WO1994013095A2 - Interfaces utilisateurs pour systeme d'archivage d'images et de communication - Google Patents

Interfaces utilisateurs pour systeme d'archivage d'images et de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994013095A2
WO1994013095A2 PCT/US1993/011384 US9311384W WO9413095A2 WO 1994013095 A2 WO1994013095 A2 WO 1994013095A2 US 9311384 W US9311384 W US 9311384W WO 9413095 A2 WO9413095 A2 WO 9413095A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
monitor
display
images
input switches
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/011384
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English (en)
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WO1994013095A3 (fr
Inventor
James L. Taaffe
Original Assignee
Rstar, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rstar, Inc. filed Critical Rstar, Inc.
Publication of WO1994013095A2 publication Critical patent/WO1994013095A2/fr
Publication of WO1994013095A3 publication Critical patent/WO1994013095A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
    • G16H30/20—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for handling medical images, e.g. DICOM, HL7 or PACS
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
    • G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing

Definitions

  • a radiology department in a hospital or other medical clinic is typically responsible for the production, review, and storage of radiological images, such as x-ray images of patients.
  • Various personnel are used in the radiology department to fulfill these responsibilities. For example, after an image is generated, a clerk or technician must label the image with pertinent identification and assign the image to a radiologist for a first reading. The technician can also determine which, if any, other images are pertinent to the reading of the current image and provide those other images along with the current image.
  • the images are stored in a library that is maintained by film librarians.
  • the film librarians are not only responsible for the orderly storage of the images but also for the retrieval of images upon request. Images are retrieved for various reasons, including review of a patient, a comparison study be ⁇ tween images in different studies for the same patient, a training session, or any combination thereof. In a comparison study, it is advantageous to view together those images taken at a same angle of the patient and to be able to proceed through a series of images from one study in parallel with a similar series of images from another study. Thus, placement of images for review is an important task that is performed by a film clerk or technician.
  • ICU Intensive Care Unit
  • physicians working in an Intensive Care Unit typically require images of each patient held in intensive care to be available in the ICU. Consequently, an x-ray film taken in the ICU is delivered to radiology for development. The image from the developed film is then carried to the ICU from the radiology department.
  • Such an arrangement requires the radiologist to travel to the ICU to interpret films stored there, which is not the best use of a radiologist's skill and time.
  • the present invention provides a data processing system that automates the storage, and viewing of medical images.
  • the medical images are digitally stored within a computer storage device as medical image data.
  • the medical images of various patients can be digitized from conventional images, such as x-ray images, or generated by clinical imaging systems such as a CAT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , nuclear imaging (NI) , or other computed radiography (CR) systems.
  • the medical image data is stored in an image server as a digital representation of the medical image data. Each image is classified in the image server according to the particular patient.
  • Each patient can have a plurality of studies, each study in turn having a plurality of images.
  • the image server also stores text data and voice data associated with any patient, study, or image.
  • An image entry station is coupled to the image server.
  • the image entry station is used to enter the digital representations of medical images into the image server.
  • the image entry station can be a film digitizer station for electronically digitizing conven ⁇ tional radiographs and entering the digitized radiographs into the image server.
  • the image entry station can also be a computed radiography station.
  • a patient census station is also coupled to the image server. The patient census station is used to enter and maintain text data related to each patient.
  • the text data includes patients demographics, patient location, and patient discharge information.
  • An image review station is also coupled to the image server.
  • the image review station is used to access medical images and text data stored in the image server. Voice data can .also be entered into the image server using the image review station.
  • the image review station is further used to display the medical images and text data to a user in response to a set of commands.
  • the image review station is located remote from the image entry station.
  • the image review station comprises a first monitor having touch-sensitive input switches.
  • the input switches of the first monitor are used to enter a first set of user commands.
  • the user selects a first display image to be displayed on the first monitor using the input switches on the first monitor.
  • the first monitor displays the first display image.
  • the image review station can further comprise a second monitor also having touch-sensitive input switches.
  • the input switches of the second monitor represent a second set of user commands.
  • the second monitor displays a second display image in response to user commands entered from the first monitor and the second monitor.
  • the second display image is displayed simultaneously with the first display image.
  • the monitors are cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays coupled to a radiographic image data processing unit having a video source for displaying radiographic images to a user.
  • the monitor comprises a plurality of touch-sensitive input switches disposed on the perimeter of the display.
  • the input switches accept user input and are coupled to the data processing unit.
  • the input switches comprise softkeys and hardkeys.
  • the softkeys are defined based on the state of the display and the hardkeys have fixed definitions.
  • the first group of softkeys are registered to a display list, each of the input switches in the first group of softkeys is used to select an item from the display list.
  • Each of the second group of softkeys are registered to a display function for controlling the state of the display.
  • Each image review station provides simultaneous access to a display of stored medical image data.
  • Such an arrangement permits physicians in an ICU and radiologists in a radiology department to view and analyze the medical image simultaneously.
  • a user enters user commands using touch-sensitive input switches on a first monitor.
  • An ICU is selected by the user or by default to the user's current ICU.
  • a list of patients within the ICU is displayed to the user.
  • the user selects a patient from the patient list using the input switches.
  • a list of studies for the selected patient is displayed to the user.
  • Each study is a sequence of images.
  • the user selects a study from the study list using the input switches.
  • An image from the selected study is displayed to the user. Initially, the image is the first sequential image in the study.
  • a list of images in the current study is displayed simultaneously with the displayed image. In a dual- monitor embodiment of the invention, the next sequential image in the study is displayed on a second monitor.
  • An i ager is also coupled to the image server.
  • the imager produces hardcopy printouts of medical images.
  • the imager is a laser imager that prints on film.
  • an optical image local area network is used to couple the various component together.
  • the LAN permits the image review stations to be located remote from the image server.
  • a central image server located in a hospital can be used by satellite clinics, each satellite clinic having an image review station.
  • the satellite clinics can across-town, across-country, or around-the-world from the image server.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a picture archiving and communication system.
  • FIGs. 2A-2B are schematic block diagrams of a patient demographics database maintained in the image server 30 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic block diagram of a patient information record.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic block diagram of patient study records.
  • FIGs. 3A-3D are block diagrams showing preferred embodiments of configuring the invention.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a high-resolution system with wet-image reading in radiology.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates a high- resolution system with wet-image reading in the intensive care units.
  • FIG. 3C illustrates a medium- resolution system with wet-image reading in radiology.
  • FIG. 3D illustrates a medium-resolution system with hard copy review in radiology.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an image server 30 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an image review station 40 of FIG. 1.
  • FIGs. 6A-6B are pictorial representations of image review station monitors 458 of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates a single-monitor image review station.
  • FIG. 6B illustrates a dual-monitor image review station.
  • FIG. 7 is a high level flow diagram of the menu structure of the image review station.
  • FIGs. 8A-8B are pictorial representations of a patient list display.
  • FIG. 8A is a pictorial representation of a displayed patient listing screen on a single-monitor image review station.
  • FIG. 8B is a pictorial representation of a displayed patient listing screen on a dual-monitor image review station.
  • FIGs. 9A-9B are pictorial representations of a study list display.
  • FIG. 9A is a pictorial representation of a displayed study listing screen on a single-monitor image review station.
  • FIG. 9B is a pictorial representation of a displayed exam listing screen on a dual-monitor image review station.
  • FIGs. 10A-B are pictorial representations of an image list display.
  • FIG. 10A is a pictorial representation of a displayed image listing screen on a single-monitor image review station.
  • FIG. 10B is a pictorial representation of a displayed image listing screen on a dual-monitor image review station.
  • FIG. 11 is a pictorial representation of a displayed image listing screen and an exam listing screen on a dual-monitor image review station.
  • FIG. 12 is a pictorial representation of a displayed image listing screen and a comparison.image listing screen on a dual-monitor image review station.
  • FIG. 13 is a pictorial representation of a displayed menu screen on a single-monitor image review station.
  • the present invention is a computer system that makes it easier for personnel in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and radiology departments to work together.
  • the invention is an electronic imaging system that makes radiographic images available to ICU physicians and to radiologists at the same time. Radiographic images start in radiology, where they are digitized and stored in a computer system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. These digitized images are immediately available in both the radiology department and in the ICU.
  • the system of the invention is a computer network intended to deal with a specific operational problem existing in most hospitals.
  • One problem solved by the invention is that ICU physicians require that radiographic images be in the ICU at all times, while radiologists require that radiographic interpretation be done in the radiology department. Patients in an ICU typically receive one portable chest radiographic per day, and in many instances more than one. To ensure patient care, it is vital that radiographic images be available in the ICU at all times. Usually, the radiologist has to travel to the ICU to interpret films, which is not the best use of a radiologist's skill and time. Another problem is that in many hospitals, the film is processed in the radiology department, which means that the film needs to be removed from the ICU. The present invention solves these problems.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) according to the present invention.
  • Basic patient demographics e.g., name, medical record number, patient location, etc.
  • PCS patient census station
  • Radiographic films are converted to digital images at an image entry station (IES) 20.
  • the image entry station 20 can be a film digitizer station (FDS) for scanning radiographic films into the system or a computed radiography station (CRS) that scans computed radiography images into the system.
  • Digital images and patient demographics are stored in an image server 30. The digital images and patient demographics are made available to a number of image review stations. (IRS) 40.
  • FDS film digitizer station
  • CRS computed radiography station
  • the image review stations 40 are preferable located in the ICU suites, where the image is displayed on a computer screen for review by physicians. Any image entered into the system can be printed to film using an imager 50.
  • the PACS handles medical image data associated with ICU patients. Because there are a limited number of ICUs in a hospital, each having a small limited capacity, the PACS is optimized to provide rapid access to medical image data.
  • the system supports a plurality of patient census stations 10, and a plurality of image entry stations 20 (each of which can be a film digitizer station or a computed radiography station) .
  • the system also supports a plurality of image review stations 40. In a preferred embodiment there are two different types of image review stations, those supporting a very high resolution display and those supporting a medium resolution display.
  • the system follows the client-server model, where the image server 30 contains the servers that the clients (i.e., image review stations 40, patient census station 10, and image entry station 20) can access.
  • the servers are databases with patient location, exam, image, system audit tracking, system event monitoring, and system error information.
  • Patient image data is stored on image caches composed of magnetic disk-farms, tightly-coupled to a 100 megabit optical LAN. This LAN allows for approximately a two second access to any image from an image review station 40.
  • the image server 30 also contains a patient demographic database, a study database, and an image database. Additionally, the image server 30 contains the overall system control software that manages the system application. Patient and exam information and image data gathered at the patient census stations 10 or at the image entry stations 20 are collected and stored in the image server 30 in a relational database 300.
  • the image server 30 is the hub of the network and all other components are connected to the image server 30.
  • the image server 30 controls the overall activity of this system.
  • the image server 30 functions as the repository for the diagnostic and usage data.
  • the image server 30 provides the following functions:
  • FIGs. 2A-2B are schematic block diagrams of a database 300 (FIG. 1) for a patient.
  • a patient information record 310 comprises fields for identifying the patent, including a patient name field 311, a medical record number field 312, a date of birth (DOB) field 313, and a sex field 314.
  • the patient information record 310 further comprises treatment fields, including a clinical history field 315, a referring physician field 316, a requesting physician field 317, an ICU tape 318, a bed location field 319, and a field 320 to indicate the number of studies associated with the patient.
  • Each patient can have a plurality of study records 380, one study record 380 for each image study of the patient.
  • a study record 380 comprises for each study, a date of image acquisition field 381, an image label field 382, a study description field 383, a textual image description 384, a voice annotation field 385, and a textual annotation field 386.
  • Each patient census station 10 is a free standing computer station to be used by clerical and nursing staff.
  • Patient census stations 10 allow for patient demographics, patient location, and patient discharge information to be entered into this system.
  • Patient census stations 10 are preferable located at a nursing station shared by several ICUs within a particular ICU. There typically is only one patient census station 10 per ICU floor. The functions provided by the patient census station 10 are;
  • Film digitizer stations and computed radiography stations store images into the system.
  • the system can have a plurality of film digitizer stations, a plurality of computed radiography stations, or a mixture of each type. Both types of stations work the same way. The only difference is that in the film digitizer station, the images start out on film, and on the computed radiography station, the images start out on a computed radiography unit.
  • a scanner reads existing film images and translates those images into a digital image made up of pixels. In a preferred embodiment, there are two hundred pixels per inch (i.e., 200 dpi) and each pixel can be one of 4096 shades of gray (i.e., 8-bit intensity resolution) .
  • the station sends the image to the image server 30 over a high speed network.
  • a display on the station lets the technician preview the images before sending them to the image server 30 to ensure that the images were scanned correctly.
  • the film digitizer stations and the computed radiography stations consist of a Macintosh computer with a gray scale monitor.
  • the film digitizer station acquires images through a Lumisys scanner
  • the computed radiography station acquires images through a Fuji AC1+ computed radiography unit.
  • Image review stations 40 allow for the display of previously entered electronic equivalent radiographs to be displayed on monitors.
  • the monitors are monochrome CRT displays.
  • image review stations 40 are deployed in the ICUs.
  • an image review station 40 can be located in the radiology department as well.
  • the following functions are provided by the image review stations 40: 1. Supporting at least four monitor configurations: single-monitor 870x1152 portrait (IK) , dual-monitor 870x1152 portrait (IK), single-monitor 1800x2250 portrait (2K) , dual-monitor 1800x2250 portrait (2K) ;
  • an optical image local area network is employed in a preferred embodiment of the invention. More particularly, a star-topology LAN operates at a signaling rate at about 100 megabits/second over 62.50/125 micron multi-mode fiber optic cable, illuminated at a wavelength of 650 nanometers.
  • the optical image LAN provides 4 megabytes/second optical transmission image data from the image server 30 to the image review stations 40, with end-to-end transmission checking and verification.
  • An Ethernet interface is used for the image review station 40 command and control, image transmissions from the image entry stations 20, and for patient and exam information to and from the patient census station 10.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention has remote diagnostic capability.
  • the system allows remote query of system activity and status via a modem that is integral to the image server 30.
  • the system allows for remote minor software updates.
  • the system also provides remote visibility to the patient census station 10, the image entry stations 20, the image server 30, and the image review stations 40.
  • remote access to diagnostic and usage logs is provided.
  • FIGs. 3A-3D illustrate sample configurations for a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • relevant departments are shown dispersed about a multi-story hospital building. It is understood however, that the particular floors and location of departments is not critical. Although the various departments are shown within a single hospital building, the various departments can be dispersed across a number of buildings without affecting the scope' of the invention. Indeed, the various departments are not required to be within the same hospital.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a high-resolution configuration with wet reading of images in radiology.
  • the radiology department is shown on the first floor.
  • the image server 30 and the.imager 50 are located in radiology.
  • a high-resolution image review station 40a located in the radiology department.
  • the ICUs are shown located on the seventh and eighth floor. In the ICUs, a clinician, while reviewing a patient's images on a image review station 40, can listen to the associated report entered by the radiologist.
  • a pediatric ICU shown located on the seventh floor, has a dedicated patient census station 10a.
  • an image entry station 20a in the form of a film digitizer station is shown located in an ICU film development area on the seventh floor.
  • ICUs There are two ICUs shown located on the eighth floor: a medical ICU (MICU) and a surgical ICU (SICU) .
  • the MICU and the SICU share a patient census station 10b at a common nurses station.
  • the ICUs on the eighth floor also use the seventh floor film digitizer station 20a to enter patient information and image data.
  • the image review stations 40a-40d are high-resolution (i.e., 2K) dual-monitor workstations.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates a high-resolution configuration with wet reading of images in the ICUs.
  • the radiology department is located on the first floor. Because this hospital has all film developing equipment in -radiology, an image entry station 20a is located in radiology near the processors. In this case, a film digitizer station 20a is shown. When film cassettes are brought to radiology to be developed, the films are feed into the film digi ⁇ tizer station 20a and the appropriate patient and exam information is entered into this system. Also shown located on the first floor is the image server 30 and the imager 50. A pediatric ICU and a surgical ICU (SICU) are shown sharing a nurses station located on the fifth floor.
  • ICU a surgical ICU
  • the pediatric ICU is equipped with a single-monitor image review station 40a and the SICU is equipped with a dual-monitor image review station 40b.
  • a patient census station 10a is shown located at the shared nurses station.
  • An MICU and a cardiac ICU are shown located on the eighth floor sharing a common nurses station.
  • the MICU is equipped with a dual-monitor image review station 40c and the cardiac ICU is equipped with a single-monitor image review station 40d.
  • a patient census station 10b is located at the shared nurses station on the eighth floor.
  • a radiologist dictates wet readings for the ICU exams using any of the image review stations 40 in the ICUs.
  • FIG. 3C illustrates a medium-resolution configuration with wet reading of images in radiology.
  • a radiology department is located on the first floor
  • a cardiac ICU is located on the third floor
  • a pediatric ICU is located on the sixth floor.
  • the image server 30 is shown located in radiology, as is imager 50. Because this hospital has all film developing equipment in radiology, an image entry station 20a is shown located in radiology near the processors. In this case, a film digitizer 20a is shown.
  • a high- resolution (i.e., 2K) image review station 40a is located in radiology, where a radiologist reading from soft copy can dictate wet readings for the ICU exams.
  • a cardiac ICU is shown equipped with a dedicated patient census station 10a and one dual-monitor medium-resolution (i.e., IK) image review station 40b.
  • the pediatric ICU is shown having a dedicated census station 10b and two single-monitor medium-resolution (i.e., IK) image review stations 40c, 40d.
  • a clinician while reviewing a patients images on a medium- resolution image review station 40b-40d can listen to the associated report filed by the radiologist.
  • FIG. 3D illustrates a medium-resolution configura ⁇ tion with hard copy review in radiology.
  • a radiology department is located on the first floor
  • a pediatric ICU is located on the seventh floor
  • a medical ICU MICU
  • a cardiac ICU and a surgical ICU are located on the ninth floor.
  • the image server 30 and the imager 50 are shown located in radiology.
  • a radiologist reading the original films can dictate wet readings for the ICU exams into the hospital's existing dictation system.
  • a pediatric ICU is shown having one dual-monitor medium-resolution (i.e., IK) image review station 40a.
  • IK dual-monitor medium-resolution
  • the MICU On the eighth floor, the MICU is shown having one dual-monitor medium-resolution (i.e., IK) image review station 40b.
  • the patient census station 10a shown located on the eighth floor is shared by the MICU and the pediatric ICU.
  • An image entry station 20a is shown located on the eighth floor.
  • a film digitizer station can be located in an ICU film development area.
  • the ICUs on the seventh, eighth and ninth floors use that film digitizing station 20a to enter patient information and image data.
  • the cardiac ICU On the ninth floor, the cardiac ICU is shown having a single-monitor medium- resolution (i.e., IK) image review station 40c and shares a patient census station 10b with the SICU, which also has a dual-monitor medium-resolution (i.e., IK) image review station 40d.
  • IK single-monitor medium- resolution
  • IK dual-monitor medium-resolution
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of an image server 30 of FIG. 1.
  • the image server 30 uses a dual computer architecture.
  • a VAX 4000 VLC or equivalent, is the overall system controller 32 and maintains the demographic and image database 300 and logging and error databases (not shown) .
  • Image storage 34 is supplied by an Apple Macintosh Quadra Model 950, or equivalent. It being understood that various hardware combinations can be used without affecting the scope of the invention.
  • the VAX 4000 VLC is running the VAX/VMS operating system.
  • the VAX is also equipped with an Ethernet controller and tape cassettes for software distribution and backup.
  • the Apple Quadra system is equipped with an Ethernet controller 341, with two one-gigabyte magnetic image disk caches 349a, 349b, which is suitable for approximately 400 on-line images.
  • an operations console 36 which comprises a 12 inch monochrome graphic display, keyboard and mouse.
  • the Apple system also includes an internal modem 342.
  • image fiber transmission board set 343 comprising of a platform board and a four-port fiber transmitter board, and a laser imager interface board 344.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of an image review station 40 of FIG. 1.
  • An image review station 40 comprises two major subsystems.
  • One subsystem is a control computer 400.
  • the control computer is a quadra 950, or equivalent.
  • the second subsystem is a display unit 450, which has either one or two displays 458.
  • the image review station control computer 400 comprises an Apple Macintosh Quadra system with an Ethernet controller and an 80 megabyte magnetic disk 402.
  • an image fiber receiver board 404 Within the computer is an image fiber receiver board 404, a pixel storage board 406, and a display interface board 408.
  • the image fiber receiver board 404 comprises a platform board and a fiber receiver board.
  • the pixel storage board 406 comprises 8 megabytes for a single-monitor display and 16 megabytes for a dual-monitor.
  • the image review station display unit 450 comprises a first Tektronix Monochrome high-frame rate display 458a, a first display controller 456a for sending video information to the first display 458a, a user interface board 454, a speech I/O board 452 coupled to a speaker 451 and a microphone 453.
  • the display unit 450 further comprises a second Tektronix Monochrome high-frame rate display 458b, and a second display controller 456b for sending video information to the second display 458b. Details of the display controller 456 are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,179,639 entitled "Multiple Buffer Computer Display Controller Apparatus" by James L. Taaffe, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the user interface board 454 is capable of driving two displays 458a, 458b.
  • the image review station 40 comprises one or two monitors with input switches running along the bottom and side edges of the monitor.
  • the side input switches MS run along the left edge of the screen.
  • the monitors can be either medium-resolution (i.e., IK) monitors or high-resolution (i.e., 2K) monitors.
  • the image review stations 40 are membrane switched driven.
  • the n input switches MS,,...,MS n along the side of the monitor are softkeys that allow for selection of items from a menu or list.
  • the first is a power switch FS P , which turns the image review station on.
  • There are m input switches on the top row to the right of the power switch FS P which are softkeys SS,,...SS m . Their functions change depending on the state of the application.
  • the bottom row of switches are static fixed-definition switches FS.
  • a start switch FS S brings the application to a patient listing screen.
  • a help switch FS H displays help messages that are appropriate to the state of the application.
  • a menu FS M displays a list of menu functions and an undo switch FSu undoes the last command entered.
  • a "yes" switch FS Y and a "no" switch FS N allow the user to answer queries posed by the application.
  • Four triangle-shaped or arrow switches AS Uf AS R , AS D , AS L control the window and center settings for viewing images on the monitor.
  • the arrow switches AS adjust the brightness and contrast on the display 459.
  • FIG. 7 is a high-level flow chart of the display screens.
  • the image review stations 40 are activated by depressing the power switch FS P , at step 600.
  • the patient list is displayed at 610.
  • FIG. 8A is a pictorial representation of a patient list on a single-monitor system.
  • FIG. 8B is a pictorial representation of a patient list on a dual-monitor system.
  • the patient list is a list of all patients in the current ICU.
  • the patient list shows the patients name, the patients medical record number, and the date of the last study. If the last study has not been viewed the date of the last study appears highlighted.
  • the patient list can also be displayed at any time during processing of the application by depressing the start switch FS S at step 605.
  • the forward function is a assigned to soft switch SS
  • the back function is the sign to soft switch SS 2 .
  • Depressing the forward switch SSj causes the list to page forward.
  • depressing the back switch SS 2 causes the list to page backward.
  • the arrow switches are used to scroll and page through the patient list, such that forward and reverse scrolling is accomplished by depressing arrow switches AS D and AS,,, respectively, and forward and backward paging is accomplished by pressing arrow switches AS R and AS L , respectively.
  • a small window to the right of the patient list is visible and indicates the name of the current ICU and provides user instructions.
  • Alternate ICUs can be selected using the menu switch FS M at step 665.
  • a patient is selected by depressing the soft switch MS adjacent to the desired patient's name. The selection of a patient is shown at step 620 of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9A is a pictorial representation of a study list on a single- monitor system.
  • FIG. 9B is a pictorial representation of a study list on a dual-monitor system. A window appearing to the right of the study list shows demographic information about the patient and provides user instructions.
  • the user selects the study from the study list at step 640.
  • the user presses a soft switch MS adjacent to the desired study. If there are more studies for the patient that will fit on the screen, the user can scroll or page through the list of studies. The paging and scrolling is accomplished as described above in the description of the patient list.
  • images from the study are display at step 650.
  • the first image in the selected study is displayed. If a dual-monitor system is used, the first image is displayed on the left monitor and the second image in the study, if there are a plurality of images in the study, is displayed on the right monitor.
  • FIG. 10A is a pictorial representation of a display image 455a on a single-monitor system.
  • FIG. 10B is a pictorial representation of a display image 455a,455b on a dual-monitor system. The name of the patient, the patient medical record number, the name of the study, and the date of the study appear on the top of the display screens.
  • a list of images in this study appears next to the switches MS on the side of the monitor.
  • the list item representing the current image displayed on the monitor appears highlighted.
  • a posteroanterior (PA) image is displayed on the left monitor 458a
  • a lateral (LAT) image is displayed on the right monitor 458b.
  • PA posteroanterior
  • LAT lateral
  • the user selects the switch MS adjacent to the name of the desired image. If the image displayed on the left monitor 458a is changed, the display on the right monitor 458b is updated to show the next sequential image in the study.
  • FIG. 11 is a pictorial representation of the study list on the right monitor of a dual-monitor system.
  • the user can choose to look at a different study. While the user is viewing images 455, the user can listen to voice annotations, read text annotations, and control the brightness and contrast of the display. If a dual-monitor system is used, the user can also compare images from different studies. As a user views an image 455, the user can adjust the brightness and contrast of the display image to accentuate different tissue densities.
  • Three soft switches SS 4 , SS 5 , SS 6 and the arrow switches AS on the bottom of the monitor allow the user to adjust the brightness and contrast.
  • the easiest way for a user to control the brightness and contrast is to use built-in presets.
  • three soft switches will be labeled as preset switches. These preset switches can be labeled to represent standard tissue densities (e.g., bone, soft tissue, etc.).
  • one preset switch SS 4 displays a full range brightness and contrast
  • a second preset switch SS 5 displays a narrow dark mode
  • a third preset switch SS 6 displays a narrow light mode.
  • the arrow switches AS can be used to control contrast and brightness. In general, the up arrow hS ⁇ and the down arrow AS D control brightness, and the left AS L and the right arrow AS R control contrast.
  • a preferred embodiment of the system records 4096 shades of gray from completely black (i.e., 0) to completely white (i.e., 4095) .
  • the preferred monitors can only display 256 shades of gray, so the system maps shades stored in the image to one of the 256 it can display on the screen.
  • images are digitized as 12-bit gray ⁇ scale images and displayed as 8-bit gray-scale images.
  • the user controls how the system maps image gray shades to display gray shades.
  • the 4096 image shades are spread out evenly over the 256 display shades. This spread is called the window.
  • image shades 1293 to 3872 can map to the 256 display shades. Any gray darker than 1293 is displayed as black, and any shade lighter than 3872 is displayed as white.
  • the 256 display shades are determined by the most-significant 8 bits of the 12-bit intensity digitized images, the least-significant bits being truncated.
  • the midpoint between the lightest image shade and the darkest image shade in the window is called the center.
  • the center determines which image shades correspond to a 50% gray on the display. Initially, image shade 2048 corresponds to display shade 128. Both values represent 50% grays.
  • the user maps the center to lighter image shades. To make the image darker, the user maps the center to darker image shades.
  • the up arrow AS y and the down AS D control the center, and the right arrow AS R and the left arrow AS L control the width of the window.
  • the up arrow ASu maps the center to lighter image shades (i.e., brighter).
  • the down AS D match the center to darker image shades (i.e., darker).
  • the right arrow AS R makes the window wider (i.e., less contrast).
  • the left arrow AS L makes the window narrower (i.e., more contrast).
  • Every study can have associated voice annotations and text annotations. While the user is viewing an image 455, the user can view text annotations and listen to and record voice annotations at the image review station. Text annotations are usually recorded at the patient census station 10.
  • the user depresses the soft switch labeled "text note” SS X .
  • the window containing the text annotation can be removed from view by again depressing the soft switch labeled "text note” SS,.
  • the user depresses the soft switch labeled "voice note” SS 2 .
  • the voice annotation associated with the current study plays through the image review station's 40 built-in speaker 451. While a voice annotation is playing, the user can use the arrow switches AS to control the playback. Volume is controlled by the up arrow AS ⁇ to increase volume and the down arrow AS D to decrease volume.
  • the right arrow AS R fast-forwards the playback and the left arrow AR L rewinds the playback.
  • the voice annotation is stopped by again depressing the "voice note” switch SS 2 .
  • the right monitor 458b On a dual-monitor image review station 40, the right monitor 458b usually displays the next sequential images in this study. However, the user can use that monitor to display image from a different study. Thus, images from two different studies can be compared. For example, the user can compare images from one day with images from another day to track the patient's recovery.
  • comparison study for the current patient appears on the right monitor 458b as shown in FIG. 11.
  • a study is selected using the corresponding switch MS adjacent to the desired study.
  • the current study displayed on the left monitor 458a is excluded from the comparison study list.
  • the first image in that study is displayed on the right monitor 458b.
  • FIG. 12 is a pictorial representation of a comparison study.
  • FIG. 7 is a pictorial representation of the menu screen.
  • the user can print the current image to film, print all images in the current exam to film, print all images for the current patient to film, record a voice note, choose another intensive care unit, perform a self test, perform quality control, configure the system, restart the system, or shut down the system.
  • corresponding switches MS By selecting corresponding switches MS, the user can print the current image to film, print all images in the current exam to film, print all images for the current patient to film, record a voice note, choose another intensive care unit, perform a self test, perform quality control, configure the system, restart the system, or shut down the system.
  • a self test perform quality control
  • configure the system restart the system, or shut down the system.
  • the user can print the current image, all the images for the current study, and all images for the current patient from the image review station 40 using respective switches MS,,MS 2 ,MS 3 .
  • the print request goes to the imager 50, where the images will be printed on film.
  • the image review station queries the user for an ID number. The user enters an ID number using the switches MS on the screen. After the ID number is entered, the image review station 40 displays a message asking the user to confirm the print request. The user responds using either the "yes" switch FS Y or the "no" switch FS N .
  • a user will be viewing studies for patients in a particular ICU.
  • the user can choose the ICU from which to select patient studies.
  • To choose an ICU other than the current ICU the user depresses a corresponding menu switch MS 5 .
  • the list of commands changes to a list of intensive care units.
  • the user selects the ICU using the menu switches MS.
  • the display shows the patient list for the chosen ICU.
  • By selecting a menu switch adjacent to the "record voice note" selection the user can record a voice annotation.
  • the image review station 40 queries the user for an ID number. The user enters the ID number using the switches on the edge of the screen.
  • the image review station 40 queries the user to ask if the existing note is to be replaced.
  • the user responds either "Yes" switch FS Y or the "No" switch FS N .
  • the user can use the configure switch MS 9 to configure various system settings.
  • the configure option the user can redefine bottom-row softkey SS,,...,SS m settings.
  • the user can configure the window and center parameters for the preset switches SS 4 ,...,SS 6 .
  • the user can also use the configure switch MS 9 to select a zoom option for low- resolution monitors, so " that a section of the image is magnified to display the images in more detail. If the zoom option is selected, a preset softkey (e.g.
  • SS 6 zoom softkey SS 6
  • a quadrant menu is displayed.
  • the user selects the quadrant to be magnified using the adjacent menu switch MS.
  • there are 5 display quadrants i.e. top left, top right, center, bottom left, and bottom right that can be magnified.
  • the restart switch MS, 0 Depressing the restart switch MS, 0 returns the user to the patient list display (step 610) .
  • the restart switch MS, 0 is equivalent to a power switch FS p .
  • the user turns the image review station off using the menu of FIG. 13.
  • the system automatically performs a shut down procedure (step 670) .

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Primary Health Care (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)

Abstract

Un système d'archivage d'images et de communication (PACS) mémorise, conserve et affiche des données d'images médicales concernant des patients en soins intensifs. Le système permet un accès rapide à des données d'images médicales, de façon que les médecins et les radiologues d'unité de soins intensifs puissent consulter lesdites images instantanément et 24 heures sur 24. Les images médicales sont affichées sur des moniteurs commandés par commutateurs et à hautes ou moyennes résolutions couplées à des stations de visualisation d'images. Chaque station de visualisation d'images peut supporter jusqu'à deux moniteurs affichant simultanément des images différentes. L'affichage sur un premier moniteur est commandé par des commutateurs d'entrée à commande tactile se trouvant sur ledit moniteur. L'affichage sur un deuxième moniteur est commandé par l'affichage du premier moniteur, ainsi que par des commutateurs d'entrée à commande tactile se trouvant sur ledit deuxième moniteur.
PCT/US1993/011384 1992-11-25 1993-11-23 Interfaces utilisateurs pour systeme d'archivage d'images et de communication WO1994013095A2 (fr)

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EP0686927A1 (fr) * 1994-06-10 1995-12-13 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Système pour fournir une image radiographique treitee
WO2001037195A2 (fr) * 1999-11-15 2001-05-25 Xenogen Corporation Interface utilisateur graphique pour prise d'images in-vivo
WO2001067366A2 (fr) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Interface utilisateur pour le traitement et la presentation de donnees d'image
EP1239397A2 (fr) * 2001-03-08 2002-09-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Méthode et système pour lire des images médicales
KR100394529B1 (ko) * 2000-10-24 2003-08-09 주식회사 마로테크 디콤 기반의 피에이씨에스 뷰 장치 및 그 방법
WO2003101299A2 (fr) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 Orex Computed Radiography Systemes et procedes distribues et redondants de radiographie assistee par ordinateur
EP1400909A1 (fr) * 2002-09-16 2004-03-24 Lathuy S.C.S. Détection et correction d'erreur d'orientation d'une image radiographique numérique
US7581191B2 (en) 1999-11-15 2009-08-25 Xenogen Corporation Graphical user interface for 3-D in-vivo imaging
EP2083736B1 (fr) 2006-11-11 2020-01-08 VISUS Health IT GmbH Système de reproduction d'images médicales

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0686927A1 (fr) * 1994-06-10 1995-12-13 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Système pour fournir une image radiographique treitee
US7299420B2 (en) 1999-11-15 2007-11-20 Xenogen Corporation Graphical user interface for in-vivo imaging
WO2001037195A2 (fr) * 1999-11-15 2001-05-25 Xenogen Corporation Interface utilisateur graphique pour prise d'images in-vivo
WO2001037195A3 (fr) * 1999-11-15 2002-07-11 Xenogen Corp Interface utilisateur graphique pour prise d'images in-vivo
US8734342B2 (en) 1999-11-15 2014-05-27 Xenogen Corporation Graphical user interface for in-vivo imaging
US6614452B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2003-09-02 Xenogen Corporation Graphical user interface for in-vivo imaging
US7765487B2 (en) 1999-11-15 2010-07-27 Xenogen Corporation Graphical user interface for in-vivo imaging
US7581191B2 (en) 1999-11-15 2009-08-25 Xenogen Corporation Graphical user interface for 3-D in-vivo imaging
WO2001067366A3 (fr) * 2000-03-09 2002-06-13 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Interface utilisateur pour le traitement et la presentation de donnees d'image
WO2001067366A2 (fr) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Interface utilisateur pour le traitement et la presentation de donnees d'image
KR100394529B1 (ko) * 2000-10-24 2003-08-09 주식회사 마로테크 디콤 기반의 피에이씨에스 뷰 장치 및 그 방법
EP1239397A3 (fr) * 2001-03-08 2006-05-24 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Méthode et système pour lire des images médicales
EP1239397A2 (fr) * 2001-03-08 2002-09-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Méthode et système pour lire des images médicales
WO2003101299A2 (fr) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 Orex Computed Radiography Systemes et procedes distribues et redondants de radiographie assistee par ordinateur
WO2003101299A3 (fr) * 2002-05-31 2004-04-22 Orex Computed Radiography Systemes et procedes distribues et redondants de radiographie assistee par ordinateur
EP1400909A1 (fr) * 2002-09-16 2004-03-24 Lathuy S.C.S. Détection et correction d'erreur d'orientation d'une image radiographique numérique
EP2083736B1 (fr) 2006-11-11 2020-01-08 VISUS Health IT GmbH Système de reproduction d'images médicales

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