WO1994023795A1 - A gamma radiation unit by rotating pyramidal face focus manner - Google Patents

A gamma radiation unit by rotating pyramidal face focus manner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994023795A1
WO1994023795A1 PCT/CN1994/000025 CN9400025W WO9423795A1 WO 1994023795 A1 WO1994023795 A1 WO 1994023795A1 CN 9400025 W CN9400025 W CN 9400025W WO 9423795 A1 WO9423795 A1 WO 9423795A1
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Prior art keywords
radiation
source body
source
central axis
radiation unit
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PCT/CN1994/000025
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Shipeng Song
Yixiang Su
Yi Du
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Shipeng Song
Yixiang Su
Yi Du
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Application filed by Shipeng Song, Yixiang Su, Yi Du filed Critical Shipeng Song
Priority to EP94912433A priority Critical patent/EP0655262B1/en
Priority to US08/351,330 priority patent/US5528653A/en
Priority to DE69425223T priority patent/DE69425223D1/de
Publication of WO1994023795A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994023795A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1077—Beam delivery systems
    • A61N5/1084—Beam delivery systems for delivering multiple intersecting beams at the same time, e.g. gamma knives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiation unit of a gamma knife system, in particular to a rotatable gamma-ray radiation unit. . Background technique
  • the existing gamma ray radiation unit as the core component of the medical knife physiotherapy device, the Madao system, includes a source body composed of many radioactive sources.
  • the source body is installed in a radiation protection frame, and its radiation The channels are aligned at a common focal point from the radial direction, as described in patent document EP-248774. Because the Gamma Knife uses multiple radioactive sources, and each radioactive source has only a small radiation dose, it only forms the largest radioactive energy at the common focus, so it can effectively kill the diseased tissue at the focal point, but not within a certain time. Can cause damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a rotating cone-focusing gamma-ray radiation unit, which has a simple structure and fewer radiation sources, can ensure effective radiation, and can further reduce damage to healthy tissue.
  • the source body of the rotating cone-focusing gamma-ray radiating unit is a rotating geometry that is symmetrical along the central axis of the radiating unit.
  • a plurality of radiation sources and ray channels are arranged in the source body, and The direction is aligned with a common focus in the protective frame, and around the common focus is at least a space that can accommodate the human brain.
  • a radiation-proof protective frame is provided with a rotatable central axis, the central axis is located on the central axis of the radiation unit, one end is fixed on the central axis seat of the source body, and the other end is connected with a power driving mechanism.
  • the source body Since the source body is fixed on a rotatable central axis, the source body can be operated in a radiation protection frame under power driving. 360 ° C rotation. In the working state, the scanning trajectory of its radiation source ray forms a number of conical surfaces with a common focal point as the common vertex. When all ray channels are not symmetrical about the central axis, the scanning trajectory of each radiation source ray will form an independent Rotating cone surfaces. If any planes perpendicular to the rotation axis are used to intercept these rotating cone surfaces, the trajectories on the plane are concentric circles with different radii with the common focus as the center. It can be seen that, for a common focus, whether the source body is stationary or in dynamic rotation, the radiation it receives is continuously invariant.
  • the scanning points of radiation outside the common focus are only intermittently irradiated once during one revolution of the source body, and the radiation time is much shorter than that of the common focus. Therefore, under the action of the rotating source body, the number of radiation sources can be reduced, and the filling dose of each radiation source can be increased accordingly to ensure the total radiation energy. In the actual treatment process, it can effectively kill the diseased tissue at the focal point without causing damage to the healthy tissue outside the focal point.
  • the radiation unit of the present invention adopts a dynamic focusing method instead of the static focusing method of the prior art. Its focus is not to increase the radiation source to disperse the radiation dose to reduce the damage to healthy tissues, but to change the existing single point of each beam.
  • the continuous radiation is changed to multi-point intermittent radiation, thereby reducing the radiation time at a single point and improving the safety of healthy tissues during the treatment process.
  • the source body has a rotating structure, the number of radiation sources and the use of heavy metal materials are reduced. This makes the manufacturing process much simpler, and also reduces the weight and volume of the product accordingly, which directly reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of a radiation unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another embodiment of a radiation unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the source body portion indicated by the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2. Best way to implement this method
  • the source body (2) provided in this embodiment is a fan-shaped plate-shaped body extending along both sides of the central axis base ( 3 ), and the radiation source (5) and the ray channel (6) are along the plate-shaped body. Sector surface arrangement.
  • the source-body structure has fewer radiation sources and is suitable for occasions with smaller doses of radiation.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 show another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the source body (2) provided in this embodiment is a central shaft seat (3), a circular base (8) and several source body supports (7).
  • the source body bracket (7) extends radially along the central axis seat (3), is connected to the annular base (8) located at the bottom of the source body (2), and the radiation source (5) and the ray channel ( 6) Arrange along the source body support (7).
  • the source The body structure is a reasonable configuration of radioactive sources, which provides a large structural space and also has greater versatility. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the source body ( 2 ) is contained in a radiation protection frame (1), and the radiation protection frame (1) is a hollow hemisphere structure, which is adopted as a whole.
  • the central axis (4) is located on the central axis of the radiation unit, and is made of cast iron or cast steel to ensure its good shielding. It adopts a dynamic fit with the radiation protection frame (1).
  • the connection of the protective frame (1) and the central shaft (4) is recommended to use sliding bearings or sliding bearings in combination with rolling bearings; the outer end of the central shaft (4) is connected to a power drive mechanism, and the power drive mechanism can be directly installed in the protection frame ( 1) on the housing.
  • the requirements of the present invention for transmission are to ensure sufficient starting torque and hook speed transmission, and the source body can usually perform the function of rotating focus when it is rotated at a low speed.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is driven by a DC speed measuring motor and driven by a worm gear reduction mechanism, and the source body (2) rotates at a low speed hook speed of 2 to 10 revolutions per minute.
  • the central axis (4) and the source body (2) are installed by interference fit, and the center line of the central axis (4) is aligned with the common focus (0).
  • the source body (2) is made of cast iron or cast steel as a whole. Its outer circle and the inner garden of the protective frame (1) only have a small gap to ensure the shielding effect. The space left by its inner circle To ensure that it is enough to accommodate the human brain when turning.
  • the frame-type source-body structure shown in the embodiments of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 has four source-body supports (7), which are symmetrical to each other about the central shaft seat (3).
  • the source body (2) is composed of a central shaft seat (3), a source body bracket (7), and a ring base (8), which has a good overall structure.
  • a bearing (9) is also connected between the annular base ( 8 ) and the radiation protection frame (1).
  • the bearing (9) is selected from a large-diameter radial ball bearing, which is used to improve the stability of the structure and improve the rotation of the source body. performance.
  • the source body (2) is drilled with mounting holes for mounting the radiation source (5) and the ray channel (6).
  • the processing requirements for these mounting holes are: First, the center extension lines of all holes must be accurately The intersection is at the common focus O; secondly, these holes are not symmetrical about the central axis to ensure that the scanning trajectories of the individual beams do not coincide; thirdly, the mounting holes are distributed on the central axis as viewed from the radial plane of the source body (2) (4) 30 on both sides.
  • the purpose is to prevent the radiation source (5) and the ray channel (6) from being too close to the central axis (4), so that the radius of rotation is too small to form approximately static radiation.
  • the ray channel (6) is an elongated shaft sleeve made of heavy metal material. The upper end is provided with a cavity for filling the radiation source (5). The ray channel (6) is inserted into the installation hole of the source body (2) by using a transition fit. .
  • the number of radioactive sources ( 5 ) is determined based on the relationship between the minimum radioactive energy required by the focal point O to kill the diseased tissue and the maximum filling dose that a single radioactive source will not cause damage to healthy tissue under slewing conditions. It is also necessary to consider that the source body rotates around the axis of rotation.
  • the scanning radius of the radiation source near the axis of rotation is small and the linear velocity is low.
  • the scanning radius of the radiation source far from the axis of rotation is large and the linear velocity is high.
  • Field, the filling dose of each radioactive source needs to be changed accordingly.
  • the source-body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention ensures that the radiation source is configured according to the distribution requirements of the dose field of the rotating source body, and a uniform dose field is formed when the source body is rotated.

Description

旋转錐面聚焦式伽玛射线辐射单元 技术领域
本发明涉及一种伽玛刀系统的辐射单元， 尤其是一种可旋转的伽玛 射线辐射单元。 . 背景技术
现有的伽玛射线辐射单元， 作为医用核物理治疗装置—— 玛刀系 统的核心部件， 其结构包括由许多放射源組成的源体， 源体被安装在一 个防辐射保护框内， 其射线通道从径向方向对准一个公共焦点， 如专利 文献 EP— 248774所述。 由于伽玛刀采用多个放射源， 且每个放射源只有 较小的放射剂量， 只在公共焦点处形成最大的放射能量， 因此可有效地 杀伤焦点处的病变組织， 而在一定时间内不会对其周围的健康组织造成 伤害。 基于这种考虑， 现有的伽玛射线辐射单元具有尽可能多的放射源， 例如瑞典 ELEKTA公司生产的 leksell伽玛刀， 具有 201个放射源， 沿一个 半球体规则排列。 由于具有相当多的放射源， 相应的还需增加重金属屏 蔽保护材料的使用， 重量和体积都很庞大。 从生产制造方面来看， 在一 个直径相当大的半球体上规则精确地打出数百个具有公共焦点的孔眼， 对加工的技术手段和工艺装备要求相当高。 而且由于源体被固定在保护 框内， 其伽玛射线以静态方式聚焦于病变組织， 仍然需要连续穿过健康 組织到达病灶， 即便是较小的能量辐射， 由于辐射时间的连续累加， 仍 然不可避免的对健康組织造成伤害。 发明的公开
本发明的目的是提供一种旋转锥面聚焦式伽玛射线辐射单元， 它具 有简单的结构和较少的放射源， 即可保证有效的放射线辐射， 又可进一 步降低对健康組织的伤害。
本发明的任务是以如下方式完成的： 旋转锥面聚焦式伽玛射线辐射 单元的源体是一个沿辐射单元中轴线对称的回转几何体， 若干放射源及 射线通道设置在源体内， 从径向方向对准保护框内的一个公共焦点， 在 公共焦点的周围是至少可容纳人体大脑的一个空间。 在防辐射保护框上 装有一个可旋转的中心轴， 中心轴位于辐射单元的中轴线上， 一端固定 在源体的中心轴座上， 另一端与一个动力驱动机构相联接。 由于源体固 定在可旋转的中心轴上， 在动力驱动下， 源体可在防辐射保护框内作 360°C旋转。 在工作状态下， 其放射源射线的扫描轨迹就形成若干以公 共焦点为共同顶点的圆锥曲面， 当所有射线通道均不以中心轴对称， 则 每个放射源射线的扫描轨迹都会形成一个独立的旋转锥面， 如果用垂直 于转轴的任意个平面去截这些旋转锥面， 那么在平面上的轨迹就是一些 以公共焦点为圆心的 '半径不同的同心圆。 由此可见， 对于公共焦点而言, 无论源体处于静止还是动态旋转中， 其所受的放射线辐射都是连续不变 的。 而公共焦点以外的放射线的扫描点， 只是在源体回转一周才受到一 次断续的瞬时辐射， 其辐射时间大大小于公共焦点的辐射时间。 因此， 在旋转源体的作用下， 可以减少放射源的数量， 相应增加每个放射源的 装填剂量以保证辐射总能量。 实际治疗过程中， 既可有效地杀伤焦点处 的病变組织， 又不会造成对焦点外健康组织的伤害。
本发明的辐射单元采用动态聚焦方式取代现有技术的静态聚焦方式, 它的着眼点不在于增加放射源分散放射剂量来减少对健康組织的伤害， 而是将现有的每束射线的单点连续辐射改变为多点的断续辐射， 从而减 少了单点的辐射时间， 提高了治疗过程中健康組织的安全性； 由于源体 具有回转结构， 从而减少了放射源的数量和重金属材料的使用， 使制造 工艺大为简单， 也使产品的重量和体积有相应地减小， 直接降低了生产 制造成本。 附图的简要说明
以下结合附图和实施例作进一步说明。
图 1 是本发明辐射单元实施例的剖面结构示意图；
图 2 是本发明辐射单元又一实施例的剖面结构示意图；
图 3 是沿图 2箭头 A方向所指的源体部分的视图。 实现本方法的最佳方式
参照图 1, 该实施例所提供的源体（2)是一个沿中心轴座（3) 两侧延 伸的扇形的板状体， 放射源（ 5 )及射线通道（ 6 )沿板状体的扇形曲面排列。 该源体结构具有较少的放射源， 适用于较小剂量的辐射场合。
图 2和图 3示出了本发明的另一个实施例， 该实施例斤提供的源体（2 ) 是一个由中心轴座（3 )、 环形底座（8 )和若干源体支架（7 )組成的开口的半 球状框架， 源体支架（7 )沿中心轴座（3 )径向延伸， 与位于源体（2)底部的 环形底座（8 )相连， 放射 源（5 )及射线通道（6 )沿源体支架（7 )排列。 该源 体结构为合理配置放射源,提供了较大的结构空间， 也具有更大的通用性。 参照图 1和图 2, 本发明所提供的实施例中， 源体（2)被包容于一个 防辐射保护框（1)中， 防辐射保护框（1)为一空心半球体结构， 整体采用 铸铁或铸钢材料制造以保证其良好的屏蔽性， 中心轴（4) 位于辐射单元 的中轴线上， 它与防辐射保护框（1)采用动配合， 为保证中心轴高精度 回转， 本发明的保护框（1)与中心轴（4)的联接方式推荐使用滑动轴承或 滑动轴承与滚动轴承配合使用； 中心轴（4) 的外端联接动力驱动机构， 动力驱动机构可直接安装在保护框（1) 的外壳上。 本发明对传动的要求 在于保证有足够的起动力矩和勾速传动， 源体通常在低速状态下回转就 可实现旋转聚焦的功能。 本发明的实施例采用直流测速电机驱动， 蜗轮 减速机构传动， 源体（2)以每分钟 2~ 10转低速勾速回转。 中心轴（4) 与 源体（2)采用过盈配合安装， 中心轴（4)的中心线对准公共焦点（0 )。 源 体（2)整体采用铸铁或铸钢材料铸造而成， 它的外圆与保护框（1)的内圃 只留有很小的间隙以确保屏蔽的效果， 它的内圆所留的空间要保证其回 转时足够容纳人体的大脑。
图 2和图 3实施例所示的框架式源体结构， 源体支架（7) 为四个， 它 们互交对称于中心轴座（3)。 源体（2)由中心轴座（3)、 源体支架（7)和环 形底座（8 )組成一个整体构件， 具有良好的整体结构性。 在环形底座（8) 和防辐射保护框（1)之间还靠一个轴承（9 )联接， 轴承（9)选用大直径向 心球轴承， 作用在于提高结构的稳定性， 改善源体的回转性能。
本发明实施例中， 源体（2)内钻有用于安装放射源（5)及射线通道（6) 的安装孔， 对这些安装孔的加工要求是： 首先所有孔的中心延长线必须 准确地交会在公共焦点 O上； 其次这些孔均不以中轴线对称， 以保证各 单束射线的扫描轨迹不会重合； 第三从源体（2) 的径向平面看去安装孔 分布在中心轴（4)两侧 30。 以外的区间里， 其目的是避免放射源（5)及射 线通道（6)过于靠近中心轴（4) , 从而回转半径过小形成近似于静态辐射。 为保证安装孔的加工精度及分布要求， 可采用数控机床进行加工。 射线 通道（6)是用重金属材料制成的细长轴套， 上端有用于装填放射源（5)的 容腔， 采用过渡配合把射线通道（6)镶入源体（2)的安装孔中。 放射源（5) 的数量是根据焦点 O杀伤病变組织所需的最小放射能量与回转条件下单 个放射源不会对健康組织造成伤害的最大装填剂量的关系来确定。 还要 考虑到源体绕转轴回转， 离转轴近的放射源射线扫描半径小、 线速度低， 离转轴远的放射源射线扫描半径大、 线速度高， 为取得辐照均匀的剂量 场， 需要相应改变各放射源的装填剂量。 本发明实施例所提供的源体结 构， 保证了按照旋转源体剂量场的分布要求配置放射源， 在源体旋转时 形成辐照均匀的剂量场。

Claims

权利要求书 1. 一种医用伽玛射线辐射单元， 包括由若干放射源（5) 組成的源体 (2)， 源体（2)被安装在一个防辐射保护框（1)内， 源体（2)内的放射源（5) 通过其射线通道（6)以径向方向对准保护框（1)内的一个公共焦点（0), 在公共焦点（ 0 )的周围是至少可容纳人体大脑的一个空间，
其特征在于 所述的源体 (2) 是一个沿辐射单元中轴线回转的几何 体， 在防辐射保护框（1)上装有一个可旋转的中心轴（4)， 中心轴（4) 位 于轴射单元的中轴线上， 它的一端固定在源体（2)的中心轴座（3)上， 另 一端与一个动力驱动机构相联接。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的辐射单元，
其特征在于 源体（2) 是一个沿中心轴座两侧延伸的扇形板状体， 放射源（5)及射线通道（6)沿其扇形曲面排列。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的辐射单元，
其特征在于 源体（2)是由中心轴座（3)、 环形底座（8)和若干源体支 架（7)組成的一个开口半球状框架， 源体支架（7)沿中心轴座（3)径向延 伸与位于源体（2)底部的环形底座（8)相连， 放射源（5)及射线通道（6)沿 源体支架（7)排列。
4. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的辐射单元，
其特征在于 源体（2)内的放射源（5)及射线通道（6) 的分布位于中 心轴（4) 30。 以外的区间里。
5. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的辐射单元，
' 其特征在于 源体（2)内的放射源（5)及射线通道（6) 不以辐射单元 中轴线对称。
6. 根据权利要求 3所述的辐射单元，
其特征在于 源体（2)的源体支架（7)为四个， 它们互交对称于中心 轴座（3)。
" -6 一
7. 根据权利要求 3或 6所述的辐射单元，
其特征在于 源体（2)由中心轴座（3)、 源体支架（7)和环形底座（8) 組成一个整体构件。
8. 根据权利要求 3或 7所述的辐射单元，
其特征在于 环形底座（8)和防辐射保护框（1)之间还通过一个轴承 (9)联接。
PCT/CN1994/000025 1993-04-13 1994-04-08 A gamma radiation unit by rotating pyramidal face focus manner WO1994023795A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94912433A EP0655262B1 (en) 1993-04-13 1994-04-08 A gamma radiation unit by rotating pyramidal face focus manner
US08/351,330 US5528653A (en) 1993-04-13 1994-04-08 Rotational coniformly-focused gamma radiating unit
DE69425223T DE69425223D1 (de) 1993-04-13 1994-04-08 Gammastrahlungseinheit mit einem durch drehende pyramidenförmige flächen begrenzten fokus

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CN93103858.8A CN1028607C (zh) 1993-04-13 1993-04-13 旋转锥面聚焦式伽玛射线辐射单元
CN93103858.8 1993-04-13
CN93235783.0 1993-12-21
CN93235783 1993-12-21

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PCT/CN1994/000025 WO1994023795A1 (en) 1993-04-13 1994-04-08 A gamma radiation unit by rotating pyramidal face focus manner

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US (1) US5528653A (zh)
EP (1) EP0655262B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN1028607C (zh)
DE (1) DE69425223D1 (zh)
WO (1) WO1994023795A1 (zh)

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CN100540088C (zh) * 2003-12-31 2009-09-16 深圳市尊瑞科技有限公司 放射治疗辐射装置及其辐射方法
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CN1049840C (zh) 2000-03-01
EP0655262B1 (en) 2000-07-12
CN1028607C (zh) 1995-05-31
CN1087551A (zh) 1994-06-08
EP0655262A4 (en) 1995-04-27
EP0655262A1 (en) 1995-05-31
CN1104548A (zh) 1995-07-05
US5528653A (en) 1996-06-18
DE69425223D1 (de) 2000-08-17

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