WO1994017573A1

WO1994017573A1 - Electrical supply safety socket

Info

Publication number: WO1994017573A1
Application number: PCT/US1994/000862
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shimon Avitan
Original assignee: Aditan, Inc.
Priority date: 1993-01-21
Filing date: 1994-01-21
Publication date: 1994-08-04
Also published as: AU6127794A; CA2113915A1; US5426552A; JPH08509317A; EP0683927A4; EP0683927A1

Abstract

An electrical supply safety socket (200) that prevents power from a mains electrical supply (12, 14, 16) to be accessible at the outlets of the socket (18, 22, 20) unless an electrical appliance is properly engaged with the socket outlets and the appliance is turned on. The electrical supply safety socket is comprised of both a safety circuit (10) and a safety socket (200) which may act together to accomplish the above described safety function.

Description

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SAFETY SOCKET

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07/726,875, filed on July 8, 1991, now pending.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to electrical supply sockets and, more particularly, to an electrical supply socket that is designed to promote safety by preventing electrical power to be supplied to an appliance unless an electrical plug of the appliance is properly engaged in the socket and the appliance is turned on. A main benefit of the present invention is that it is childproof.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

It is well known to provide mains electrical supply safety sockets wherein the live and neutral outlets are covered with an insulating plate which is adapted to retract when the ground pin of a three pin plug is inserted into the ground outlet of the socket. It is generally arranged in such systems for the ground pin to be slightly longer than both the neutral and live pins in order to facilitate the operation of the safety mechanism.

The major drawback with such a system is that the insulating plate is liable to jam. If it jams in the closed position the socket is unusable, and if it jams in the open position the socket is usable but the safety device is inoperative. Furthermore, such a system is not childproof in that any object having a shape resembling a ground pin may be inserted into the ground outlet of the socket, thereby retracting the insulating plate and overriding the safety mechanism. Indeed, this approach is sometimes adopted in order to connect the supply leads from an electrical appliance directly to a mains - electrical supply without first attaching a plug to the appliance, which is obviously highly unsatisfactory from a safety point of view.

other inventive efforts have been made to promote safety with respect to mains electrical supply sockets. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,623,209 discloses such a safety promoting electrical socket. A brief description of this prior art device is now given. U.S. Patent No. 4,623,209 (Mangone) discloses an electrical safety socket including normally open switches for connecting live and neutral feeders to their respective socket outlets. The switches close when substantially parallel live and neutral pins of an electric plug are inserted into their corresponding socket outlets simultaneously. In such an arrangement, the insertion of each plug pin is adapted to pull a respective lever located external to the plug housing and articulated to a corresponding one of the switches. Such an arrangement allows independent operation of the switches and, since the levers are accessible from outside the plug housing, they may easily be operated independently of a plug being inserted into the socket. Consequently, foreign objects may be introduced into either socket outlet and the corresponding switch may be manually closed so as to complete the connection. Although both of the above-mentioned prior art techniques provide some degree of safety with respect to preventing an accidental or an otherwise unintentional connection to a mains electrical supply, neither prevent such a connection from occurring by anything other than simple mechanical arrangements, which are often unreliable. Thus, it would be preferable that a similar technique be provided with at least the same degree of safety as the above-mentioned prior art techniques, but also increased reliability. Such a similar technique would be desirable since it is frequently becoming a requirement to include electrical safety features in the construction of new homes, office buildings, and the like. It is therefore desirable to provide such a similar technique and to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art techniques in this area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention contemplates an electrical supply safety socket that prevents power from a mains^' electrical supply (feeders) to be accessible at the outlets of the socket unless an electrical appliance plug is properly engaged with the socket outlets and the appliance is turned on. The electrical supply safety socket is comprised of both a safety circuit and a safety socket which may act together to accomplish the above-described safety function. Thus, according to the present invention there is provided an electrical supply safety socket, comprising:

an electrical safety socket having live and neutral socket inlets and a first switching means for electrically connecting said live and neutral socket inlets to respective live and neutral socket outlets;

an electrical safety circuit having live and neutral inputs and a second switching means for electrically connecting said live and neutral inputs to respective live and neutral outputs, said live and neutral outputs being electrically connected to said live and neutral socket inlets; the arrangement of said electrical supply safety socket being such that an appliance electrically connected across said live and neutral socket outlets is electrically connected to said live and neutral inputs by way of said first switching means and said second switching means.

It should be noted that the safety circuit and the safety socket may also be used independently so as to provide similar safety functions.

The safety circuit operates to provide several distinct, although interrelated, safety functions. The primary function of the safety circuit is, of course, to prevent power from the mains electrical supply to be accessible at the socket outlets unless an appliance plug is properly engaged with the socket outlets and the appliance is turned on. This function is accomplished by sensing whether such an appliance plug is in fact properly engaged with the socket outlets and the appliance is properly turned on. If such is the case then the safety circuit, through a series of relay connections, allows power from the mains electrical supply to be accessible at the socket outlets.

A secondary function of the safety circuit is to monitor the current balance in the power being provided by the mains electrical supply. If a current imbalance is detected, such as a short circuit from power to ground in the appliance, then the safety circuit will prevent further power from the mains electrical supply from being accessible at the socket outlets. This secondary function thus provides an additional level of safety with respect to preventing power from a mains electrical supply to be accessible at the socket outlets unless the power supplied by the mains electrical supply is current balanced.

SUBSTITUTESHEET(RULE26 A third function of the safety circuit is provided only after the secondary function has detected a current imbalance and power from the mains electrical supply is thereby prevented from being accessible at the socket outlets. If such is the case, the third function of the safety circuit is to maintain this preventive state until either the condition that created the current imbalance is removed or, if the appliance is still connected to the socket outlets and turned on, the appliance is turned off before being turned on again. Thus, only when the condition that created the current imbalance is cured and/or the appliance is disconnected from the socket outlets or the appliance is turned off will power from the mains electrical supply be accessible at the socket outlets.

An important safety feature is available with such operation wherein the safety circuit itself, when connected to the mains electrical supply, will shut the mains electrical supply down if an imbalance is detected in the line. This has application in preventing fires resulting from faulty wiring since the power is shut off upon the initial detection of an imbalance such as a short circuit. The safety circuit can thus be connected to lines, either directly by hard wiring or by simple plug-in connection in an outlet, to maintain safety of the line itself.

The safety socket operates to provide an additional safety feature when used in conjunction with the safety circuit. This additional safety feature is such that the live and neutral outlets maintained within the safety socket are short circuited together whenever an appliance plug is not properly engaged with the socket outlets. Of course, as previously described, the safety socket may also be used independently of the safety circuit. From the above descriptive summary, it is thus apparent how the present invention electrical supply safety socket overcomes the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art techniques.

Accordingly, the primary objective of the present invention is to provide an electrical supply socket that is designed to promote safety by preventing electrical power to be supplied to an appliance unless an electrical plug of the appliance is properly engaged in the socket and the appliance is turned on.

Other objectives and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed'description and claims, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which are appended hereto.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to facilitate a fuller understanding of the present invention electrical supply safety socket, reference is now made to the appended drawings. The drawings should not be construed as limiting the present invention, but are intended to be exemplary only. Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a electrical supply socket safety circuit according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an electrical supply safety socket in a non-engaged position according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an electrical supply safety socket in an engaged position with a three prong electrical appliance plug according to the present invention. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

Referring to Figure 1, there is a schematic circuit diagram of an electrical supply socket safety circuit 10 according to the present invention. The safety circuit 10 provides live 12, neutral 14, and ground 16 inputs which are connected to respective live, neutral and ground feeders (not shown) . The safety circuit 10 also provides live 18, neutral 20, and ground 22 outputs which are connected to respective live, neutral, and ground socket outlets (not shown) . The operation of the safety circuit 10 is such that several safety functions are performed, each of which is described as follows.

A primary function of the safety circuit 10 is to prevent power from a mains electrical supply (feeders) to be accessible at the socket outlets unless an appliance (not shown) is properly connected to the socket outlets and the appliance is turned on. To accomplish this function, a first low voltage bridge rectifier 24 is connected in series with a capacitor 26 and a resistor 28 across the live 12 and neutral 14 inputs so as to produce both a positive 30 and a negative 32 low D.C. voltage supply rail. It should be noted that the capacitor 26 and the resistor 28 serve to provide a high impedance which limits the effective A.C. voltage from the feeders across the first low voltage bridge rectifier 24, which in turn rectifies the resultant limited A.C. voltage so as to produce the low D.C. voltage across the positive 30 and negative 32 supply rails. The use of the capacitor 26 and the resistor 28 therefore obviates the need to use a transformer, which is more commonly used in conjunction with a bridge rectifier to produce a low D.C. voltage from a relatively high A.C. voltage input. Such transformers are generally bulky as compared to the capacitor 26 and the resistor 28 and, if used, would prevent the safety circuit 10 from being implemented ε within a standard eiectπcal socket. The use of a transformer, in such applications, is accordingly not as desirable. In addition, the value of the capacitance selected for capacitor 26 will also serve to check whether

5 sufficient current is being supplied to the socket. Thus, by selecting a larger capacitance for capacitor 26, a larger current supply to the socket or plug will be required to charge the capacitor 26, which in turn will permit current to be drawn from the socket only when this minimum amount of

10 current is supplied to the socket or plug. In effect, this will serve to check all of the loads upstream of the appliance. If the appliance does not operate (because capacitor 26 is not charged) , the person attempting to use the appliance will realize that the line is overloaded.

i 5 Connected in series between the positive 30 and negative 32 supply rails is a first switch transistor 34 and a variable rate relay contact solenoid 36, which provides a single normally closed relay contact 38 and three normally open relay contacts 60,62,64. When the variable

20 rate relay contact solenoid 36 is in its de-energized state (when the appliance is not turned on and/or the appliance is not properly connected to the socket outlets) , the single normally closed relay contact is closed and the three normally open relay contacts =. 60,62,64 are open. The closure of the single normally closed relay contact 38 allow* a connection to be made, through a series connected zener diode 40 and resistor 42, between the positive supply rail 30 and the live output 18. However, when the appliance is not properly 0 connected and turned on, or when there is otherwise an open circuit between the live output 18 and the neutral output 20, there is no current flow from the positive supply rail 30 to the live output 18, and hence no current flow back through the neutral output 20. In this 8A

situation, as will be more thoroughly described later, the first switch transistor 34 is in an off state and the variable rate relay contact solenoid 36 remains in its de-energized state. Also in this situation, the open state of the three normally open relay contacts 60,62,64 prevents any power from the mains electrical supply from being accessible at the socket outlets.

Furthermore in this situation, a storage capacitor 44 that is connected in parallel between the positive 30 and negative 32 supply rails becomes charged at a rate determined by a similarly parallel connected resistor 46. This

voltage to the emitter of a second switch transistor 48, which is used to bias the base of the first switch transistor 34 and thereby turn on the first switch transistor 34 when the appliance is properly connected and turned on, as will now be described.

When the appliance is properly connected and turned on, the positive supply rail 30 provides current to the live output 18 that returns through the neutral output 20 and through a first winding 50 around a first toroid 52. The current through the neutral output winding 50 creates a magnetic flux in the first toroid 52 so as to produce a current in a second winding 54 that is connected to a second low voltage bridge rectifier 56. In response thereto, the second low voltage bridge rectifier 56 produces a positive voltage differential across the emitter-base junction of the second switch transistor 48, which causes the second switch transistor 48 to turn on. This allows the positive supply rail 30 to drive the base of the first switch transistor 34 through a series connected diode 58, thereby turning on the first switch transistor 34 and thus allowing the variable rate relay contact solenoid 36 to become energized by current passing between the positive 30 and negative 32 supply rails.

In its energized state, the variable rate relay contact solenoid 36 opens the normally closed relay contact 38 and closes the three normally open relay contacts 60,62,64 in a predetermined sequence. Normally open relay contact 60 is the first to close and provides the live input 12 with a connection to the live output 18 through a series connected, fluid-filled resistor 66. The fluid-filled resistor 66 serves to dampen the initial connection between the live feeder and the live socket output, thereby preventing sparking when the relay contact 60 is closed. A fluid filled resistor is used since such a .0 device can tolerate large instantaneous voltage differentials without burning out. It is presently preferred that the resistor 66 is a water-filled resistor. Normally open relay contact 62 is the second to close and

5 provides the live input 12 with a direct connection to the live output 18. Finally, the third normally open relay contact ₆₄ will close and will provide the neutral input 14 with a direct connection to the neutral output 20 by way of a shorter tap connection 64a being made to the neutral

10 output winding 50. This shorter tap connection may be provided to connect with a turn of the winding which complies with U.L. industry standards concerning the number of winding turns allowed in mains electrical supply lines. It should therefore be noted that the order in which the ι 5 second 62 and the third 64 normally open relay contacts are closed must comply with the U.L. industry standards, such that a connection between the neutral input 14 and the neutral output 20 having a neutral output winding 50 with more than the U.L. industry standard allowed number of turns 0 shall never carry a live mains electrical supply.

The primary function of the safety circuit 10 as described so far thus prevents power from the mains electrical supply to be accessible at the socket outlets unless the appliance is properly connected to the socket outlets and the appliance is turned on.

A secondary function of the safety circuit 10 is to monitor the current balance between the live output 18 and the neutral output 20 from the mains electrical supply, and to disconnect the mains electrical supply from the socket outlets if an imbalance is detected. To accomplish this secondary function, a second toroid 70 is provided around which a first winding 72 in the connection between the live input 12 and the live output 18 is maintained, and a second winding 74 in the connection between the neutral input 14 and the neutral output 20 is maintained. It should be noted that in 11 order to properly monitor the current balance between the live output 18 and the neutral output 20, both of these - windings 72,74 should have the same number of turns and they should be wound so as to produce opposing magnetic fluxes in the core of the second toroid 70. Thus, when the current supplied by the live output 18 and the current returned by the neutral output 20 are not equally balanced, a net magnetic flux is created in the core of the second toroid 70. The cause of such a current imbalance could be a short circuit to ground in the appliance or any number of other occurrences having a similar effect.

There is a third winding 76 around the second toroid 70 that is connected to a third low voltage bridge rectifier 78. This third low voltage bridge rectifier 78 is connected across the emitter-base junction of a third switch transistor 79 in a manner similar to that of the second low voltage bridge rectifier 56 and the second switch transistor 48. Thus, when a magnetic flux is created in the second toroid 70 due to a current imbalance, the third low voltage bridge rectifier 78 produces a positive voltage differential across the emitter-base junction of the third switch transistor 79, which causes the third switch transistor 79 to turn on. The significance of this event will now be explained.

A fourth low voltage bridge rectifier 80 is connected, similar to the first low voltage bridge rectifier 24, in series with a capacitor 82 and a resistor 84 across the live 12 and neutral 14 inputs so as to produce both a positive 86 and a negative 88 low D.C. voltage supply rail. It should again be noted that the capacitor 82 and the resistor 84 serve to provide a high impedance which limits the effective A.C. voltage from the feeders across the fourth low voltage bridge rectifier 80, which in turn rectifies the resultant limited A.C. voltage so as to 12 produce the low D.C. voltage across the positive 86 and negative 88 supply rails. Also similar to the first low voltage bridge rectifier 24, a capacitor 90 and a resistor 92 are connected in parallel across the positive 86 and negative 88 supply rails so as to provide a positive voltage to the emitter of the third switch transistor 79 and to the emitter of a fifth switch transistor 100, and a negative voltage to the emitter of a fourth switch transistor 94.

At this point it should be noted that a single low voltage bridge rectifier can be used to perform the functions of both the first low voltage bridge rectifier 24 and the fourth low voltage bridge rectifier 80. The first 24 and the fourth 80 low voltage bridge rectifiers are both shown here for redundancy and circuit clarity purposes.

With this in mind, when the third switch transistor 79 is turned on as a result of a current imbalance between the live output 18 and the neutral output 20, the positive supply rail 86 is allowed to drive the base of the fourth switch transistor 94 through a series connected diode 96 and resistor 98, thereby turning on the fourth switch transistor 94. In turn, when the fourth switch transistor 94 is turned on, the negative supply rail 88 is allowed to drive the base of the fifth switch transistor 100 through a series connected resistor 102, thereby turning on the fifth switch transistor 100 and allowing a normally open two-contact relay 104 to become energized by current passing between the positive 86 and negative 88 supply rails.

When the two-contact relay 104 is energized, a first normally open relay contact 106 is closed, thereby creating a short circuit connection across the variable rate relay contact solenoid 36. This short circuit

SUBSTITUTESHEET(RULE26, 13 connection results in the variable rate relay contact solenoid 36 being de-energized, which in turn results in the single normally closed relay contact 38 and the three normally open relay contacts 60,62,64 being placed in their respective closed and open positions. Thus, the connection between the live input 12 and the live output 18 is open circuited, thereby preventing power from the mains electrical supply from being accessible at the socket outlets.

Also when the two-contact relay 104 is energized, a second normally open relay contact 108 is closed, thereby creating a unidirectional electrical connection from the ground input 16 to the neutral input 14 by way of a pair of series connected diodes 110,112 and a series connected current protection resistor 114. This unidirectional electrical connection is provided to prevent a circuit breaker (not shown) associated with the mains electrical supply from being blown in the event that the current imbalance was caused by a short circuit to ground. It should be noted that this unidirectional electrical connection can also be made from the ground input 16 to the live input i2 or from the neutral input 14 to the live input 12. A series connected switch 116 is provided along the unidirectional electrical connection so as to make this connection user-selectable.

Connections 52a and 52b, from toroid 52, with resistor 55, capacitor 57, and diodes 59a and 59b, serve to permit energizing of two-contact relay 104, with closing of relay contacts 106 and 108, and shut-off of current, when live and neutral outputs 18 and 20 are directly short-circuited. In addition, by selecting the number of turns 52c around toroid 52 between connections 52a, 52b and/or the value of resistor 55, a wattage of a predetermined amount can be detected. 13A

For example, if it is desired to shut-off the current when more current would be drawn than established by the electrical code, the desired number of turns 52c and/or the value of the resistor 55 can be selected to detect the wattage corresponding to the maximum permitted by the code. When this maximum is exceeded, current will flow to transistor 100 through loop 61 to energize relay 104 to thus shut-off current.

The secondary function of the safety circuit 10 as described so far thus disconnects the mains electrical supply from the socket outlets if a current imbalance is detected between the live output 18 and the neutral

14 output 20. If such a current imbalance does occur and the secondary function of the safety circuit 10 performs as required, then a third function of the safety circuit 10 is provided. This third function prevents power from the mains electrical supply to be accessible at the socket outlets after a current imbalance has been detected until either the condition that created the current imbalance is removed or, if the appliance is still connected to the socket outlets and turned on, the appliance is turned off before being turned on again.

This third function is accomplished by the fact that once a current imbalance condition has been detected and the first normally open relay contact 106 is closed, thereby essentially short circuiting the positive 30 and negative 32 supply rails, the storage capacitor 44 becomes discharged and stays discharged for as long as there is a closed circuit across the live output 18 and the neutral output 20, or across the live output 18 and the ground output 22. Under either of these conditions, the second switch transistor 48 is unable to bias the base of the first switch transistor 34, thereby preventing the first switch transistor 34 from turning on and allowing the variable rate relay contact solenoid 36 to become energized. Thus, only when the condition that created the current imbalance is cured and/or the appliance is disconnected from the socket outlets or the appliance is turned off will the safety circuit 10 be in a position to allow power from the mains electrical supply to be accessible at the socket outlets.

At this point it should be noted that the discrete components shown in Figure 1 that are not specifically identified in the above written description perform basic circuit functions which are known to those with ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, those discrete components that are not specifically identified above are not 15 intended to be determinative with respect to the function of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 2, there is shown an electrical safety socket 200 according to the present invention that may be used in combination with the above described safety circuit 10. The primary components of this safety socket 200 have been previously described in U.S Patent No. 5,069,632, issued December 3, 1991, and assigned to the assignee hereof. Accordingly, U.S. Patent No.

5,069,632 is hereby incorporated by reference, and the following description is directed to only those aspects of the safety socket 200 which afford improved inventive features.

The safety socket 200 provides live 202, neutral 204, and ground 206 inputs that may be connected directly to the live 18, neutral 20, and ground 22 outputs shown in Figure 1. The safety socket 200 also provides corresponding live 208, neutral 210, and ground 212 socket outlets that may be engaged with -a typical three prong electrical plug (not shown) . The ground input 206 is shown to be permanently connected to the ground outlet 212. Between the live 208 and neutral 210 socket outlets, however, there is a first switch assembly 214 which is arranged to assist in connecting the live input 202 to the live outlet 208 and the neutral input 204 to the neutral outlet 210 when substantially parallel electrical plug pins (not shown) , inserted into both the live outlet 208 and the neutral outlet 210, move these outlets into a substantially parallel position. Both this first switch assembly 214 and the manner in which the live 208 and neutral 210 outlets are moved are exactly as described in the above-mentioned incorporated by reference patent, wherein a switch housing 215, a first armature 216, a second armature 218, a plurality of switch contacts 220,222,224,226, an armature support rod 16

228, an armature support rod securing pin 230, an armature spring 232, a plurality of armature abutting means 234,236,238,240, and a pair of outlet springs 242,244 are required.

The safety socket 200 also provides a second switch assembly 246 that is comprised of a plurality of switches 248,250,252,254 having a plurality of switch contacts 248a,248b,250a,250b,252a, 252b,254a,254b, respectively. The position of the switches 248,250,252,254 is controlled by a pair of insulating armatures 256,258 that are pivotally supported by a pair of pins 260,262, respectively. In turn, the position of the armatures 256,258 is controlled by a pair of armature abutting means 264,266 and a corresponding pair of recoil springs 268,270, respectively, and the actual electrical plug pins (not shown) when inserted into the live 208 and neutral 210 outlets. When the electrical plug pins are not inserted into the live 208 and neutral 210 outlets (as shown), the armature abutting means 264,266 and the corresponding recoil springs 268,270 act to move the armatures 256,258 into first respective positions about their corresponding pivot pins 260,262, thereby forcing switch contacts 248a and 248b and switch contacts 252a and 252b to be closed. It should be noted that the switch contacts 248a and 252a are secured to an electrically conducting buss bar 272 such that electrical contact is made between them.

The operation of the safety socket 200 is as follows. When the safety socket 200 is in a disengaged position (as shown in Figure 2), the live input 202 is electrically disconnected from the live outlet 208 since the switch contacts 222 and 226 are open in the first switch assembly 214 and switch contacts 250a and 250b are open in the second switch assembly 246. Similarly, the neutral input 204 is electrically disconnected from,the 17 neutral outlet 210 since the switch contacts 220 and 224 are open in the first switch assembly 214 and switch contacts 254a and 254b are open in the second switch assembly 246. However, the live outlet 208 is electrically connected to the neutral outlet 210 since both switch contacts 248a and 248b and switch contacts 252a and 252b are closed, thereby short circuiting the live 208 and neutral 210 outlets through the electrically conducting buss bar 272. This short circuiting feature is useful for safety considerations whether the safety socket 200 is used with the above-described safety circuit 10 or when connected directly to standard mains electrical supply feeders.

Referring to Figure 3, the. safety socket 200 is shown with an electrical plug 274 engaged therewith. The plug 274 provides substantially parallel live 276, neutral 278, and ground 280 plug pins that are connected to live 282, neutral 284, and ground 286 wires, which are in turn connected to an appliance (not shown). The live 276, neutral 278, and ground 280 plug pins engage with the live 208, neutral 210, and ground 212 outlets such that the live 208 and neutral 210 outlets are moved into a substantially parallel position, thereby forcing switch contacts 220 and 224 and switch contacts 222 and 226 to be closed. Furthermore, the live 276 and neutral 278 plug pins act to move the armatures 256,258 into second respective positions about their corresponding pivot pins 260,262, thereby forcing switch contacts 250a and 250b and switch contacts 254a and 254b to be closed.

Thus, when the safety socket 200 is in an engaged position (as shown in Figure 3), the live input 202 is electrically connected to the live outlet 208, and hence to the live wire 282 of the appliance, since the switch contacts 222 and 226 are closed in the first switch assembly 214 and switch contacts 250a and 250b are closed

SUBSTTTOTESHEET(RULE26) 18 in the second switch assembly 246. Similarly, the neutral input 204 is electrically connected to the neutral outlet 210, and hence to the neutral wire 284 of the appliance, since the switch contacts 220 and 224 are closed in the first switch assembly 214 and switch contacts 254a and 254b are closed in the second switch assembly 246.

At this point it should be noted that the primary benefit of using the above-described safety socket 200 with the above-described safety circuit 10 is to provide an additional level of safety with respect to preventing power from a mains electrical supply to be accessible at the socket outlets unless an electrical appliance plug is properly engaged with the socket outlets. It should be further noted that both the safety socket 200 and the safety circuit 10 may be used independently of each other and may be adapted for other purposes. For example, the safety circuit 10 may be accommodated in an electrical plug assembly of an appliance.

With both the present invention safety circuit 10 and the safety socket 200 now fully described it can thus be seen that the objectives set forth above are efficiently attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above-described circuit 10 and socket 200 without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Claims

19 WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An electrical supply safety socket, comprising: an electrical safety socket having live and neutral socket inlets and a first switching means for electrically connecting said live and neutral socket inlets to respective live and neutral socket outlets;

an electrical safety circuit having live and neutral inputs and a second switching means for electrically connecting said live and neutral inputs to respective live and neutral outputs, said live and neutral outputs being electrically connected to said live and neutral socket inlets;

the arrangement of said electrical supply safety socket being such that an appliance electrically connected across said live and neutral socket outlets is electrically connected to said live and neutral inputs by way of said first switching means and said second switching means.

2. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 1, wherein said first switching means comprises:

a socket housing, wherein said live and neutral socket outlets are articulately mounted with respect to said socket housing so as to be capable of pivotal displacement with respect to each other;

a first switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to said live socket inlet and a second contact is connected to a first contact of a second switch;

a second switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to said second contact of said

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26 20 first switch and a second contact is connected to said live socket outlet and to a first contact of a third switch;

a third switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to said second contact of said second switch and a second contact is connected to a second contact of a sixth switch;

a fourth switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to said neutral socket inlet and a second contact is connected to a first contact of a fifth switch,

a fifth switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to said second contact of said fourth switch and a second contact is connected to said neutral socket outlet and to a first contact of a sixth switch;

a sixth switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to said second contact of said fifth switch and a second contact is connected to a second contact of said third switch;

first spring biasing means for biasing said live and neutral socket outlets into a non-parallel disposition,

first armature support means pivotally mounted on said socket housing;

a first pair of insulating armatures articulated to said first armature support means so as to be pivotally displaceable therewith and so as to be displaceable towards and away from each other, thereby bringing said first and second contacts of said first and second switches towards and away from each other; 21 second spring biasing means for biasing said first pair of insulating armatures away from each other;

first abutting means extending laterally from said socket outlets to said first pair of insulating armatures;

second armature support means disposed in a substan- tially perpendicular relationship to said socket outlets;

a second pair of insulating armatures each individu- ally articulated to said second armature support means so as to be individually pivotally displaceable thereabout, wherein a first of said second pair of insulating arma- tures is displaceable between said second and first con- tacts of said second and third switches, respectively, and wherein a second of said second pair of insulating armatures is displaceable between said second and first contacts of said fifth and sixth switches, respectively, thereby allowing said second pair of insulating armatures to control the position of said first contacts in said third and sixth switches, and said second contacts in said second and fifth switches, respectively;

third spring biasing means for biasing said first of said second pair of insulating armatures against said first contact of said third switch and for biasing said second of said second pair of insulating armatures against said first contact of said sixth switch, thereby biasing said third and sixth switches into a closed position so as to complete an electrical circuit between said first and second socket outlets;

the overall arrangement being such that partial simultaneous insertion of substantially parallel pins into said first and second socket outlets results in the displacement of said socket outlets into a substantially 22

75 parallel disposition which results in the displacement of

76 said first pair of insulating armatures towards one

77 another and in the closing of said first and fourth

78 switches, while complete simultaneous insertion of

79 substantially parallel pins into said first and second

80 socket outlets results in the displacement of said second

81 pair of insulating armatures toward said second contacts

82 of said second and fifth switches which results in the

83 closing of said second and fifth switches.

1 3. The electrical safety socket as defined in claim 2,

2 wherein said first pair of insulating armatures are

3 constituted by first and second insulating bars;

4 respective switch contacts being mounted on said

5 insulating bars facing each other, and wherein said first

6 armature support means is constituted by a rod pivotally

7 mounted about its mid-point with respect to said socket

8 housing and having end portions which slidingly extend

9 through apertures formed in said insulating bars.

1 4. The electrical safety socket as defined in claim 2,

2 further comprising a third socket outlet articulately

3 mounted with respect to said socket housing so as to be

4 capable of accepting a ground pin.

1 5. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in

2 claim 1, wherein said second switching means comprises:

3 switch means for electrically connecting said live

4 and neutral inputs to said live and neutral outputs,

5 respectively;

6 first circuit means for enabling said switch means

7 when live and neutral supply feeders are electrically

8 connected to said live and neutral inputs, respectively,

9 and an electrical circuit across said live and neutral 0 outputs is completed, said electrical circuit being 23 completed when an appliance is connected across said live and neutral outputs; and

second circuit means for monitoring the current in said electrical circuit across said live and neutral outputs, and for disabling said switch means when a current imbalance is detected in said electrical circuit.

6. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 5, wherein said switch means are constituted by relay contact switches operatively connected to a relay contact solenoid.

7. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 6, wherein said first circuit means comprises:

a rectifier circuit connected to said live and neutral inputs, for deriving a low D.C. voltage output therefrom;

a detector circuit operating off said low D.C. voltage, for detecting whether said electrical circuit across said live and neutral outputs is completed; and

a switching circuit operating off said low D.C. voltage and responsive to said detector circuit, for enabling said relay contact solenoid when said electrical circuit across said live and neutral outputs is completed;

8. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 7, wherein a high impedance element is connected in series between said rectifier circuit and said live and neutral inputs.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE fl 24 9. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 8, wherein said high impedance element is constituted by a capacitor.

10. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 7, wherein said detector circuit is comprised of a toroid for sensing current flow across said live and neutral outputs.

11. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 10, wherein said sensed current flow is initially derived from said low D.C. voltage.

12. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 7, wherein said first circuit means further comprises a dampening circuit connected between said live input and said live output so as to initially dampen an electrical connection made between said live input and said live output.

13. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 12, wherein said dampening circuit is comprised of a dampening element connected in series with a relay contact switch between said live input and said live output.

14. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 13, wherein said dampening element is constituted by a fluid filled resistor.

15. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 13, wherein said relay contact solenoid operates by opening and closing said relay contact switches at a variable rate, and wherein said relay contact switch in said dampening circuit is closed first in order to initially dampen said electrical connection made between said live input and said live output.

25 16. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 7, wherein said switching circuit is comprised of a switch transistor connected in series with said relay contact solenoid across said low D.C. voltage output, said switch transistor allowing current derived from said low D.C. voltage to flow therethrough so as to energize said relay contact solenoid, thereby enabling said relay contact solenoid.

17. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 6, wherein said second circuit means comprises:

a monitor circuit operating off said low D.C. voltage, for monitoring the current in said electrical circuit across said live and neutral outputs; and

a switching circuit operating off said low D.C. voltage and responsive to said monitor circuit, for disabling said relay contact solenoid when a current imbalance is detected in said electrical circuit;

18. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 17, wherein a high impedance element is connected in series between said rectifier circuit and said live and neutral inputs.

19. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 18, wherein said high impedance element is constituted by a capacitor.

20. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 17, wherein said monitor circuit is comprised of a 26 toroid for sensing an imbalance in current flow through said live and neutral outputs.

21. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 17, wherein said switching circuit is comprised of a switch transistor and an electromagnetic relay connected in series across said low D.C. voltage output, said switch transistor allowing current derived from said low D.C. voltage to flow therethrough so as to energize said electromagnetic relay.

22. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 21, wherein said electromagnetic relay is operatively connected to a first normally open contact connected in parallel across said relay contact solenoid such that the closing of said first normally open contact acts to short circuit and de-energize said relay contact solenoid, thereby disabling said relay contact solenoid.

23. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 21, further comprising a ground input and a ground output.

24. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 23, wherein said electromagnetic relay is operatively connected to a second normally open contact connected in an electrically unidirectional manner from said ground input to said neutral input, such that the closing of said second normally open contact acts to prevent circuit damage in the event of a short circuit current imbalance.

25. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 24, wherein a user-selectable switch is connected in series with said second normally open relay contact.

27 26. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 23, wherein said electromagnetic relay is operatively connected to a second normally open contact connected in an electrically unidirectional manner from said ground input to said live input, such that the closing of said second normally open contact acts to prevent circuit damage in the event of a short circuit current imbalance.

27. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 26, wherein a user-selectable switch is connected in series with said second normally open relay contact.

28. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 23, wherein said electromagnetic relay is operatively connected to a second normally open contact connected in an electrically unidirectional manner from said neutral input to said live input, such that the closing of said second normally open contact acts to prevent circuit damage in the event of a short circuit current imbalance.

29. The electrical supply safety socket as defined in claim 28, wherein a user-selectable switch is connected in series with said second normally open relay contact.

30. An electrical safety circuit, comprising:

live and neutral inputs;

live and neutral outputs;

switching means for electrically connecting said live and neutral inputs to said live and neutral outputs, respectively; 28 first circuit means for enabling said switching means when live and neutral supply feeders are electrically connected to said live and neutral inputs, respectively, and an electrical circuit across said live and neutral outputs is completed, said electrical circuit being completed when an appliance is connected across said live and neutral outputs; and

second circuit means for monitoring the current in said electrical circuit across said live and neutral outputs, and for disabling said switching means when a current imbalance is detected in said electrical circuit.

31. The electrical safety circuit -as defined in claim 30, wherein said switching means are constituted by relay contact switches operatively connected to a relay contact solenoid.

32. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 31, wherein said first circuit means comprises:

a detector circuit operating off said low D.C voltage, for detecting whether said electrical circuit across said live and neutral outputs is completed; and

33. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 32, wherein a high impedance element is connected in 29 series between said rectifier circuit and said live and neutral inputs.

34. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 33, wherein said high impedance element is constituted by a capacitor.

35. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 32, wherein said detector circuit is comprised of a toroid for sensing current flow across said live and neutral outputs.

36. The electrical safety circuit as defined in^' claim 35, wherein said sensed current flow is initially derived from said low D.C. voltage.

37. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 32, wherein said first circuit means further comprises a dampening circuit connected between said live input and said live output so as to initially dampen an electrical connection made between said live input and said live output.

38. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 37, wherein said dampening circuit is comprised of a dampening element connected in series with a relay contact switch between said live input and said live output.

39. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 38, wherein said dampening element is constituted by a fluid filled resistor.

40. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 38, wherein said relay contact solenoid operates by opening and closing said relay contact switches at a variable rate, and wherein said relay contact switch in

SUBSTITUTE SHE£T (RULE 26) 30 said dampening circuit is closed first in order to initially dampen said electrical connection made between said live input and said live output.

41. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 32, wherein said switching circuit is comprised of a switch transistor connected in series with said relay contact solenoid across said low D.C. voltage output, said switch transistor allowing current derived from said low D.C. voltage to flow therethrough so as to energize said relay contact solenoid, thereby enabling said relay contact solenoid.

42. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 31, wherein said second circuit means comprises:

43. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 42, wherein a high impedance element is connected in series between said rectifier circuit and said live and neutral inputs.

44. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 43, wherein said high impedance element is constituted by a capacitor.

31 45. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 42, wherein said monitor circuit is comprised of a toroid for sensing an imbalance in current flow through said live and neutral outputs.

46. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 42, wherein said switching circuit is comprised of a switch transistor and an electromagnetic relay connected in series across said low D.C. voltage output, said switch transistor allowing current derived from said low D.C. voltage to flow therethrough so as to energize said electromagnetic relay.

47. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 46, wherein said electromagnetic relay is operatively connected to a first normally open contact connected in parallel across said relay contact solenoid such that the closing of said first normally open contact acts to short circuit and de-energize said relay contact solenoid, thereby disabling said relay contact solenoid.

48. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 46, further comprising a ground input and a ground output.

49. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 48, wherein said electromagnetic relay is operatively connected to a second normally open contact connected in an electrically unidirectional manner from said ground input to said neutral input, such that the closing of said second normally open contact acts to prevent circuit damage in the event of a short circuit current imbalance.

50. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 49, wherein a user-selectable switch is connected in series with said second normally open relay contact.

32 51. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 48, wherein said electromagnetic relay is operatively connected to a second normally open contact connected in an electrically unidirectional manner from said ground input to said live input, such that the closing of said second normally open contact acts to prevent circuit damage in the event of a short circuit current imbalance.

52. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 51, wherein a user-selectable switch is connected in series with said second normally open relay contact.

53. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 48, wherein said electromagnetic relay is operatively connected to a second normally open contact connected in an electrically unidirectional manner from said neutral input to said live input, such that the closing of said second normally open contact acts to prevent circuit damage in the event of a short circuit current imbalance.

54. The electrical safety circuit as defined in claim 53, wherein a user-selectable switch is connected in series with said second normally open relay contact.

55. An electrical safety socket, comprising:

a socket housing;

first and second socket outlets articulately mounted with respect to said socket housing so as to be capable of pivotal displacement with respect to each other;

a first switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to a first feeder and a second contact is connected to a first contact of a second switch; 33 a second switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to said second contact of said first switch and a second contact is connected to said first socket outlet and to a first contact of a third switch;

a fourth switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to a second feeder and a second contact is connected to a first contact of a fifth switch,

a fifth switch having a pair of contacts wherein a first contact is connected to said second contact of said fourth switch and a second contact is connected to said second socket outlet and to a first contact of a sixth switch;

first spring biasing means for biasing said first and second socket outlets into a non-parallel disposition,

first armature support means pivotally mounted on said socket housing;

a first pair of insulating armatures articulated to said first armature support means so as to be pivotally displaceable therewith and so as to be displaceable . 34 towards and away from each other, thereby bringing said first and second contacts of said first and second switches towards and away from each other;

second spring biasing means for biasing said first pair of insulating armatures away from each other;

second armature support means disposed in a substantially perpendicular relationship to said socket outlets;

a second pair of insulating armatures each individually articulated to said second armature support means so as to be individually pivotally displaceable thereabout, wherein a first of said second pair of insulating armatures is displaceable between said second and first contacts of said second and third switches, respectively, and wherein a second of said second pair of insulating armatures is displaceable between said second and first contacts of said fifth and sixth switches, respectively, thereby allowing said second pair of insulating armatures to control the position of said first contacts in said third and sixth switches, and said second contacts in said second and fifth switches, respectively;

third spring biasing means for biasing said first of said second pair of insulating armatures against said first contact of said third switch and for biasing said second of said second pair of insulating armatures against said first contact of said sixth switch, thereby biasing said third and sixth switches into a closed

SUBSπtUrtSHEET(BULE2S) 35

71 position so as to complete an electrical circuit between

72 said first and second socket outlets;

73 the overall arrangement of said electrical safety

74 socket being such that partial simultaneous insertion of

75 substantially parallel pins into said first and second

76 socket outlets results in the displacement of said socket

77 outlets into a substantially parallel disposition which

78 results in the displacement of said first pair of

79 insulating armatures towards one another and in the

80 closing of said first and fourth switches, while complete

81 simultaneous insertion of substantially parallel pins

82 into said first and second socket outlets results in the

83 displacement of said second pair of insulating armatures

84 toward said second contacts of said second and fifth

85 switches which results in the closing of said second and

86 fifth switches.

1 56. The electrical safety socket as defined in claim 55,