WO1995024955A2 - Dispositif et procede de recuperation d'un produit - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de recuperation d'un produit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995024955A2
WO1995024955A2 PCT/US1995/003443 US9503443W WO9524955A2 WO 1995024955 A2 WO1995024955 A2 WO 1995024955A2 US 9503443 W US9503443 W US 9503443W WO 9524955 A2 WO9524955 A2 WO 9524955A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
product
emulsifying
mixing
containment structure
assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/003443
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1995024955A3 (fr
Inventor
Robert J. Ritter
Original Assignee
Subsea International, Inc.
Marex International, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Subsea International, Inc., Marex International, Ltd. filed Critical Subsea International, Inc.
Priority to AU21035/95A priority Critical patent/AU2103595A/en
Publication of WO1995024955A2 publication Critical patent/WO1995024955A2/fr
Publication of WO1995024955A3 publication Critical patent/WO1995024955A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C7/00—Salvaging of disabled, stranded, or sunken vessels; Salvaging of vessel parts or furnishings, e.g. of safes; Salvaging of other underwater objects
    • B63C7/006—Emptying the contents of sunken, stranded, or disabled vessels, e.g. by engaging the vessel; Underwater collecting of buoyant contents, such as liquid, particulate or gaseous contents, escaping from sunken vessels, e.g. using funnels, or tents for recovery of escaping hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to apparatus and method for recovering products and, more particularly, to apparatus and method for forming a mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity within the product.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,831,387 provides for removal of oil from a sunken vessel by means of a remotely controlled submersible pump-house or salvage capsule which performs the functions of gaining access to, and removal to the surface, of oil contained in the sunken vessel.
  • the functions include means for securely but detachably fixing the capsule to the decking or hull of the vessel in proximity to the compartment from which the oil is to be salvaged, drill means for providing access to the compartment through one or more openings, extensible oil suction pipe means for inserting into the compartment from which the oil is to be salvaged, first pump means for removing oil from the ship compartment into a holding chamber, and a second pump means for removing oil from the holding chamber to the surface where it may be held in suitable storage such as balloons or
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,287,903 to M. Cessou provides for an apparatus and method to displace product from a tank, such as that of an oil tanker, by forming and permanently maintaining at the upper part of the tank, above the product, an aqueous phase, filling progressively the tank as the product is removed through a drain pipe. Jets of hot water are introduced into this aqueous phase and a secondary injection is effected in the aqueous phase above the level of these jets.
  • this system loses efficiency due to relatively high thermal losses resulting from direct exposure of the aqueous phase on top of the product to the high thermal conductivity of the tank, deck head, and hull.
  • the rate of emulsification or mixing of the product with water is not readily controllable because the hot water jets are introduced into the aqueous phase rather than the product.
  • the present invention provides an extractor apparatus for removing product from a containment structure that comprises an extractor housing with a product removal bore therein for removing the product.
  • An extension assembly positions the preferably rigid extractor housing within the product
  • An injector assembly is secured to the extractor housing
  • An eductor assembly is also secured to the extractor housing and has an eductor bore connecting to the product removal bore.
  • a feed pump preferably supplies the injector assembly with feed fluid.
  • the feed fluid in one presently preferred embodiment of the invention, produces a pressure differential within the eductor assembly to induce product to flow
  • the present invention provides a method for removing product from a containment structure including forming a mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity with the product that contains a mixture of product and injected fluid.
  • the mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity is positioned below the top surface of the product in the thermal containment structure.
  • an injector assembly is introduced into the product through an opening in the containment structure.
  • An eductor assembly is introduced into the product in proximity to the injector assembly.
  • the mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity is formed within the product such that the mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity contains the injector assembly and the eductor assembly.
  • the mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity contains a mixture of product and injected fluid therein and is, at least initially, substantially surrounded by unmixed product.
  • the cavity can be formed by a variety of means including a combination of simultaneously injecting and removing product and injected fluids or gases. For example, by creating a thermal difference with heated fluids, a pressure change, a volume change, or by injecting one or a variety of fluids or gasses. These injected fluids or gasses can cause chemical reactions, thermal changes, viscosity changes, density changes, etc. in the cavity. If, for instance, the product is oil and injected fluid is water, then an emulsified mixture will be created in the cavity or region of interest which is maintained below the surface of the product.
  • the product such as oil, surrounding the mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity insulates the mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity with respect to the containment walls and any seawater or other material outside the containment structure.
  • An upper layer of substantially unmixed product is preferably maintained as long as possible throughout the extraction process to continue to keep thermal leakage to a minimum.
  • a feature of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is an eductor introduced directly into the cargo or product in conjunction with a fluid injection device.
  • a further feature of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is an improved containment device to prevent leaking fluids around tank entry ports.
  • Yet another feature of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a fail safe system which allows for termination of the removal operation and sealing of the tank in the event of loss of operational control.
  • Another feature is a pressure control system that maintains a pressure balance
  • Another feature is an integral injector/eductor assembly.
  • An advantage of the present invention is a modular design that allows for rapid mobilization anywhere in the world.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is a system designed to operate in adverse weather and current conditions and provides for intermittent operation where necessary due to extreme conditions.
  • Yet another advantage of the present invention is greater efficiency to thereby shorten operational times and reduce costs and environmental risks.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that all product carrying hoses can be flushed with hot water prior to disconnection and all hoses have auto shut off capability triggered by disconnection.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a product extraction process in accord with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates schematically a general overview of a system for extracting a product in accord with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational view, partially in section, of a cargo extraction module in position to tap into a product tank;
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational view, partially in section, of a cargo extraction module with cargo extractor assembly extended into a product tank;
  • FIG. 5 is an elevational view, partially in section, of a pressure control manifold through which the cargo extractor assembly of FIG. 4 extends;
  • FIG. 6 is an elevational view, in section, of a multi-ported cargo extractor assembly;
  • FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the invention of FIG. 6 along the lines
  • FIG. 6B is a elevational view, partially in section, of a manifold for the cargo extractor.
  • FIG. 7 is an elevational view, partially in section, of a cargo extraction module in a mobilization / demobilization configuration.
  • FIG. 1 there is schematically shown a preferred embodiment of the product extraction process 10 of the present invention. While this invention is applicable to many product and
  • Product extraction process 10 can be divided into a surface process 12 and a remote process 14 as shown in FIG. 1 and, with components of an extraction system, in FIG. 2.
  • hot fluid is pumped through lines 16 at an adjustable flow rate through an injector assembly 18 in the body of the oil 20 contained in cargo tank 22.
  • a mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 is created as a result of the combination of localized fluid injection, heat transfer, and eductor 26 suction.
  • the injected fluid and cargo oil form a mixture of recovered injected fluid and cargo oil retrievable through line 28.
  • the cavity, or region of interest can be formed by a variety of means including a combination of simultaneously injecting and removing product and injected fluids or gases. For example, by creating a • thermal difference with heated fluids, a pressure change, a volume change, or by injecting one or a variety of fluids or gasses.
  • injected fluids or gasses can cause chemical reactions, thermal changes, viscosity changes, density changes, etc. in the cavity. If, for instance, the product is oil and injected fluid is water, then an emulsified mixture will be created in the cavity or region of interest which is maintained below the surface of the product.
  • V; is the rate of that portion of injected fluid which is recovered or drawn in through eductor 26.
  • V c is rate cargo or oil 20 is extracted from tank 22 and which is separated into line 38 for storage or transportation.
  • V is the rate at which injected fluid accumulates in tank 22 to replace the cargo oil 20 extracted.
  • V e is the rate at which injection fluid flows into the eductor nozzle (see FIG. 6), as discussed hereinafter according to one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, to induce the extraction flow into line 28 that contains the mixture of cargo oil 20 and injected fluid 17.
  • the fluid/oil mixture forms a mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 within the body of oil 20 that is substantially centered around the injector/eductor assembly.
  • Mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 steadily enlarges because oil 20 is removed and water 30 from injector 18 is being added to the volume of the mixture. Over the course of the extraction process, mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 enlarges to the point where all the oil 20 that can be extracted has entered the mixture and has been pumped to the surface.
  • mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 is preferably entirely surrounded by product 20 although it may or may not be spherical in shape.
  • mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 enlarges due to the removal of product 20 and replacement with injection fluid, mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 will preferably first break through to aqueous layer 25, if present in tank 22, while still maintaining a layer of product 20 above mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 but below a top surface 27 of product 20.
  • Top surface 27 will be the top of the product body in which mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 is formed and may or may not be separated from a top inner tank surface 29 by a layer of gas 36 or other fluid.
  • mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 may be substantially dome shaped and steadily enlarges. Maintaining a layer of product above mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 results in maximum thermal energy retention so as to provide the most efficient extraction of product.
  • the mixture of product and injected fluid enters the intake of the eductor 26 driven by the motivating flow rate V c and is pumped to the surface in line 28 where it enters surface process 12. It is important to maintain control over the balance of flow rates V;, and V c because an imbalance here could cause either an over- pressurization or an under-pressurization of cargo tank 22.
  • This balance and the resulting tank pressure are controlled in this invention by control of flow rates V ; and V e , in lines 16 that may be separately controlled, and by the control of the pressure differential between the mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 26 and the ambient sea 32 pressure and other pressure differentials discussed hereinafter. Such pressure differentials may be monitored on the surface or automatically controlled in remote portion 14 of the process.
  • the ratio tends to stay relatively higher, as compared to other extraction processes, due to the designed use of the insulating properties of the product 20 around mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity walls 34.
  • the product (oil) / water ratio is maintained at a higher value through control of the injector water temperature, the relative positioning of the injector/eductor assembly, and the design of the injectors including their array configuration (See FIG. 4,5 and 6).
  • the size of mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 and product (oil) / water mixture is controllable by, for instance, increasing or decreasing feed fluid flow rate and/or the temperature of the feed fluid.
  • the method of the present invention provides a high heat transfer to the product because all net heat delivered to the tank 22 must pass into product 20 as long as product 20 surrounds mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24.
  • the surrounding product 20 acts as an insulating layer which must be heated before any heat can reach the highly heat conductive sea water 32 so as to maintain mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 26 at a relatively higher temperature.
  • gaseous buffer 36 may be maintained/formed at the top of tank 22 to act as an insulator to maintain a higher temperature of liquids 20 in tank 22 or to promote freeing of product from entrapment areas e.g. tank ribs or deck stiffeners.
  • the product (oil) is separated as lighter feed 38 where it is stored or transported to a storage facility.
  • Water 42 from the product (oil) / water mixture 28 returns to be circulated along with additional sea water 32.
  • the boiler 40 provides the heat energy for the injected water.
  • FIG. 2 provides a general description of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus or system.
  • Cargo extractor assembly (extractor) 50 is inserted into product 52 in a containment device such as cargo tank 54 of a sunken vessel 56. Extractor
  • the cargo extractor module (module) 60 of which it is a part.
  • Hose arrays 62 connect module 60 to the surface equipment.
  • Hose arrays 62 and 64 are arranged as integral umbilicals by the use of hose spreaders 66, and associated flange connections 68.
  • Hose arrays 62 and 64 are handled with subsea rigging system 70 on support vessel 72. This hose arrangement increases handling efficiency and eliminates damage associated with subsea hose motion thus enabling the system to operate in adverse current and weather conditions.
  • Hose arrays 62 and 64 are also controlled using ballast block 74 to anchor hose arrays 62 and 64 to seabed 76 via clamp assembly 78 and cable 80 connecting to the support platform.
  • the main surface equipment consists of discharge handling system 82, hot water supply system 84, and surface control module 86. These systems are supported by boiler system 88, and sea water make-up system 90 via sea water intake 92. All of the surface equipment is mounted on a suitable support platform such as a vessel of opportunity 72.
  • Control module 86 may be dedicated to control of the operation according to the method of the present invention as discussed herein or may be a standard control module as used for other purposes. Use of standardized components for most elements of the system reduces costs and greatly increases mobilization speed by allowing purchase of most components on a local basis throughout the world.
  • FIG. 3, 4, and 7 provide views of module 60 during various stages of the operation.
  • module 60 is in the hot tapping position.
  • module 60 is suspended preferably on four legs 96, that have hydraulically or mechanically adjusted feet 98 for leveling and/or raising module 60.
  • Feet 98 may be affixed to the tank 100 if necessary as, for instance, may be required for operating with strong currents and/or adverse weather conditions.
  • Leveling means 102 see
  • FIG. 7 and four feet 98 allow module 60 to operate on irregularly shaped, curved, or slanting surfaces.
  • Hot tap base 110 is fastened and sealed to the deck 100.
  • Hot tap machine 106 uses cutter 112 to cut a hole 114 (see FIG. 4 and 7) in deck 100 through the center of hot tap base 110. After completion of cargo extraction, cutter 112 is replaced with an annulus sealing head that places a seal 111 (see FIG. 7) in hot tap base 110 to effectively seal hole 114.
  • Variable ballast tanks 116 in conjunction with fixed buoyancy, are part of a variable buoyancy system which allows for overall weight and attitude adjustment to facilitate maneuvering of module 60. The buoyancy system may be controlled from the surface, by a diver, or via a remotely operated vehicle. During product extraction operations, module 60 is normally never allowed to be positively ballasted. Large diameter wheels 118 and assorted control apparatus allow a single diver or remotely operated vehicle to move module 60 to a new location while negotiating minor obstacles.
  • Hydraulic system 120 provides power for module 60 functions. Hydraulic system 120 may be supplied with hydraulic fluid from the surface, from a remotely operated vehicle, or generate its own pressure in the remote location. A multiplexed control system, or other control system, may be used to control module 60 remotely.
  • FIG. 4 discloses a view of module 60 with extractor 50 extended through hole
  • FIG. 5 shows, in greater detail than FIG. 4, a presently preferred embodiment of pressure control manifold 130.
  • Extractor 50 passes through body 132 of pressure control manifold 130 (See FIG. 5 for detail of manifold 130).
  • Pressure control manifold 130 connects to valve 108 which, in turn, connects to hot tap base 110.
  • Pressure control manifold 130 contains reversed relief valves 134 that ensure that the tank pressure in the vicinity of the penetration 114 is pressure balanced and cannot fall outside the limits dictated by the setting of the relief valves 134.
  • Relief valves 134 are preferably connected to hoses (not shown) that direct fluid to a desired location.
  • Extractor 50 automatically provides a double seal for penetration 114 upon withdrawal from containment 100.
  • the body of extractor 50 is sealed by seals 140 and, upon withdrawal of extractor 50, circumference plug end 136 engages seal 138 to thereby securely seal off penetration 114.
  • FIG. 6, 6A, and 6B provide a cross-sectional view of extractor 50.
  • Extractor 50 preferably includes injector assembly 152 axially spaced from eductor assembly 159.
  • Extractor 50 has a cylindrical body 150 with injectors, such as injector 153, and eductor intakes, such as intake 156 disposed along an end portion thereof.
  • injector assembly 152 preferably includes a plurality of injectors and may include upwardly directed injectors 153 and downwardly directed injectors 155.
  • radial passageways 157 preferably more than two, communicating from the outside of the body 150 to central eductor bore 158 in the vicinity of eductor nozzle 154.
  • Intakes 156 are a fixed and known distance above injector assembly 152. Discharge flow from the educator assembly 159 flows up through venturi 160 and passes into discharge bore 161.
  • Feed fluid for the eductor assembly 159 and injector assembly 152 is preferably supplied through annular cavities 162 and 164 (see FIG. 6A) formed in housing 150 and axially disposed along extractor 50.
  • annular cavities 162 and 164 Preferably at least two other annular cavities, 166 and 168, are available to provide communication to extractor discharge manifold 170 for mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity pressure, measurement, and relief flow.
  • extractor 50 contains five substantially axially running passageways.
  • FIG. 6B limit direct pressure imbalance in the same way as do relief valves 134 in pressure control manifold 130.
  • this relief valve system provides for pressure control at the core 23 of mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24 (see also FIG. 2), where the pressure changes first take place.
  • Electronic sensors 174 may be installed in the lower extremity of extractor 50 to provide for surface monitoring and additional control of pressure balance in the mixing, emulsifying, or thermal cavity 24.
  • Eductor feed connector 176 (see FIG. 6B) , eductor discharge connector 178 and injector feed connector 180 are, in the presently preferred embodiment, disposed on an upper portion of extractor manifold body 182.
  • FIG. 7 shows module 60 in a mobilization / demobilization configuration.
  • the entire derrick 104 with the extractor and hot tap machine 106 are folded and aligned over the top of module 60 (ballast tanks are not shown).
  • module 60 facilitates ease of rigging during mobilization and may provide increased stability during deployment of module 60.
  • module 60 provides a hydro-dynamically suitable configuration that allows a propulsion system to be incorporated therein.
  • Module 60 In operation, the exact location of the intended penetration into the tank is determined. The deck is then cleaned in the general area of the intended penetration(s). Module 60 is then deployed from the deck of the surface vessel to the deck of the sunken vessel. The derrick 104 of module 60 is raised from the horizontal to the vertical position, if appropriate, after reaching the deck of the sunken vessel. Module 60 is aligned and leveled at the first penetration location. Hot tap base 110 is aligned prior to fastening. A check is preferably made for under deck gasses prior to attaching hot tap base 110. Hot tap base 110 is pressure tested prior to hot tapping the deck to allow insertion of extractor 50. The extraction process is then started up, including moving extractor 50 into the product through penetration 114. Once completed, the extraction process is stopped included retraction of extractor 50. Module 60 is then moved to the next extraction location as necessary.
  • Additional operational procedures may include such steps as placement of another hot tap base 110 on the deck close to the pre-determined location or alignment of module 60 to the hot tap base of a previous penetration.
  • the hot tap flange may be aligned using a flange alignment system.
  • Hot tap valve 108 is connected to hot tap base 110.
  • the seal 111 at a previous penetration, as discussed hereinbefore, may also be removed as desired.
  • the hot tap assembly 106 is disconnected from hot tap valve 108.
  • Pressure control manifold 130 is connected to hot tap valve 108 and that assembly is pressure tested. After completion of the operation, derrick 104 with extractor 50, hot tap machine 106, and module 60 are returned to the support platform.
  • All pressure regulators as well as bypass and relief valves are preferably designed into the overall system so that failure does not cause excessive tank pressure or allow product to leak into the environment.
  • the hoses preferably have an auto shut off capability that is triggered upon disconnection. Furthermore, the product carrying hoses can be flushed with hot water before disconnection.
  • valves in fluid lines 16 provide for automatic fluid dumping, extractor 50 is automatically retracted, the opening to the tank is sealed, and extractor 50 is insulated from product 2.
  • extractor 50 is mounted with a passive retraction mechanism (not shown) that does not need power for retraction.
  • the extension/retraction system could consist of a dual constant tension wire device that incorporates a passive retraction feature that activates if functions of module 60 fail.
  • the containment system may be further secured with valve 108. The hoses are then flushed with water and extractor 50 is shut down prior to shutting down the entire pumping system.
  • the system allows for short and/or intermittent operation times.
  • the hose arrays 62 and 64 can be laid down on the sea bed for a short term shut down. Preferably the hoses are first flushed with water as may be done in anticipation of adverse weather.
  • a start-up heating system may be incorporated that is capable of bringing all fluids and equipment to operational temperature within a short time.
  • Module 60 is preferably of modular construction to allow for air transport for emergency mobilizations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif et procédé permettant le retrait d'un produit d'une enceinte de confinement. Un ensemble extracteur comprend des ensembles monoblocs injecteur et éjecteur espacés axialement l'un par rapport à l'autre. L'ensemble extracteur produit une cavité de mélange, d'émulsion ou thermique (24) dans le produit, sous la surface supérieure de celui-ci, à la suite de quoi la chaleur produite à l'intérieur de la cavité de mélange, d'émulsion ou thermique (24) doit passer au travers du produit avant d'atteindre les parois de l'enceinte de confinement, le produit étant ainsi utilisé en tant qu'isolant afin de maintenir la chaleur dans ladite cavité (24).
PCT/US1995/003443 1994-03-17 1995-03-17 Dispositif et procede de recuperation d'un produit WO1995024955A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU21035/95A AU2103595A (en) 1994-03-17 1995-03-17 Apparatus and method for recovering product

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA 2119328 CA2119328C (fr) 1994-03-17 1994-03-17 Installation et procede pour la recuperation de produits
CA2,119,328 1994-03-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995024955A2 true WO1995024955A2 (fr) 1995-09-21
WO1995024955A3 WO1995024955A3 (fr) 1995-10-26

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PCT/US1995/003443 WO1995024955A2 (fr) 1994-03-17 1995-03-17 Dispositif et procede de recuperation d'un produit

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AU (1) AU2103595A (fr)
CA (1) CA2119328C (fr)
WO (1) WO1995024955A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2853618A1 (fr) * 2003-04-14 2004-10-15 Stefan Tarkovacs Station sous marine autonome
WO2004092006A2 (fr) * 2003-04-14 2004-10-28 Stefan Tarkovacs Station sous-marine autonome

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5085242A (en) * 1989-02-01 1992-02-04 Great Eastern (Bermuda) Ltd. Method and apparatus for the removal of black oil residues from tanks

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5085242A (en) * 1989-02-01 1992-02-04 Great Eastern (Bermuda) Ltd. Method and apparatus for the removal of black oil residues from tanks

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2853618A1 (fr) * 2003-04-14 2004-10-15 Stefan Tarkovacs Station sous marine autonome
WO2004092006A2 (fr) * 2003-04-14 2004-10-28 Stefan Tarkovacs Station sous-marine autonome
WO2004092006A3 (fr) * 2003-04-14 2005-03-03 Stefan Tarkovacs Station sous-marine autonome

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995024955A3 (fr) 1995-10-26
AU2103595A (en) 1995-10-03
CA2119328C (fr) 2002-01-22
CA2119328A1 (fr) 1995-09-18

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