WO1995013646A1 - Hybrid alternating current uninterrruptible power supply - Google Patents

Hybrid alternating current uninterrruptible power supply Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995013646A1
WO1995013646A1 PCT/PT1994/000012 PT9400012W WO9513646A1 WO 1995013646 A1 WO1995013646 A1 WO 1995013646A1 PT 9400012 W PT9400012 W PT 9400012W WO 9513646 A1 WO9513646 A1 WO 9513646A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mains
alternating current
generator
power supply
diesel engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PT1994/000012
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
António Victor ADRAGÃO ANUNCIADA
João José ESTEVES SANTANA
Original Assignee
Fraep - Fábrica De Aparelhagem De Precisão E Electrónica De Potência, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraep - Fábrica De Aparelhagem De Precisão E Electrónica De Potência, S.A. filed Critical Fraep - Fábrica De Aparelhagem De Precisão E Electrónica De Potência, S.A.
Publication of WO1995013646A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995013646A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/08—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems requiring starting of a prime-mover
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • Static uninterruptible power supplies present an important drawback - the energy is supplied to the user network for a short period of only 5 to 20 minutes because of the batteries energy storage limited capacity.
  • UPS Static uninterruptible power supplies
  • the system has three operating modes: a) Normal operation: when mains is present; b) Diesel engine start and transfer mode, immediately after mains failure; c) Emergency operation: when mains is not present and the diesel engine drives the AC generator.
  • the diesel engine On normal operation mode the diesel engine is stopped and the DC/AC converter is switched off.
  • the electrical motor is supplied from mains and drives the AC generator, which supplies energy to the user.
  • the user is electrically isolated from the mains.
  • the user electrical current harmonic distortion and power factor have no consequences on the mains. Due to the electrical motor slip the AC generator frequency is about 0.5% less than the mains frequency. In order to avoid a wide frequency slip the nominal power of the electrical motor is 20% to 100% larger than the AC generator rated power.
  • An auxilliary battery charger keeps both batteries fully charged (the diesel engine start up battery and the DC/AC converter battery ) .
  • An electronic control circuit monitors the mains voltage and frequency, in order to switch the system into the diesel start and transfer mode b) , whenever the mains fails or exhibits significant perturbations.
  • the DC/AC converter power circuits are switched off, but the control circuit is in permanent operation, thus keeping permanent synchronism with the mains.
  • the DC/AC converter power circuits are activated and SI switch connects the output of the DC/AC converter to the electrical motor.
  • the kinetic energy of the electrical machines is enough to keep them rotating, and to maintain the output voltage and frequency, during SI change over time.
  • the DC/AC converter drives the electrical motor for a short time interval ( less than 1 minute ) .
  • the diesel engine starts and reaches the electrical machines rotating speed.
  • the free wheel clutch is operated and the power torque i ⁇ transferred from the electrical motor to the diesel engine.
  • the system is in emergency operation mode c) .
  • the DC/AC converter is operative for only a short period ( 1 minute at the maximum ) ; a full bridge, square wave, inverter thermally designed for a short operating period is enough.
  • the battery capacity is also very small when compared against conventional UPS batteries.
  • An additional option in this system is an emergency output.
  • the AC generator and the diesel engine are power rated to the total required power and the electrical motor i ⁇ dimensioned to twice the UPS required power.
  • S2 switch is normally switched to A and the user emergency circuit is connected to the main ⁇ .
  • the UPS and the emergency output power rates are almost independent. However, mechanical con ⁇ traints concerning the axles size ⁇ limit the minimum UPS power to about half the total output power.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

This invention is concerning a new concept of alternating current (AC) uninterruptible power supply (UPS) without an autonomy limit. The power supply comprises a diesel engine (1), an asynchronous motor (2), an AC generator (3), an inverter (or a direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) -DC to AC- converter) (4), a small battery (5) and a free wheel clutch (6). The system is intended to provide power to an AC distribution network without any interruption. This purpose is achieved as follows: when the mains power is available it is driving the asynchronous motor which, in turn, drives the AC generator. The load network is isolated from the mains by the two electrical machines (2 and 3), and the remaining components of the system are idle; when mains fails the inverter (4) drives the asynchronous motor (2) using the battery (5) power and keeping the AC generator (3) running. Meanwhile the diesel engine (1) starts, engages the free wheel clutch (6) and drives the common axis of the two electrical machines (2 and 3), to take over the load. The inverter (4) is switched off; when mains returns the asynchronous motor (2) is driven again and the diesel engine (1) is stopped. The system also includes a set of switches (S1 and S2) that switch on and off the equipment input and output, and an overall control unit (7). This system is intended to provide power supply to the electrical distribution network in buildings and installations where any interruption of AC power is not allowed, such as data processing centers, hospitals, airports, continuous operation industrial processes and other public buildings.

Description

DESCRIPTION
HYBRID ALTERNATING CURRENT UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY
Introduction
Static uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) present an important drawback - the energy is supplied to the user network for a short period of only 5 to 20 minutes because of the batteries energy storage limited capacity. When power supply is required for longer mains failure periods there is a need to use a diesel motor generator group in series with the static UPS to avoid the interruption of energy supply during the engine start time, and to isolate the user network from voltage surges and pulses - and other mains perturbations. This association of a diesel generator together with a static UPS is expensive and bulky.
There is a number of manufacturers that offer UPS solutions with a diesel engine together with electrical machines. The known solutions are:
- an association of diesel engine, AC generator, synchronous motor and a kinetic energy storage device, usually a large and heavy flywheel;
- an association of a diesel engine and complex "multiple rotor" electrical machines;
- an association of a diesel engine, an AC generator and a static UPS.
These solutions are bulky and expensive and they present some technical drawbacks. The system under consideration is different. It is an association of a standard diesel engine, an asynchronous electrical machine, an AC generator, an electronic DC/AC converter, a small battery and a free wheel clutch.
System Structure
In order to provide a better clarification of the present invention, a drawing sheet, where the main components of the system are shown, is annexed to this description. The mechanical connection between the diesel engine and the AC motor is made trough a free wheel clutch, thus allowing the AC generator to rotate while the diesel engine is idle. The AC generator and the asynchronous motor share the same axle. The motor is normally mains powered. When mains fails the motor is supplied from a lead acid battery through the DC/AC converter.
SUBSTITUTESHEET Operation Principles
The system has three operating modes: a) Normal operation: when mains is present; b) Diesel engine start and transfer mode, immediately after mains failure; c) Emergency operation: when mains is not present and the diesel engine drives the AC generator.
On normal operation mode the diesel engine is stopped and the DC/AC converter is switched off. The electrical motor is supplied from mains and drives the AC generator, which supplies energy to the user. The user is electrically isolated from the mains. The user electrical current harmonic distortion and power factor have no consequences on the mains. Due to the electrical motor slip the AC generator frequency is about 0.5% less than the mains frequency. In order to avoid a wide frequency slip the nominal power of the electrical motor is 20% to 100% larger than the AC generator rated power.
An auxilliary battery charger keeps both batteries fully charged ( the diesel engine start up battery and the DC/AC converter battery ) . An electronic control circuit monitors the mains voltage and frequency, in order to switch the system into the diesel start and transfer mode b) , whenever the mains fails or exhibits significant perturbations. The DC/AC converter power circuits are switched off, but the control circuit is in permanent operation, thus keeping permanent synchronism with the mains.
On a mains failure event the DC/AC converter power circuits are activated and SI switch connects the output of the DC/AC converter to the electrical motor. The kinetic energy of the electrical machines is enough to keep them rotating, and to maintain the output voltage and frequency, during SI change over time. The DC/AC converter drives the electrical motor for a short time interval ( less than 1 minute ) . Meanwhile, the diesel engine starts and reaches the electrical machines rotating speed. At that point the free wheel clutch is operated and the power torque iε transferred from the electrical motor to the diesel engine. The system is in emergency operation mode c) .
On emergency operation the DC/AC converter remains switched off and the batteries are charged. When the mains voltage and frequency return to their normal operating limits, the control circuit brings SI back to the normal operation mode setting.
SUBSTITUTESHEET The DC/AC converter is operative for only a short period ( 1 minute at the maximum ) ; a full bridge, square wave, inverter thermally designed for a short operating period is enough. The battery capacity is also very small when compared against conventional UPS batteries.
An additional option in this system is an emergency output. When the user also requires an emergency output with a standard diesel engine/AC generator group ( short power break, automatic change over from mains to AC generator ) , the AC generator and the diesel engine are power rated to the total required power and the electrical motor iε dimensioned to twice the UPS required power. Aε a result, the syεtem aε two outputε:
- a no break mainε isolated output;
- an emergency output, with a short break after mains failure.
S2 switch is normally switched to A and the user emergency circuit is connected to the mainε. When the diesel engine εtartε up S2 iε εwitched to B and connectε the user emergency circuit to the AC generator.
The UPS and the emergency output power rates are almost independent. However, mechanical conεtraints concerning the axles sizeε limit the minimum UPS power to about half the total output power.
SUBSTITUTESHEET

Claims

Uninterruptible alternating current power εupply with the characteriεtic of being achieved by the aεεociation of the following industry standard machines: one AC generator, one asynchronouε motor, one dieεel engine and one free wheel clutch - with one electronic power inverter (DC\AC converter) .
Uninterruptible alternating current power εupply aε described in claim one, with the characteristic of using a εtatic power inverter, juεt for the time required for the dieεel engine to εtart up and to take over the load.
Uninterruptible alternating current power εupply aε described in claims one and two, with the characteristic that the asynchronous motor is oversized in order to reduce the frequency slip in order to keep the output frequency close to the nominal value.
Uninterruptible alternating current power supply aε described in claims one, two and three, with the characteristic that it can have an additional output, not isolated from the mains, where a εhort interruption occurε when the mainε fails.
SUBSTITUTESHEET
PCT/PT1994/000012 1993-11-08 1994-11-07 Hybrid alternating current uninterrruptible power supply WO1995013646A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT101400 1993-11-08
PT10140093A PT101400A (en) 1993-11-08 1993-11-08 POWER SUPPLY WITHOUT HYBRID ALTERNATE CURRENT INTERRUPTING

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995013646A1 true WO1995013646A1 (en) 1995-05-18

Family

ID=20085340

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/PT1994/000012 WO1995013646A1 (en) 1993-11-08 1994-11-07 Hybrid alternating current uninterrruptible power supply

Country Status (2)

Country Link
PT (1) PT101400A (en)
WO (1) WO1995013646A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1261099A2 (en) * 2001-05-23 2002-11-27 General Electric Company Low-energy storage fast-start uninterruptible power supply system and method
US6879053B1 (en) 2002-10-22 2005-04-12 Youtility, Inc. Transformerless, load adaptive speed controller
GB2428764A (en) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-07 Drive Systems Ltd Rotary drive system
EP1751835A1 (en) * 2004-06-01 2007-02-14 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fuel saving engine driven aircraft ground power device and method of use
ES2697599A1 (en) * 2017-07-25 2019-01-25 Todorov Georgiev Georgi Autonomous equipment without the need for food (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
DE102012024791B4 (en) * 2012-12-19 2021-03-25 Polyma Energiesysteme Gmbh Decentralized power generator and island network

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3138894A1 (en) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-14 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Device for supplying a load with a protected voltage at a predetermined frequency
WO1985001021A1 (en) * 1983-08-29 1985-03-14 Power Group International Corporation Uninterruptible power system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3138894A1 (en) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-14 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Device for supplying a load with a protected voltage at a predetermined frequency
WO1985001021A1 (en) * 1983-08-29 1985-03-14 Power Group International Corporation Uninterruptible power system

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BOLLINGER ET AL: "groupes électrogènes 'no-break' pour reseau de haute qualité", REVUE GENERALE DE L'ELECTRICITE, no. 11, December 1992 (1992-12-01), PARIS FR, pages 33 - 38 *
DOLEZAL: "ups-dynamic-rotary systems with flywheel and diesel engine", INTELEC 87-CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 14 June 1987 (1987-06-14), STOCKHOLM, pages 187 - 192 *
LENGEFELD: "rotary ups-more reliable for new computers", COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY REVIEW., vol. 9, no. 16, January 1990 (1990-01-01), LOS ANGELES US, pages 107 - 111 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1261099A2 (en) * 2001-05-23 2002-11-27 General Electric Company Low-energy storage fast-start uninterruptible power supply system and method
EP1261099A3 (en) * 2001-05-23 2005-08-17 General Electric Company Low-energy storage fast-start uninterruptible power supply system and method
US7129593B2 (en) 2001-05-23 2006-10-31 General Electric Company Low-energy storage fast-start uninterruptible power supply method
US6879053B1 (en) 2002-10-22 2005-04-12 Youtility, Inc. Transformerless, load adaptive speed controller
EP1751835A1 (en) * 2004-06-01 2007-02-14 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fuel saving engine driven aircraft ground power device and method of use
GB2428764A (en) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-07 Drive Systems Ltd Rotary drive system
DE102012024791B4 (en) * 2012-12-19 2021-03-25 Polyma Energiesysteme Gmbh Decentralized power generator and island network
ES2697599A1 (en) * 2017-07-25 2019-01-25 Todorov Georgiev Georgi Autonomous equipment without the need for food (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT101400A (en) 1995-06-30

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