WO1994020461A1 - 1-vinyl-3(e)-ethylidene pyrrolidone - Google Patents
1-vinyl-3(e)-ethylidene pyrrolidone Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994020461A1 WO1994020461A1 PCT/US1994/001075 US9401075W WO9420461A1 WO 1994020461 A1 WO1994020461 A1 WO 1994020461A1 US 9401075 W US9401075 W US 9401075W WO 9420461 A1 WO9420461 A1 WO 9420461A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- weight
- compound
- vinylpyrrolidone
- vinyl
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/36—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/38—2-Pyrrolones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F226/06—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
Definitions
- This invention relates to the isomeric compound l-vinyl-3 (E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone (EVP) , to a method for obtaining this isomeric compound, and to the use of the compound for making crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- Crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone is made by popcorn or proliferous polymerization of vinyl ⁇ pyrrolidone, in the absence or presence of crosslinking agents, as described in U.S. Patents 3,277,066; 3,306,886; 3,759,880; 3,933,766; and 3,992,562; and in an article by F. Haaf et al. in Polymer J. JL7 (1), p.
- bifunctional monomers are present only in small amounts as intermediates during the polymerization and are consumed in the process of forming the crosslinked PVP polymer.
- EDP isomeric compound l-vinyl-3 (E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone
- This isomeric compound exists in the (E) form, which is defined as the isomer in which the methyl group of the ethylidene radical is positioned away from the oxygen atom of the pyrrolidone ring.
- the desired isomeric compound may be obtained herein in high yield by reaction of vinylpyrrolidone in aqueous strongly basic solution, in a 2-phase aqueous- organic system, at an elevated temperature, under vigorous agitation.
- the isomeric compound is recovered from the reaction product by extraction with an organic solvent and fractional distillation, or by direct fractional distillation of the organic fraction of the reaction product.
- the desired isomeric EVP compound may be produced in a 2-phase reaction mixture comprising an organic phase of vinylpyrrolidone monomer present in an amount of about 25-90%, preferably 40-75%, and, most preferably, about 50%, by weight of the reaction mixture, and an aqueous phase which is a strongly aqueous basic solution, such as caustic (NaOH or KOH) , or a tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide solution, suitably with a base concentration of about 2-50%, preferably about 5-10%, by weight of the mixture.
- the reaction mixture is heated to a reaction temperature of about 120-170°C, preferably 130-140°C.
- reaction to convert VP monomer to isomeric EVP compound is carried out for about 0.5-10 hours, preferably 1-3 hours, at, e.g. 140°C, while the reaction mixture is subjected to vigorous agitation, e.g. about 800 rpm.
- the top layer is an organic layer which contains about 50-80% by weight of unreacted VP and about 5-30% of the desired isomeric EVP compound, and, more particularly, about 70-75% VP and 15-20% EVP.
- the bottom layer is an aqueous caustic layer which also contains some some unreacted VP and a small amount of EVP.
- the isomeric compound then is isolated from the reaction product by extraction with an organic solvent and fractional distillation, or by direct fractional distillation of the organic (top) layer.
- the reaction product is treated with a volatile organic solvent, such as chloroform, heptane, or petroleum ether, and the extract is washed successively with a saturated salt solution, then distilled water, and the volatile organic solvent is removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
- the residue is distilled at 60-90°C. (1-2 mm Hg) to remove unreacted vinylpyrrolidone monomer and by-products of the reaction, including 2-pyrrolidone.
- a second fraction is collected as a solid.
- the desired isomeric (E) compound is obtained as white, needle-shaped crystals having a melting point of 59-61°C.
- the (E) isomeric chemical structure is confirmed by gas chromatographic, mass ⁇ pectroscopy and 1 H 2 and 13 C NMR analysis.
- the organic phase which is the top layer
- the aqueous caustic solution which is the bottom layer
- the organic layer is flash distilled under vacuum.
- a suitable vacuum distillation apparatus includes a receiving condenser connected to the distilling head at one end and to a receiving flask at the other end.
- the unreacted VP and 2-pyrrolidone by-products are distilled out from the organic layer as a clear liquid at 75-90°C. at 2 mm Hg.
- the isomeric compound then is flash distilled as a colorless solid which crystallizes on the walls of the receiving condenser.
- This solid can be collected from the walls, or, preferably, the walls are heated to melt the solid to a liquid, and the liquid is recovered and solidified. Upon recrystallization from water, or from a water- acetone mixture, the desired isomeric compound is obtained as pure solid.
- the 2-pyrrolidone in turn, is readily hydrolyzed by base to sodium 4-aminobutyrate (4-AB) , which is not a catalyst for EVP formation.
- (4-AB) being water soluble, can serve as the salt necessary to maintain the 2-phase system in the process.
- the yield of isomeric EVP obtained in the process of the invention is about 5-30% based on reacted VP.
- a 1-1 reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser and a mechanical stirrer was charged with 100 g. of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) monomer and 300 g. of B.F. Goodrich Caustic 20 solution (20% NaOH).
- the 2-phase reaction mixture was given a blanket of nitrogen and heated to 100°C. where it was held for 5 hours while stirring vigorously at 800 rpm.
- the reaction product was extracted with chloroform and the organic layer (the bottom layer) was collected and washed several times with a saturated NaCl solution until the final aqueous washing was neutral.
- the chloroform was removed by rotary evaporation at room temperature.
- the organic product was fractionally distilled at 60-90° at 1 mm Hg to remove 20 g of unreacted vinylpyrrolidone monomer, and the 2-pyrrolidone by-product. Then at 80-90°C. a solid product was collected which was recrystallized from ice water and dried in a desiccator. A total of 9.3 g of white, needle-shaped crystals were obtained having a sharp melting point of 59-61°C.
- the isomeric compound was identified as l-vinyl-3 (E)- ethylidene pyrrolidone having a purity of > 95% by GC/MS 1 H and 13 C NMR analysis. The yield was 11.6% based upon the amount of VP reacted.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was followed using a reaction mixture of 150 g. of VP, 180 g of a 50 wt. % NaOH solution and 270 g. of distilled water. A total of 8.7 g. of the isomeric compound was obtained. The yield was 7.3%.
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was followed using reaction periods of 7, 14 and 21 hours. The respective yields were 9.7%, 18.5%, 28%.
- a stainless steel Buchi reactor was used as the reaction vessel at an initial pressure of 3 bars of nitrogen pressure and at room temperature.
- the reaction was carried out at 140°C. for 2 hours using 320 g. of VP, 40 g of 50% NaOH solution and 40 g. of distilled water (Ex. 6) , and 320 g. of VP and 80 g. of 50% NaOH solution (Ex. 7), to provide yields of 25%, and 28%, respectively, of the isomeric compound.
- a reaction mixture of 80% VP and 5% NaOH was heated at 140°C. for 2 hours under 3 bars of N 2 pressure (14 ppm 0 2 only) .
- the organic reaction product (top layer) was separated from the aqueous phase; it was found to contain 75% VP and about 19% of the isomeric (E) compound based on the total mixture of the top layer.
- the top layer was then flash distilled at 75-95°C. under 1 mm Hg and VP and 2-pyrrolidone was collected in the receiving flask.
- the isomeric compound vapor was distilled at 80-90°C. and solidified on the condenser.
- the condenser then was heated to 70°C. and isomeric compound was collected as a liquid in the receiving flask. Upon cooling to a solid, the isomeric compound was recrystallized in the cold from a mixture of acetone/water.
- the yield of isomeric EVP was 26%.
- the isomeric EVP compound of the invention finds utility as a crosslinking agent in the direct polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone to crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (XL PVP) at low temperatures.
- XL PVP crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone
- a polymerizable reaction solution containing about 50-96% by weight VP and 4-30% by weight (E) EVP is formed n situ, as described above, and polymerized to XL PVP.
- Crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone may be produced from the polymerizable composition by the steps which comprise: diluting the polymerizable composition with added vinylpyrrolidone and water to form a predetermined reaction solution, and heating the solution at about 80-120°C. in an inert atmosphere, under agitation, in the absence of base.
- the crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer product is obtained within about 1-3 hours of such heating, and can be recovered easily without requiring extensive washing to remove caustic and other salts as in the conventional PVP process.
- XL PVP also may be produced by a one-step process using isomeric EVP as an added crosslinker instead of being made n situ.
- the invention provides a one-step process for the polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone in aqueous solution in the presence of a predetermined amount of an added isomeric EVP as crosslinker, in the absence of base, and at temperatures lower than 140°C. , preferably 60-120°C. , and, most preferably, about 100°C.
- the reaction mixture in the process suitably comprises about 1-5% by weight of the added crosslinker, and about 75-85% of vinyl ⁇ pyrrolidone, the rest being water.
- the crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone product made herein had a swell volume of ⁇ 50 ml/10 g. of polymer, and was substantially free of side reaction products.
- EXAMPLE 10 ONE-STEP POLYMERIZATION
- a reaction mixture of 80 g. vinylpyrrolidone, 2.56 g. of powdered isomeric compound crosslinker, as prepared either in A or B above, and 17.44 g. of water was heated to 100°C. and agitated under an inert atmosphere for 1 hour.
- the polymerized product was crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone which had a swell volume of 40 ml/10 g. of polymer and was substantially colorless.
- the yield was 90%.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU62338/94A AU6233894A (en) | 1993-03-03 | 1994-01-27 | 1-vinyl-3(e)-ethylidene pyrrolidone |
DE69431592T DE69431592T2 (en) | 1993-03-03 | 1994-01-27 | Process for the preparation of 1-VINYL-3 (E) -ETHYLIDEN PYRROLIDON |
EP94909515A EP0687250B1 (en) | 1993-03-03 | 1994-01-27 | Method for the preparation of 1-VINYL-3(E)-ETHYLIDENE PYRROLIDONE |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/025,523 US5274120A (en) | 1993-03-03 | 1993-03-03 | 1-vinyl-3(E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone |
US025,523 | 1993-03-03 | ||
US08/040,400 US5360883A (en) | 1993-03-30 | 1993-03-30 | Process for obtaining a polymerizable reaction solution |
US040,400 | 1993-03-30 | ||
US4080693A | 1993-03-31 | 1993-03-31 | |
US040,807 | 1993-03-31 | ||
US08/040,807 US5286876A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1993-03-31 | Process for obtaining 1-vinyl-3(E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone |
US08/040,805 US5342964A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1993-03-31 | Process for obtaining the isomeric compound 1-vinyl-3(E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone |
US040,806 | 1993-03-31 | ||
US040,805 | 1993-03-31 | ||
US057,378 | 1993-05-06 | ||
US08/057,378 US5391668A (en) | 1993-05-06 | 1993-05-06 | Colorless, purified polymerizable composition useful for the production of crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994020461A1 true WO1994020461A1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
Family
ID=27556058
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/001075 WO1994020461A1 (en) | 1993-03-03 | 1994-01-27 | 1-vinyl-3(e)-ethylidene pyrrolidone |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0687250B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6233894A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69431592T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994020461A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5274120A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1993-12-28 | Isp Investments Inc. | 1-vinyl-3(E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone |
US5286876A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-02-15 | Isp Investments Inc. | Process for obtaining 1-vinyl-3(E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone |
-
1994
- 1994-01-27 AU AU62338/94A patent/AU6233894A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-01-27 WO PCT/US1994/001075 patent/WO1994020461A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-01-27 EP EP94909515A patent/EP0687250B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-27 DE DE69431592T patent/DE69431592T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5274120A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1993-12-28 | Isp Investments Inc. | 1-vinyl-3(E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone |
US5286876A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-02-15 | Isp Investments Inc. | Process for obtaining 1-vinyl-3(E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0687250A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0687250A4 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
EP0687250A1 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
AU6233894A (en) | 1994-09-26 |
EP0687250B1 (en) | 2002-10-23 |
DE69431592T2 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
DE69431592D1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
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