WO1995007881A1 - Synthesis of sarcosinate surfactants - Google Patents
Synthesis of sarcosinate surfactants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995007881A1 WO1995007881A1 PCT/US1994/009964 US9409964W WO9507881A1 WO 1995007881 A1 WO1995007881 A1 WO 1995007881A1 US 9409964 W US9409964 W US 9409964W WO 9507881 A1 WO9507881 A1 WO 9507881A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sarcosinate
- salt
- sodium
- base catalyst
- amido
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the chemical synthesis of sarcosinate compounds useful as surfactants.
- the amido acids comprise one class of chemicals whose amido and carboxylate functional groups suggest their use as surfactants (e.g., sarcosinates), fabric softeners, antistatic agents and the like. Moreover, the amido acids constitute a basic raw material for the amido phenyl ester sulfonate class of chemicals which can serve as bleach activators in laundry detergents and other types of bleach-containing cleaning compositions. On the positive side, the amido acids and their aforementioned derivatives are potentially obtainable from inexpensive raw materials. Unfortunately, the synthesis of certain amido acids is somewhat complicated and can involve the use of solvents, with additional problems associated with recycle streams and the like. Problems can also arise with the formation of undesirable colored by-products. The present invention provides a simple method for the synthesis of sarcosinate amido acids.
- reaction sequences herein proceed in acceptable yields (typically 80%, and higher) and, importantly, result in products with minimal discoloration.
- the reactions may be conducted without added solvents, i.e., the reactants or products act as solvents.
- the reaction products need not be extensively purified which further improves the overall economics of the processes.
- Patent 3,836,551 to Schroeder et al., for salts of N-acylamino carboxylic acids said to be made by reacting an amino acid and a carboxylic acid, ester, or amide at 100° C - 250° C in the presence of a salt-forming basic compound such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, a tertiary amine, or a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
- a salt-forming basic compound such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, a tertiary amine, or a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
- R ⁇ is a C, or higher hydrocarbyl substituent (preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl), and M is an alkali metal salt;
- step (b) optionally, neutralizing the salt formed by step (a) to form the sarcosinate amido acid, whereby M is hydrogen in Formula IA.
- the preferred method for preparing said sarcosinate amido acids is conducted at a temperature from about 80°C to about 200°C, especially from about 120°C to about 200°C.
- (b) use a basic catalyst such as a sodium or potassium alkoxide.
- the reaction proceeds in about 85% yield with a molar ratio of fatty methyl ester reactant to sarcosine salt reactant to basic catalyst of about 1 1 0 05-0 2
- the carboxylic acid ester reactant can be selected from alkyl esters (preferably methyl or ethyl) of straight chain aliphatic, branched chain aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic, heteroaromatic, ethercarboxylic and cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids
- alkyl esters preferably methyl or ethyl
- Nonlimiting examples include methyl or ethyl esters of the following carboxylic acids' acetic, propionic, butyric, caprylic, caproic, nonanoic, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic, decanoic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, behenic, 2-methyl-undecanoic, 2-butyl-octanoic, 2-ethyl-hexanoic, alkyl- and alkenylsuccinic, adipic, cyclohexyl, C
- Methyl ester mixtures derived from high oleic content natural oils are especially preferred as starting materials for amido acid surfactants.
- the sarcosine salt reactant can be, for example, the sodium or potassium salts of sarcosine.
- the sodium salt of sarcosine can be generated either by neutralizing the amino acid with a sodium hydroxide solution and then drying or by neutralizing with sodium methoxide (convenient for lab preparations since it does not introduce water).
- reaction conditions in the present invention process may be as follows Any air in the system during the amidation step causes darkening of the reaction mixture. Consequently, an inert gas (nitrogen is convenient) is sparged through the reaction mixture during this step. Inert gases such as argon, or the like, can also be used.
- Inert gases such as argon, or the like, can also be used. The objective is to provide a nonoxidizing reaction system in order to minimize the formation of colored contaminants.
- An alcohol can serve as the solvent for the amide formation step. It is preferred that the alcohol boiling point be less than 200°C, if it must be removed from the amido acid. 1-Butanol is a preferred solvent, since it can easily be removed from the product by distillation and for economical reasons be easily recycled
- the sarcosine salt can be dried either by heating to ⁇ 100°C under vacuum or by using a solvent (e.g., 1-butanol) to azeotropically remove water Alternatively, the sarcosine salt can be dispersed in the fatty methyl ester and heated to ⁇ 140°C at ambient pressure for 0.5 hr. Excess hydroxide in the sarcosine salt can be neutralized with acid prior to drying or if it is at a low level, acid can be added to the amidation reaction mixture prior to adding the fatty ester and alkoxide base.
- a solvent e.g., 1-butanol
- the amidation reaction mixture can be very viscous and the use of alcohol solvents can reduce the viscosity.
- Various alcohols boiling above 100°C are suitable including 1-propanol, 1- and iso-butanol, 1-hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, octanol, propylene and ethylene glycol.
- Fatty acid salts or amido acid salts also help solubilize the reactants.
- no solvent is necessary if the reaction is performed at 160-200°C.
- oleoyl sarcosinate sodium salt is fluid at these temperatures and is capable of solubilizing the reactants It is generally useful to take part of a previous reaction mixture (heel) to solubilize the reactants of the next amidation reaction
- a base with a basicity equal to or greater than alkoxides is necessary to catalyze amidation.
- alkoxides are suitable such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, and potassium t-butoxide.
- Bases capable of forming alkoxides from alcohols are also suitable including sodium metal, potassium metal, sodium and potassium hydride. Sodium methoxide is preferred for economic reasons.
- the order of reagent addition is also important for minimizing fatty acid salt production. It is preferred to first disperse the sarcosine salt in the solvent with the fatty methyl ester or heel of the previous reaction and then heat to the desired reaction temperature. This helps drive off any water which may be present in the sarcosine salt or fatty methyl ester. The basic catalyst is added last.
- Reaction temperatures in the amidation step will typically be above about 80°C and below about 200°C and are preferably in the range from about 1 10°C to about 200°C.
- a pressure vessel in order to achieve the desired reaction temperature.
- Reaction times can vary, of course, depending on the reactant volumes being employed. However, as a general rule for reactions in the 100 mis size range, a reaction time in the range from about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours is sufficient.
- the alcohol originating from the carboxylic acid ester (typically methanol) is distilled from the reaction.
- some of the alcohol solvent typically butanol
- foaming caused by methanol evaporation can be a problem.
- Addition of common defoamers such as Dow Corning Silicone 200 can alleviate this.
- Antioxidants commonly used in foods and plastics industries may also be added to the reaction mixture to improve color and/or odor of the sarcosinate product, such as BHA, BHT, Tenox, and/or Irganox antioxidants.
- Metal sequestrants may also be useful in the present process for similar benefits, and include for example Dequest 2066.
- Reaction stoichiometry in the amidation step employs a molar ratio of sarcosine salt reactant to carboxylic acid ester to basic catalyst of about 1 : 1 :0.05-0.2.
- Sarcosine remaining in the reaction mixture can be converted to an amide by addition of maleic or acetic anhydride to the mixture. Minimizing the sarcosine content minimizes any potential for nitrosamine formation.
- the sarcosinate amido acid salt can be neutralized to the sarcosinate amido acid and the alcohol solvent removed.
- acids e.g., sulfuric, formic acids
- acetic acid is not as preferred as formic acid because sodium acetate is more soluble than sodium formate in methanol/butanol
- Formic acid is convenient if 1 -butanol is the reaction solvent Sodium formate is sparingly soluble in 1 -butanol and precipitates
- Amido acid is soluble in the butanol Typically a molar ratio of acid to amido acid salt of about 1 1 is used
- butanol is removed from the amido acid by distillation and can be recycled
- Weight Percent Compound (Cone Compound, ppm) * Vg_* 1 00 o /o c
- V c Volume of flask in which unknown sample was prepared (in L)
- reaction mixture is then heated to 160°C and methyl oleate 70% (40.0 g, 0.094 mol) is added. Reaction is kept at 180°C for 1 .0 hr during which methanol is collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The reaction is allowed to cool and the desired product (49.8 g) is obtained.
- reaction is initiated by the addition of sodium methoxide 25% in methanol (1 1 9 g, 0.055 mol) Reaction is kept at 170°C for 2.5 hr during which methanol is collected in the Dean-Stark trap The reaction is allowed to cool to 70°C and methanol (250 mL) is added to the reaction mixture in order to transfer it out of the flask Ethyl acetate (250 mL) is added to the methanol solution and this solution is kept at 40°C overnight in order to precipitate fatty acid salts.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7509230A JPH09502716A (en) | 1993-03-04 | 1994-09-01 | Synthesis of sarcosinate surfactant |
EP94927333A EP0719248A1 (en) | 1993-09-14 | 1994-09-01 | Synthesis of sarcosinate surfactants |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/206,475 | 1993-03-04 | ||
US12100793A | 1993-09-14 | 1993-09-14 | |
US08/121,007 | 1993-09-14 | ||
US20647594A | 1994-03-04 | 1994-03-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995007881A1 true WO1995007881A1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
Family
ID=26818984
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/009964 WO1995007881A1 (en) | 1993-03-04 | 1994-09-01 | Synthesis of sarcosinate surfactants |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0719248A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH09502716A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2171710A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995007881A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996009278A1 (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-03-28 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing n-acylaminocarboxylic acids and n-acylaminosulphonic acids and their alkaline metal salts |
WO1997000852A1 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-01-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Synthesis of n-acyl-n-alkylcarboxylates |
WO1997003043A1 (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-01-30 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for preparing n-acylaminocarboxylic acids and n-acylaminosulphonic acids and the alkali metal salts thereof |
US5710295A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1998-01-20 | Hampshire Chemical Corp. | Preparation of alkali metal acyl amino acids |
WO2015026538A1 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-26 | Stepan Company | Process for preparing n-acyl amino acid salts |
US9156777B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2015-10-13 | Stepan Company | Process for preparing N-acyl amino acid salts |
WO2018001680A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-04 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Method for producing surfactants |
WO2022261634A1 (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | N-acyl amino acid surfactants and derivatives thereof |
US11692099B2 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-07-04 | Calusa Bio, Llc | Poly(sarcosine) polymer excipients |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1543634A1 (en) * | 1965-01-28 | 1969-07-31 | Grace W R & Co | Process for the preparation of N-acylamino acids |
US3836551A (en) * | 1970-01-30 | 1974-09-17 | Roehm Gmbh | Method for making salts of n-acylamino carboxylic acids |
EP0033392A1 (en) * | 1980-02-02 | 1981-08-12 | Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the acylation of amino acids |
JPS63216852A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1988-09-09 | Kao Corp | Production of secondary amide derivative |
-
1994
- 1994-09-01 EP EP94927333A patent/EP0719248A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-09-01 CA CA 2171710 patent/CA2171710A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-01 WO PCT/US1994/009964 patent/WO1995007881A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-09-01 JP JP7509230A patent/JPH09502716A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1543634A1 (en) * | 1965-01-28 | 1969-07-31 | Grace W R & Co | Process for the preparation of N-acylamino acids |
US3836551A (en) * | 1970-01-30 | 1974-09-17 | Roehm Gmbh | Method for making salts of n-acylamino carboxylic acids |
EP0033392A1 (en) * | 1980-02-02 | 1981-08-12 | Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the acylation of amino acids |
JPS63216852A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1988-09-09 | Kao Corp | Production of secondary amide derivative |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 8842, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 88-296461 * |
K. MATSUMOTO ET AL.: "Direct Aminolysis of Unactivated Esters at High-Pressure", ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE. INTERNATIONAL EDITION, vol. 25, no. 6, 1986, WEINHEIM DE, pages 565 - 566 * |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5856538A (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1999-01-05 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of N-acylamino carboxylic acids and N-acylamino sulfonic acids and their alkali metal salts |
WO1996009278A1 (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-03-28 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing n-acylaminocarboxylic acids and n-acylaminosulphonic acids and their alkaline metal salts |
US5710295A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1998-01-20 | Hampshire Chemical Corp. | Preparation of alkali metal acyl amino acids |
WO1997000852A1 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-01-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Synthesis of n-acyl-n-alkylcarboxylates |
WO1997003043A1 (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-01-30 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for preparing n-acylaminocarboxylic acids and n-acylaminosulphonic acids and the alkali metal salts thereof |
US9156777B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2015-10-13 | Stepan Company | Process for preparing N-acyl amino acid salts |
JP2016528284A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2016-09-15 | ステパン カンパニー | Process for preparing N-acyl amino acid salts |
CN105531256A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2016-04-27 | 斯泰潘公司 | Process for preparing N-acyl amino acid salts |
WO2015026538A1 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-26 | Stepan Company | Process for preparing n-acyl amino acid salts |
US9593072B2 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2017-03-14 | Stepan Company | Process for preparing N-acyl amino acid salts |
CN105531256B (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2017-11-07 | 斯泰潘公司 | Method for preparing N acyl amino hydrochlorates |
WO2018001680A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-04 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Method for producing surfactants |
US10618867B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2020-04-14 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Method for producing surfactants |
WO2022261634A1 (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | N-acyl amino acid surfactants and derivatives thereof |
US11692099B2 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-07-04 | Calusa Bio, Llc | Poly(sarcosine) polymer excipients |
US11718754B2 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-08-08 | Calusa Bio, Llc | Poly(sarcosine) polymer excipients |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH09502716A (en) | 1997-03-18 |
EP0719248A1 (en) | 1996-07-03 |
CA2171710A1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
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