WO1994013510A1 - A system of visual perception stimulators - Google Patents
A system of visual perception stimulators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994013510A1 WO1994013510A1 PCT/SE1993/001062 SE9301062W WO9413510A1 WO 1994013510 A1 WO1994013510 A1 WO 1994013510A1 SE 9301062 W SE9301062 W SE 9301062W WO 9413510 A1 WO9413510 A1 WO 9413510A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contrast
- motion
- stimulators
- visual perception
- vision
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/40—Arrangements responsive to adverse atmospheric conditions, e.g. to signal icy roads or to automatically illuminate in fog; Arrangements characterised by heating or drying means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
- A61B3/06—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing light sensitivity, e.g. adaptation; for testing colour vision
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S10/00—Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B5/00—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
- G08B5/22—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
- G08B5/36—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
Definitions
- a SYSTEM OF VISUAL PERCEPTION STIMULATORS Visual perception stimulators according to patent no. 8501185-6, which are arranged in a system having concurrent movements in order to generate particularly vivid visual impressions, particularly in the peripheral vision field of humans and animals.
- the vivid visual impressions are achieved by the fact that the movements of two or more contrast members are concurrent as a result of that they are driven at distinct angular velocities in a controlled relation within the one and same period of motion.
- the system may generate visual impressions in the peripheral vision, which thanks to the vividness also may be given distinctive characteristics and patterns of motion, which imitate, e.g., a galloping animal or entire bird wings.
- the peripherally fluttering movement originating from the contrast members may be further magnified through the particular arrangement using distinct angular velocities for concurrent contrast members, compared to what they may achieve when driven at identical angular velocities in the figures.
- the contrast members are visible as individual movements.
- a greater angular movement is visible, which above all is more vivid and develop ⁇ ing.
- patterns of movement having more pronounced and more differentiated characteristics may be generated.
- leg The principle of the vivid effect may be illustrated by the motion of a human leg. It is wellknown that legs, arms and wings present substantially higher angular velocities for its peripher ⁇ al portions than close to the body. In the case of a leg, there are two distinct movements, which, one following the other, develop into one unit. Thereby, the foot has a substantially higher angular velocity than the knee. A galloping animal may further present a rhythmical angular motion of the entire body.
- a system of visual perception stimulators having concurrent movements may achieve similar vivid shadow-plays in order to develop visual impressions in the individual, which already from the beginning are perceived as an identifiable danger or concern, regardless of in which position in the field of vision they may occur.
- a primary contrast member has this relationship, and one or more secondary contrast members have a differing phase of shadow.
- the secondary contrast member begins its phase of screening when the phase of screening of the primary contrast member has been going on for a while and that the patterns of screening of both contrast members will be finished simultaneously.
- This co-opera ⁇ tion between the contrast members within a period of motion will generate an angular movement, which is twice as great as when the contrast members switch phases according to the phi phenomenon. Above all, the vivid and developing movement is achieved through the concurrent contrast members.
- each contrast member may be alternatingly primary or secondary and may also be controlled for alternating directions of motion. This arrangement seems to be advantageous due to adaptation phenomena related to peripheral vision under circum ⁇ stances, when a concern must be seen position determined for a long time, e.g. a beacon light for pilots. The same goes for conditions where the angle magnitude grows too slowly to be ex ⁇ perienced as fast growing, e.g., from an emergency vehicle at a greater distance.
- Isoluminance may be achieved, e.g., by the light of a floodlight, when the light itself is not visible against a light background.
- Isoluminance may be achieved, e.g., by the light of a floodlight, when the light itself is not visible against a light background.
- World War II before the age of the radar, it was successfully tried to make aircrafts invisible by means of floodlights on their frontal surfaces. The light took away the dark portions.
- Such luminance also appears in connection with vehicles as the sun shines directly on their fronts. Thereby, however, they appear particularly well to the sharp human vision. But to the peripheral vision, the vehicle is clearly more difficult to visually perceive, since the direct sunlight takes away the dark contrasts.
- the shadow effects achieved by visual perception stimulators having effects of contrast and motion provides a very distinct and satisfactory visibility under foggy and snowy conditions compared to what is achieved by conventional lights and visual caution devices.
- the shadow phenomenon does not diffuse in the same shattering way as that of the light of a lamp.
- lamellae as contrast members, also these will have to be controlled to different angular velocities within the respective systems, in order for the intended vivid stimu ⁇ lation effect to be generated.
- a practical possibility consists in dividing the lamellae in 2 groups, one of the groups consti ⁇ tuting the primary contrast member and the second being driven with a differing phase length as a secondary contrast member.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
In order to survive, human beings and animals have a great need to immediately and enconditionally detect dangers and concerns wherever they may occur within the field of vision as well as a need of monitoring those, also in the case, where the central vision is directed towards another sector of the field of observation. These conditions of living may also be solved for technical dangers and concerns such as vehicles, aircrafts, beacon lights etc. Through stimulation using visual perception stimulators, which present effects of contrast and motion, thereby becoming visible within the entire field of vision at the intended distance, regardless of the light conditions in the surrounding area. A shading effect leads to the visibility being particularly manifest and distinct during foggy and snowy as well as sunny conditions. The shading effect also prevents isoluminance. By the use of visual perception stimulators having concurrent movements, particularly vivid effects of motion and distinctive patterns of motion may be generated. The particular vividness through controlling one or more secondary contrast members using patterns of screening, which differ from that of the primary contrast member, yet concurring during some part of the period.
Description
A SYSTEM OF VISUAL PERCEPTION STIMULATORS Visual perception stimulators according to patent no. 8501185-6, which are arranged in a system having concurrent movements in order to generate particularly vivid visual impressions, particularly in the peripheral vision field of humans and animals.
The vivid visual impressions are achieved by the fact that the movements of two or more contrast members are concurrent as a result of that they are driven at distinct angular velocities in a controlled relation within the one and same period of motion. Thereby, the system may generate visual impressions in the peripheral vision, which thanks to the vividness also may be given distinctive characteristics and patterns of motion, which imitate, e.g., a galloping animal or entire bird wings.
The possibility of co-ordinating a plurality of visual perception stimulators to figures is described in the patent document 8501185-6. Two visual perception stimulators in juxtaposition may give the impression of a bird's wing movements. Four visual perception stimulators assembled in a rectangular arrangement and paced driven diagonally in pairs, may give the impression of a human pattern of movement.
Further experimenting has shown, that the peripherally fluttering movement originating from the contrast members may be further magnified through the particular arrangement using distinct angular velocities for concurrent contrast members, compared to what they may achieve when driven at identical angular velocities in the figures. In the latter case, the contrast members are visible as individual movements. When these instead are driven with concurrent, distinct angular velocities, a greater angular movement is visible, which above all is more vivid and develop¬ ing. Thereby, patterns of movement having more pronounced and more differentiated characteristics may be generated.
The principle of the vivid effect may be illustrated by the motion of a human leg. It is wellknown that legs, arms and wings
present substantially higher angular velocities for its peripher¬ al portions than close to the body. In the case of a leg, there are two distinct movements, which, one following the other, develop into one unit. Thereby, the foot has a substantially higher angular velocity than the knee. A galloping animal may further present a rhythmical angular motion of the entire body. Since the diffuse peripheral vision in daylight perceive these natural movements in the first moments as a vivid shadow-play, giving however the possibility of a certain instant identifi¬ cation, a system of visual perception stimulators having concurrent movements may achieve similar vivid shadow-plays in order to develop visual impressions in the individual, which already from the beginning are perceived as an identifiable danger or concern, regardless of in which position in the field of vision they may occur.
It is wellknown from studies in the psychology of visual perception, that an impression of a movement may be obtained between two points of light being alternately put on and off - the so called "phi phenomenon". If the test is carried out in a dark room where no background is visible to relate to, a jumping light will be seen at a certain pace. At a particular time relationship and at a certain distance between the points of light, however, instead a point of light moving between the positions will be seen. Such a movement may also be provided by two contrast members as their phases of screening occur alternat- ingly. The desired vivid and developing movement may not, however, be obtained in this manner. To that end, the particular concurrent system will be necessary.
In the patent document 8501185-6, it is mentioned that the best effect or visibility from the phase of shadow will be obtained when the phase of shadow has a duration of appr. 50 % of the period of motion. In the concurrent system, a primary contrast member has this relationship, and one or more secondary contrast members have a differing phase of shadow. In a simple basic form, the secondary contrast member begins its phase of screening when
the phase of screening of the primary contrast member has been going on for a while and that the patterns of screening of both contrast members will be finished simultaneously. This co-opera¬ tion between the contrast members within a period of motion will generate an angular movement, which is twice as great as when the contrast members switch phases according to the phi phenomenon. Above all, the vivid and developing movement is achieved through the concurrent contrast members.
The phase(s) of shading of the secondary contrast member(s) will be determined in each individual case depending on the effect desired to be obtained and the combination of patterns of motion sought for. In more complicated drive systems for the contrast members, each contrast member may be alternatingly primary or secondary and may also be controlled for alternating directions of motion. This arrangement seems to be advantageous due to adaptation phenomena related to peripheral vision under circum¬ stances, when a concern must be seen position determined for a long time, e.g. a beacon light for pilots. The same goes for conditions where the angle magnitude grows too slowly to be ex¬ perienced as fast growing, e.g., from an emergency vehicle at a greater distance.
Since the effects of contrast and motion are entirely independent in relation to the background, nor does any isoluminance occur. Isoluminance may be achieved, e.g., by the light of a floodlight, when the light itself is not visible against a light background. During World War II, before the age of the radar, it was successfully tried to make aircrafts invisible by means of floodlights on their frontal surfaces. The light took away the dark portions. Such luminance also appears in connection with vehicles as the sun shines directly on their fronts. Thereby, however, they appear particularly well to the sharp human vision. But to the peripheral vision, the vehicle is clearly more difficult to visually perceive, since the direct sunlight takes away the dark contrasts. The shadow effects achieved by visual perception stimulators having effects of contrast and motion
provides a very distinct and satisfactory visibility under foggy and snowy conditions compared to what is achieved by conventional lights and visual caution devices. The shadow phenomenon does not diffuse in the same shattering way as that of the light of a lamp. With systems consisting of concurrent contrast members, in addition to independent visibility under said sight conditions and without isoluminance disturbances, distinct and easily identifiable visual patterns may be generated.
In order to obtain the intended result, the movement of secondary contrast members must be carefully controlled in relation to the period of motion of the primary contrast member. Wellknown technology may be used for this purpose. In a hatch alternative, when the hatch is driven by means of grooved wheels, in the simple basic form, the grooved wheel intended for the secondary contrast member is produced having a shorter bent portion of the groove than has the groove concerning the primary contrast member. Connecting rod systems, camshafts, eccentrically journalled cogwheels and non-circular members of the kind may control the relative movement of secondary contrast members, so that their angular velocities increase and decrease during each period. Sensors of various types may be arranged to react to the positions of the primary contrast members and to control secondary contrast members, which then suitably are driven by separate motors. This last alternative is likely to be parti¬ cularly advantageous, when the contrast members are alternatingly primary or secondary, and when their direction of movement has to be alternating.
In the alternative using lamellae as contrast members, also these will have to be controlled to different angular velocities within the respective systems, in order for the intended vivid stimu¬ lation effect to be generated. A practical possibility consists in dividing the lamellae in 2 groups, one of the groups consti¬ tuting the primary contrast member and the second being driven with a differing phase length as a secondary contrast member.
Claims
1. Visual perception stimulators arranged in a system having concurrent movements of contrast members to generate particularly vivid impressions of motion, particularly in the peripheral vision field of humans and animals, which system in a simple fundamental form is characterized in that a primary contrast member is controlled with a phase of screening of about 50 % and a secondary contrast member is controlled to begin its phase of screening within each period of motion at a later point of time than that of the primary contrast member and in that both contrast members finish the phase of screening simultaneously.
2. The system of visual perception stimulators according to claim 1, characterized in that 2 or more contrast members having concurrent movements within each period of time are alternatingly driven so that the contrast members may be primary or secondary as well as obtain alternating directions of movement and time phases.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU56638/94A AU5663894A (en) | 1992-12-09 | 1993-12-09 | A system of visual perception stimulators |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9203702A SE500256C2 (en) | 1992-12-09 | 1992-12-09 | System of sensory stimuli |
SE9203702-7 | 1992-12-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994013510A1 true WO1994013510A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
Family
ID=20388070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1993/001062 WO1994013510A1 (en) | 1992-12-09 | 1993-12-09 | A system of visual perception stimulators |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU5663894A (en) |
SE (1) | SE500256C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994013510A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005975A (en) * | 1959-11-16 | 1961-10-24 | Lawrence N Lea | Warning, safety stop and distress signalling lights devices |
US3781538A (en) * | 1972-07-26 | 1973-12-25 | P Brudy | Emergency warning lamp |
GB1353276A (en) * | 1971-06-25 | 1974-05-15 | Rau Swf Autozubehoer | Flashing warning light for road traffic |
SE459697B (en) * | 1985-03-11 | 1989-07-24 | Ernst Goete Soerefall | Device with sight angle movement and shadow effect |
-
1992
- 1992-12-09 SE SE9203702A patent/SE500256C2/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-12-09 AU AU56638/94A patent/AU5663894A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-09 WO PCT/SE1993/001062 patent/WO1994013510A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005975A (en) * | 1959-11-16 | 1961-10-24 | Lawrence N Lea | Warning, safety stop and distress signalling lights devices |
GB1353276A (en) * | 1971-06-25 | 1974-05-15 | Rau Swf Autozubehoer | Flashing warning light for road traffic |
US3781538A (en) * | 1972-07-26 | 1973-12-25 | P Brudy | Emergency warning lamp |
SE459697B (en) * | 1985-03-11 | 1989-07-24 | Ernst Goete Soerefall | Device with sight angle movement and shadow effect |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5663894A (en) | 1994-07-04 |
SE9203702D0 (en) | 1992-12-09 |
SE9203702L (en) | 1994-05-24 |
SE500256C2 (en) | 1994-05-24 |
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