WO1995026459A1 - Cooled turbine blade - Google Patents

Cooled turbine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995026459A1
WO1995026459A1 PCT/US1995/003573 US9503573W WO9526459A1 WO 1995026459 A1 WO1995026459 A1 WO 1995026459A1 US 9503573 W US9503573 W US 9503573W WO 9526459 A1 WO9526459 A1 WO 9526459A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trailing edge
turbine blade
thickness
gas turbine
blade
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/003573
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark F. Zelesky
Original Assignee
United Technologies Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Technologies Corporation filed Critical United Technologies Corporation
Priority to EP95914154A priority Critical patent/EP0752051B1/en
Priority to JP52521195A priority patent/JP3486192B2/en
Priority to DE69502715T priority patent/DE69502715T2/en
Publication of WO1995026459A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995026459A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187—Convection cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to gas turbine blades and in particular to blades having a cooling air outlet opening adjacent the trailing edge for cooling the trailing edge.
  • High temperature gas turbine blades normally have an airfoil shaped body.
  • the body has a main portion with a trailing end forming the downstream portion of the airfoil.
  • Air cooling is used since these blades operate near their maximum allowable temperature. This air cooling may involve internal flow convection cooling, or passing air through openings in the blade forming a film cooling layer on the outside.
  • a thick trailing edge produces an aerodynamic loss. Therefore it is preferable to use a thin edge at the trailing edge. It is difficult to provide cooling air holes in such a thin structure and it is therefore known to locate air egress holes near the trailing end. These are located on the pressure side providing film cooling of the trailing end. Air passes through the openings to a cutback portion on the pressure side, so that the extreme trailing edge is substantially only the thickness of the suction side wall. This minimum thickness is limited by fabrication problems and strength requirements. So called "fat tip" blades have evolved because of a desire to locate abrasive particles on the tip of the blade. The normal thin trailing edge provides insufficient surface for the particles. Aerodynamic efficiency is sacrificed only in the 25% or so portion of the blade near the tip. The remainder of the blade has still the thin trailing edge. The extent of the air opening cutback has been uniform throughout the length of the blade. Over temperature distress has been noted at the trailing edge near the blade tip.
  • An air cooled gas turbine blade is formed of a hollow body of airfoil shape, with this airfoil shape having a pressure side and a suction side.
  • the body is longitudinally extending from a root end to a tip end.
  • the trailing edge of the body has a thickness "E" which increases toward the tip end so that a tip of sufficient width is provided to retain abrasive particles on the end.
  • An air supply passage within the body is in fluid communication with a plurality of trailing edge air discharge openings. Each opening has a passageway of height "S" and passes adjacent a suction side wall on the suction of the airfoil. This suction wall extends completely through to the trailing edge.
  • a pressure wall on the pressure side of -the airfoil is shortened a distance "L" from the trailing edge at the location of each discharge passage.
  • the pressure wall has a thickness "T” at the discharge opening.
  • the distance "L" which is the length of the cutback of the pressure wall from the tip of the blade, is a variable with this length being less toward the tip end where the trailing edge is thick than it is at the root end where the trailing edge is thin.
  • the height "S" of each passage is the same and the thickness "T" of the pressure wall at each discharge opening is the same, with the ratio of "T" to "S” being equal to or less than 0.8.
  • Figure 1 is an elevation of the turbine blade
  • Figure 2 is a section through the turbine blade at 60% of the span showing the airfoil shape
  • Figure 3 is an end section through the cooling air opening showing the increased thickness of the trailing edge toward the tip end;
  • Figure 4 is a plan section at 50% of the span
  • Figure 5 is a plan section at 75% of the span
  • Figure 6 is a plan section at 90% of the span.
  • FIG 1 there is shown the gas turbine blade 10 secured to a rotor 12 and having a root end 14 and a tip end 16.
  • the blade 10 is of a hollow body longitudinally extending from the root end to the tip end. It is of an airfoil shape as shown in Figure 2 which is a section taken through 2-2 of Figure 1.
  • the body has air supply passages 18 passing within the body for conveying cooling air to various locations. A portion of the cooling air passes through film cooling openings 20 to pass cooling air along the outer surface of the blade. Such cooling air cools both the suction side 22 and the pressure side 24 of the blade.
  • the blade has a trailing edge 26 which is thin to minimize aerodynamic losses.
  • a plurality of trailing edge discharge openings 28 are located throughout the span of the blade with each being in fluid communication with the air supply passage 18.
  • a suction wall 30 extends completely to the trailing edge 26 while the pressure wall 32 is cutback at the location of each air supply passage 28. This permits the trailing edge 26 to be cooled by the flow of air with the relative size of the opening end thickness of pressure wall 32 being important to achieve optimum cooling with relatively low flows.
  • An edge view, Figure 3, taken through 3-3 of Figure 1 near the trailing edge shows that the trailing edge has an increasing thickness "E" as it approaches the tip end 16 of the blade.
  • Each recess 34 formed between the trailing edge 26 and the cutback end 36 of the pressure wall decreases toward the tip end of the blade.
  • Figure 4 is a section through the blade taken at 50% of the span.
  • Passageway 28 has a height "S" of 0.015 inches (0.38mm) .
  • the thickness "T" of the pressure wall end 36 is 0.012 inches (0.304mm) with the length of cutback 34 having a length "L” of .12" inches (3.05mm) .
  • the thickness of the trailing edge "E" at this location is i 5 .035" inches (0.89mm) .
  • the ratio of "T” to "S” is 0.8, and may be less.
  • Figure 5 is a section taken through the blade at 75% of the span.
  • the thickness "E” here is increased to .054" inches (1.37mm) .
  • the height "S" of passage 28 remains at
  • Figure 6 is a section taken at 90% of the span.
  • a totally enclosed cooling air opening 40 is supplied at the very end of the tip where the heat load is not only imposed from the side of the blades but also the end.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

Turbine blade (10) has a plurality of trailing edge discharge openings (28) discharging cooling air. The blade trailing edge has an increasing thickness 'E' toward the tip end (16). Discharge openings with the shortened pressure wall 'L' have lesser distances 'L' toward the tip end.

Description

Cooled Turbine Blade
Technical Field
The invention relates to gas turbine blades and in particular to blades having a cooling air outlet opening adjacent the trailing edge for cooling the trailing edge.
Background of the Invention
High temperature gas turbine blades normally have an airfoil shaped body. The body has a main portion with a trailing end forming the downstream portion of the airfoil.
Air cooling is used since these blades operate near their maximum allowable temperature. This air cooling may involve internal flow convection cooling, or passing air through openings in the blade forming a film cooling layer on the outside.
A thick trailing edge produces an aerodynamic loss. Therefore it is preferable to use a thin edge at the trailing edge. It is difficult to provide cooling air holes in such a thin structure and it is therefore known to locate air egress holes near the trailing end. These are located on the pressure side providing film cooling of the trailing end. Air passes through the openings to a cutback portion on the pressure side, so that the extreme trailing edge is substantially only the thickness of the suction side wall. This minimum thickness is limited by fabrication problems and strength requirements. So called "fat tip" blades have evolved because of a desire to locate abrasive particles on the tip of the blade. The normal thin trailing edge provides insufficient surface for the particles. Aerodynamic efficiency is sacrificed only in the 25% or so portion of the blade near the tip. The remainder of the blade has still the thin trailing edge. The extent of the air opening cutback has been uniform throughout the length of the blade. Over temperature distress has been noted at the trailing edge near the blade tip.
Summary of the Invention
An air cooled gas turbine blade is formed of a hollow body of airfoil shape, with this airfoil shape having a pressure side and a suction side. The body is longitudinally extending from a root end to a tip end. The trailing edge of the body has a thickness "E" which increases toward the tip end so that a tip of sufficient width is provided to retain abrasive particles on the end. An air supply passage within the body is in fluid communication with a plurality of trailing edge air discharge openings. Each opening has a passageway of height "S" and passes adjacent a suction side wall on the suction of the airfoil. This suction wall extends completely through to the trailing edge. A pressure wall on the pressure side of -the airfoil is shortened a distance "L" from the trailing edge at the location of each discharge passage. The pressure wall has a thickness "T" at the discharge opening. The distance "L", which is the length of the cutback of the pressure wall from the tip of the blade, is a variable with this length being less toward the tip end where the trailing edge is thick than it is at the root end where the trailing edge is thin. Preferably the height "S" of each passage is the same and the thickness "T" of the pressure wall at each discharge opening is the same, with the ratio of "T" to "S" being equal to or less than 0.8.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 is an elevation of the turbine blade;
Figure 2 is a section through the turbine blade at 60% of the span showing the airfoil shape;
Figure 3 is an end section through the cooling air opening showing the increased thickness of the trailing edge toward the tip end;
Figure 4 is a plan section at 50% of the span; Figure 5 is a plan section at 75% of the span; and
Figure 6 is a plan section at 90% of the span.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
In Figure 1 there is shown the gas turbine blade 10 secured to a rotor 12 and having a root end 14 and a tip end 16. The blade 10 is of a hollow body longitudinally extending from the root end to the tip end. It is of an airfoil shape as shown in Figure 2 which is a section taken through 2-2 of Figure 1. The body has air supply passages 18 passing within the body for conveying cooling air to various locations. A portion of the cooling air passes through film cooling openings 20 to pass cooling air along the outer surface of the blade. Such cooling air cools both the suction side 22 and the pressure side 24 of the blade. The blade has a trailing edge 26 which is thin to minimize aerodynamic losses. A plurality of trailing edge discharge openings 28 are located throughout the span of the blade with each being in fluid communication with the air supply passage 18. A suction wall 30 extends completely to the trailing edge 26 while the pressure wall 32 is cutback at the location of each air supply passage 28. This permits the trailing edge 26 to be cooled by the flow of air with the relative size of the opening end thickness of pressure wall 32 being important to achieve optimum cooling with relatively low flows. An edge view, Figure 3, taken through 3-3 of Figure 1 near the trailing edge shows that the trailing edge has an increasing thickness "E" as it approaches the tip end 16 of the blade. Each recess 34 formed between the trailing edge 26 and the cutback end 36 of the pressure wall decreases toward the tip end of the blade.
Figure 4 is a section through the blade taken at 50% of the span. Passageway 28 has a height "S" of 0.015 inches (0.38mm) . The thickness "T" of the pressure wall end 36 is 0.012 inches (0.304mm) with the length of cutback 34 having a length "L" of .12" inches (3.05mm) . The thickness of the trailing edge "E" at this location is i 5 .035" inches (0.89mm) . The ratio of "T" to "S" is 0.8, and may be less.
Figure 5 is a section taken through the blade at 75% of the span. The thickness "E" here is increased to .054" inches (1.37mm) . The height "S" of passage 28 remains at
10 0.015 inches (0.38mm) and the thickness "T" of the end 36 of the pressure wall remains at 0.012 inches (0.030mm) . The length "L" is however reduced to .10" inches (2.5mm) so that the ratio of "T" to "S" remains at 0.8.
Figure 6 is a section taken at 90% of the span. Here
15 the width of the tip has increased with the "E" dimension being equal to .068 inches (1.73mm) . Again "S" remains 0.015 inches (0.038mm) while "T" remains 0.012 inches (0.0304mm) . "L" is further reduced to .045" inches (1.14mm) .
20 The reduction in the length "L" as the dimension "E" or thickness of the tip increases permits the ratio "T" over "S" to be maintained at approximately 0.8. This has been found to be the optimum condition for providing appropriate cooling of the tip 26 without the use of excess
25 cooling air. A totally enclosed cooling air opening 40 is supplied at the very end of the tip where the heat load is not only imposed from the side of the blades but also the end.

Claims

I Claim:
1. An air cooled gas turbine blade comprising: a hollow body of airfoil shape with a pressure side and a suction side, said body longitudinally extending from a root end to a tip end; said body having an airfoil trailing edge of a thickness "E" increasing toward the tip end; an air supply passage within said body; a plurality of trailing edge air discharge openings, each in fluid communication with said air supply passage, and having a passageway of height "S"; a suction wall on said suction side extending completely to said trailing edge; a pressure wall on said pressure side, shortened a distance "L" from said trailing edge at the location of each discharge passage, whereby said pressure wall has a thickness "T" at the discharge opening; and the distance "L" at discharge openings toward the tip end of said body being less than toward the root of said body.
2. A gas turbine blade as in claim 1 further comprising: said thickness "E" being constant for 65% of the longitudinal extent of said body and increasing thereafter.
3. A gas turbine blade as in claim 1 further comprising: the height "S" of each passage being the same.
4. A gas turbine blade as in claim 3 further comprising: the thickness "T" at each discharge opening being the same.
5. A gas turbine blade as in claim 4 further comprising: the ratio of "T" to "S" at each opening being equal to or less than 0.8.
PCT/US1995/003573 1994-03-25 1995-03-21 Cooled turbine blade WO1995026459A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95914154A EP0752051B1 (en) 1994-03-25 1995-03-21 Cooled turbine blade
JP52521195A JP3486192B2 (en) 1994-03-25 1995-03-21 Cooled turbine blades
DE69502715T DE69502715T2 (en) 1994-03-25 1995-03-21 COOLING A TURBINE BLADE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US218,499 1994-03-25
US08/218,499 US5378108A (en) 1994-03-25 1994-03-25 Cooled turbine blade

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995026459A1 true WO1995026459A1 (en) 1995-10-05

Family

ID=22815371

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1995/003573 WO1995026459A1 (en) 1994-03-25 1995-03-21 Cooled turbine blade

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5378108A (en)
EP (1) EP0752051B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3486192B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69502715T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1995026459A1 (en)

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US5688104A (en) * 1993-11-24 1997-11-18 United Technologies Corporation Airfoil having expanded wall portions to accommodate film cooling holes
US5503529A (en) * 1994-12-08 1996-04-02 General Electric Company Turbine blade having angled ejection slot
US6004100A (en) * 1997-11-13 1999-12-21 United Technologies Corporation Trailing edge cooling apparatus for a gas turbine airfoil
US6126397A (en) * 1998-12-22 2000-10-03 United Technologies Corporation Trailing edge cooling apparatus for a gas turbine airfoil
US6164913A (en) * 1999-07-26 2000-12-26 General Electric Company Dust resistant airfoil cooling
US6179565B1 (en) 1999-08-09 2001-01-30 United Technologies Corporation Coolable airfoil structure
US6234754B1 (en) 1999-08-09 2001-05-22 United Technologies Corporation Coolable airfoil structure
EP1167690A1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2002-01-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cooling of the trailing edge of a gas turbine airfoil
US6616406B2 (en) * 2001-06-11 2003-09-09 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Airfoil trailing edge cooling construction
US6609891B2 (en) 2001-08-30 2003-08-26 General Electric Company Turbine airfoil for gas turbine engine
US6551062B2 (en) 2001-08-30 2003-04-22 General Electric Company Turbine airfoil for gas turbine engine
US7377747B2 (en) * 2005-06-06 2008-05-27 General Electric Company Turbine airfoil with integrated impingement and serpentine cooling circuit
US7452186B2 (en) * 2005-08-16 2008-11-18 United Technologies Corporation Turbine blade including revised trailing edge cooling
US7387492B2 (en) * 2005-12-20 2008-06-17 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for cooling turbine blade trailing edges
GB0603705D0 (en) 2006-02-24 2006-04-05 Rolls Royce Plc Aerofoils
US20070269316A1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2007-11-22 Williams Andrew D Turbine blade with trailing edge cutback and method of making same
GB2455678A (en) * 2006-11-22 2009-06-24 Shell Int Research Systems and methods for reducing drag and/or vortex induced vibration
US7722326B2 (en) * 2007-03-13 2010-05-25 Siemens Energy, Inc. Intensively cooled trailing edge of thin airfoils for turbine engines
US9422816B2 (en) * 2009-06-26 2016-08-23 United Technologies Corporation Airfoil with hybrid drilled and cutback trailing edge
US8523524B2 (en) * 2010-03-25 2013-09-03 General Electric Company Airfoil cooling hole flag region
US9228437B1 (en) 2012-03-22 2016-01-05 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Turbine airfoil with pressure side trailing edge cooling slots
US9790801B2 (en) 2012-12-27 2017-10-17 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine component having suction side cutback opening
EP2980357A1 (en) * 2014-08-01 2016-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas turbine aerofoil trailing edge
US10323524B2 (en) * 2015-05-08 2019-06-18 United Technologies Corporation Axial skin core cooling passage for a turbine engine component
US10502066B2 (en) 2015-05-08 2019-12-10 United Technologies Corporation Turbine engine component including an axially aligned skin core passage interrupted by a pedestal
JP6345319B1 (en) * 2017-07-07 2018-06-20 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 Turbine blade and gas turbine
KR102000835B1 (en) * 2017-09-27 2019-07-16 두산중공업 주식회사 Gas Turbine Blade
US10753210B2 (en) * 2018-05-02 2020-08-25 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Airfoil having improved cooling scheme
US20210115796A1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-22 United Technologies Corporation Airfoil component with trailing end margin and cutback
US11519277B2 (en) * 2021-04-15 2022-12-06 General Electric Company Component with cooling passage for a turbine engine

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US3135496A (en) * 1962-03-02 1964-06-02 Gen Electric Axial flow turbine with radial temperature gradient
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EP0241180A2 (en) * 1986-03-31 1987-10-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gas turbine blade

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US1548613A (en) * 1924-03-21 1925-08-04 Aeg Elastic-fluid turbine
US3135496A (en) * 1962-03-02 1964-06-02 Gen Electric Axial flow turbine with radial temperature gradient
FR2417640A1 (en) * 1972-11-28 1979-09-14 Rolls Royce BLADES FOR TURBINE
EP0185599A1 (en) * 1984-12-21 1986-06-25 United Technologies Corporation Airfoil trailing edge cooling arrangement
EP0241180A2 (en) * 1986-03-31 1987-10-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gas turbine blade

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69502715T2 (en) 1999-01-14
US5378108A (en) 1995-01-03
DE69502715D1 (en) 1998-07-02
JPH09511042A (en) 1997-11-04
EP0752051A1 (en) 1997-01-08
EP0752051B1 (en) 1998-05-27
JP3486192B2 (en) 2004-01-13

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