WO1994027570A1

WO1994027570A1 - Aqueous surfactant compositions

Info

Publication number: WO1994027570A1
Application number: PCT/EP1994/001653
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Busch; Gert-Lother Striepling; Klaus Thiele; Thomas Müller-Kirschbaum; Holger Tesmann; Armin Wadle; Jörg KAHRE; Werner Seipel; Hermann Hensen; Thomas Engels; Thomas Förster; Jürgen Stodt
Original assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority date: 1993-06-01
Filing date: 1994-05-24
Publication date: 1994-12-08
Also published as: JPH08511292A; EP0701432A1; DE4318171A1

Abstract

The effects of aqueous compositions of ionic surfactants on keratinic surfaces are improved by the admixture of emulsified fats in the form of a non-ionic, finely dispersed emulsion with an average droplet diameter from 100 to 300 nm which is heated up to phase inversion temperature during or after its preparation. In particular, skin degreasing is reduced, wet hair combability is improved, and hair drying is accelerated.

Description

"Aqueous surfactant preparations"

The invention relates to aqueous preparations with ionic surfactants which, through the addition of particularly finely divided emulsions of water-insoluble oil components, have an unusually high anti-aging effect for keratin surfaces and particularly desired effects on skin and hair.

Aqueous preparations of surface-active substances are used to clean and care for the body and hair. These often have the disadvantage that they swell the skin strongly, degrease the hair strongly and in this way contribute to a deterioration in the skin condition and the ability of the hair.

It is known to add shampoos, bath additives, liquid soaps and shower preparations to prevent these problems. These are either cationic or zwitterionic surfactants, which counteract the static chargeability of the surfaces treated with them, or water-soluble polymers with cationic groups, which bring about a more permanent finish and improve the combability of the hair. However, this often worsens the hold of the dried and styled hair. In addition, these polymers tend to accumulate on the hair.

To prevent excessive degreasing of the skin, such preparations are also added to lipid-replenishing components, usually in the form of water-solubilized fatty substances or oils which are clearly solubilized in the surfactant preparations. Such preparations are described, for example, in DE 3534 733. The addition of emulsified oil or fat components, however, has not proven itself, since such preparations are usually not sufficiently stable, but tend to inhomogeneity and oil separation when stored. In addition, the foaming power is considerably impaired by the oil components which have a foam-suppressing action.

From Progr. Colloid & Polymer Sei. 73 (1987), 37-47, oil-in-water emulsions are known which were prepared with a combination of nonionic emulsifiers and co-emulsifiers and were heated to phase inversion temperature during or after their preparation. Such emulsions are characterized by high stability, fine particle size and particularly low viscosity. DE 38 19 193 discloses an emulsifier system which enables the production of such emulsions even with polar oils which contain little or no hydrocarbon content. A further improved method is known from DE 41 40562.

The droplet diameter of such fine-particle emulsions - hereinafter referred to as PIT emulsions - is in the order of 100-300 nanometers (nm), i.e. they are not yet optically isotropic, single-phase systems such as are found in solubilizates and microemulsions, the particle diameter of which is far below 100 nm.

Rather, due to their droplet size, the PIT emulsions have a brown-red appearance when viewed through and bluish shimmering in reflected light, which is explained by the Tynda11 scatter on the emulsion droplets.

It has now been found that the addition of such PIT emulsions to aqueous preparations of ionic surfactants significantly improves the effect of such preparations on keratinic surfaces. Chen causes, in particular reduces the degreasing of the skin, improves the wet combability of the hair, accelerates the drying of the hair and improves the hold of the dry coiffed hair. The accumulation of cationic polymers on the hair is significantly reduced.

The invention therefore relates to aqueous preparations of ionic surfactants containing emulsified fatty substances, the emulsified fatty substances in the form of a nonionic, finely divided emulsion with an average droplet diameter of 100-300 nm, which heats to phase inversion temperature during or after their preparation was present. Ionic surfactants are understood here to mean all water-soluble surface-active substances which are distinguished by a preferably linear fatty alkyl or fatty acyl group and an anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric or cationic group which causes water solubility.

All water-insoluble oils, fats and waxes of mineral, animal, vegetable and synthetic origin are understood as fatty substances. However, preference is given to those fatty substances or fatty substance mixtures whose melting point is below the phase inversion temperature of the emulsion, since the emulsions then do not have to be heated significantly above the phase inversion temperature range during production.

The phase inversion temperature of the PIT emulsion can be shifted to below 100 ° C. by selecting suitable emulsifiers. This is particularly advantageous because pressure can then be dispensed with when producing the PIT emulsion. The preparations according to the invention can contain the ionic surfactants and the emulsified fatty substances in any proportions. For practical use, however, those preparations are preferred which:

(A) 1 30% by weight of ionic surfactants

(B) 0.01-10% by weight of emulsified fat

(C) 60 98 wt% water

contain

It is particularly striking to observe that the finishing properties of cationic finishing additives are synergistically increased by the presence of the emulsified fatty substances. Another particularly preferred object of the invention is therefore aqueous preparations of ionic surfactants which, as ionic surfactants, anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric or cationic surfactants or mixtures thereof and additionally cationic softening additives from the group of

quaternary ammonium, pyridinium or imidazolinium compounds with two or three long-chain alkyl, acyloxyalkyl or acyl-a idoalkyl groups, each with 12-22 carbon atoms or

water soluble cationic or zwitterionic polymers

contain. The cationic softening additives mentioned are preferably present in the preparations in amounts of 0.01-2.0% by weight.

In the preparations according to the invention, the anionic surfactants used are alkyl sulfates and / or alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and up to 12 polyglycol ether groups and / or Alkyl polyglycol ether sulfosuccinic acid monoesters with 10-16 C atoms in the alkyl group and 2-6 glycol ether groups are used. Further suitable anionic surfactants for the production of hair treatment agents according to the invention are primary and secondary linear alkanesulfonates with 10 to 18 carbon atoms, alkene sulfonates and hydroxyalkanesulfonates, such as are obtained in the sulfonation of olefins with 10 to 18 carbon atoms, fatty acid alkylolamide - and fatty acid alkylolamide polyglycol ether sulfates, sulfated fatty acid monoglycerides, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylates with 8-18 C atoms in the alkyl chain and 2-6 glycol ether groups, acyl sarcosines, acyl taurides and acyl isethionates with 8-18 C atoms in the acyl group.

The anionic surfactants mentioned can be in the form of the alkali metal, ammonium, alkanola monium salts, and the alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates can also be in the form of the magnesium salts.

Zwitterionic surfactants are characterized by a lipophilic alkyl or acyl group with 8 - 18 C atoms, a quaternary ammonium group and a carboxyl group. Examples of suitable zwitterionic surfactants are, for example, N- (Ci2-Ci8) - ^a ^ yl-N, N-dimethyl-glycinate, N- (C12-Ci8) -acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethyl-glycinate, N- (Ci2- Ci8) -acyl-amino-ethyl-N, N-dimethyl-glycinate, - (Ci2 ^* - ^* Ci8) - ^a yl ^aπ, i ^no P ^r ° pyl-N * -methyl-N-hydroxyethyl-glycinate, 2- (Ci2-Ci8) - ^a lkyl-l-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxylethyl-imidazoline and N- (C8-Ci8) - ^a cyl-aminoethyl-hydroxyethyl-glycinate.

Amphoteric surfactants are characterized by a lipophilic alkyl or acyl group, a protonatable amine group and a carboxyl group. Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants are, for example, N- (Ci2-CisJ-alkylaminoacetic acid, N- (Ci2-Ci8) -acylaminopropyl-aminopropionic acid. Amine oxide surfactants can be used in the preparations according to the invention instead of a photic surfactants. Suitable amine oxide surfactants are, for example, lauryl-diethylamine oxide or cocoalkyl- (Ci2-Ci8) -dimethylamine oxide.

Cationic surfactants are characterized by at least one lipophilic alkyl or acyl group and a protonatable amino group or a quaternary ammonium group. The amino or ammonium group can also be part of a heterocyclic ring, e.g. a pyridine or imidazoline ring. Cationic surfactants which carry only a lipophilic alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or acyloxyalkyl group and which are soluble in aqueous media at normal temperature (20 ° C.) to at least 1% by weight are particularly suitable.

However, quaternary ammonium compounds which have limited water solubility, i.e. which are only dispersible in water at room temperature. Such quaternary ammonium compounds are e.g. by two or three long-chain alkyl, acyloxyalkyl or acylamidoalkyl groups, each with 12-22 carbon atoms. A preferred example of such a quaternary ammonium compound is e.g. the di- (oleoyloxyethylJ-hydroxyethyl-methyl-ammonium chloride. Instead of the oleoyl residue, there can also be a saturated fatty acyl residue with 16-22 carbon atoms or an acyl residue from a natural fatty acid mixture, e.g. palm oil fatty acid or tallow fatty acid.

Cationic polymers suitable as cationic softening additives are water-soluble natural or synthetic polymers which carry amino groups or quaternary ammonium groups in the polymer chain or bound to it. Examples of such cationic polymers are, for example, ceilulose ethers modified with epoxypropyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride and under trade names such as polymer JR are in the trade. Analogously, cationically modified guar gums are commercially available with the names Jaguar C 13 or Cosmedia Guar C 261.

Further cationic polymers which can be used according to the invention are e.g. the quaternized copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and dialkylamino alkyl acrylate (or methacrylate), which are available, for example, under the trade name Gafquat 734 or Gafquat 755. Other suitable cationic polymers are the poly-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, which is commercially available under the name Merquat 100. Cationic polymers which are commercially available under the name Mirapol A 15 or poly- [N- (3-dimethylammonio) propyl] -N '- [3- (ethyleneoxyethylene dimethylammonio) propyl -] - urea dichloride are also suitable are. Numerous other cationic, water-soluble polymers with known hair-activating effects are suitable for the purposes of the present invention.

Finally, the known zwitterionic polymers are also suitable, e.g. are accessible from polymers bearing amino groups by reaction with sodium chloroacetate, by copolymerization of anionic and cationic monomers or by polymerization of zwitterionic monomers. It is characteristic of the zwitterionic polymers that they carry more than one cationic group (e.g. amino or quaternary ammonium groups) and more than one anionic group (e.g. carboxyl or sulfonic acid groups) on the molecule. Mixtures of various cationic or zwitterionic polymers and quaternary ammonium compounds can of course also be used.

The polymers to be used according to the invention should be in solution, ie their water solubility should be at least 0.01% by weight at normal temperature (20 ° C.). The aqueous preparations of ionic surfactants according to the invention are prepared by adding a finely divided (PIT) emulsion of a fatty substance with an average droplet diameter of to the aqueous solution of the ionic surfactant, which may already contain other water-soluble auxiliaries and additives 100-300 nm, which was heated to phase inversion temperature during or after its production, is added in such an amount that the preparation contains 0.01-10% by weight of the emulsified fat.

The PIT emulsion can contain both liquid oils and hydrocarbons such as paraffin oils, isohexadecane, 1,3-di-isooctylcyclohexane or synthetic ester oils, for example mono- and / or diesters of the formula (I) Rl-COOR ² , (II ) R ² 00C-R ³ -C00R ³ and (III) RlCOO-R ³ - 00CR ² , wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} alkyl groups with 1 - 22 C atoms or alkenyl groups with 8 - 22 C atoms and R ³ Alkylene groups with 2-16 carbon atoms and which contain at least 10 carbon atoms, contain natural or synthetic fatty acid triglycerides of fatty acids and 8-22 carbon atoms, and also contain paraffins and waxes which are semi-solid and solid at room temperature.

As emulsifiers, the PIT emulsions contain a combination of a hydrophobic, nonionic emulsifier with an HLB value of preferably 10-15 and a lipophilic co-emulsifier with an HLB value below 5. The HLB value is to be understood as a size , which can be calculated from the structure of the emulsifier according to

100 - L

HLB = where L is the weight fraction (in%) of the lipophilic groups, for example the fatty alkyl or fatty acyl groups in the emulsifier.

The hydrophilic emulsifiers are preferably ethylene oxide adducts on fatty alcohols with 16-22 C atoms or on partial esters of polyols with 3-6 C atoms and fatty acids with 14-22 C atoms. However, ethylene oxide addition products on fatty acids, on alkyl glucosides, on methyl glucoside fatty acid esters, on fatty acid alkanolamides, on fatty acid glucamides and other fatty substances with ethoxylatable substituents are also suitable. It may be particularly preferably, as hydrophilic emulsifiers alkyl polyglycosides of formula RO - (Z) _x employ, in which R is a Cg_22- ^A lk l ^oc * ^er alkenyl group, Z is a monosaccharide, in particular glucose, and x is a number from 1.1 to 5, in particular from 1.2 to 1.4.

The lipophilic co-emulsifiers are preferably saturated fatty alcohols with 16-22 C atoms or free fatty acids with 16-22 C atoms, partial esters of polyols with 3-6 C atoms with saturated fatty acids with 14-22 C Atoms, e.g. Glycerol or sorbitan monofatty acid esters, glycol monofatty acid esters, fatty acid alkanolamides from Ci2-Ci8 fatty acids with mono- or dialkanolamines with 2-4 C atoms in the alkanol group or glycerol mono-fatty alcohol ethers.

In the PIT emulsions, fat component (A), hydrophilic emulsifier (B) and lipophilic emulsifier (C) are preferably in a weight ratio of A: B: C = 1: 0.1-0.3: 0.1-0 , 3 included.

It is preferred to produce the PIT emulsions only with nonionic emulsifiers. However, small amounts of ionic surfactants can also be incorporated, in amounts that do not interfere with the phase inversion. To prepare preparations according to the invention containing cationic softening additives, it may be advantageous to incorporate these softening additives into the PIT emulsion. In this way, a very valuable aid is obtained for the production of such preparations according to the invention. Furthermore, it is advantageous to emit the PIT emulsion with as high a content as possible. To produce fat so that it is available as an aid for the production of the preparations according to the invention with low transport and storage costs.

A further subject of the invention is therefore an aid for the production of a preparation according to the invention in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion which was heated to phase inversion temperature during or after its production, and

5 - 50% by weight of emulsified fat with a droplet size of 100 - 300 nm (nano eter)

1 - 20% by weight of a nonionic emulsifier with an HLB value of 10 - 15

1-10% by weight of a nonionic emulsifier with an HLB value of less than 5

0.1-10% by weight of a quaternary ammonium, pyridinium or imidazolinium compound with at least one long-chain alkyl, acyloxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl or acylamidoalkyl group each having 12-22 C atoms and / or

0.1-5% by weight of a water-soluble cationic polymer

contains.

The cationic softening additives are preferably added to the PIT emulsion after phase inversion, ie after cooling. Small Smaller amounts of these cationic additives, which do not interfere with the phase inversion of the system, can already be incorporated in the production of the PIT emulsion. Examples of such PIT emulsions are given in Nos. 1.5 to 1.12. The PIT emulsion obtained in this way is particularly suitable for the preparation of the preparations according to the invention with cationic additives by adding them to the aqueous solution of the ionic surfactants in an amount such that 0.01-10% by weight in the preparation of the emulsified fat and 0.01-2% by weight of the cationic softening additives are included.

The nonionic surfactants are preferably introduced into the preparations according to the invention together with the PIT emulsions. Small amounts, i.e. Approx. 1-5% by weight, based on the entire preparation, can, however, also be introduced into the preparation with the ionic surfactants.

If the preparations according to the invention are used as hair care products, e.g. should be used as finish rinses, the known cationic surfactants, e.g. Quaternary ammonium, pyridini or imidazolinium compounds with at least one, possibly also two, long-chain alkyl, acyloxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl or acyl idoalkyl groups, each with 12-22 carbon atoms, alone or in combination with zwitterionic or a photeren Contain surfactants.

When used as shampoos or shower preparations, ionic surfactants preferably contain highly foaming, anionic surfactants or combinations of anionic and zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants. This also applies to the use as a manual dishwashing detergent or as a household cleaner or wool detergent. In addition to the characteristic components, that is to say the ionic surfactants and the specifically emulsified fatty substances, the preparations according to the invention can contain further customary additives which are helpful for the particular application. It is only necessary to ensure that these additives do not interfere with the finely divided nature of the emulsified fatty substances and thus the effectiveness and storage stability. For example, it is customary to thicken anionic surfactants, for example preparations containing fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, by adding relatively large amounts of inorganic salts. However, this possibility is only given to a limited extent in the preparations according to the invention, since high electrolyte concentrations can disrupt the PIT emulsion. In such cases, thickening should be achieved with other substances, for example with nonionogenic water-soluble polymers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxides or polyethylene glycol stearate.

The following examples are intended to explain the subject of the invention in more detail:

B e i s p i e l e

PIT emulsions 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12

Cetiol 0E 22.5 22.5 10 10 10 8 10 10

Isopropyl myristate 22.5 22.5 10 10 10 8 10 10

Eumulgin Bl 3.5 4.5 3.8 4.5 9 5.6 7 13.5

Lanette 0 3 2 2.7 2 4 4.8 6 6

Dehyquart AU 56 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 7 5.6 7 10.5

Water (with

4% by weight NaCl) 45 45 45 70 60 68 50 50

Viscosity (20 ° C, ls " ¹ [Pa-s] 0.29 0.18 0.18 0.029 0.24 1.36 2.8 3.5 1.13 1.14 1.15 (V) 1.16

Cutina CP-A - _ - 45

Paraffin wax 5213 50 45 45 -

Mergital BIO 9.1 7.1 - 7.1

Emulgin B2 - - 3 -

Glycerol mono / di-stearate 2.0 2.9 - 2.9

Emulgade SE - - 7 -

Water 38.9 45 45 45

average particle size (nm) 150 180 1000 180

The PIT emulsions 1.1 to 1.16 were prepared by heating all components together in a water bath to the manufacturing temperature, mixing, emulsifying and cooling to room temperature from 20 ° C. (with stirring). The manufacturing temperature was above or within the phase inversion temperature range. Emulsion 1.15 shows an excessively large average particle size and is used for comparison (in Example 2.6).

2. Aqueous preparations according to the invention

Shampoo SI VI V2 2.1 2.2

% By weight% by weight% by weight% by weight

Texapon NSO 14 - 14 14 14

Cosmedia Guar C 261 - 1 1 1

PIT emulsion 1.2 10 - 5 10

Water 86 90 85 80 75

NK (%) 100 74 56 22 24

Shampoos S2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 (V) 2.7

% By weight% by weight% by weight% by weight 3

Texapon NSO 99,, 00 99,, 00 99,, 00 99,, 00 99,, 00 10

Dehyton K 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Plantaren 1200 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

Cosmedia Guar C261 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Benecel MP 945 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75

Formaldehyde (37%) 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

PIT emulsion 1.9 - - - 2.0

PIT emulsion 1.13 - 3.0 5.0 - - -

PIT emulsion 1.14 - - - 3 - -

PIT emulsion 1.15 (V) - 3

Water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100

NC (%) 85% 38.5% 28.7% 44.2% 70.1% 35%

The shampoo 2.6 was produced for comparison with a coarse-particle macro emulsion (emulsion 1.15) and shows only a slight improvement in wet combability.

Shampoos 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15

% By weight% by weight% by weight% by weight% by weight% by weight% by weight

Texapon N 25 50 50 50 50 50 50 10 10 Cosmedia Guar C 261 2 0.2 - - - - - Dehyquart E 3.3 Polya pholyt 3033 - 1 - - - Xanthan Gum 1.5 2 2 2 Arlypon F 4

NaCl. . . . . . . 0.6

PIT emulsion 1.2 10 5 10 10 10 10

PIT emulsion 1.4 PIT emulsion 1.5 2 PIT emulsion 1.10 2

Water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100

NK (mJ) 12.3 26.0 37.0 25.7 35.5 39.5 50.5 48.0

Improvement of wet combability (% NK) (test method)

20 strands of hair (Alcinco, New York, type 6634 dark european) were oxidized in 6% solution of H2O2 for 30 minutes (at 20 ° C., pH = 9.5). The test shampoo (20 g shampoo for 20 g hair) was then applied to the hair and left to act for 5 minutes. Finally, the hair was rinsed with tap water (38 ° C, 15 ° C, 1000 ml per section) for 1 minute and loosely adhering water was wiped off.

The comparative value (S) was obtained when a 14% aqueous solution of fatty alcohol - Ci2-i4-poly- (2 E0) -glycol ether sulfate, Na salt was used as the test shampoo. This value is approx. 65 mJ (NK ^**** 100%).

Then the combing resistance was measured, i.e. the force required to pull a measuring comb through the strands of hair. The mean of the working integrals of the 20 strands of hair treated with each test shampoo was formed. The measurement was carried out in an automatic wet combability measuring apparatus, which essentially consisted of a robot-assisted sample changer and a strain gauge force transducer. The measured values were recorded electronically and evaluated using a computer.

The mean work integral was related to the work integral obtained with the standard and thus gave the wet combability improvement (NK)

Integral test shampoo

NK (%) = ^• 100%

Work integral (S) The working integral of the test product NK [j] is given absolutely for the following hair treatment agent formulations:

The following commercial products were used in the examples:

Texapon N 25: fatty alcohol-Ci2-i4-poly- (2 E0) - and glycol ether sulfate, Na salt,

Texapon NSO: 28% by weight solution

Dehyquart E: N- (2-hydroxyhexadecy1) -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride (30% solution)

CH ₃ 0

(+)

Dehyquart AU 56: RC-0CH ₂ -CH ₂ - - CH ₂ -CH ₂ -0-CR Cl-

CH ₂ -CH ₂ -0H

RCO = palm oil fatty acyl

Cosmedia Guar C 261 Guar hydroxypropyl tri ethyl ammonium chloride

Polyampholyte 3033: copolymer of methacrylamido-propyl-trimethylammonium chloride and acrylic acid (7: 3), neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution.

Cetiol 0E di-n-octyl ether Eumulgin Bl: cetyl / stearyl alcohol poly (12E0) - glycol ether (Ceteareth-12)

Lanette 0: CetyW stearyl alcohol (50:50)

Arlypon F: Lauryl / myristyl alcohol poly (2.5 E0) glycol ether

Dehyton K: coconut acylamidopropyl dimethylglycerol

Mergital B 10: behenyl alcohol poly (10E0) glycol ether

Plantaren 1200: alkyl (Ci2) glucoside (50% in water)

Benecel MP-945: methyl hydroxyprop 1ce11u1ose

Cutina CP-A cetyl palmitate

Emulgin B2 cetyl / stearyl alcohol poly (20E0) - glycol ether (Ceteareth-20)

Emulgade SE mixture of glycerol mono- / distearate, ceteareth-20, ceteareth-12, CetyW stearyl alcohol and cetyl palmitate.

Claims

1. Aqueous preparations of ionic surfactants containing emulsified fatty substances, characterized in that the emulsified fatty substances in the form of a nonionic, finely divided emulsion with an average droplet diameter of 100-300 nm, which heats up to phase inversion temperature during or after their preparation was present.

2. Aqueous preparations according to claim 1, characterized by a content of

(A) 1-30% by weight of ionic surfactants

(B) 0.01-10% by weight of emulsified fat

(C) 60-98 wt% water.

3. Aqueous preparations according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that as ionic surfactants anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric or cationic surfactants or mixtures thereof and additionally cationic softening additives from the group of

quaternary ammonium, pyridinium or imidazolinium compounds with two or three long-chain alkyl, acyloxyalkyl or acylamidoalkyl groups, each with 12-22 carbon atoms or

water soluble cationic or zwitterionic polymers

are included.

4. Aqueous preparations according to claim 3, characterized in that the cationic softening additives are contained in an amount of 0.01-2% by weight.

5. Aid for the production of an aqueous preparation according to claim 3, in the form of a finely divided oil-in-water emulsion, which was heated to or during phase after its manufacture to phase inversion temperature, and the

5 - 50 wt .-% emulsified fat with a droplet size of 100 - 300 nm

1 - 20% by weight of a nonionic emulsifier with an HLB value of 10 - 15

1 - 10% by weight of an oil-soluble co-emulsifier with an HLB value below 5

0.1-10% by weight of quaternary ammonium, pyridinium or imidazolinium compounds with at least one long-chain alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acyloxyalkyl or acylamidoalkyl group each having 12-22 carbon atoms and / or

0.1-5% by weight of a water-soluble cationic polymer

contains.

6. A process for the preparation of aqueous preparations of ionic Ten¬ side according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous solution of an ionic surfactant is a finely divided emulsion of a fatty substance with an average droplet diameter of 100-300 nm, which during or after their preparation Phase inversion temperature was warmed, added in an amount such that the preparation contained 0.01-10% by weight of the emulsified fat. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that an oil-in-water emulsion according to claim 5 is used as the finely divided emulsion.