WO1995015021A1 - Lasers accordables, en guide d'onde et leurs procedes de production - Google Patents

Lasers accordables, en guide d'onde et leurs procedes de production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995015021A1
WO1995015021A1 PCT/US1994/013548 US9413548W WO9515021A1 WO 1995015021 A1 WO1995015021 A1 WO 1995015021A1 US 9413548 W US9413548 W US 9413548W WO 9515021 A1 WO9515021 A1 WO 9515021A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
dye
composite glass
tunable
glass film
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Application number
PCT/US1994/013548
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English (en)
Inventor
Renata Reisfeld
Dimitri Shamrakov
Yoram Sorek
Original Assignee
Yissum Research Development Company
Mcinnis, Patricia, A.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yissum Research Development Company, Mcinnis, Patricia, A. filed Critical Yissum Research Development Company
Priority to AU12124/95A priority Critical patent/AU1212495A/en
Priority to US08/500,944 priority patent/US5783319A/en
Publication of WO1995015021A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995015021A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/168—Solid materials using an organic dye dispersed in a solid matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/0632—Thin film lasers in which light propagates in the plane of the thin film
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094038—End pumping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/20—Liquids
    • H01S3/213—Liquids including an organic dye
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
    • H01S3/2375—Hybrid lasers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to waveguide tunable lasers.
  • lasers an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission radiation" are light amplifying devices which produce high intensity pulses of monochromatic light concentrated in a well-collimated beam, commonly called a laser beam.
  • the laser beam has found wide application in photography, communications, industrial measuring instruments, and the like.
  • the output wavelengths of these traditional dye lasers are also tunable, either by varying the concentration of the solution, by varying the solvent, or by introducing a wavelength selective element such as a grating reflector into the optical cavity to control the emission wavelength.
  • a wavelength selective element such as a grating reflector
  • Significant spectral narrowing without significant energy reduction is an additional benefit obtained with the use of a grating reflector, i.e., line widths of less than 1 Angstrom can be achieved in contrast to the 50-200 Angstrom line widths which are characteristic of dye laser emissions.
  • Typical dye lasers have been pumped with Q-switched ruby or glass lasers, or pumping has been accomplished with flashlamps. Pumping has been either in a longitudinal geometry, in which the pumping radiation is colinear with the optical cavity axis and the stimulated radiation, or in a transverse geometry, with the excitation beams at right angles to the optical cavity axis.
  • Un-doped waveguiding thin filmi made of commercial coating solutions containing silica and esters of titanic acid were prepared by P. Herrmann ["Fabrication of Planar Waveguides with High Optical Damage Threshold," IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, No. QE 19, p. 1735 (1983)] and by D.W. - A -
  • DFB distributed feedback
  • the strong frequency selectivity of Bragg scattering causes a DFB laser to emit light with
  • ⁇ is the period of the spatial modulation of n or of the gain ⁇ .
  • the emission frequency of the laser can be varied by modifying ⁇ .
  • J.E. Bjorkholm and C.V. Shank, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. , Vol QE8, p. 833 (1972) describe depositing Rhodamine 6G doped polyurethane thin film upon a microscope slide, which was used as an active medium. DFB and gain modulation were obtained optically by pumping the thin film with fringes formed by the interference of two coherent beams. Laser generation was observed to be readily tunable in the vicinity of 600 nm, with line widths about 0.02 nm.
  • a similar tunable thin-film DFB laser was constructed as a quartz prism coated with Rhodamine 6G doped polymethyl- methacrylate (PMMA) film.
  • PMMA polymethyl- methacrylate
  • DFB the simplest way to obtain DFB is to modulate the gain and refractive index of film by interference pattern corresponding to the requirements of Bragg condition.
  • Such a pattern may be obtained by interference of two coherent beams crossing at angle q:
  • ⁇ p is the wavelength of the pump radiation, providing at the same time excitation of the dye.
  • n 2 represents the refractive indexes of the film
  • n represents the support materials
  • i is the incidence of the pumping beam relating to the uncoated prism surface.
  • the present invention provides, for the first time, high optical quality waveguiding thin film tunable dye lasers, having tunable organic laser dyes incorporated therein.
  • Waveguided tunable laser emission was observed in the visible spectral range in films doped by perylimide, oxazine, xantene, cyanine and merocyanine dyes, and, based on the teachings of the present invention, it will now be possible to incorporate a large number of organic laser dyes into thin waveguiding films. Laser action has been observed when pvimped by the second harmonic of Nd:YAG laser, with a low threshold of less than 50 ⁇ J.
  • a composite glass film waveguide tunable dye laser said film comprising about 10-80 wt % of a multiplicity of cross-linked networks of silica, said silica networks being optionally modified to include hydrocarbon chains having 2-6 carbon atoms and containing at least one double bond or an oxiran group; about 0-90 wt % of a network-forming or network-modifying amount of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titania, zirconia, alumina, germania, yittria, or a mixture thereof; and about 0-90 wt % of a multiplicity of polyacrylate chains intertwined with said networks, wherein said film is doped with a tunable organic monomeric laser dye and deposited on a substrate, said film having a higher refractive index than that of said substrate.
  • the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a composite glass film waveguide tunable dye laser, comprising about 10-80 wt % of a multiplicity of cross-linked networks of silica, said silica networks being optionally modified to include hydrocarbon chains having 2-6 carbon atoms and containing at least one double bond or an oxiran group; and about 0-90 wt % of a multiplicity of polyacrylate chains intertwined with said networks and doped with a tunable organic monomeric laser dye, said process comprising the steps of: a) forming a solution of at least one alkoxysilane precursor, water, ethanol and a catalyst to effect the hydrolysis of said precursor; b) adding a solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene and toluene; c) effecting azeotropic distillation of the resulting solution to remove water and alcohol; d) adding glacial acetic acid and distilling off said original solvent while adding a tunable organic monomeric laser dye, whereby
  • R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R x is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and n is a whole integer greater than 100 into the remaining solution; and f) distilling off said glacial acetic acid, whereby there is formed a silica polymer composite glass solution doped with a tunable organic monomeric laser dye and suitable for thin layer coating on a substrate having a refractive index lower than that of said film, to form a composite glass film waveguide tunable dye laser.
  • the invention further provides a composite glass film waveguide tunable dye laser, comprising about 10-80 wt % of a multiplicity of cross-linked networks of silica, said silica networks being optionally modified to include hydrocarbon chains having 2-6 carbon atoms and containing at least one double bond or an oxiran group; about 20-90 wt % of a network-forming or network-modifying amount of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titania, zirconia, alumina, germania, yittria, or a mixture thereof, and doped with a tunable organic monomeric laser dye, said process comprising the steps of: a) forming a solution of at least one alkoxysilane precursor, a tunable organic manomeric laser dye, a metal alkoxide precursor and ethanol and effecting the hydrolysis of said metal alkoxide precursor by stirring the solution in an atmosphere saturated with water vapor; and b) adding water with catalyst, to effect the hydrolysis of said alkoxysilane
  • the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a composite glass film waveguide tunable dye laser, comprising about 10-80 wt % of a multiplicity of cross-linked networks of silica, said silica networks being optionally modified to include hydrocarbon chains having 2-6 carbon atoms and containing at least one double bond or an oxiran group; about 20-90 wt % of a network-forming or network-modifying amount of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titania, zirconia, alumina, germania, yittria, or a mixture thereof, and doped with a tunable organic monomeric laser dye, said process comprising the steps of: a) forming a solution of at least one metal alkoxide, alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol and butanol, carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid and propanoic acid, and at least one organically modified silane; b) adding a tunable organic monomeric laser
  • the invention still further provides a process for the preparation of a composite glass film waveguide tunable dye laser, comprising about 20-80 wt % of a multiplicity of cross-linked networks of silica, said silica networks being optionally modified to include hydrocarbon chains having 2-6 carbon atoms and containing at least one double bond or an oxiran group; about 20-90 wt % of a network-forming or network-modifying amount of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titania, zirconia, alumina, germania, yittria, or a mixture thereof; and about 20-90 wt % of a multiplicity of polyacrylate chains intertwined with said networks and doped with a tunable organic laser dye, said process comprising the steps of: a) forming a solution of at least one alkoxysilane precursor, a tunable organic manomeric laser dye, a metal alkoxide precursor and ethanol and effecting the hydrolysis of said metal alkoxide precursor
  • R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and n is a whole integer greater than 100 into the remaining solution; and g) distilling off said glacial acetic acid, whereby there is formed a silica-polymer composite glass solution doped with a tunable organic monomeric laser dye and suitable for thin layer coating on a substrate having a refractive index lower than that of said film, to form a composite glass film waveguide tunable dye laser.
  • n is between 100 and 1,000
  • R can have different values in the same polymer
  • R x can also have different values in the same polymer.
  • the objects of the present invention have now been achieved by recognizing the necessity to adjust the sol-gel matrix to obtain a polarity balance with the selected organic dye, so th ⁇ .”
  • the laser dye will be dispersed in monomeric form and so that the laser molecules do not form - ' ' mers or higher aggregates which dissipate the excitation energy by non-radiative energy transfer.
  • said film comprises at least 30 wt % of one of said metal oxides, to increase the refractive index of said film above the refractive index of said substrate.
  • said metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, zirconia, and mixtures thereof.
  • films comprising 30-65 wt % titania, films comprising 30-65 wt % zirconia and films comprising 30-90 wt % alumina.
  • metal oxides between 30-50 wt %, dramatically increases the thermal conductivity of the film, thus allowing dissipation of heat that optimizes the laser action, its efficiency and its stability.
  • the metal oxides in the glass increase the mechanical stability of the films.
  • the said alkoxysilane precursors have one to four carbon atoms in each of said alkoxy groups; tetraalkoxysilanes, such as tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane and tetrabutoxysilane are preferred.
  • said precursors are tetraalkoxysilane intermixed with a trialkoxysilane derivative having a C 2 -C 6 unsaturated aliphatic chain with one or two double bonds.
  • Preferred polyacrylates for use in the present invention are polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylmethacrylate, polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid.
  • the shrinkage is low because the bulky organic components fill the pores between the inorganic oxide chains.
  • the material reaches its final density at low temperature, especially if the organic groups can cross-link by epoxy or methacryl polymerization.
  • the waveguiding properties of the films are achieved by coating them on either optical quality quartz, glass, metal or fused silica supports of planar or tubular shapes with lower refractive index. Laser action in the waveguides is obtained when doping them by appropriate organic laser dyes, said rhodamines, coumarines, oxazines, DCM, perylimide dyes and other existing laser dyes.
  • the resonance conditions in these active waveguides are achieved by either mirrored cavity, wl- n the mirrors are attached directly to the waveguide ⁇ is, or by DFB, while the tunability is achieved by applying of either variable DFB configuration or adjustable grating in Littrow configuration as a component of mirrored cavity mentioned hereinabove.
  • An unstable laser cavity is achieved in the waveguide without additional or external mirrors or gratings.
  • the slope efficiency of waveguide laser devices described herein reaches about 20% value, relative to the absorbed pumping energy.
  • Fig. 1 represents the spontaneous fluorescence of Lumogen
  • Fig. 2 represents the spontaneous fluorescence of Rhodamine
  • FIG. 6G solid line
  • FIG. 3 represents the spontaneous fluorescence of DCM (solid line) and the guided ray spectrum (dashed line)
  • Fig. 4 represents the output energy dependence on pumping energy in R6G doped waveguiding film
  • Fig. 5 represents the output energy dependence on pumping energy in DCM doped waveguiding film
  • Fig. 6 represents the output energy dependence on pumping energy in Lumogen LFR 300 doped waveguiding film
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of the amplification experiment described hereinbelow
  • Fig. 8 represents the guided beam amplification as a function of the energy of the pumping pulses
  • Fig. 9 presents spontaneous and stimulated emission spectra of Lumogene LFR 300 dye in composite glass film
  • Fig. 10 schematically represents a tunable DFB laser device
  • Fig. 11 represents the tuning of Lumogen LFR 300 composite glass film laser output wavelength when pumped in combination with prism, showing both Bragg scattering and laser output
  • Fig. 12 presents spontaneous and stimulated emission spectra of Lumogene LFR 240 dye in composite glass film
  • Fig. 13 illustrates the structure of Rhodamine 610
  • Fig. 14 illustrates the structure of DCM
  • Fig. 15 illustrates the structure of Lumogen LFR 240
  • Fig. 16 illustrates the structure of Lumogen LFR 300
  • Fig. 17 illustrates the structure of Rhodamine 6G.
  • Titanium tetraethoxide, titanium tetraisopropoxide, GLYMO ( ⁇ -GLYcid ⁇ loxiprop ⁇ ltriMethOxysilane) , phenyl- triethoxysilane, TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) , Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 were purchased from Aldrich. Glacial acetic acid, propionic acid, propanol and absolute ethanol were purchased from Frutarom.
  • Titanium tetraalkoxides titanium tetraethoxide or titanium tetraisopropoxide
  • tetraalkoxysilane tetraalkoxysilane
  • the hydrolysis is performed by- slow addition " of water to the solution, to avoid Ti0 2 precipitation or uncontrolled gelation, or by homogenous generation of water through a water-generating esterification reaction.
  • the ormosie is added before or after the hydrolysis.
  • the solution is filtered and the films are prepared either by dip-coating or by spin-coating on glass or quartz substrate.
  • a typical procedure used 15 ml of Et-OH, 5 ml AC-OH, 7 ml Ti(OEt) * , 4.2 ml GLYMO (molar ratio Ti:GLYMO 1.75:1).
  • the solution was boiled under reflux for 4 hours for water generation by esterification reaction, cooled for 1/2 hour to room temperature, and filtered.
  • Films were prepared by dip-coating at a withdrawal speed of 20 cm/min. The dip- coating procedure was performed on a clean table (Class 100).
  • Doped glass was prepared by the dissolution of red perylimide dye Lumogen LFR 300 (BASF) at concentration of about 10 "3 M into the original solution before the reflux stage.
  • BASF red perylimide dye Lumogen LFR 300
  • Another possibility of increasing the refractive index is to replace the organic aliphatic part of the ormosie by aromatic groups that cause the refractive index to increase via their rt electrons. Replacing the GLYMO by phenyltriethoxysilane caused an increase in refractive index from 1.60 to 1.63.
  • the control of the film thickness is achieved either by changing the withdrawal speed in dip-coating or the spinning rate in spin-coating, or by changing the concentration of the coating solution.
  • An He-Ne laser beam was used, coupled into the film by means of a rutile prism.
  • the propogation constants of three modes were determined by measuring the coupling angles into the prism. Typically, three TE and TM modes were found.
  • the refractive index of the film and its thickness were determined by fitting the propogation constants to a step index slab model.
  • the term nd (n being the refractive index, and d the film thickness) was independently determined from the interference pattern obtained with a Lambda-5 spectrometer, using the formula: where ⁇ i, ⁇ 2 are wavelengths of neighboring maxima or minima.
  • Waveguiding films were doped by a variety of dyes, including perylimide dyes, Rhodamines (Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine 610), DCM, Kiton red and acridines.
  • Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine 610, DCM In films doped by Lumogen LFR 300 (BASF), Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine 610, DCM, a significant spectral narrowing of the guided ray that evolves from the film edge or coupled out by a prism is observed, when pumping a strip along the guide by Nd-YAG second harmonics laser pulse.
  • the ray power dependence in the pumping power shows a threshold behavior typical to a laser or super radiant system.
  • Fig. 7 represents the guided beam amplification as a function of the pumping pulse energy.
  • TEOS tetraethoxysilane
  • Si(OC 2 H B ) 4 triethoxyvinylsilane
  • PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
  • the derived solid composite material contains 50 wt % silica.
  • the films were prepared either by dip-coating, spin- coating, or spread-coating, on quartz glass slides. Cr— - free films were prepared of up to 0.015 mm thickness. _ne photostability of the doped films was tested with 60 MW/cm 2 and 10 Hz repetition rate from a Nd:YAG laser. No bleaching or other damage was observed after hundreds of pulses. The density of the films was as high as 1.68 g/cm 3 , and their refractive index was 1.48, providing the films' waveguiding properties when coated upon quartz supports (refractive index, 1.46 at 633 nm) . The film edges were made completely flat for laser measurements.
  • FIG. 9 A typical laser spectrum is presented in Fig. 9. A tunability in the range of 615-630 nm was achieved on film coated upon the quartz prism, as shown in Fig. 10. The tunability spectrum is presented in Fig. 11 in comparison to that of calculated backward Bragg scattering.
  • a composite glass film was prepared as described above in Example 2, using 20% molar of titanium tetraisopropoxide instead of silicon tetraethoxide, and doped by Lumogen LFR 240 dye.
  • the derived solid composite material contains 43 mass. % of silica and 7 mass. % of titania, while the rest consists of organic and polymer moieties.
  • the laser spectrum is given in Fig. 12, as compared to that of spontaneous emission, when a resonator cavity was made by two partially transparent mirrors, butted and merged directly to the waveguide ends with the aid of epoxy glue.
  • Table 1 presents the laser dyes used in the above examples, and summarizes the lasing range and the threshold of laser operation.
  • Dye Abs. max Tuning Spontaneous Laser Threshold, nm range, emission Spec, width, ⁇ j/pulse nm spec, width, nm nm

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un laser à colorants accordable, en guide d'onde, à feuille de verre composite. La feuille de verre composite comprend (a) environ 10 à 80 % en poids de plusieurs réseaux réticulés de silice, ces réseaux de silice étant éventuellement modifiés afin de comporter des chaînes d'hydrocarbure possédant de 2 à 6 atomes de carbone et contenant au moins une liaison double ou un groupe oxiranne; (b) environ 0 à 90 % en poids d'une quantité formant un réseau ou modifiant un réseau d'un oxyde métallique sélectionné dans le groupe constitué de dioxyde de titane, de zircone, d'oxyde d'aluminium, d'oxyde de germanium, d'yttria ou d'un mélange de ceux-ci; et (c) environ 0 à 90 % en poids de plusieurs chaînes de polyacrylate entrelacés avec les réseaux. La feuille de verre composite est enduite d'un colorant à laser monomère, organique, accordable et déposée sur un substrat, cette feuille ayant un indice de réfraction supérieur à celui du substrat.
PCT/US1994/013548 1993-11-26 1994-11-23 Lasers accordables, en guide d'onde et leurs procedes de production WO1995015021A1 (fr)

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AU12124/95A AU1212495A (en) 1993-11-26 1994-11-23 Waveguide tunable lasers and processes for the production thereof
US08/500,944 US5783319A (en) 1993-11-26 1994-11-23 Waveguide tunable lasers and processes for the production thereof

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IL10777493A IL107774A (en) 1993-11-26 1993-11-26 Waveguide tunable lasers and processes for the production thereof

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Cited By (2)

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US6022592A (en) * 1998-07-20 2000-02-08 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Process for preparing a solid state dye laser
US6562424B1 (en) * 1998-01-22 2003-05-13 Yissum Research Development Company Photochemical sensors and method for the production thereof

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SHAMRAKOV D ET AL: "Superradiant film laser operation in red perylimide dye doped silica-polymethylmethacrylate composite", CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 1 OCT. 1993, NETHERLANDS, VOL. 213, NR. 1-2, PAGE(S) 47 - 53, ISSN 0009-2614 *
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6562424B1 (en) * 1998-01-22 2003-05-13 Yissum Research Development Company Photochemical sensors and method for the production thereof
US6022592A (en) * 1998-07-20 2000-02-08 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Process for preparing a solid state dye laser

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AU1212495A (en) 1995-06-13
IL107774A0 (en) 1994-02-27

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