WO1994016562A1 - Method for repelling game and device therefor - Google Patents
Method for repelling game and device therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994016562A1 WO1994016562A1 PCT/SE1994/000064 SE9400064W WO9416562A1 WO 1994016562 A1 WO1994016562 A1 WO 1994016562A1 SE 9400064 W SE9400064 W SE 9400064W WO 9416562 A1 WO9416562 A1 WO 9416562A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sulfide
- game
- container
- composition
- agent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for repelling game, an device useful in carrying out the method, and further relates to a method for the manufacture of said device, a transport or storage package for said device, a dispensing container for a game repellent composition and a barrier for preventing access of migrating game to a road or exluding it from an area to be protected.
- Damage caused by game can, on the one hand, be contained by increased hunting and, on the other hand, by physically protecting roads and forest plantations. These measures, however, are not sufficient to reduce such damage to an acceptable level, the reason being that the species causing the damage also are valuable game. Only moderate reduction of game stock seems to be acceptable to hunting interests. Another reason is that various types of fences and other physical barriers have been shown to be expensive and, in many cases, insufficient.
- Odorous compounds excreted by predators or by their urine and excrements have been shown to possess deterrent effect on artiodactyles species. Particularly wolf urine has been shown to be effective, even on game stock which for generations had not been in contact with wolves. The reason for this seems to be genetically determined. Some promising experiments have been made with paper or textile strips impregnated with wolf urine which is, however, expensive to procure, particularly in amounts needed for industrial applications. This seems to have prevented broader practical use of that method.
- Urine from predators which they also use for marking their territory has a very complex composition in respect of volatiles and comprises hundreds of compounds detectable by gas chromatography. Wolf urine, for instance, contains certain odorous components that also are excreted by other animals than carnivores, and even by plants or that are formed in microbial degradation of organic material, and which thus are not threatening to the game species one intends to affect.
- dialkyl sulfides are not specific for urine from canine species but of wide occurrence in nature, for example in crude oil and in microbial degradation of proteins, and should therefore not be considered as species-specific pheromones (and thus potential game repellants) .
- Dialkyl sulfides and a wide array of other low-molecular weight compounds have been used to repel bees from growing crops treated with insecticides (DE-A- 4 012 224) and for extermination of insects (DE-C- 363 656) .
- Dimethyl sulfide is known as a minute component in a game repellent composition of highly complex nature (EP-A- 280 443) .
- the method for repelling game comprises exposing game to an effective airborne amount of a dialkyl sulfide with from 3 to 14 carbon atoms. It is preferred for the dialkyl sulfide to have the general formula C n H 2n+2 S, n being 4 - 8.
- dialkyl sulfide is selected from the group consisting of diethyl sulfide, dipropyl sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, methyl propyl sulfide, butyl methyl sulfide, methyl pentyl sulfide, ethyl propyl sulfide, and butyl etyl sulfide. Most preferred is butyl methyl sulfide.
- alkyl sulfides are effective in very small airborne amounts, have low toxicity and can be easily and economically prepared from low-cost starting materials. They are easily biodegradable and environmentally harmless in the concentrations used.
- the device useful for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a closed dispensing container of polymer material containing a composition which, as game repellent agent, comprises at least one dialkyl sulfide having from three to fourteen carbon atoms dissolved in a dispensation retarding agent, the polymer material forming the container, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene, being selected to permit diffusion of said dialkyl sulfide through the container walls.
- a purpose with the dispensation retarding agent is to control and reduce the amount of game repellent agent diffusing through a given container wall area per time unit; the dispensation retarding agent, which can comprise more than one constituent, should have a low boiling pressure, preferably equal or lower than that of the game repellent agent, and its diffusion rate through the walls of the container should preferably be substantially smaller than that of the game repellent agent. It is also preferred for the dispensation retarding agent to have higher polarity than the game repellent agent.
- Another purpose with the dispensation retarding agent of low toxicity and low vapour pressure is to facilitate manipulation of the game repellent agent during filling of dispensing containers.
- a further purpose with the dispensation retarding agent is to protect the game repellent agent against oxidation and to act as solvent for adjuvants.
- the device useful for carrying out the method according to the invention is a closed container essentially consisting of a polymer material permitting slow diffusion of the game repellent agent through the container walls. These semipermeable walls, in combination with the dispensation retarding agent, thus provide for continuous slow dispensation of the game repellent agent to the ambient atmosphere.
- the game repellent agent Once the game repellent agent has become airborne it will be spread by circulating air and exhibit its game repellent effect. A game repellent concentration gradient will be established around the device. In the vicinity of the device the airborne concentrations of game repellent agent will be high enough to repel game, i.e. to make game to move in a direction away from the device.
- the at least one dialkyl sulfide in the container prefferably has the general formula C n H 2n+2 S, n being 4 - 8; more preferred is that it be selected from the group consisting of diethyl sulfide, dipropyl sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, methyl propyl sulfide, butyl methyl sulfide, methyl pentyl sulfide, ethyl propyl sulfide, and butyl etyl sulfide. Most preferred is butyl methyl sulfide.
- the dispensation retarding agent contains at least 25 % by weight of an agent selected from the group consisting of C 5 -C- 24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, C 5 -C 24 saturated fatty alcohols, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 200 to 600, and mixtures thereof.
- said composition comprises one or several additives selected from the group consisting of anti-oxidants, for example radical capturing and/or metal complex forming agents, light absorbants, particularly UV-absorbing agents, pH-stabilizing agents, surfactants, consistency- providing agents, and bulk agents insoluble in the composition, therein also being comprised agents that swell in contact with the composition.
- anti-oxidants for example radical capturing and/or metal complex forming agents
- light absorbants particularly UV-absorbing agents, pH-stabilizing agents, surfactants, consistency- providing agents, and bulk agents insoluble in the composition, therein also being comprised agents that swell in contact with the composition.
- the permeability of the container walls is selected to provide for dispensation of effective amounts of repellent agent down to temperatures of - 10° C.
- the method for manufacture of the game repellent device comprises segmentation of a plastic tube to obtain a tube segment, radial compression of the tube segment at its one end to form a bottom and a lug while adding heat or energy, partial filling of the tube segment with a predetermined volume of a liquid composition containing a volatile game repellent agent, such as a dialkyl sulfide having from three to fourteen carbon atoms, dissolved in a dispensation retarding agent, sealing the open other end by radial compression while adding heat or energy to form a lock and another lug, and providing, at one or both of the lugs, means for attachment of the game repellent device to trees, poles, etc.
- a volatile game repellent agent such as a dialkyl sulfide having from three to fourteen carbon atoms
- a transport and/or storage package for one or several dispensing devices according to the invention, the packaging material of which comprises a thin walled laminate comprising at least one gas-impermeable layer.
- a barrier against migrating game based on the method and/or the device according to the invention.
- the barrier comprises a plurality of devices according to the invention in an interspaced relationship. The distance between neighbouring devices is determined by the game repellent agent concentration gradient and scent detection threshold of the animals to be kept out.
- the devices are intended to be attached to trees, bushes, poles, or similar at a height of from about 0,5 to about 2,5 m above the ground.
- a game barrier according to the invention extending substantially in one direction will comprise a plurality of devices according to the invention arranged along a straight or curved line. Preferred is a distance of between 2 and 25 m between neighbouring devices which are attached to trees, etc. in the way described above.
- a dispensing container for a game repellent composition comprising a volatile game repellent agent of low polarity (hydrocarbon, ether, thioether or similar) diffusable through polymer material dissolved in a dispensation retarding agent, said container comprising a closed chamber having walls of polymer material, preferably linear low density polyetylene or polypropylene, arranged for enclosure of said game repellent composition and permitting, at temperatures down to about -10° C, diffusion of from 0,05 to 2,5 mg repellent agent per day and cm 2 at a wall thickness of 1 mm.
- This dispensing container should also be useful for dispensing low polarity game repellants other than those disclosed according to the present invention.
- Fig. 1 a game repellent device according to the invention, in a side view and in a longitudinal axial section perpendicular to the lugs (line B - B in Fig. 2) ,
- Fig. 2 the device of Fig. 1, in a side view and in a longitudinal axial section parallel to the lugs (line A - A in Fig. 1) ,
- Fig. 3 a cartographic sketch type top view of a game barrier according to the invention comprising a plurality of game repellent dispensing devices
- Fig. 4 a cartographic sketch type top view of a game barrier according to the invention similar to that shown in Fig. 3, but with the game repellent dispensing devices in a zig-zag relationship.
- the dispensing container or capsule 1 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is about 5 cm long and has upper and lower terminal lugs 2, 3 and an integral container portion 4 extending between these lugs and having a wall 5 thickness of 1 mm and a lumen of 8 mm.
- the capsule material is low density polyethylene.
- the lower part of container portion 4 is filled with a composition 6 containing game repellant.
- the free volume above composition 6 is filled with air.
- the upper lug 2 has a through hole 8 for attachment purposes.
- the liquid composition 6 in the container portion 4 is a 1 : 1 (v/v) mixture of butyl methyl sulfide (repellant) and a fatty acid fraction derived from tall oil (dispensation retarding agent) with the trade name BevacidTM 2 (Bergvik Kemi AB, Sandarne, Sweden) described to contain 30 % by weight of oleic acid and 64 % by weight of multiple unsaturated fatty acids of which about 90 % by weight are non-conjugated. Benzyl alcohol and 1-hexanol have also been found to be particularly useful dispensation retarding agents.
- Butyl methyl sulfide and the other sulfides disclosed are prior known compounds and can be easily prepared by standard methods, e.g. methods referenced in Beilstein and other standard reference literature.
- Example 2
- the dispensing device described in example 1 is manufactured in the following way.
- a tube of LD- polyethylene is cut into pieces about 60 mm in length, which are closed at the bottom by radial compression under heating, are arranged in an upright position and filled with 1,4 ml of a 1 : 1 (v/v) mixture of game repellent agent and the tall oil fraction according to example 1.
- the upper end of the container is then heat sealed and a hole punched into the resulting lug.
- a number of the dispensing containers thus obtained is packed into an outer envelope of gas tight laminate foil of type PET/A1/PE (polyethylene terephthalate/aluminium/ polyetylene) .
- the capsules 1 can be stored and transported without their odour causing inconvenience.
- the outer envelope is removed only when mounting the capsules to form a game repellent barrier.
- a injection moulded container of about the same general form and size which may lack the bottom lug can be used for filling with the composition according to the invention and be further processed as described above. Sealing of the container with ultrasound was found to be particularly useful.
- the map sketch in Fig. 3 shows the mounting location of a number of dispensing capsules 1 along a road 12 (which is intended to be protected from game intending to pass over from one side to the other) by means of poles 10 anchored in the ground and at trees 11.
- the barrier thereby obtained (indicated by S - S, broken line) bars game from reaching the road 12 in an area extending along the road and parallel with the barrier.
- When setting up the barrier one should consider the influence of (predominant) wind direction(s) on air transport of the game repellent agent dispensed by the containers.
- scent barriers like the one according to the invention should not be arranged immediately adjacent to the road 12 or the area intended for protection, but at a distance D from the road or said area, where D is suitably at least three times the average distance E between neighbouring dispensing containers 1.
- the latter (S' - S') can be given the zig-zag arrangement shown in Fig. 4; the respective dispensing containers are designated 1' , the distance between neighbouring containers 1' is designated by E', and the average distance between the road 12 and the barrier S' - S' by D'.
- the zig-zag relationship of the containers 1' provides for greater protection against unintended passage of game through the barrier should the wind direction coincide with the direction of game approaching the barrier.
- the above described distance relationships should equally apply to scent barriers in general and thus not be confined to implementation solely by the game repellent devices according to the present invention.
- a barrier consisting of unmarked containers filled with butyl methyl sulfide and a tall oil fraction according to example 2 was set up in forest terrain in Vasternorrland (northern Sweden) .
- the containers were fixed at trees or similar at an average height of 1.5 m above the ground and at an average distance of 15 m between each other. It was observed that artiodactyles game, primarily elk, approaching the barrier would stop near the barrier and proceed in parallel with it or turn back. In separate experiments it was found that noticeable effect extended over a period of more than six months. No effect was observed in an experiment with containers filled with tall oil fraction only.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94906419A EP0693875A1 (en) | 1993-01-27 | 1994-01-27 | Method for repelling game and device therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9300251A SE500799C2 (en) | 1993-01-27 | 1993-01-27 | Device and method of rejecting game with a dialkyl sulfide, dispensing container thereof, packaging and game fencing comprising one or more devices |
SE9300251-7 | 1993-01-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994016562A1 true WO1994016562A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
Family
ID=20388683
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1994/000064 WO1994016562A1 (en) | 1993-01-27 | 1994-01-27 | Method for repelling game and device therefor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0693875A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2154466A1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE500799C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994016562A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999033339A2 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-07-08 | Rakich, Andrew | Pest repellents |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE363656C (en) * | 1921-06-05 | 1922-11-11 | Farbenfab Vorm Bayer F & Co | Preparations for the destruction of plant and animal pests |
EP0280443A2 (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-08-31 | Dalgety U.K. Limited | Improvements in or relating to repellent compositions |
DE4012224A1 (en) * | 1990-04-14 | 1991-10-17 | Heinrich Dr Holtmann | Bee repellent for controlling bees behaviour - has hydroxy gp., contg. organic cpd(s). to deflect bees away from contaminated areas to protect bees and prevent contamination of bee prods. |
US5183661A (en) * | 1991-12-09 | 1993-02-02 | James Messina | Deer repellent device and method |
EP0536452A1 (en) * | 1990-08-08 | 1993-04-14 | Gerald A. Walters | Wildlife repellant unit |
WO1993017552A1 (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-09-16 | Phytoforce S.A. | Bag containing an animal-repellent material |
-
1993
- 1993-01-27 SE SE9300251A patent/SE500799C2/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-01-27 WO PCT/SE1994/000064 patent/WO1994016562A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-01-27 EP EP94906419A patent/EP0693875A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-01-27 CA CA 2154466 patent/CA2154466A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE363656C (en) * | 1921-06-05 | 1922-11-11 | Farbenfab Vorm Bayer F & Co | Preparations for the destruction of plant and animal pests |
EP0280443A2 (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-08-31 | Dalgety U.K. Limited | Improvements in or relating to repellent compositions |
DE4012224A1 (en) * | 1990-04-14 | 1991-10-17 | Heinrich Dr Holtmann | Bee repellent for controlling bees behaviour - has hydroxy gp., contg. organic cpd(s). to deflect bees away from contaminated areas to protect bees and prevent contamination of bee prods. |
EP0536452A1 (en) * | 1990-08-08 | 1993-04-14 | Gerald A. Walters | Wildlife repellant unit |
US5183661A (en) * | 1991-12-09 | 1993-02-02 | James Messina | Deer repellent device and method |
WO1993017552A1 (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-09-16 | Phytoforce S.A. | Bag containing an animal-repellent material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Experientia, Volume 40, 1984, (Basel), J. RAYMER et al., "Volatile Constituents of Wolf (Canis Lupus) Urine as Related to Gender and Season", page 707 - page 709. * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999033339A2 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-07-08 | Rakich, Andrew | Pest repellents |
WO1999033339A3 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-11-18 | Rakich Andrew | Pest repellents |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2154466A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
SE500799C2 (en) | 1994-09-05 |
SE9300251D0 (en) | 1993-01-27 |
EP0693875A1 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
SE9300251L (en) | 1994-07-28 |
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