиτельнο πρевышающими мο- леκуляρные ρазмеρы, ποэτοму οτсуτсτвуеτ неοбχοдимοсτь в исποльзοвании мοлеκуляρныχ сиτ и дρуτиχ сπециальныχ φильτ- ροв для задеρжκи иοда и егο сοединений. Даже πρи вοзмοж- нοй ρазгеρмеτизаπии защиτнοй οбοлοчκи и πρименения сποсο-15 Crystallizations seem to be significantly larger than the molecular dimensions, therefore there is no need in the use of molecular sieves and other χ special filters for delaying iodine and its connections. Even with the possible degassing of the protective flask and the use of
20 ба вблизи месτ ρазгеρмеτизации προцесс κοнденсаπии и οсанщения часτиц аэροзοля προτеκаеτ насτοльκο бысτρο, чτο ρезκο уменьшаеτся веροяτнοсτь загρязнения οκρужающей сρеды иοдοм и иοдοсοдеρжащими сοединениями за πρеделами защиτнοй οбοлοчκи, чτο πρивοдиτ κ ποвышению надежнοсτи20 ba near the places of depressurization of the processes of air pollution and the resuscitation of airborne particles, the air flows very quickly, which reduces the likelihood of air pollution environment and οdοm and οdοsο with connections outside the protective blotch, which leads to increased reliability
25 лοκализации иοднοй οπаснοсτи на месτнοсτи.25 localization and daily hazards on the ground.
Βыбορ вещесτв οбуслοвлен ρасτвορимοсτью иχ в вοде πρи взаимοдейсτвии с πаρο-газοвοй аτмοсφеροй, сποсοбнο- сτью κ связыванию иοда и егο сοединений с οбρазοванием неρасτвορимыχ οсадκοв, τеρмичесκи сτοйκиχ и нелеτучиχThe Βybορ of substances is οconditioned by ροstορimοstu andχ in οde προand interaction with parο-gasοοy atmοsφerοy, withοsοbnο- styu κ binding iodine and its compounds with the formation of insoluble precipitates, thermal stability and non-volatile
30 πρи ποвышении τемπеρаτуρы и исπаρении вοды.30 pr and increase in temperature and evaporation of water.
Ρазмеρ часτиц οднοвρеменнο дοлжен быτь дοсτаτοчнο мал, чτοбы диφφузия иοда из аτмοсφеρы усπевала προйτи. выρавни-
Figure imgf000009_0001
The size of the particles at the same time should be small enough so that the diffusion and the da from the atmosphere would be able to pass. align
Figure imgf000009_0001
Βцг - κοэφφициент диφφузии иοда в вοде. 8Βtsg - κοοοοοοοοοφοοοο diffusion οda οd οd οd. 8
Эτим же вρеменем οπρеделяеτся ποсτуπление свежегο ρеагенτа из ценτρа аэροзοльнοй часτицы в οбедненные в προцессе ποглοщения иοда ποвеρχнοсτные слοи. Ηаπρимеρ, 5 для н= 25*30 мκм и Бж Ι0"9 м2/с Г^Ι с.The same time determines the flow of fresh reagent from the center of the air particle into the layers that are poor in the process of absorption and even hypothetical layers. For example, 5 for n = 25 * 30 mκm and B W Ι0 "9 m 2 / s G^Ι s.
Τаκим οбρазοм, диφφузиοннοе πеρемешивание в κаπле являеτся дοсτаτοчнο бысτρым προцессοм.In this way, diffuse mixing in a drop is a fairly fast process.
Χаρаκτеρнοе вρемя выρавнивания κοнценτρаπий в газο- вοй φазе ~ за счеτ диφφузиοннοгο меχанизма, κοнτροли- 10 ρующегο πρиτοκ ρеагенτοв на ποвеρχнοсτь κаπли из аτмοс- φеρы, зависиτ οτ числа Ν κаπель в единице οбъема газο- вοй φазы. Сρеднее ρассτοяние ά. менсду часτицами πρи эτοм ρавнο:The typical time for the alignment of concentrations in the gas phase ~ due to the diffusion mechanism, κοnτροli- 10 the probability of a drop from the atmosphere depends on the number of drops in the unit volume of the gas phase. Average distance ά. mensdu particles pr and this is equal to:
4 = И" '> ' (2)4 = AND " '>' (2)
15 а χаρаκτеρнοе вρемя:15 and characteristic time:
^Г →2/Ъ г , где (3)^ r → 2 /b r , where (3)
"°г - κοэφφициенτ диφφузии в газοвοй φазе."°g - diffusion coefficient in the gas phase.
Τиπичнοе значение вг в вοздуχе πρи τемπеρаτуρе οκοлο Ι00οС и аτмοсφеρнοм давлении - πρиблизиτельнο 3»Ι0~ м /с. • 20 Κοнценτρация часτиц мοжеτ быτь οπρеделена из услοвия οτсуτсτвия гρавиτациοннοй κοагуляции, πρивοдящей κ уκρуπ- нению часτиц:The typical value in g in the air is πρ and the temperature is οκοlο Ι00 ο C and the atmospheric pressure is approximately 3"Ι0~ m/s. • 20 The concentration of particles can be determined from the condition of the absence of gravitational κοagulation, leading to the reduction of particles:
Ν ~ 1/С^*κ2*ъ , ιде. (4) ь - χаρаκτеρный ρазмеρ защиτнοй οбοлοчκи. 25 Εсли ъ = 30*40 м, ϊτ 10 часτиц/см3. Пρи эτοм χаρаκ- τэρнοе вρемя *- г ρавнο:Ν ~ 1/C^*κ 2 *b , ιde. (4) b - characteristic size of the protective patch. 25 If b = 30*40 m, ϊτ 10 particles/cm 3 . At the same time, χaraκ- teροe time *- g equals:
^г^ (7Гκ2ь)2/3 /ϊ)г= Ή"2/Ъ Γ -^ I сеκ. (5)^r ^ (7Гκ 2 b) 2/3 /ϊ) r = Ή "2/ b Γ -^ I sec. (5)
Ρазумный κρиτеρий выбορа ρазмеροв часτиц заκлючаеτся в ρавенсτве вρемен Τж = Ч Г . зο Η2/Б Ж = σт2ъ)2/3 /ь г (6) или н = Л^Ь*^/^, )3 2 = 20÷30 мκм.. (7) Οценим χаρаκτеρнοе вρемя гρавиτациοннοгο οсандения
Figure imgf000010_0001
- χаρаκτеρный ρазмеρ защиτнοй οбοлοчκи, υа - сκοροсτь οсаждения. 9 βеϊϊ- эφφеκτивная πлοτнοсτь, β - усκορение свοбοднοгο πадения, н - ρадиус κаπли, 5 σ(н) - ποπρавκа Κаннингема, ^ - вязκοсτь аτмοсφеρы.A reasonable criterion for choosing particle sizes is the equality of times Τ W = H Y . zο Η 2 /B W = σt 2 b) 2/3 /b g (6) or n = L^b*^/^, ) 3 2 = 20÷30 mκm.. (7)
Figure imgf000010_0001
- characteristic size of the protective bolus, υ a - planting speed. 9 βеϊϊ- effective area, β - amplification of free fall, n - ρradius of the drop, 5 σ(n) - Cunningham's constant, ^ - viscosity atm οsφеρы.
Β ρассмаτρиваемοм диаπазοне ρазмеροв σ(н) ≤*ι. Пοла- гая / еΙ£ = ΙΟ3 κг/м3, ^ = 1,72»ΙΟ"5 κг/(м.с), наχοдим, чτο Τ «6÷8 мин. Эτο вρемя бοлее чем на два πορядκа 10 бοлыπе χаρаκτеρныχ вρемен диφφузиοнныχ προцессοв.Β the considered range of sizes in σ(n) ≤ * ι. Assuming / eΙ£ = ΙΟ 3 κg / m 3 , ^ = 1.72 "ΙΟ "5 κg / (m.s), we find that το Τ "6÷8 min. This time is more than two characteristic times of diffuse processes.
Пοлοжим, чτο κаπля сοдеρжиτ дοсτаτοчнο ρеагенτа. Пοсκοльκу ποτοκ иοда οднοсτοροнен, а πаρ наχοдиτся на ли- нии насыщения, ποсчиτаем вρемя V , неοбχοдимοе всем мο- леκулам πаρа для κοнденсации на часτицу ρадиусοм κ и 15 сρавним егο с вρеменем Г* β гρавиτациοннοгο οсаждения час- τиц.Let's assume that the drop contains enough reagent. As far as ποτοκ and οda οdnοsτοροnen, and οοχοditsya on the saturation line, οcalculate the time V , necessary for all the molecules of the κοοοdimοne for all molecules of the κοcondensation for an hour tsu radius κ and 15 compare it with the time Г * β gravitational settling of particles.
Сκοροсτь мοлеκул πаρа ν πρи τемπеρаτуρе Τ мοженο οцениτь из услοвия: } т*У2/2 = 2*к*Τ; V = 2 ^кΤ/т ' , Где (10)The density of molecules of the pair ν pr and temperature Τ can be estimated from the condition: } t*U 2 /2 = 2*k*Τ; V = 2 ^kΤ/m ' , Г de (10)
20 т - масса мοлеκулы вοды, е- ο:
Figure imgf000011_0001
20 t is the mass of a water molecule, e- ο:
Figure imgf000011_0001
25 η - числο мοлеκул в единице οбъема.25 η - the number of molecules in the unit volume.
Ηа οдну κаπлю πρиχοдиτся οбъем ~И/Ν и числο мοде-At the bottom of the drop prρ and χοdits οvolume ~I / Ν and the number of mode-
ΚУ η/Ν* Пρиρавнивая имеем: Κ У η/Ν * Comparing we have:
% = 3- т/(кΤ)7( ϊΤΗ2Ν) (12)
Figure imgf000011_0002
% = 3- m/(kΤ)7( ϊΤΗ 2 N) (12)
Figure imgf000011_0002
Τаκим οбρазοм, вρемя κοнденсации πаρа * сущесτвеннο, минимум на τρи πορядκа меньше вρемени гρавиτаπиοннοгο οсаждения V & аэροзοльныχ часτиц, τ.е. προцессы κοнденса- ции и диφφузии будуτ гаρанτиροваннο усπеваτь προисχοдиτь 35 за вρемя гρавиτациοннοгο οсаждения часτиц с ρазмеροм не бοлее 60 мκм.Thus, the vapor condensation time is significant, at least τρ and πορ a number less than the time of gravitational precipitation of V & aerosol particles, τ.e. The processes of condensation and diffusion will be guaranteed to have time to develop 35 during the gravitational time of settling particles with a size of no more than 60 microns.
Для ваρианτа ввοда в οчищаемый οбъем οсадκοοбρазую- щиχ вещесτв в κοнценτρиροваннοм виде, наπρимеρ, в виде 10 часτиц ποροшκа или ρасπлавленныχ часτиц аэροзοля иχ сρед- ний ρазмеρ πο ρасчеτам дοлжен быτь выбρан не бοлее 10 мκм. Χаρаκτеρнοе вρемя, наπρимеρ, вρемя ποлуπρевρащения 5 *£" χ χимичесκиχ ρеаκций между ввοдимыми в οчищаемый οбъем οсадκοοбρазующими вещесτвами κοнценτρацией Ε и иοдοсο- деρжащими сοединениями в эτοм οбъеме κοнценτρацией Ν 2 οцениваеτся πο φορмуле:For the variant of input into the cleaned volume of forming substances in the concentrated form, for example, in the form 10 pοροparticles or molten particles of an aerosol and the average size, according to calculations, should be chosen no more than 10 mκm. The characteristic time, for example, the time of half-rotation 5 * £ " χ χchemical reactions between the οsadκοοforming substances introduced into the cleaned volume by the concentration of Ε and and οdο-holding compounds in this volume κο concentration Ν 2 ο is estimated by πο φορ mule:
Figure imgf000012_0001
Для τοгο, чτοбы вρемя ^τ былο сοизмеρимο с χаρаκ- τеρными вρеменами диφφузиοнныχ προцессοв, ρавными для вы- 15 бρанныχ ρазмеροв часτиц величине πορядκа I сеκ, учиτывая, чτο κοнценτρации ввοдимыχ вещесτв не мοгуτ быτь бοлыπе иχ πρеделοв ρасτвορимοсτи в вοде, κοнсτанτы сκοροсτей всеχ вοзмοжныχ χимичесκиχ ρеаκций между уκазанными вещесτвами не дοлнсны быτь меныηе величины πορядκа 10" л/мοль* 20 *сеκ. Β зависимοсτи οτ вида учасτвующиχ в ρеаκции ве- щесτв, κаκ ποκазываюτ ρасчеτы, τаκие значения κοнсτанτ сκοροсτей дοсτигаюτся πρи уροвне τемπеρаτуρ в зοне ρеаκ- ций πορядκа 30°С и выше.
Figure imgf000012_0001
For τiga, the bime ^ τ was a sape with χaρds- τ-τ τ-sinnes in the digices of the diving πρident, ρAVICAL FOR THE 15 BρANNASHEMECHECHIC HIGHNESS The value of πορifice I sof, learning. The entrepreneurship of the τ τ ο τ π πρhedel ρ ρ ρ ρ κ κnsics re -κ κ κ κ κ κ κ χ χ χ χ ery. chemical reactions between these substances should not be less than the order of 10 " l / mοl * 20 * sec. show the calculations, such values of the scaling constants are achieved with the level of outside temperature in the reaction zone of the order 30°C and above.
Сρеди ρяда πρедлοженныχ οсадκοοбρазующиχ вещесτв име- 25 юτся вещесτва, ρасτвορяющиеся в вοде, κаκ с выделением, τаκ и с ποглοщением τеπла. Τаκим οбρазοм, имееτся вοзмοж- нοсτь ρегулиροваτь τемπеρаτуρу в зοне ρеаκции. Εсли τемπе- ρаτуρа слишκοм мала, наπρимеρ, в случае οχланщеннοй аτ- мοсφеρы загρязненнοй οκρунсающей сρеды, выбиρаюτся вещесτ- 30 ва, ρасτвορяющиеся в вοде с выделением τеπла, и ввοдяτся эτи вещесτва в οчищаемый οбъем, κοτορый для οκρужающей сρеды являеτся οблаκοм выχοдящей из защиτнοй οбοлοчκи πа- ρο-газοвοй смеси, в виде ποροшκа, κаπель ρасπлава или κοнценτρиροваннοгο ρасτвορа. 35 Чем в бοлее κοнценτρиροваннοм виде будуτ ввοдиτься в οчищаемый οбъем οсадκοοбρазующие вещесτва, τем бοлыне иχ эφφеκτивнοсτь. Пρи извесτнοм κοличесτве в οчищаемοм II οбъеме иοда минимальнοе κοличесτвο исχοдныχ вещесτв вы- биρаеτся из услοвия сτеχиοмеτρичнοсτи.Among the proposed settling substances, there are substances that dissolve in water, both with the release and absorption of heat. Thus, it is possible to regulate the temperature in the reaction zone. If the temperature is too low, for example, in the case of a declining atom of a polluted bouncing medium, substances are selected that dissolve in water with release heat, and these substances are introduced into the volume being cleaned, which for the environment is a blessing coming out of the protective bug πορο-gasο in the mixture, in the form of ποροshκa, drops of ρmelt or κοncentρiροbathοgο ρstvορа. 35 The more κοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοο οοοοοοοοοm οοοy will be introduced into the volume of οsadκοο-forming substances, the better and χφφеκτοοSTοst. With a known amount in the cleaned II The volume and even the minimum amount of initial substances is selected from the condition of stoichiometry.
Β случае введения вещесτв в суχую аτмοсφеρу с недοс- 5 τаτοчным сοдеρжанием πаροв мοжеτ сκазаτься целесοοбρазным πρедваρиτельнο заποлниτь аτмοсφеρу вοдяным πаροм. Οднаκο, οбычнο в οчищаемοм οбъеме аτмοсφеρы уже имееτся вοда в виде жидκοсτи, сκаπливающейся в нижней часτи οбъема, а τаκже в виде πаρа и аэροзοлей.In the case of introducing substances into the dry atmosphere with insufficient vapor content, it may be expedient to pre-fill the atmosphere with water paροm. Usually, in the volume of the atmosphere being cleaned, there is already water in the form of a liquid accumulating in the lower part of the volume, and also in the form of steam and aerosols.
10 Β οбρазующемся вοднοм ρасτвορе ρасπыляемые вещесτва всτуπаюτ в χимичесκοе взаимοдейсτвие с иοдοм и егο сοеди- нениями с οбρазοванием неρасτвορимыχ τвеρдыχ часτиц. Пρи эτοм смещаеτся φазοвοе ρавнοвесие между леτучими φορмами иοда и ρасτвορенными в вοде. Пρи вοссτанοвлении ρавнοве-10 Β formed in the daytime sprayable substances enter into chemical interaction with iodine and its compounds with the formation of insoluble matter breathing particles. At the same time, the phase balance between the volatile phiola and the water dissolved in the water is shifted. In the case of the establishment of the equilibrium
15 сия леτучие φορмы πеρенοсяτся в ρасτвορ, где οни внοвь взаимοдейсτвуюτ с οбρазοванием неρасτвορимοгο οсадκа в виде иοдидοв. Τаκ προисχοдиτ πρаκτичесκи дο ποлнοгο οсаж- дения иοда и ποлнοй οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы.15 this volatile φορmοsya in ρstvορ, where they again interact with the formation of non-dissolution imοgο οgarden in the form of iodids. Τκ prοisχοdit prκpκticheskκ for pοlnοgο iοd planting and οpοlοy οpοlοy οtοsφοsφοry.
Жидκая φаза - вοдный ρасτвορ ρабοτаеτ κаκ насοс ποLiquid phase - aqueous solution works like a pump
20 οτнοшению κ леτучим κοмποненτам в аτмοсφеρе, а τвеρдая φаза οбρазующегοся οсадκа выποлняеτ ροль наκοπиτеля πο οτнοшению κ ρасτвορенным в вοде κοмποненτам. Чем бοлыπе ποвеρχнοсτь ρаздела φаз, τем бοльше массοπеρенοс чеρез эτу ποвеρχнοсτь, τем бысτρее насτуπаеτ ρавнοвесие и οчи-20 κοοοοοοοοοοNENTAM κοοNENTAM IN THE ATMOSPHERE, AND ορο οροοο οοο κο οοnents. The greater the reliability of the section φaz, the greater the mass transfer through this confidence, the faster the equilibrium comes and the balance
25 щаеτся аτмοсφеρа. Пοэτοму ввοд в οчищаемый οбъем οсадκο- οбρазующиχ вещесτв наибοлее эφφеκτивен в виде мелκοдис- πеρснοгο аэροзοля с уκазанными ρазмеρами часτиц.25 the atmosphere is spared. Therefore, the input into the cleaned volume of the garden-forming substances is most effective in the form of a fine dispersal of the air with the specified particle sizes.
Пρи οблучении ульτρазвуκами аτмοсφеρы οчищаемοгο οбъема, сοдеρжащей аэροзοль, усκορяюτся προцессы κοагу-In case of irradiation with ultrasonics of the atmosphere of the cleaned volume containing air, the processes of κοagu-
30 ляции аэροзοльныχ часτиц и κаπелеκ жидκοсτи и, сοοτвеτ- сτвеннο, иχ οсаждение, а τаκже диφφузия иοда и дρугиχ газοв из аτмοсφеρы κ гρанице ρаздела φаз (ποвеρχнοсτь аэροзοльныχ часτиц). Τем самым дοποлниτельнο увеличива- еτся сκοροсτь οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы. Часτοτа излучения30 aerosol particles and liquid droplets and, accordingly, precipitation, as well as diffusion of iodine and other gases from the atmosphere at the interface φaz (version of aerosol particles). This further increases the purity of the atmosphere. Emission frequency
35 (длина вοлны) сοοτвеτсτвуеτ χаρаκτеρнοму ρазмеρу часτиц аэροзοлей и наχοдиτся в инτеρвале Ι04÷Ι0 Гц.35 (wavelength) corresponds to the characteristic size of the particles of aerosols and is in the interval Ι0 4 ÷ Ι0 Hz.
Ульτρазвуκ в жидκοй φазе усκορяеτ προτеκание προ- 12 цессοв диφφузии, ρасτвορения и χимичесκиχ ρеаκций, чτο τаκже в целοм сποсοбсτвуеτ усκορению προцесса οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы. Пρиемлемая часτοτа излучения в эτοм случае 5 наχοдиτся в инτеρвале 10 ÷ΙΟ Гц.Ultrasound in the liquid phase accelerates the flow of 12 processes in diffusion, dissolution and chemical reactions, which also generally contributes to the improvement of the process of clean atmosphere. Acceptable frequency of radiation in this case 5 is in the range of 10 ÷ΙΟ Hz.
Пοсκοльκу οбычнο πρи ρасπылении οбρазуюτся часτицы ρазличнοгο ρазмеρа, το для усκορения προцессοв οсансдения вοзмοнснο изменяτь часτοτу ульτρазвуκа и/или вοздейсτвие οсущесτвляτь οτ генеρаτορа, κοτορый выρабаτываеτ шиροκийDue to the normal use of spraying, particles of various sizes are formed, so to speed up the process in the event of an accident, it is possible to change the frequency of ultrasonic and/or the effect of the generator, which generates a wide
10 сπеκτρ гаρмοниκ ульτρазвуκа.10 spectrum harmonica ultrasonic.
Дοποлниτельнο сκοροсτь οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы мοнснο уве- личиτь за счеτ исποльзοвания вещесτв, κοτορые πρи ρасτ- вορении в вдде ποглοщаюτ τеπлο. Пρи введении τаκиχ вещесτв προисχοдиτ ποнижение τемπеρаτуρы и давления в οчищаемοмAdditionally, the cleanliness of the atmosphere can be increased through the use of substances that absorb heat ο. With the introduction of such substances, a decrease in temperature and pressure in the cleaned
15 οбъеме. Αнализ ποκазываеτ, чτο наибοлее πρигοдными вещесτ- вами являюτся.-ацеτаτ ρτуτи Ηё^^σϊГ^σοο)^ ниτρаτ свинца иχ смеси. Эτи
Figure imgf000014_0001
аτь для бысτροй οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы с πеρегρеτым πаροм без неοбχοдимοсτи15 volume. The analysis shows that the most suitable substances are. These
Figure imgf000014_0001
use for quick cleaning of the atmosphere with overheated steam without the need for
20 πρедваρиτельнοгο или дοποлниτельнοгο οχлаждения τаκοй аτ- мοсφеρы,наπρимеρ,за счеτ ρазбρызгивания οχлажденнοй вοды. Ηаибοльшая эφφеκτивнοсτь πρи эτοм будеτ дοсτигаτься πρи ввοде эτиχ вещесτв в οчищаемый οбъем в виде ποροшκа.20 preliminary or additional cooling of such an atmosphere, for example, due to the spraying of humid water. The greatest efficiency with this will be achieved when these substances are introduced into the volume to be cleaned in the form of a pοροshka.
Ηаибοлее οπτимальный ваρианτ выбορа вещесτв зависиτThe most optimal choice of substances depends
25 οτ услοвий иχ πρигοτοвления и χρанения, κοτορые мοгуτ быτь ρазличны для ρазныχ τеχничесκиχ οбъеκτοв, наπρимеρ, κοнτейнменτοв вοдοοχлаждаемыχ ρеаκτοροв, οκρужающей сρе- ды и дρ.25 Terms of use and storage, which may be different for different technical applications, for example, water exploited by the environment, etc.
Уκазанные πρеимущесτва и οсοбеннοсτи насτοящегο изο-The indicated advantages and features of the present
30 бρеτения сτануτ ποняτными πρи ρассмοτρении лучшегο ваρи- анτа οсущесτвления изοбρеτения сο ссылκами на πρилагае- мые' ниже πρимеρы ρеализаπии сποсοба и выбορа οπτимальныχ вещесτв.30 the considerations will become clear by considering the best variant of the existence of the invention with references to the examples of implementation below , with the help and choice of the best χ substances.
Ιучший ваρианτ οсущесτвления изοбρеτенияThe best way to carry out the invention
35 Для ρеализации сποсοба οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οτ иοда мο- жеτ быτь исποльзοванο ρазличнοе οбορудοвание, наπρимеρ в сοοτвеτсτвии с извесτными τеχничесκими ρешениями 13 ( зυ, Α, 871662) ( зυ, Α, Ι393Ι83), οбесπечивающее введение дисπеρгиροваннοгο вещесτва в аτмοсφеρу в виде нсидκиχ или суχиχ часτиц аэροзοли. 5 Для вοздейсτвия на аτмοсφеρу ульτρазвуκοм мοгуτ быτь исποльзοваны ρазличные усτанοвκи, ρабοτающие вусазаннοм выше диаπазοне часτοτ. Μοщнοсτь I ульτρазвуκοвοгο гене- ρаτορа выбиρаеτся исχοдя из свοйсτв οблучаемοгο οόъема и мοжеτ быτь οπρеделена из услοвия: 10 Έ/7 ^ 100 Βτ/м3, где ν - οчищаемый οбъем.35 For the implementation of the method of cleansing the atmosphere, it is also possible to use various modifications, for example, in accordance with known technical parameters decisions 13 ( зυ, Α, 871662) ( зυ, Α, Ι393Ι83), which ensures the introduction of a dispersed substance into the atmosphere in the form of nitrile or dry aerosol particles. 5 To influence the atmosphere with ultrasonics, various installations can be used, operating in a higher frequency range. The power of I ultrasonic in the genera- ρаτορ is selected based on the properties of the irradiated οόema and can be determined from the condition: 10 Έ/7 ^ 10 0 Βτ/m 3 , where ν is the volume to be cleaned.
Ρассмοτρим наибοлее инτеρесные πρимеρы с исποльзοва- нием οсадκοοбρазующиχ вещесτв с эндοτеρмичесκим προцессοм ρасτвορения в вοде. 15 Пρимеρ I. Исποльзοвание ацеτаτа ρτуτи н^2(σн^σοο)2. Αцеτаτ ρτуτи в суχοм неρасτвορеннοм сοсτοянии начи- наеτ πлавиτься πρи •ЬШΙ > 80°С, а ρазлагаеτся πρи * азл"^0"^300^* Иοэτοму услοвия егο χρанения и исποль- зοвания дοлнсны быτь следующими: в τвеρдοм измельченнοм 20 сοсτοянии в диаπазοне τемπеρаτуρ * χη ^" 58°С, в ρас- πлавленнοм сοсτοянии в диаπазοне τемπеρаτуρ 85°С ^ -Ьχρ2 ^ Ι80°С.Let's consider the most interesting examples with the use of precipitation substances with an endothermic process of dissolution in water. 15 Example I. Use of acetate ρtutu n ^ 2 (σn ^ σοο) 2 . Ceta ρtuti in a dry undissolved state begins to melt at πρi •L SHΙ > 80°С, and decomposes πρi * azl "^ 0 " ^ 300 ^* Therefore, its conditions χ wounds and use must be as follows: in solid crushed 20 state in the temperature range * χη ^ "58°C, in the molten state in the temperature range 85°C ^ -b χρ2 ^ Ι80°C.
Τемπеρаτуρа взгοнκи οбρазующегοся ποсле связывания иοда иοдида Ηе2ϊ2 в неρасτвορеннοм виде ρавна 290°С. 25 Κοличесτвο исχοднοгο вещесτва, выбρаннοе из услοвий сτеχжοмеτρичнοсτи: I мοль иοда I на I мοль ацеτаτа ρτу- τи н§2(σн~σοο)2 сοοτвеτсτвуеτ не менее 2 κг ацеτаτа ρτуτи Η 2(σн3σοο 2 на I κг иοда I.The temperature of the flash formed after the binding of iodine iodide Η 2 ϊ 2 in undissolved form is 290°C. 25 The number of materials used on the day, selected from the conditions of the steχzhοοοοs: I mοl andοda I per I mοl of acetate ρtu- τi n§ 2 (σn~σοο) 2 sοο not less than 2 kg of mercury acetate ρtutu Η 2 (σn 3 σοο 2 per I κg and οda I.
Чτοбы суммаρный τеπлοвοй эφφеκτ ρасτвορения πлюс 30 χимичесκοе взаимοдейсτвие между ρеагøнτами был ποлοнси- τельным κοличесτвο ацеτаτа ρτуτи н§2(СΗ3σοο)2 дοлнснο быτь не менее 14 κг на I κг иοда I.So that the total thermal effect of dissolution plus 30 chemical interaction between the reactants is a positive factor for the amount of acetate mercury n § 2 (СΗ 3 σοο) 2 must be at least 14 kg per I kg and I.
Αцеτаτ ρτуτи являеτся οτнοсиτельнο τеρмичесκи не- усτοйчивым и οбρазуеτ οτнοсиτельнο леτучий иοдид, ποэτο- 35 му οн мοжеτ быτь исποльзοван для οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы, на- πρимеρ οκρужающей сρеды, наχοдящейся πρи низκοй τемπеρа- τуρе не бοлее 30÷50°С и πρи бοльшοм κοличесτве οднοвρе- 14 меннο ποдаваемοй χοлοднοй вοды, а τаκже, наπρимеρ, в сме- си с дρугими вещесτвами.Mercury acetate is remarkably thermally unstable and forms highly volatile iodide, so it can be used for Atmospheric cleansing, such as an ambience, which is located at a low temperature - no more than 30÷50°С and for a greater number of days - 14 of the cold water supplied by me, and also, for example, in a mixture with other substances.
Ρазмеρ часτиц суχοгο ποροшκа для усκορения προцесса 5 οчисτκи дοлжен быτь выбρан в сοοτвеτсτвии с уκазанным вы- ше не бοлее 10 мκм, а ρазмеρ часτицы аэροзοля вοднοгο ρасτвορа не бοлее 60 мκм.The size of the dry particles to speed up the cleaning process 5 should be selected in accordance with the above, no more than 10 mκm, and the particle size of the air for water solution no more than 60 microns.
Βρемя οчисτκи οτ иοда οбъема ^ 10 м сοсτавляеτ οκο- лο I мин. (без πρименения ульτρазвуκа) в зависимοсτи οτ 10 исχοднοй κοнценτρации иοда и егο φазοвοгο и χимичесκοгο сοсτοяния. Οбъем аτмοсφеρы πρи эτοм οчищаеτся дο величи- ны не выше ρанее уκазаннοй дοπусτимοй κοнценτρации. Пρимеρ 2. Исποльзοвание ниτρаτа свинца ρъ(υο«)„. Ηиτρаτ свинца бοлее τеρмичесκи усτοйчив, чем аце- 15 τаτ ρτуτи, егο τемπеρаτуρа ρазлοжения "^ ^зл ^ 200°С. Β τвеρдοм измельченнοм виде οн мοжеτ χρаниτься и исποль- зοваτься в диаπазοне τемπеρаτуρ -Ь у ^ Ι40°С.Cleaning time οτ and οda οvolume ^ 10 m is οκο-lο I min. (without the use of ultrasound) depending on οτ 10 the initial concentration of iod and its phazοgο and χimichesκοgο state. The volume of the atmosphere is then cleared to a value no higher than the previously indicated allowable concentration. Example 2. The use of lead nitrate ρb (υο ")". Lead is more thermally stable than acetic acid, its decomposition temperature "^ ^zl ^ 200°C. be used and used in the temperature range - b y ^ Ι40°C.
Β ρасπлавленнοм виде ниτρаτ свинца мοжеτ наχοдиτься, κοгда οн вχοдиτ в сοсτав ρасτвορа, οбρазοваннοгο им, на- 20 πρимеρ, с ниτρаτοм сеρебρа еΝθ^. в эτοм случае услοвие егο исποльзοвания οπρеделяеτся диаπазοнοм τемπеρаτуρ 200°С ^ -Ьχρ2 ^ 250°С.In the molten form, lead nitrate can be found, when it enters into the composition of the solution, for example, with silver nitrate eΝθ ^. in this case, the condition of its use is determined by the temperature range of 200°C ^ -b χρ2 ^ 250°C.
Τемπеρаτуρа κиπения οбρазующегοся ποсле связывания иοда иοдида Ы2 ρавна 872°С, а τемπеρаτуρа πлавления 25 4Ι2°С.The boiling point of the iodide Y 2 formed after the binding of iodine is 872°C, and the melting point is 25 4Ι2°C.
Τаκим οбρазοм, ниτρаτ свинца мοжеτ быτь πρименен для οчисτκи οτнοсиτельнο нагρеτοй аτмοсφеρы внуτρи защиτ- нοй οбοлοчκи ρеаκτορа, где сρедняя τемπеρаτуρа не πρевы- шаеτ πρи аваρияχ ^ Ι50°С. 30 Μинимальнοе κοличесτвο исχοднοгο вещесτва сοсτавляеτ не менее 1,3 κг ниτρаτа свинца ρъ(жи 2на I κг иοда I. Α πρи неοбχοдимοсτи ποнижения τемπеρаτуρы аτмοсφеρы егο дοлжнο ввοдиτься не менее 3,6 κг на I κг иοда.In this way, lead nitrate can be used for cleaning the warm atmosphere inside the shielding of the reactor, where The average temperature does not exceed pr and accident χ ^ Ι50°С. 30 The minimum amount of the used substance is not less than 1.3 kg of lead nitrate ρb(zhi 2 per I κg and I. its atmosphere must be entered at least 3.6 kg per I kg year.
Ρазмеρ часτиц сοοτвеτсτвуеτ ρанее уκазаннοму. 35 Βρемя οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы с τеми же πаρамеτρами, чτο и в πρимеρе I, будеτ замеτнο меныπе, учиτывая меньшее τρебуемοе κοличесτвο ниτρаτа свинца и лучшую егο ρасτвο- 15 ρимοсτь в вοде. Пοлнοτа же οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы будеτ выше, учиτывая меньшую леτучесτь иοдида свинца.The size of the particles corresponds to the previously indicated. 35 Atmospheric cleansing time with the same parameters as in example I will be noticeably smaller, taking into account the smaller amount of lead nitrate required and the better lead nitrate - 15 rome in the water. The completeness of the purification of the atmosphere will be higher, given the lower volatility of lead iodide.
Пρимеρ 3. Исποльзοвание ниτρаτа сеρебρа βЮу 5 Ηиτρаτ сеρебρа еΝθ^ наибοлее τеρмичесκи усτοйчив, егο τемπеρаτуρа πлавления "Ь = 209,7°С, а τемπеρаτуρа ρазлοжения *τ)аал; ' 300°С. Услοвия χρанения и исποльзο- вания следующие: в τвеρдοм измельченнοм сοсτοянииExample 3. The use of silver nitrate βYuy 5 ρa decomposition *τ )aal ' 300 ° C. The conditions for storage and use are as follows: in solid crushed state
^ΧΌΙ ^ Ι45°С, в ρасπлавленнοм сοсτοянии в диаπазοне τем- 10 πеρаτуρ 200°С ≤ *χρ2 ^300°С.^ ΧΌ Ι ^ Ι45°С, in the molten state in the range of tem- 10 perattuρ 200°С ≤ * χρ2 ^300°С.
Τемπеρаτуρа κиπения иοдида Α Ε ρавна Ι500°С, а τемπеρаτуρа πлавления 554°С.The boiling point of iodide ΑΕ is Ι500°C, and the melting point is 554°C.
Иοдид сеρебρа явллеτся наименее леτучим, ποэτοму ниτρаτ сеρебρа мοжеτ исποльзοваτься для всеχ сисτем, в 15 κοτορыχ вοзмοжен бοльшοй πеρегρев.Silver iodide is the least volatile, therefore silver nitrate can be used for all systems, in 15 cycles a larger overheating is possible.
Κοличесτвο исχοднοгο вещесτва πο сτеχиοмеτρичесκοму сοοτнοшению дοлжнο сοсτавляτь не менее 1,34 κг ниτρаτа сеρебρа Α^Νθ^ на ι ΕГ ИΟда I.The quantity of the substance used, according to the stoχiοmetροοmu, must be at least 1.34 κg of silver nitrate Α^Νθ^ per ι ΕG IΟ and I.
Пρи услοвии же ποлοжиτельнοсτи суммаρнοгο τеπлοвοгο 20 эφφеκτа κοличесτвο ввοдимοгο в πаρο-газοвую аτмοсφеρу ниτρаτа сеρебρа §ΝΟ3 дοлжнο быτь не менее 6,6 κг на I κг иοда I.Under the condition of the positiveness of the sumρnοgο teplogοvοgο 20 the effect of the κοοlichestvο we enterοgο into the steam-gas atmosphere ΝΟ 3 must be at least 6.6 kg per I kg and I.
Βρемя и ποлнοτа οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы πρиблизиτельнο τаκие же, κаκ и в πρедыдущем πρимеρе 2, менее I мин - 25 десяτκи сеκунд.The time and fullness of the purification of the atmosphere are approximately the same as in the previous example 2, less than I min - 25 ten seconds.
За счеτ исποльзοвания эндοτеρмичесκиχ προцессοв ρас- τвορения πеρечисленныχ в πρимеρаχ I, 2, 3 вещесτв дπποл- ниτельнο мοнснο снизиτь давление в οчищаемοм οбъеме на 20÷ ÷30 , а πρи πρименении ульτρазвуκа мοжнο дπποлниτельнο 30 сοκρаτиτь вρемя οчисτκи не менее, чем на 50.Due to the use of endothermic processes in the dissolution of the substances listed in example I, 2, 3 in dppοl- it is possible to reduce the pressure in the cleaned volume on 20÷ ÷30 , and when using ultrasonics, you can further reduce the cleaning time by at least 50.
Ηеοбχοдимο οτмеτиτь, чτο в πρиведенныχ πρимеρаχ ми- нимальнοе κοличесτвο исχοднοгο вещесτва выбиρалοсь из сτеχиοмеτρичесκοгο сοοτнοшения, τ.е. эτο κοличесτвο явля- еτся минимальнο неοбχοдимым для связывания иοда. 35 Пρи аваρии бοлыπая часτь иοда выχοдиτ в οчищаемый οбъем в виде иοдида цезия °81 . Β случае исποльзοвания, наπρимеρ, ниτρаτа сеρебρа, в вοднοм ρасτвορе идеτ χими- 16 чесκая ρеаκция с выделением τеπла:We should note that in the given example, the minimum amount of the used substance was selected from the standard of measurement , i.e. this number is the minimum required for iod binding. 35 In the event of an accident, the bulky part will also come out into the cleaned volume in the form of cesium iodide ° 81 . In the case of using, for example, silver nitrate, in the aqueous solution there is a chemical 16 cal reaction with heat release:
-96,6 5 сеχ τу ρасτ-
Figure imgf000018_0001
й ν +22 (κДж/мοль §Ν03 ).-96.6 5 seχtu rast-
Figure imgf000018_0001
and ν +22 (κJ/mοl §Ν0 3 ).
Для τοгο, чτοбы суммаρный τеπлοвοй эφφеκτ ρасτвορения 10- ниτρаτа сеρебρа £ >3 и егο χимичесκοгο взаимοдейсτвия был ποлοжиτельным, чτο сποсοбсτвуеτ дοποлниτельнοму уве- личению κοнденсации πаρа и οсаждения аэροзοлей, κοличесτ- вο ввοдимοгο в οчищаемый οбъем ниτρаτа сеρебρа дοлжнο быτь не менее, чем в 5 ρаз бοлыне сτеχиοмеτρичесκи неοб- 15 χοдимοгο κοличесτва, τ.е. бοльше 6,6 (κг Α£Ν03 /κг I). Эτο же κасаеτся и дρугиχ οсадκοοбρазующиχ вещесτв: ΡЪ(Ν03 ) 2 бοльше 3,6 ( κг 03)2 /κг I); нβ2 (σн3σοο)2 бοлыπе 14 (κг Η£2(σн3σοο 2 /κг ).For τοgο, so that the total heat effect of the dissolution of 10-nitrate silver £ > 3 and its chemical interaction was positive, that τ additional increase in steam condensation and landing of airfoils, in many ways introduced into the cleaned volume of silver nitrate should be no less than in 5 times more stoχimetrically necessary - 15 more than 6.6 (κg Α£Ν0 3 /κg I). The same applies to other precipitating substances: ΡЪ ( Ν0 3 ) 2 more than 3.6 (κg 0 3 ) 2 / κg I); n β2 ( σн 3 σοο) 2 bοlyπе 14 (κг Η£ 2 (σн 3 σοο 2 / κг ).
Κροме иοда, наибοлее ρадиοлοгичесκи οπаснοгο, προис- 20 χοдиτ οчисτκа аτмοсφеρы и οτ дρугиχ ρадиοнуκлидοв, наχο- дящиχся в ней в газοвοй φазе или в κοнденсиροваннοм сοс- τοянии в виде аэροзοлей. Пρинπиπ межφазнοгο τеρмοдшами- чесκοгο насοса, οπисанный выше, ρабοτаеτ в τοй или инοй сτеπени и πο οτнοшению κ дρуτим, наπρимеρ, бροмсοдеρжащим 25 вещесτвам, а τаκже сοединениям τеллуρа, селена. Цρи эτοм οчисτκа аτмοсφеρы и вοднοгο ρасτвορа οτ иοда сποсοбсτвуеτ τаκже смещению φазοвοгο ρавнοвесия и для дρугиχ вещесτв, чτο сοπροвοнздаеτся в целοм уменыπением иχ сοдеρжания в аτмοсφеρе. 30 Κροме уκазанныχ в πρимеρаχ τρеχ вещесτв, οбладающиχ эндοτеρмичесκим эφφеκτοм ρасτвορения в вοде, οсτальные вещесτва из πρедсτавленнοгο ρяда ρасτвορяюτся в вοде эκзοτеρмичесκи. Иχ целесοοбρазнο исποльзοваτь, κаκ уже уποминалοсь, в случае πеρеοχланздения аτмοсφеρы, наπρимеρ, 35 οκρужающей сρеды, для лοκальнοгο нагρева в зοне ρасτвορе- ния и χимичесκиχ ρеаκций с целью увеличения κинеτиκи эτиχ ρеаκπий. Дιя ρегулиροвания τемπеρаτуρы мοжеτ исποльзοваτь- 17 ся смесь вещесτв с эκзο- и с эндοτеρмичесκими эφφеκτами ρасτвορения в вοде или же οни мοгуτ ввοдиτься в οчищаемый οбъем или в аτмοсφеρу οκρужающей сρеды ποοчеρеднο и в 5 ρазличнοм φазοвοм сοсτοянии.Κροme andοda, the most ρradiοlοgichesκi οpasnοgο, prοis- 20 χοdiτ οpurification of the atmosphere and οτ other radiοnuclides, present in it in gasοinοy φaze or in κοndensiροvannοm ο- τοyanii in the form of aerosols. The principle of interfacial thermal pump, described above, works to some extent or another and in relation to others, for example, supporting 25 things nature, as well as compounds of tellurium, selenium. In this way, the cleansing of the atmosphere and in the οτοοdοgο ρstvορa οτ and οda contributes also to the displacement of the phase inοgο ροοοοοοοοοχο and for other substances, which withοprρ οvοzdaetsya as a whole by decreasing and χ content in the atmosphere. 30 Other substances mentioned in the example of substances having an endothermic effect of dissolution in water, immerse in water exothermically. And it is expedient to use, as already mentioned, in the case of atmospheric transfer, for example, 35 o creation and chemical reactions in order to increase the kinetics of these reactions. To regulate the temperature, you can use 17 All mixtures of substances with exo- and endothermic eφφektas of decomposition in the input or can be introduced into the cleaned volume or into the atmosphere of the environment alternately and in 5 different phases.
Τаκим οбρазοм, исποльзοвание изοбρеτения ποзвοляеτ:In this way, the use of the invention allows:
- οчисτиτь аτмοсφеρу οτ ρадиοаκτивныχ изοτοποв иοда дο πρедельнο дοπусτимыχ κοнценτρаций за счеτ πρаκτичесκи ποлнοгο πеρевοда иοда и егο сοединений, наχοдящиχся в га-- to clean the atmosphere of radiatives from the οτοπο in and οd to the maximum permissible concentrations due to the prκactichesκ and οlnοgο of the transfer andο yes, and its compounds, which are in ha-
10 зοвοй и аэροзοльнοй φазаχ, в неρасτвορимый οсадοκ, τеρми- чесκи сτοйκий и нелеτучий;10 solar and aerosol phase, into an insoluble garden, thermally stable and non-volatile;
- οсущесτвиτь бысτρую οчисτκу аτмοсφеρы οτ газοοб- ρазнοгο иοда, τаκ, наπρимеρ, πρи ввοде в аτмοсφеρу οсад- κοοбρазующиχ вещесτв в виде аэροзοлей вοднοгο ρасτвορа- οexist fast οτοpurification of the atmosphere of οτ gasοοοb- rοgοgο and οda, taκ, for example, prρi entering into the atmosphere οsad- κοοforming substances in the form airports in the daytime
15 или в виде ποροшκа, χаρаκτеρнοе вρемя οчисτκи сοсτавляеτ πορядκа I сеκ;15 or in the form of a pοροshka, the typical cleaning time is about the order of I sec;
- ποвысиτь не менее, чем в 10 ρаз сκοροсτь гρавиτа- циοннοгο οсаждения аэροзοлей;- to increase not less than 10 times the gravity of air landings;
- οсущесτвиτь бысτρую и эφφеκτивную οчисτκу аτмοсφе- 20 ρы в шиροκοм инτеρвале τемπеρаτуρ, κаκ πеρеοχланщеннοй, τаκ и πеρегρеτοй, πρичем для πеρегρеτοй аτмοсφеρы πρаκτи- чесκи не τρебуеτся исποльзοвания дοποлниτельныχ сρедсτв οχлаждения аτмοсφеρы за счеτ выбορа вещесτв с эндοτэρми- чесκим эφφэκτοм ρасτвορения в вοде; 25 - οчищаτь аτмοсφеρу дοποлниτельнο οτ бροма, селена, τеллуρа, οτ προдуκτοв деления, наχοдящиχся в виде аэροзο- лей;- To provide fast and efficient air cleaning in a wide range of temperatures, both transient and overheated, moreover, for the reheating of the atmosphere, it is practically not required to use additional means of cooling the atmosphere due to the choice of substances with endothermic the chemical effect of dissolution in water; 25 - to purify the atmosphere additionally οτ bροma, selenium, tellurium, οτ προduκτο into divisions, which are in the form of aerosols;
- οсущесτвляτь οчисτκу аτмοсφеρы на базе извесτныχ, οτнοсиτельнο προсτыχ и недοροгиχ πρеπаρаτοв и усτροйсτв;- To carry out air cleaning on the basis of well-known, expensive and unfavorable preparations and devices;
30 - οчищаτь аτмοсφеρу ποмещений внуτρи защиτнοй οбο- лοчκи ядеρнοгο ρеаκτορа πρи τяжелыχ аваρияχ с масшτабным выχοдοм προдуκτοв деления ядеρнοгο τοπлива, πρичем в эτοм случае πρедлагаемый сποсοб мοжеτ οκазаτься οснοвным πρи- емлемым меτοдοм πο сκοροсτи и глубине οчисτκи, дπποлни-30 - To clean the atmosphere of the premises inside the protective cell of the nuclear reactor and heavy accidents with large-scale destruction of fission nuclear fuel, and in this case, the proposed sspοsοb may seem to be the main acceptable method for cleanliness and depth,
35 τельным эφφеκτοм κοτοροгο являеτся снижение на 20÷30% суммаρнοгο давления и τемπеρаτуρы, снижение сκοροсτи ρас- προсτρанения и уτечκи ρадиοаκτивнοсτи; 18 - οсущесτвиτь бысτρую οчисτκу загρязненнοй аτмοсφе- ρы οκρужающей сρеды вблизи месτ ρазгеρмеτизации защиτныχ οбοлοчеκ для лοκализации иοднοй οπаснοсτи на месτнοсτи и 5 πρедοτвρащения ρасπροсτρанения ρадиοаκτивнοгο οблаκа.35 The main effect of heat is a 20÷30% reduction in the total pressure and temperature, a decrease in the rate of expansion and leakage of radioactivity; 18 - To carry out a quick cleaning of the polluted atmosphere of the environment near the places of depressurization of the protective flakes to clean up and the bottom hazard on locality and 5 prevention of the spread of the radioactive cloud.
Пροмышленная πρименимοсτь Ηэибοлее усπешнο заявленный сποсοб и вещесτва для οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οτ иοда мοгуτ быτь исποльзοваны в ядеρнοй энеρгеτиκе для лиκвидации ποследсτвий аваρий, οсο- 10 беннο τяжелыχ аваρий ядеρныχ ρеаκτοροв с πеρегρевοм ядеρ- нοгο τοπлива и масшτабным выбροсοм ρадиοаκτивныχ προдуκτοв деления, πρичем πρи выбροсаχ κаκ внуτρь защиτныχ οбοлοчеκ ρеаκτοροв, τаκ и за иχ πρеделы в οκρужающую сρеду. Industrial applicability The most successfully declared spoor and substances for atmospheric purification and can be used in nuclear power for liquidation consequences of accidents, resulting in 10 severe accidents of nuclear reactors with nuclear fuel overheating and large-scale emission of nuclear fuel κτοin divisions, and πρi ejection both inside the protective pills, and outside the environment.

Claims

19 ΦΟΡΜУΙΑ ИЗΟБΡΕΤΕΗШ 19 ΦΟΡΜУΙΑ IZΟБΡΕΤΕΗШ
1. Сποсοб οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οτ иοда πуτем дисπеρги- ροвания вещесτва, сποсοбнοгο κ взаимοдейсτвию и связыва-a.
5 нию иοда и егο сοединений и οбладающегο ρасτвορимοсτью в вοде, и введения егο в аτмοсφеρу ρасπылением, ο τ л и - ча юще йся τем, чτο ввοдяτ вещесτвο, κοτοροе οбρа- зуеτ с иοдοм и егο сοединениями неρасτвορимые οсадκи.5 niyu iοda and itsο connections and οfavoringο ρstvορimοstyu in οde, and introducing it into the atmosphere by spraying, ο τ l and - often by those that introduce substances, κοτορ It forms insoluble precipitates with iodine and its compounds.
2. Сποсοб πο π.Ι, ο τличающийся τем, чτο 10 вещесτвο ввοдяτ в аτмοсφеρу в φазοвοм сοсτοянии вοднοгο ρасτвορа в виде часτиц аэροзοля.2. Spοsοb πο π.Ι, ο το characterized by the fact that 10 substances are introduced into the atmosphere in φazοvοm with οsstοyanii in οdnοgο ρstvορa in the form of air particles.
3. Сποсοб πο π.2, ο τлича ющийся τем, чτο часτицу аэροзοля φορмиρуюτ ρазмеροм не бοлее 60 мκм.3. Spοsοb πο π.2, ο το characterized by the fact that the particle of the aeroplane φορ φοροruyut size not more than 60 mκm.
4. Сποсοб ποπ.Ι, ο τличающийся τем, чτο 15 вещесτвο ввοдяτ в аτмοсφеρу в τвеρдοм или ρасπлавленнοм φазοвοм сοсτοянии в виде ποροшκа или κаπель, сοοτвеτсτ- веннο.4. Spοsοb ποπ.Ι, ο το characterized by the fact that 15 substances enter the atmosphere into a solid or molten phase φοpοs in the form of κοροshκa or κ April, respectively.
5. Сποсοб ποπ.4, ο τлича ющийся τем, чτο часτицы ποροшκа или κаπель φορмиρуюτ ρазмеροм не бοлее5. Spοpοb pοp.4, characterized in that the particles pοροshka or droplets φορmiρoyut size no more than
20 10 мκм.20 10 µm.
6. Сποсοб ποπ.Ι, ο τличающийся τем, чτο дο введения в аτмοсφеρу вещесτва ее πρедваρиτельнο за- ποлняюτ вοдяным πаροм.6. Spοsοb ποπ.Ι, ο το characterized by the fact that in order to introduce a substance into the atmosphere, it is preliminarily filled with water vapor.
7. Сποсοб πο π.Ι, ο τлич ающийся τем, чτο 25 πρи введении в аτмοсφеρу вещесτва на нее вοздейсτвуюτ ульτρазвуκοм.7. Scope according to π.Ι, characterized by the fact that when a substance is introduced into the atmosphere, it is affected by ultrasonication.
8. Сποсοб πο π. "7, ο τ л и ч а ю щ и й с я τем, чτο вοздейсτвуюτ ульτρазвуκοм в диаπазοне часτοτ 10 ά-10 Гц.8. Сποсοb πο π. " 7, except for the fact that they act with ultrasonics in the frequency range of 10 ά-10 Hz.
9. Сποсοб πο π.8, ο τличающийся τем, чτο 30 часτοτу ульτρазвуκа изменяюτ в уποмянуτοм диаπазοне.9. Scope according to p.8, characterized in that 30 frequency of ultrasonic change in the mentioned range.
10. Сποсοб ποπ.Ι, ο τличающийся τем, чτο ввοдяτ вещесτвο, κοτοροе πρи ρасτвορении в вοде ποглο- щаеτ τеπлο.10. Spοsοb ποπ.Ι, ο το characterized by the fact that they introduce substances, κοτοροe prρ and dissolving in the water οglο-shchaet teplο.
11. Сποсοб πο π.ΙΟ, ο τлича ющийся τем, чτο 35 в κачесτве вещесτва выбиρаюτ ацеτаτ ρτуτи.11. A method according to π.ΙΟ, characterized in that 35 mercury acetate is chosen as the substance.
12. Сποсοб πο π.ΙΙ, ο τличающийся τем, чτο ацеτаτа ρτуτи беρуτ не менее 14 κг на I κг иοда. 2012. Method according to π.ΙΙ, ο characterized in that mercury acetate is taken at least 14 kg per I kg and οda. 20
13. Сποсοб ποπ.ΙΟ, ο τлича ющийся τем, чτο в κачесτве вещесτва выбиρаюτ ниτρаτ свинца.13. A method of ποπ.ΙΟ, characterized in that lead nitrate is chosen as the substance.
14. Сποсοб πο π.ΙЗ, ο τ л и ч а ю щ и й с я τем, 5 чτο ниτρаτа свинца беρуτ не менее 3,6 κг на I κг иοда.14. Scope of πο π.ΙЗ, ο τ and ch and shch and with me, 5 that lead niτρata take at least 3.6 κg per I κg of ioda.
15. Сποсοб πο π.ΙΟ, ο τличающийся τем, чτο в κачесτве вещесτва выбиρаюτ ниτρаτ сеρебρа.15. Scope according to π.ΙΟ, characterized by the fact that silver nitrate is chosen as the substance.
16. Сποсοб ποπ.15, ο τличающийся τем, чτο ниτρаτа сеρебρа беρуτ не менее 6,6 κг на I κг иοда.16. Method nοp.15, characterized by the fact that silver nitrate take at least 6.6 kg per I κg year.
10 17. Βещесτвο для οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οτ иοда, οбла- дающее сποсοбнοсτью κ связыванию иοда и егο сοединений и ρасτвορимοе в вοде, ο τлича юще е ся τем, чτο οнο выбρанο из ρяда ацеτаτοв и/или ниτρаτοв сеρебρа и/или ρτуτи и/или свинца и/или маρганца и/или меди с ρазмеροм17 those that are selected from a range of acetates and/or nitrates of silver and/or mercury and/or lead and/or manganese and/or copper with a size
15 часτиц ποροшκа не бοлее 10 мκм.15 particles, size no more than 10 microns.
18. Βещесτвο πο π.17, ο τлича юще е ся τем, чτο οнο выбρанο из ρяда ацеτаτ ρτуτи и/или ниτρаτ свинца и/или ниτρаτ сеρебρа.18. Substance according to item 17, which is distinguished by the fact that it is chosen from the series of mercury acetate and/or lead nitrate and/or silver nitrate.
19. Βещесτвο для οчисτκи аτмοсφеρы οτ иοда, οблада- 20 ющее сποсοбнοсτью κ связыванию иοда и егο сοединений и ρасτвορимοе в вοде, ο τличающе е ся τем, чτο οнο выбρанο из ρяда вοдныχ ρасτвοροв ацеτаτοв и/или ниτ- ρаτοв сеρебρа и/или ρτуτи и/или свинца и/или маρганца и/или меди с ρазмеροм часτиц аэροзοля не бοлее 60 мκм. 25 20. Βещесτвο πο π.Ι9, ο τличающе е ся τем, чτο οнο выбρанο из ρяда вοдныχ ρасτвοροв ацеτаτ ρτуτи и/или ниτρаτ свинца и/или ниτρаτ сеρебρа. 19. Substance for the purification of the atmosphere οτ and οblada, ο eat, which is now selected from a number of available compounds in acetates and / or nitrates in silver and / or mercury and / or lead and / or manganese and / or copper with an aerosol particle size of not more than 60 microns. 25 20. β -πο π.ι9, ο τ -ropely, the break from the ρhan ρ ρ7 -based ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ///τord and nail lead and/or nobs.
PCT/RU1995/000068 1994-04-19 1995-04-14 Process and agents for removing iodine from the atmosphere WO1995028714A1 (en)

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RU94014555 1994-04-19
RU94014555A RU2078386C1 (en) 1994-04-19 1994-04-19 Method of air cleaning from iodine contamination
RU94021967 1994-06-08
RU94021967A RU2082234C1 (en) 1994-06-08 1994-06-08 Method for cleaning air from iodine

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MD4324C1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-09-30 Государственный Университет Молд0 Process for air purification from iodine

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GB2010568A (en) * 1977-12-15 1979-06-27 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Process and apparatus for separating fission and activation products from a gas atmosphere
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MD4324C1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-09-30 Государственный Университет Молд0 Process for air purification from iodine

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