WO1994027674B1 - Defibrillator with self-test features - Google Patents
Defibrillator with self-test featuresInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994027674B1 WO1994027674B1 PCT/US1994/005557 US9405557W WO9427674B1 WO 1994027674 B1 WO1994027674 B1 WO 1994027674B1 US 9405557 W US9405557 W US 9405557W WO 9427674 B1 WO9427674 B1 WO 9427674B1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- defibrillator
- test
- self
- conductors
- electrode
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 23
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000737 periodic Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 1
Abstract
A defibrillator (30) with an automatic self-test system (42) that includes a test signal generator and a defibrillator status indicator. The test system (42) preferably performs functional tests and calibration verification tests automatically in response to test signals generated periodically and/or in response to predetermined conditions or events and indicates the test results visually and audibly. The invention also relates to a method for automatically determining and indicating a defibrillator's status without human intervention.
Claims
1. A defibrillator comprising: a high voltage delivery system comprising an energy source and a switch connecting the energy source to the exterior of the defibrillator; a controller operably connected to the high voltage delivery system; and a self-test system comprising a defibrillator status indicator and a test signal generator.
2. The defibrillator of claim 1 wherein the self-test system further comprises a functionality tester and communication channels between the functionality tester and the test signal generator and between the functionality tester and the status indicator.
3. The defibrillator of claim 2 wherein the self-test system further comprises a relay having an operational position and a test position, the self- test system further comprising a communication channel between the functionality tester and the relay.
4. The defibrillator of claim 1 wherein the self-test system further comprises a calibration verifier and communication channels between the calibration verifier and the test signal generator and between the calibration verifier and the status indicator.
5. The defibrillator of claim 4 further comprising an overcurrent detector, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the calibration verifier and the overcurrent detector.
6. The defibrillator of claim 4 further comprising an undercurrent detector, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the calibration verifier and the undercurrent detector.
7. The defibrillator of claim 4 further comprising an overvoltage detector, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the calibration verifier and the overvoltage detector.
8. The defibrillator of claim 4 further comprising an ECG front end, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the calibration verifier and the ECG front end.
9. The defibrillator of claim 4 wherein the high voltage delivery system comprises a resistor serving as a reference standard, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the calibration verifier and the resistor.
10. The defibrillator of claim 9 further comprising a second resistor, wherein the high voltage delivery system resistor and the second resistor together are reference standards for the defibrillator.
11. The defibrillator of claim 4 wherein the high voltage delivery system comprises a capacitor, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the calibration verifier and the capacitor.
12. The defibrillator of claim 4 wherein the controller comprises a clock serving as a reference standard, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the calibration verifier and the clock.
13. The defibrillator of claim 12 further comprising a second clock, wherein the controller clock and the second clock together are reference standards for the defibrillator.
14. The defibrillator of claim 4 further comprising a voltage source serving as a reference standard, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the calibration verifier and the voltage source.
15. The defibrillator of claim 14 further comprising a second voltage source, wherein the first and second voltage sources together are reference standards for the defibrillator.
16. The defibrillator of claim 1 wherein the self-test system further comprises a recalibrator.
17. The defibrillator of claim 16 further comprising a current sensor, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the recalibrator and the current sensor.
18. The defibrillator of claim 16 further comprising a waveform shape controller, the self-test system further comprising a communication channel between the recalibrator and the waveform shape controller.
19. The defibrillator of claim 1 further comprising a battery, the self-test system further comprising a battery condition tester and communication channels between the battery condition tester and the battery, between the battery condition tester and the status indicator, and between the battery condition tester and the test signal generator.
20. The defibrillator of claim 1 wherein the test signal generator comprises a system monitor that is separate from the controller.
21. The defibrillator of claim 20 further comprising a controller power supply, wherein the system monitor comprises a system monitor power supply separate from the controller power supply.
22. The defibrillator of claim 20 wherein the system monitor further comprises means for generating periodic test signals.
23. The defibrillator of claim 20 wherein the system monitor further comprises a means for generating test signals in response to specified events or conditions selected from the following: a power-on request from an operator for use of the defibrillator; the insertion of a battery into the defibrillator; an environmental condition; temperature; moisture;
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19* mechanical shock; or vibration.
24. The defibrillator of claim 20 wherein the system monitor comprises a watchdog timer.
25. The defibrillator of claim 1 wherein the status indicator comprises a visual display.
26. The defibrillator of claim 25 in which the visual display comprises means for providing fail-safe operation.
27. The defibrillator of claim 1 wherein the status indicator comprises a sound generator.
28. A method for automatically determining and indicating the operational status of a defibrillator, the method comprising the following steps: generating a test signal within the defibrillator automatically in response to a predetermined event or condition; performing a self-test in response to the test signal; and indicating the status of the defibrillator based on a result of a self-test.
29. The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of recalibrating a defibrillator component or system in response to a calibration verification self- test.
30. The method of claim 28 wherein the self- test comprises discharging a capacitor and measuring electrical and time values associated with the capacitor's discharge.
31. The method of claim 28 wherein the indicating step comprises displaying status information on a visual display.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the displaying step comprises providing an active display signal to the visual display, the visual display having a first state when provided with the active display signal and a second state in the absence of the active display signal, the second state indicating a nonoperational state of the defibrillator.
33. A medical electrode system for use with a self-testing .defibrillator comprising an electrode and an electrode interface for selectively connecting the electrode to an instrument, the electrode interface comprising a first conductor electrically connected to the electrode; conductive gel applied to the first electrode; a second conductor selectively electrically connected to the conductive gel; and a connector providing selective electrical connection between the first and second conductors and an instrument.
34. The medical electrode system of claim 33 further comprising a flexible substrate supporting the electrode and the first and second conductors.
35'. The medical electrode system of claim 33 further comprising a second electrode and a second electrode interface, the second electrode interface comprising a first conductor electrically connected to the electrode; conductive gel applied to the second electrode; a second conductor selectively electrically connected to the conductive gel; and a connector providing selective electrical connection between the first and second conductors and an instrument.
AMENDEDSHEET(ARTICLE 19.
36. The medical electrode system of claim 35 further comprising a flexible substrate supporting the first and second electrodes, the first and second conductors of the first electrode, and the first and second conductors of the second electrode.
37. A test system for a defibrillator, the system comprising: an energy source; conductors in electrical communication wit the energy source; means for periodically operating the energy source to discharge a test pulse through the conductors; a patient simulator communicating with the conductors; a test pulse analyzer communicating with the conductors and the patient simulator; and a fault indicator communicating with the test pulse analyzer.
38. The system of claim 37 wherein the test pulse analyzer further comprises means for sensing an electrical parameter.
39. The system of claim 37 wherein the fault indicator comprises a visual display.
40. A test system for a defibrillator, the system comprising: an energy source; conductors in electrical communication with the energy source; means for periodically delivering a test signal through the conductors; a patient simulator communicating with the conductors; a test signal analyzer communicating with the conductors and the patient simulator; and a fault indicator communicating with the test signal analyzer.
41. The system of claim 40 wherein the means for periodically delivering a test signal comprises means for operating the energy source to discharge a test pulse through the conductors.
42. The system of claim 40 wherein the test signal is an ECG signal pattern.
43. A test system for a defibrillator, the system comprising: a energy source; conductors in electrical communication with the energy source; means for periodically delivering a test ECG signal through the conductors; means for periodically delivering a test pulse through the conductors; a patient simulator communicating with the conductors; an analyzer communicating with the conductors and the patient simulator; and a fault indicator communicating with the analyzer. a fault indicator communicating with the analyzer.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69435056T DE69435056T2 (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | DEFIBRILLATOR WITH A SELF-TEST SYSTEM |
| AU69525/94A AU687069C (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | Defibrillator with self-test features |
| EP94918028A EP0699092B1 (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | Defibrillator with a self-test system |
| EP06075404.1A EP1683544B2 (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | Defibrillator with a self-test system |
| JP7500773A JPH09500798A (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | Defibrillator with self-testing features |
| NO954686A NO954686L (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1995-11-20 | Defibrillator with self-test properties |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US6363193A | 1993-05-18 | 1993-05-18 | |
| US08/063,631 | 1993-05-18 | ||
| US08/240,272 US5879374A (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-10 | External defibrillator with automatic self-testing prior to use |
| US08/240,272 | 1994-05-10 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994027674A1 WO1994027674A1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
| WO1994027674B1 true WO1994027674B1 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
Family
ID=26743605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1994/005557 WO1994027674A1 (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | Defibrillator with self-test features |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (3) | EP1683544B2 (en) |
| JP (3) | JPH09500798A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE381953T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5039898A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2163346A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO954686L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994027674A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (60)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5579234A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1996-11-26 | Physio-Control Corporation | System for automatically testing an electronic device during quiescent periods |
| US5549646A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1996-08-27 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Periodic electrical lead intergrity testing system and method for implantable cardiac stimulating devices |
| US5620465A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1997-04-15 | Survivalink Corporation | External defibrillator for producing and testing biphasic waveforms |
| US5607458A (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-03-04 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Safety optimization in microprocessor controlled implantable devices |
| US5797969A (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1998-08-25 | Survivalink Corporation | One button lid activated automatic external defibrillator |
| US5645571B1 (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1999-08-24 | Surviva Link Corp | Automated external defibrillator with lid activated self-test system |
| EP1419798A3 (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2005-08-31 | Cardiac Science, Inc. | Automated external defibrillator |
| EP1637181A1 (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2006-03-22 | Cardiac Science, Inc. | Automated external defibrillator |
| DE69631722T2 (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2005-04-07 | Cardiac Science, Inc., Minneapolis | Automated external defibrillation with self-test system |
| US5700281A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1997-12-23 | Survivalink Corporation | Stage and state monitoring automated external defibrillator |
| EP0956089A4 (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 2000-11-08 | Survivalink Corp | Defibrillator electrode circuitry |
| US5697955A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1997-12-16 | Survivalink Corporation | Defibrillator electrodes and date code detector circuit |
| US6021352A (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 2000-02-01 | Medtronic, Inc, | Diagnostic testing methods and apparatus for implantable therapy devices |
| US6263239B1 (en) | 1996-07-01 | 2001-07-17 | Survivalink Corporation | Method and apparatus for determining the second phase of defibrillator devices |
| US6411846B1 (en) | 1999-08-26 | 2002-06-25 | Survivalink Corporation | Method and apparatus for delivering a biphasic defibrillation pulse with variable energy |
| US5968080A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1999-10-19 | Survivalink Corporation | Method for determining the second phase of external defibrillator devices |
| US5824017A (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 1998-10-20 | Physio-Control Corporation | H-bridge circuit for generating a high-energy biphasic waveform in an external defibrillator |
| US6175765B1 (en) | 1997-03-05 | 2001-01-16 | Medtronic Physio-Control Manufacturing Corp. | H-bridge circuit for generating a high-energy biphasic waveform in an external defibrillator |
| US6963773B2 (en) | 1997-03-05 | 2005-11-08 | Medtronic Physio-Control Manufacturing Corp. | H-bridge circuit for generating a high-energy biphasic waveform in an external defibrillator using single SCR and IGBT switches in an integrated package |
| US5873893A (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 1999-02-23 | Physio-Control Corporation | Method and apparatus for verifying the integrity of an output circuit before and during application of a defibrillation pulse |
| US6148233A (en) | 1997-03-07 | 2000-11-14 | Cardiac Science, Inc. | Defibrillation system having segmented electrodes |
| US5899925A (en) * | 1997-08-07 | 1999-05-04 | Heartstream, Inc. | Method and apparatus for aperiodic self-testing of a defibrillator |
| US5904707A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-05-18 | Heartstream, Inc. | Environment-response method for maintaining an external medical device |
| US5868792A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-02-09 | Heartstream, Inc. | Environment-response method for maintaining electronic device such as an external defibrillator |
| US6115638A (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 2000-09-05 | Survivalink Corporation | Medical electrode with conductive release liner |
| US6208895B1 (en) | 1998-10-13 | 2001-03-27 | Physio-Control Manufacturing Corporation | Circuit for performing external pacing and biphasic defibrillation |
| US6314320B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2001-11-06 | Daniel J Powers | Method and apparatus for selectively inactivating AED functionality |
| US6990371B2 (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2006-01-24 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method and apparatus for providing on-screen incident review in an AED |
| DE10046845C2 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2003-08-21 | Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh | Method and device for functional testing of a display device of a medical-technical device |
| US6546286B2 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2003-04-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Battery-less, human-powered electrotherapy device |
| US6553257B2 (en) | 2001-03-13 | 2003-04-22 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Interactive method of performing cardipulmonary resuscitation with minimal delay to defibrillation shocks |
| US6560485B2 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2003-05-06 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Four contact identification defibrillator electrode system |
| US7096062B2 (en) | 2002-03-11 | 2006-08-22 | Medtronic Physio-Control Manufacturing Corp. | Method for self-test of defibrillation and pacing circuits including a patient isolation switch |
| US6965796B2 (en) | 2002-03-11 | 2005-11-15 | Medtronic Physio-Control Manufacturing Corp. | Method and apparatus for self-test of defibrillation and pacing circuits including a patient isolation switch |
| US6968230B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2005-11-22 | Medtronic Physio-Control Manufacturing Corp | H-bridge circuit for generating a high-energy biphasic and external pacing waveform in an external defibrillator |
| JP4385245B2 (en) | 2002-12-06 | 2009-12-16 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | Defibrillator |
| CN1859946B (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2010-06-16 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Identification system for defibrillator electrode package |
| US7457662B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2008-11-25 | Cardiac Science Corporation | Method and apparatus for variable capacitance defibrillation |
| JP2009233107A (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-15 | Keio Gijuku | Portable computer apparatus with aed function |
| WO2012063215A2 (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2012-05-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Carrying case for defibrillator with integrated button tester |
| JP6196609B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2017-09-13 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェＫｏｎｉｎｋｌｉｊｋｅ Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ Ｎ．Ｖ． | Universal AED training adapter |
| GB2494861A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-27 | Heartsine Technologies Ltd | Defibrillator electrode test system |
| EP2809396B1 (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2018-06-20 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Bilingual language controller for an automated external defibrillator |
| KR101315906B1 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-10-08 | 주식회사메디아나 | Apparatus and method for checking circuit and algorithm of ecg |
| WO2014033605A1 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Environment and use monitoring system for advanced life support devices |
| EP2931365B1 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2017-05-03 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Adaptive self-testing and stress analysis of medical devices |
| WO2014102658A1 (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Intuitive overlaid readiness indicator for defibrillators |
| JP6317172B2 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2018-04-25 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | Medical equipment |
| EP3265175A1 (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2018-01-10 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Adaptable clinical usage profiles for advanced defibrillators |
| JP6667339B2 (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2020-03-18 | フクダ電子株式会社 | Intracardiac defibrillation system, connection device in intracardiac defibrillation system, and defibrillator |
| RU2648868C2 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-03-28 | Евгений Эдуардович Горохов-Мирошников | Method and device for forming a defibrillation pulse |
| WO2018069040A1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-19 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Failed diagnostic test alert override in an automated external defibrillator (aed) |
| US11672970B2 (en) | 2019-02-21 | 2023-06-13 | Envoy Medical Corporation | Implantable cochlear system with integrated components and lead characterization |
| US11564046B2 (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2023-01-24 | Envoy Medical Corporation | Programming of cochlear implant accessories |
| US11471689B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2022-10-18 | Envoy Medical Corporation | Cochlear implant stimulation calibration |
| US11697019B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2023-07-11 | Envoy Medical Corporation | Combination hearing aid and cochlear implant system |
| US11806531B2 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2023-11-07 | Envoy Medical Corporation | Implantable cochlear system with inner ear sensor |
| US11633591B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2023-04-25 | Envoy Medical Corporation | Combination implant system with removable earplug sensor and implanted battery |
| US11839765B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2023-12-12 | Envoy Medical Corporation | Cochlear implant system with integrated signal analysis functionality |
| US11865339B2 (en) | 2021-04-05 | 2024-01-09 | Envoy Medical Corporation | Cochlear implant system with electrode impedance diagnostics |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3747605A (en) * | 1971-10-20 | 1973-07-24 | Beaumont Hospital William | Defibillator and method and apparatus for calibrating, testing, monitoring and/or controlling a defibrillator or the like |
| BE795412A (en) * | 1972-02-16 | 1973-05-29 | Siemens Ag | DEVICE FOR CHECKING THE OPERATION OF A DEFIBRILATOR |
| US3983476A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1976-09-28 | Francis Konopasek | Defibrillator testing device |
| DE2712352A1 (en) * | 1977-03-21 | 1978-09-28 | Mela Gmbh Elektromedizin | Defibrillator electrode testing circuit - has load resistance followed by rectifier bridge and measuring instrument with quenching switch |
| US4164946A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1979-08-21 | Mieczyslaw Mirowski | Fault detection circuit for permanently implanted cardioverter |
| US4488555A (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1984-12-18 | Mieczyslaw Mirowski | Battery condition warning system for medical implant |
| JPS6125388A (en) * | 1984-07-16 | 1986-02-04 | Miharu Tsushin Kk | Mop-up equalization of catv system |
| JPS6139064A (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1986-02-25 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Copying machine provided with bookbinding function |
| US4628935A (en) * | 1985-01-08 | 1986-12-16 | Physio-Control Corporation | Defibrillator adapted for use with accessory cassettes |
| EP0327304A1 (en) * | 1988-02-01 | 1989-08-09 | Physio-Control Corporation | Disposable stimulation electrode with long shelf life and improved current density profile |
| US4928690A (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1990-05-29 | Lifecor, Inc. | Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy |
| US5080099A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1992-01-14 | Cardiotronics, Inc. | Multi-pad, multi-function electrode |
| US5099844A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1992-03-31 | Biofield Corp. | Discriminant function analysis method and apparatus for disease diagnosis and screening |
| US5097830A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1992-03-24 | Laerdal Manufacturing Corporation | Defibrillator with reliability verification |
| US5113869A (en) * | 1990-08-21 | 1992-05-19 | Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. | Implantable ambulatory electrocardiogram monitor |
| US5247939A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-09-28 | Physio-Control Corporation | Detection of electrode/patient motion and fast restore limits |
| US5249573A (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-10-05 | Zmd Corporation | Defibrillation discharge circuit test |
| US5579234A (en) † | 1994-03-11 | 1996-11-26 | Physio-Control Corporation | System for automatically testing an electronic device during quiescent periods |
-
1994
- 1994-05-18 EP EP06075404.1A patent/EP1683544B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-18 EP EP94918028A patent/EP0699092B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-18 JP JP7500773A patent/JPH09500798A/en active Pending
- 1994-05-18 CA CA002163346A patent/CA2163346A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-18 EP EP07112252.7A patent/EP1852144B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-18 WO PCT/US1994/005557 patent/WO1994027674A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-05-18 AT AT94918028T patent/ATE381953T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-11-20 NO NO954686A patent/NO954686L/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-01-08 AU AU50398/98A patent/AU5039898A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1999
- 1999-06-23 JP JP11177553A patent/JP2000024123A/en active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-07-20 JP JP2005209368A patent/JP2005319322A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO1994027674B1 (en) | Defibrillator with self-test features | |
| EP1852144B1 (en) | Defibrillator with a self-test system | |
| CA1334597C (en) | Dental anesthesia apparatus | |
| US4245643A (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring the ohmic contact resistance of an electrode attached to body tissue | |
| US5879374A (en) | External defibrillator with automatic self-testing prior to use | |
| US4141367A (en) | Cardiac electrode/pacer system analyzer | |
| US6181961B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for an automatic setup of a multi-channel nerve integrity monitoring system | |
| US4498479A (en) | Electrocardiograph (ECG) electrode testing system | |
| US4759377A (en) | Apparatus and method for mechanical stimulation of nerves | |
| US5897577A (en) | Pacing lead impedance monitoring circuit and method | |
| US5233986A (en) | Time domain reflectometer-integrity testing system and method for medical device electrode | |
| EP2481369B1 (en) | Prevention of safety hazards due to leakage current | |
| WO2003002198B1 (en) | Implantable cardioverter/defibrillator | |
| US5571156A (en) | Switched implantable electrical stimulator leads | |
| US4705042A (en) | Pacing system analyzer having provision for direct connection of pacer to pacing leads | |
| EP2586493B1 (en) | Testing of defibrillator electrodes | |
| CA1277706C (en) | Automatic short circuit tester control device | |
| US6266562B1 (en) | Defibrillator with automated test load | |
| EP0196496A1 (en) | Printed circuit conductor test system | |
| EP3406297A1 (en) | Testing of defibrillator electrodes | |
| CN216954617U (en) | Test auxiliary device for radio frequency ablation equipment and radio frequency ablation system | |
| US4327326A (en) | Automatic testing system for electric nerve stimulator units | |
| CN210166458U (en) | Insulation detector | |
| KR200445363Y1 (en) | Surgical apparatus | |
| AU687069C (en) | Defibrillator with self-test features |