WO1994011401A1 - Homologue humain du gene de la cadherine e et procedes d'utilisation - Google Patents
Homologue humain du gene de la cadherine e et procedes d'utilisation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994011401A1 WO1994011401A1 PCT/US1993/011097 US9311097W WO9411401A1 WO 1994011401 A1 WO1994011401 A1 WO 1994011401A1 US 9311097 W US9311097 W US 9311097W WO 9411401 A1 WO9411401 A1 WO 9411401A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- protein
- cadherin
- human
- nucleic acid
- subject
- Prior art date
Links
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 102
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 title description 48
- 101000984015 Homo sapiens Cadherin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 214
- 102000047933 human CDH1 Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 108050007957 Cadherin Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 102000000905 Cadherin Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 127
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 78
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 77
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 74
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 37
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 26
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 24
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 23
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005714 functional activity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000017423 tissue regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 101000984012 Gallus gallus Cadherin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000984025 Mus musculus Cadherin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091092195 Intron Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001394 metastastic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 59
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010188 recombinant method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 47
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 44
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 42
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 24
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 20
- RLMISHABBKUNFO-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ala-Ala-Gly Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RLMISHABBKUNFO-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 18
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 15
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003018 immunoassay Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 10
- 210000003958 hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 8
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000004709 cell invasion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 108010050848 glycylleucine Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 8
- 206010054949 Metaplasia Diseases 0.000 description 7
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000004408 hybridoma Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000015689 metaplastic ossification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013615 primer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 7
- SFRVOKMRHPQYGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(9h-fluoren-9-yl)ethyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(OC(Cl)=O)C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SFRVOKMRHPQYGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010058314 Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 6
- SITLTJHOQZFJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-valine Natural products CC(C)C(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O SITLTJHOQZFJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013599 cloning vector Substances 0.000 description 6
- 206010020718 hyperplasia Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 108020004635 Complementary DNA Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 241001131785 Escherichia coli HB101 Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 5
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 5
- KZTLZZQTJMCGIP-ZJDVBMNYSA-N Thr-Val-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O KZTLZZQTJMCGIP-ZJDVBMNYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 108010077245 asparaginyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 108010061238 threonyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 5
- -1 β-methyl amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 4
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010087924 alanylproline Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000000074 antisense oligonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108010047857 aspartylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 108010063718 gamma-glutamylaspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- XKUKSGPZAADMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyl-glycyl-glycine Natural products NCC(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O XKUKSGPZAADMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010073071 hepatocellular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000016784 immunoglobulin production Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108010073472 leucyl-prolyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000002161 motor neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001613 neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007899 nucleic acid hybridization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001855 preneoplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003259 recombinant expression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000701447 unidentified baculovirus Species 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTYTYHBSJKQBQA-GCJQMDKQSA-N Ala-Asp-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)O BTYTYHBSJKQBQA-GCJQMDKQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YNOCMHZSWJMGBB-GCJQMDKQSA-N Ala-Thr-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O YNOCMHZSWJMGBB-GCJQMDKQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000003730 Alpha-catenin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000020 Alpha-catenin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000015735 Beta-catenin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108060000903 Beta-catenin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000016289 Cell Adhesion Molecules Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010067225 Cell Adhesion Molecules Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108700039691 Genetic Promoter Regions Proteins 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolaldehyde Chemical compound OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000001706 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010054477 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 3
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000880493 Leptailurus serval Species 0.000 description 3
- YKNBJXOJTURHCU-DCAQKATOSA-N Leu-Asp-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N YKNBJXOJTURHCU-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HVJVUYQWFYMGJS-GVXVVHGQSA-N Leu-Glu-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O HVJVUYQWFYMGJS-GVXVVHGQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AKVBOOKXVAMKSS-GUBZILKMSA-N Leu-Ser-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O AKVBOOKXVAMKSS-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RIPJMCFGQHGHNP-RHYQMDGZSA-N Lys-Val-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N)O RIPJMCFGQHGHNP-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010069196 Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000001068 Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000006994 Precancerous Conditions Diseases 0.000 description 3
- VOZIBWWZSBIXQN-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-Glu-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1)C(O)=O VOZIBWWZSBIXQN-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012300 Sequence Analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 102000005890 Spectrin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010019965 Spectrin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000006601 Thymidine Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020004440 Thymidine kinase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007818 agglutination assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010041407 alanylaspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010013835 arginine glutamate Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010040443 aspartyl-aspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010069205 aspartyl-phenylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010093581 aspartyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002798 bone marrow cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003184 complementary RNA Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010006620 fodrin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010049041 glutamylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000099 in vitro assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007914 intraventricular administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002510 keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 108010034529 leucyl-lysine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010056582 methionylglutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000005264 motor neuron disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000009826 neoplastic cell growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036963 noncompetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000002241 progressive bulbar palsy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010077112 prolyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010026333 seryl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 3
- RFLVMTUMFYRZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylguanine Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 RFLVMTUMFYRZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUOOLUPWFVMBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoisobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(N)C(O)=O FUOOLUPWFVMBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSAJFXWTVFGPAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2,4-dioxo-1h-pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O YSAJFXWTVFGPAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZWGECJQACGGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one Chemical compound NC1=NC(O)=C2N(C)C=NC2=N1 FZWGECJQACGGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIVLITBTBDPEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dihydrouracil Chemical compound O=C1CCNC(=O)N1 OIVLITBTBDPEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLAQATDNGLKIEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1h-pyrimidin-4-one Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=S)NC1=O ZLAQATDNGLKIEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- HXNNRBHASOSVPG-GUBZILKMSA-N Ala-Glu-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O HXNNRBHASOSVPG-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CREYEAPXISDKSB-FQPOAREZSA-N Ala-Thr-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O CREYEAPXISDKSB-FQPOAREZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPOQZCHGOTWRTM-FQPOAREZSA-N Ala-Tyr-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O JPOQZCHGOTWRTM-FQPOAREZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000007698 Alcohol dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010021809 Alcohol dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000008102 Ankyrins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010049777 Ankyrins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108020005544 Antisense RNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MUXONAMCEUBVGA-DCAQKATOSA-N Arg-Arg-Gln Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O MUXONAMCEUBVGA-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGFJVXOATGZTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arg-Phe-His Natural products NC(CCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NC(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)NC(Cc2c[nH]cn2)C(=O)O IGFJVXOATGZTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULBHWNVWSCJLCO-NHCYSSNCSA-N Arg-Val-Glu Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N ULBHWNVWSCJLCO-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUHQMYUWLUSRJX-BIIVOSGPSA-N Asn-Ala-Pro Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N NUHQMYUWLUSRJX-BIIVOSGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHFXZQHTLJVZBN-FXQIFTODSA-N Asn-Arg-Asn Chemical compound C(C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N)CN=C(N)N XHFXZQHTLJVZBN-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYKKKGFJXIDYLX-ACZMJKKPSA-N Asn-Gln-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O AYKKKGFJXIDYLX-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FTCGGKNCJZOPNB-WHFBIAKZSA-N Asn-Gly-Ser Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O FTCGGKNCJZOPNB-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YVXRYLVELQYAEQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asn-Leu-Lys Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N YVXRYLVELQYAEQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRTOMUMWSTUQAX-FXQIFTODSA-N Asn-Pro-Asp Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O YRTOMUMWSTUQAX-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQAOZCVOOYUWKG-LSJOCFKGSA-N Asn-Val-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N WQAOZCVOOYUWKG-LSJOCFKGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSWYMRLTJVKRCE-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asp-Ala-Asp Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O WSWYMRLTJVKRCE-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDHOJQJMWBKHDB-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-Asn-Lys Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N JDHOJQJMWBKHDB-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGIBTKGQVWFTGX-BIIVOSGPSA-N Asp-Asn-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N)C(=O)O UGIBTKGQVWFTGX-BIIVOSGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLKVEEODTPQPLI-ACZMJKKPSA-N Asp-Gln-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O WLKVEEODTPQPLI-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKXPJCBEHWFSTF-ACZMJKKPSA-N Asp-Gln-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O BKXPJCBEHWFSTF-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJQRWGXKUSDEFI-ACZMJKKPSA-N Asp-Glu-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O XJQRWGXKUSDEFI-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVPNEDNYYYFAGI-GARJFASQSA-N Asp-Leu-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N IVPNEDNYYYFAGI-GARJFASQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWIJZUVQVDJHDI-AVGNSLFASA-N Asp-Phe-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O GWIJZUVQVDJHDI-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJHOOKBAHRJPPX-QWRGUYRKSA-N Asp-Phe-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QJHOOKBAHRJPPX-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTLCRGFJFSZWAW-OLHMAJIHSA-N Asp-Thr-Asn Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N)O UTLCRGFJFSZWAW-OLHMAJIHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KNDCWFXCFKSEBM-AVGNSLFASA-N Asp-Tyr-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O KNDCWFXCFKSEBM-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 108090000994 Catalytic RNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000053642 Catalytic RNA Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 206010008609 Cholangitis sclerosing Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000581364 Clinitrachus argentatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000701022 Cytomegalovirus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003155 DNA primer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000016192 Demyelinating disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000571 Fibrocystic breast disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000321 Gardner Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RZSLYUUFFVHFRQ-FXQIFTODSA-N Gln-Ala-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O RZSLYUUFFVHFRQ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPJDPEOQUIXXOY-AVGNSLFASA-N Gln-Tyr-Asn Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N)O WPJDPEOQUIXXOY-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVPXINNKRTZBMO-CIUDSAMLSA-N Glu-Arg-Asn Chemical compound C(C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N CVPXINNKRTZBMO-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CGYDXNKRIMJMLV-GUBZILKMSA-N Glu-Arg-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O CGYDXNKRIMJMLV-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AIGROOHQXCACHL-WDSKDSINSA-N Glu-Gly-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O AIGROOHQXCACHL-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UDEPRBFQTWGLCW-CIUDSAMLSA-N Glu-Pro-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O UDEPRBFQTWGLCW-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BXSZPACYCMNKLS-AVGNSLFASA-N Glu-Ser-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O BXSZPACYCMNKLS-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGYHAAXZWPEBDQ-IFFSRLJSSA-N Glu-Val-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O WGYHAAXZWPEBDQ-IFFSRLJSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKJKBELXHCTHIJ-WPRPVWTQSA-N Gly-Arg-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CCCN=C(N)N WKJKBELXHCTHIJ-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVACNFOPSUPDTK-QWRGUYRKSA-N Gly-Asn-Phe Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JVACNFOPSUPDTK-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDOZQTNZPCUARW-YFKPBYRVSA-N Gly-Gly-Glu Chemical compound NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O GDOZQTNZPCUARW-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVTPVQLIZCOJFK-FOHZUACHSA-N Gly-Thr-Asp Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O NVTPVQLIZCOJFK-FOHZUACHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- HXKZJLWGSWQKEA-LSJOCFKGSA-N His-Ala-Val Chemical group CC(C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HXKZJLWGSWQKEA-LSJOCFKGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOEGKUNRHYKYSU-XVYDVKMFSA-N His-Asp-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O VOEGKUNRHYKYSU-XVYDVKMFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000017604 Hodgkin disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000010747 Hodgkins lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000725303 Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 2
- XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N IDUR Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(I)=C1 XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010065920 Insulin Lispro Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VCSBGUACOYUIGD-CIUDSAMLSA-N Leu-Asn-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O VCSBGUACOYUIGD-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LESXFEZIFXFIQR-LURJTMIESA-N Leu-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(O)=O LESXFEZIFXFIQR-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWHGTYCRDRBSFI-ZETCQYMHSA-N Leu-Gly-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O VWHGTYCRDRBSFI-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSFYPIUSAMSERP-IHRRRGAJSA-N Leu-Leu-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N DSFYPIUSAMSERP-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEWBEPKLKUXQBU-VOAKCMCISA-N Leu-Leu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O IEWBEPKLKUXQBU-VOAKCMCISA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRHDPZAAWLXXIR-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Lys-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O ZRHDPZAAWLXXIR-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTIRBWJPYJYTLO-MELADBBJSA-N Leu-Lys-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N RTIRBWJPYJYTLO-MELADBBJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXZOHBVPVKABQN-DCAQKATOSA-N Leu-Met-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N WXZOHBVPVKABQN-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZPVWNSAVUQBGP-CIUDSAMLSA-N Leu-Ser-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O IZPVWNSAVUQBGP-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOEDPXDZJHBQIX-ULQDDVLXSA-N Leu-Val-Phe Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XOEDPXDZJHBQIX-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GQUDMNDPQTXZRV-DCAQKATOSA-N Lys-Arg-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O GQUDMNDPQTXZRV-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUKDBQGFSJUXGX-RWMBFGLXSA-N Lys-Arg-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N)C(=O)O FUKDBQGFSJUXGX-RWMBFGLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNKDCYABMBBEKN-IUCAKERBSA-N Lys-Gly-Gln Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N)=O XNKDCYABMBBEKN-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URGPVYGVWLIRGT-DCAQKATOSA-N Lys-Met-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O URGPVYGVWLIRGT-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010028570 Myelopathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- HYVABZIGRDEKCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N(6)-dimethylallyladenine Chemical compound CC(C)=CCNC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 HYVABZIGRDEKCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBAFDPFAUTYYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O YBAFDPFAUTYYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108050000637 N-cadherin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000004988 N-glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- KZNQNBZMBZJQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-glycyl-L-proline Natural products NCC(=O)N1CCCC1C(O)=O KZNQNBZMBZJQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000009905 Neurofibromatoses Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000007079 Peptide Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010033276 Peptide Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WGXOKDLDIWSOCV-MELADBBJSA-N Phe-Asn-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)N)C(=O)O WGXOKDLDIWSOCV-MELADBBJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMHTUJQZQXFNTQ-OEAJRASXSA-N Phe-Leu-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N)O CMHTUJQZQXFNTQ-OEAJRASXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PBWNICYZGJQKJV-BZSNNMDCSA-N Phe-Phe-Cys Chemical compound N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PBWNICYZGJQKJV-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVEVENLSADZUMS-IHRRRGAJSA-N Phe-Pro-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O RVEVENLSADZUMS-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VIIRRNQMMIHYHQ-XHSDSOJGSA-N Phe-Val-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)N VIIRRNQMMIHYHQ-XHSDSOJGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWXSLPHTJVAWDF-VEVYYDQMSA-N Pro-Asn-Thr Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O SWXSLPHTJVAWDF-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULWBBFKQBDNGOY-RWMBFGLXSA-N Pro-Lys-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)O ULWBBFKQBDNGOY-RWMBFGLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOIFYRZPIORBRY-AVGNSLFASA-N Pro-Lys-Val Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O WOIFYRZPIORBRY-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWCOTTLHDJWHRS-YUMQZZPRSA-N Pro-Pro Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1NCCC1 RWCOTTLHDJWHRS-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDKKMRPRRCOELJ-GUBZILKMSA-N Pro-Val-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 XDKKMRPRRCOELJ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000000582 Retinoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000714474 Rous sarcoma virus Species 0.000 description 2
- RFBKULCUBJAQFT-BIIVOSGPSA-N Ser-Cys-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N)C(=O)O RFBKULCUBJAQFT-BIIVOSGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YUJLIIRMIAGMCQ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ser-Leu-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O YUJLIIRMIAGMCQ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUGRFWPMPVIAPW-IHRRRGAJSA-N Ser-Pro-Phe Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QUGRFWPMPVIAPW-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUXJENOFJXOSOZ-BIIVOSGPSA-N Ser-Ser-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N)C(=O)O CUXJENOFJXOSOZ-BIIVOSGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXUOAOOZIWABBW-XGEHTFHBSA-N Ser-Thr-Arg Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N RXUOAOOZIWABBW-XGEHTFHBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZKOKTQPHFMRSJP-YJRXYDGGSA-N Ser-Thr-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O ZKOKTQPHFMRSJP-YJRXYDGGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCOUFINCYASMDN-GUBZILKMSA-N Ser-Val-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O RCOUFINCYASMDN-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSWXBJCBYSWBPT-GUBZILKMSA-N Ser-Val-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C(C)C)C(O)=O HSWXBJCBYSWBPT-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002105 Southern blotting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000003954 Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010006785 Taq Polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DDPVJPIGACCMEH-XQXXSGGOSA-N Thr-Ala-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O DDPVJPIGACCMEH-XQXXSGGOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CAJFZCICSVBOJK-SHGPDSBTSA-N Thr-Ala-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O CAJFZCICSVBOJK-SHGPDSBTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMZKMSTYXHFYAK-VEVYYDQMSA-N Thr-Arg-Asn Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N)O JMZKMSTYXHFYAK-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLUWOCTZVGMURC-BFHQHQDPSA-N Thr-Gly-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O SLUWOCTZVGMURC-BFHQHQDPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYEHBMMAJFVTOI-JHEQGTHGSA-N Thr-Gly-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O VYEHBMMAJFVTOI-JHEQGTHGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBBRNEDOYWMIJP-KYNKHSRBSA-N Thr-Gly-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)N)O KBBRNEDOYWMIJP-KYNKHSRBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HUPLKEHTTQBXSC-YJRXYDGGSA-N Thr-Ser-Tyr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HUPLKEHTTQBXSC-YJRXYDGGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQCNIMDPYICBTR-KYNKHSRBSA-N Thr-Thr-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O UQCNIMDPYICBTR-KYNKHSRBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBPCSGKKPJUYRB-UVOCVTCTSA-N Thr-Thr-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O BBPCSGKKPJUYRB-UVOCVTCTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRIUMVXCJDKVPI-IZPVPAKOSA-N Thr-Thr-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O GRIUMVXCJDKVPI-IZPVPAKOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BEZTUFWTPVOROW-KJEVXHAQSA-N Thr-Tyr-Arg Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O)N)O BEZTUFWTPVOROW-KJEVXHAQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZNNEYFZZAHLBL-BPUTZDHNSA-N Trp-Arg-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O TZNNEYFZZAHLBL-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000700618 Vaccinia virus Species 0.000 description 2
- AUMNPAUHKUNHHN-BYULHYEWSA-N Val-Asn-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N AUMNPAUHKUNHHN-BYULHYEWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VENKIVFKIPGEJN-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Met-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N VENKIVFKIPGEJN-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYQUMYBMOJYYDK-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Pro-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N RYQUMYBMOJYYDK-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VIKZGAUAKQZDOF-NRPADANISA-N Val-Ser-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O VIKZGAUAKQZDOF-NRPADANISA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAIZPWVHPQRYOU-ZJDVBMNYSA-N Val-Thr-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O JAIZPWVHPQRYOU-ZJDVBMNYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTDGENDNWGMDQ-KJEVXHAQSA-N Val-Tyr-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O BGTDGENDNWGMDQ-KJEVXHAQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001594 aberrant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000009956 adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010001271 arginyl-glutamyl-arginine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010029539 arginyl-prolyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010060035 arginylproline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010038633 aspartylglutamate Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000013602 bacteriophage vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-alanine Chemical compound NCCC(O)=O UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000011803 breast fibrocystic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000003679 cervix uteri Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000024207 chronic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000029664 classic familial adenomatous polyposis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000112 colonic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012875 competitive assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CS(O)(=O)=O XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 102000054078 gamma Catenin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010084448 gamma Catenin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012817 gel-diffusion technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010078144 glutaminyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010073628 glutamyl-valyl-phenylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VPZXBVLAVMBEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyl-DL-alpha-alanine Natural products OC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)CN VPZXBVLAVMBEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010000434 glycyl-alanyl-leucine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010077515 glycylproline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010037850 glycylvaline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000844 hepatocellular carcinoma Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002744 homologous recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006801 homologous recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypoxanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000951 immunodiffusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001114 immunoprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010083708 leucyl-aspartyl-valine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010044311 leucyl-glycyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010090333 leucyl-lysyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010057821 leucylproline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 108010064235 lysylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010017391 lysylvaline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(O)=O YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000520 microinjection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000000050 myeloid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000004931 neurofibromatosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006764 neuronal dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000030212 nutrition disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000019180 nutritional disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000011275 oncology therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010051242 phenylalanylserine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 2
- 108010079892 phosphoglycerol kinase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000002826 placenta Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002729 polyribosome Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000009465 prokaryotic expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004952 protein activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003127 radioimmunoassay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001177 retroviral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sarcosine Chemical compound C[NH2+]CC([O-])=O FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000037390 scarring Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000010157 sclerosing cholangitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010041823 squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymine Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005748 tumor development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010017949 tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010051110 tyrosyl-lysine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001515965 unidentified phage Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 108010015385 valyl-prolyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CADQNXRGRFJSQY-UOWFLXDJSA-N (2r,3r,4r)-2-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@](O)(F)C=O CADQNXRGRFJSQY-UOWFLXDJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVZCXCTYGHPNEM-IHRRRGAJSA-N (2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O XVZCXCTYGHPNEM-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVAUMRCGVHUWOZ-ZETCQYMHSA-N (2s)-2-(cyclohexylazaniumyl)propanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC1CCCCC1 BVAUMRCGVHUWOZ-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRTPISKDZDHEQI-YFKPBYRVSA-N (2s)-2-(tert-butylamino)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(C)(C)C MRTPISKDZDHEQI-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPDBDJFLKKQMCM-SCSAIBSYSA-N (2s)-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O NPDBDJFLKKQMCM-SCSAIBSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASWBNKHCZGQVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hexadecanoyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C ASWBNKHCZGQVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJNGQIYEQLPJMN-IOSLPCCCSA-N 1-methylinosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(=O)N(C)C=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WJNGQIYEQLPJMN-IOSLPCCCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCNCCO MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGAKLDIYNFXTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2,4-dioxo-1h-pyrimidin-5-yl)methylamino]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O SGAKLDIYNFXTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMSMHKMPBNTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dimethylamino-6-hydroxypurine Chemical compound N1C(N(C)C)=NC(=O)C2=C1N=CN2 XMSMHKMPBNTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMADWRYCYBUIKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-7h-purin-6-amine Chemical compound CC1=NC(N)=C2NC=NC2=N1 SMADWRYCYBUIKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOLPWZCZXAMXKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylcytosine Chemical compound CN1C(N)=CC=NC1=O KOLPWZCZXAMXKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJAKJCICANKRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-acetyl-4-amino-1,3-dihydropyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C1(N)NC(=O)NC=C1 GJAKJCICANKRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQJSSLBGAQJNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(methylaminomethyl)-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CNCC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O MQJSSLBGAQJNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPYRHVXCOQLYLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1h-pyrimidin-4-one Chemical compound CONCC1=CNC(=S)NC1=O WPYRHVXCOQLYLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQLQRFGHAALLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromouracil Chemical compound BrC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O LQLQRFGHAALLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFTBZKVVGZNMJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chlorouracil Chemical compound ClC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O ZFTBZKVVGZNMJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSNXJLQDQOIRIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-iodouracil Chemical compound IC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O KSNXJLQDQOIRIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KELXHQACBIUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxy-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound COC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O KELXHQACBIUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRSASMSXMSNRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylcytosine Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=O)N=C1N LRSASMSXMSNRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCPSTSVLRXOYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-1h-pyrimidine-2-thione Chemical compound NC1=CC=NC(S)=N1 DCPSTSVLRXOYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-purine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=C2NC=NC2=N1 MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000012440 Acetylcholinesterase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022752 Acetylcholinesterase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010000830 Acute leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024893 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014697 Acute lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031261 Acute myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DKJPOZOEBONHFS-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ala-Ala-Asp Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O DKJPOZOEBONHFS-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCIYCBSJBQGDGM-LPEHRKFASA-N Ala-Arg-Pro Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N UCIYCBSJBQGDGM-LPEHRKFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCVRVWZTXPCYJT-BIIVOSGPSA-N Ala-Asn-Pro Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N XCVRVWZTXPCYJT-BIIVOSGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBWKCRKNFYTPT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Ala-Asn-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O ZIBWKCRKNFYTPT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXERCAHAIKMTKX-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ala-Asp-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O WXERCAHAIKMTKX-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIWWTZWAKYBUOB-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ala-Asp-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O ZIWWTZWAKYBUOB-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOWHQTWRLFTELJ-FXQIFTODSA-N Ala-Asp-Met Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O)N FOWHQTWRLFTELJ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCIFXPRIFWKWLK-YUMQZZPRSA-N Ala-Gly-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)N PCIFXPRIFWKWLK-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIXQDIGKDNNOOV-GUBZILKMSA-N Ala-Lys-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O PIXQDIGKDNNOOV-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPZQNYYAYVRKKK-FXQIFTODSA-N Ala-Pro-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O IPZQNYYAYVRKKK-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQAVBBCZFQAAED-FXQIFTODSA-N Ala-Pro-Asn Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N VQAVBBCZFQAAED-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLVCTPPSXNRGKV-GUBZILKMSA-N Ala-Pro-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC1 OLVCTPPSXNRGKV-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOVPGJUNRLMIOZ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ala-Ser-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N HOVPGJUNRLMIOZ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARHJJAAWNWOACN-FXQIFTODSA-N Ala-Ser-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O ARHJJAAWNWOACN-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXAFZDXYEIIUTF-LKTVYLICSA-N Ala-Trp-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O PXAFZDXYEIIUTF-LKTVYLICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJHKTAMKPGFJCT-NRPADANISA-N Ala-Val-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O YJHKTAMKPGFJCT-NRPADANISA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMSKGWFGWCQFBD-KZVJFYERSA-N Ala-Val-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O OMSKGWFGWCQFBD-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010001557 Albinism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010001907 Amblyopia alcohol Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 201000003076 Angiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032467 Aplastic anaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WESHVRNMNFMVBE-FXQIFTODSA-N Arg-Asn-Asp Chemical compound C(C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N WESHVRNMNFMVBE-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAODJPUKWNNNRP-DCAQKATOSA-N Arg-Glu-Arg Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O QAODJPUKWNNNRP-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLWSGICNBZGYTA-CIUDSAMLSA-N Arg-Glu-Asp Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O XLWSGICNBZGYTA-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCWXQJLCDPRHV-UWVGGRQHSA-N Arg-Gly-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O OQCWXQJLCDPRHV-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHEZNOKSAWRW-DCAQKATOSA-N Arg-Lys-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O YVTHEZNOKSAWRW-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUGATJVGQUGQKY-ULQDDVLXSA-N Arg-Lys-Phe Chemical compound NC(=N)NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XUGATJVGQUGQKY-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIQKRDXFTANIEJ-ULQDDVLXSA-N Arg-Phe-His Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N FIQKRDXFTANIEJ-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKPXXXUSUHAXDE-SRVKXCTJSA-N Arg-Pro-Arg Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O WKPXXXUSUHAXDE-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSPKAHFVDKRGRL-DCAQKATOSA-N Arg-Pro-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O XSPKAHFVDKRGRL-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCYXHLZRUSJITQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Arg-Pro-Pro Chemical compound NC(=N)NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC1 YCYXHLZRUSJITQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICRHGPYYXMWHIE-LPEHRKFASA-N Arg-Ser-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)C(=O)O ICRHGPYYXMWHIE-LPEHRKFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNSKSTRGQIPTSE-ACZMJKKPSA-N Arg-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)O XNSKSTRGQIPTSE-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASQKVGRCKOFKIU-KZVJFYERSA-N Arg-Thr-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)O ASQKVGRCKOFKIU-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUVDFJXRAICIAJ-BPUTZDHNSA-N Arg-Trp-Asp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 ZUVDFJXRAICIAJ-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGWVCWFQGXOUSJ-ULQDDVLXSA-N Arg-Tyr-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O CGWVCWFQGXOUSJ-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- YNDLOUMBVDVALC-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asn-Ala-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N YNDLOUMBVDVALC-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSBHCUSPLWRVEK-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asn-Asn-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O KSBHCUSPLWRVEK-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYVSIZAXNLOKFQ-BYULHYEWSA-N Asn-Asp-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O IYVSIZAXNLOKFQ-BYULHYEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULRPXVNMIIYDDJ-ACZMJKKPSA-N Asn-Glu-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N ULRPXVNMIIYDDJ-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNKVBRYFXYWXAB-WDSKDSINSA-N Asn-Glu-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O GNKVBRYFXYWXAB-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLGCWMNDJTWQAG-GUBZILKMSA-N Asn-Glu-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O OLGCWMNDJTWQAG-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYOHQKJEQQJBOY-QEJZJMRPSA-N Asn-Glu-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N GYOHQKJEQQJBOY-QEJZJMRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXVMJJNAOVECBA-WHFBIAKZSA-N Asn-Gly-Asn Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O DXVMJJNAOVECBA-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCFJQJRLQJEECD-NHCYSSNCSA-N Asn-Leu-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O NCFJQJRLQJEECD-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTSAJSADJCMDHH-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asn-Lys-Asp Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N FTSAJSADJCMDHH-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLHANKIRBONJBK-IHRRRGAJSA-N Asn-Met-Phe Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N RLHANKIRBONJBK-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAUPFUCUDBQYHE-AVGNSLFASA-N Asn-Phe-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O RAUPFUCUDBQYHE-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDUUACUJKUXKKD-VEVYYDQMSA-N Asn-Pro-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O IDUUACUJKUXKKD-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHQSGALUSWIYOD-QXEWZRGKSA-N Asn-Pro-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O VHQSGALUSWIYOD-QXEWZRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNYCNNPOFYBCEK-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asn-Ser-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O SNYCNNPOFYBCEK-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNXWVVHIGTZTBO-LKXGYXEUSA-N Asn-Ser-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O HNXWVVHIGTZTBO-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUQXMTITJLFXAU-JIOCBJNQSA-N Asn-Thr-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N)O WUQXMTITJLFXAU-JIOCBJNQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZYSHAMXEBPJBD-JRQIVUDYSA-N Asn-Thr-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O KZYSHAMXEBPJBD-JRQIVUDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCADFFUQHIMQAA-KKHAAJSZSA-N Asn-Thr-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O BCADFFUQHIMQAA-KKHAAJSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBUJSDCLZCXXCW-YDHLFZDLSA-N Asn-Val-Tyr Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HBUJSDCLZCXXCW-YDHLFZDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSOKZUVWBXVJHX-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-Arg-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O WSOKZUVWBXVJHX-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDRMWJBLOSRRAW-BYULHYEWSA-N Asp-Asn-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O RDRMWJBLOSRRAW-BYULHYEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPSHHQXIWLGVDD-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asp-Asp-Asp Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O VPSHHQXIWLGVDD-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWOPETAWXDZUJR-ACZMJKKPSA-N Asp-Cys-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O UWOPETAWXDZUJR-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZQKLNLLWFQONU-LKXGYXEUSA-N Asp-Cys-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N)O DZQKLNLLWFQONU-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKAJHWFHHFSCDT-WHFBIAKZSA-N Asp-Glu Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O CKAJHWFHHFSCDT-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMMIEVATLAGRCK-BYPYZUCNSA-N Asp-Gly-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O OMMIEVATLAGRCK-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWSIYTYNLKCLJB-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-Lys-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O XWSIYTYNLKCLJB-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTWCFPWFIGRAEP-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-Lys-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O CTWCFPWFIGRAEP-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOPJVEMFXYHZEE-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asp-Phe-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O WOPJVEMFXYHZEE-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUVTWGPERWIERB-IHRRRGAJSA-N Asp-Pro-Phe Chemical compound N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(O)=O XUVTWGPERWIERB-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVMXMLSYBTXCAV-VEVYYDQMSA-N Asp-Pro-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O RVMXMLSYBTXCAV-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSFHZPQUAAQHAQ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-Ser-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O QSFHZPQUAAQHAQ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIDFBWRHIYOYAA-LKXGYXEUSA-N Asp-Ser-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O YIDFBWRHIYOYAA-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJJIHRWNWSQTOI-VEVYYDQMSA-N Asp-Thr-Arg Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O MJJIHRWNWSQTOI-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDIYGFYAMZZFCW-JIOCBJNQSA-N Asp-Thr-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N)O PDIYGFYAMZZFCW-JIOCBJNQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWAHPBGBDIFUFD-KKUMJFAQSA-N Asp-Tyr-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O NWAHPBGBDIFUFD-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJDHEININLSZOT-KKUMJFAQSA-N Asp-Tyr-Lys Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O BJDHEININLSZOT-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003571 Astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003594 Ataxia telangiectasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000002237 B-cell of pancreatic islet Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000032791 BCR-ABL1 positive chronic myelogenous leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010004146 Basal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006373 Bell palsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010004593 Bile duct cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005692 Bloom Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013165 Bowen disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019337 Bowen disease of the skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000006474 Brain Ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010717 Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010006542 Bulbar palsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100025805 Cadherin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000009458 Carcinoma in Situ Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010667 Carcinoma of liver and intrahepatic biliary tract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001843 Carotid Body Tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037211 Carotid body tumour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000701489 Cauliflower mosaic virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000000844 Cell Surface Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010001857 Cell Surface Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010008120 Cerebral ischaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010693 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010058699 Choline O-acetyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100023460 Choline O-acetyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000005243 Chondrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009047 Chordoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006332 Choriocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037088 Chromosome Breakage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010833 Chronic myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000317 Chymotrypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031879 Chédiak-Higashi syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004394 Complementary RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091035707 Consensus sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186216 Corynebacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000009798 Craniopharyngioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699802 Cricetulus griseus Species 0.000 description 1
- OLIYIKRCOZBFCW-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Cys-Asp-Cys Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)N)C(=O)O OLIYIKRCOZBFCW-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZKJEOMFLDVXJG-KATARQTJSA-N Cys-Leu-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)N)O XZKJEOMFLDVXJG-KATARQTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-WUJLRWPWSA-N D-xylulose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)CO ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-WUJLRWPWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006820 DNA synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010014303 DNA-directed DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016928 DNA-directed DNA polymerase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010012305 Demyelination Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032131 Diabetic Neuropathies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000204 Dipeptidase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000010374 Down Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000001301 EGF receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060006698 EGF receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010014733 Endometrial cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014759 Endometrial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010014967 Ependymoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014989 Epidermolysis bullosa Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031637 Erythroblastic Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036566 Erythroleukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006168 Ewing Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005917 Exostoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091008794 FGF receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000044168 Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000008808 Fibrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorouracil Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010016880 Folate deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010188 Folic Acid Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010001515 Galectin 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039556 Galectin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700028146 Genetic Enhancer Elements Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000034951 Genetic Translocation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021309 Germ cell tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032612 Glial tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010018338 Glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SHERTACNJPYHAR-ACZMJKKPSA-N Gln-Ala-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O SHERTACNJPYHAR-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTMLKCYOQKZXKZ-HJGDQZAQSA-N Gln-Arg-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O DTMLKCYOQKZXKZ-HJGDQZAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFPWCBGRYAOLMU-AVGNSLFASA-N Gln-Asp-Tyr Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N)O OFPWCBGRYAOLMU-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJKAKYXMFHUIHT-AUTRQRHGSA-N Gln-Glu-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N XJKAKYXMFHUIHT-AUTRQRHGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFJAPSYJQJCQDN-BQBZGAKWSA-N Gln-Gly-Glu Chemical compound NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O MFJAPSYJQJCQDN-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFXNFFZTMFHPST-DZKIICNBSA-N Gln-Phe-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N QFXNFFZTMFHPST-DZKIICNBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFFHGRJCUBXPX-NHCYSSNCSA-N Gln-Pro-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O YPFFHGRJCUBXPX-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGNSGRRALVIRGR-QWRGUYRKSA-N Gln-Tyr Chemical compound NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KGNSGRRALVIRGR-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNAUFGBKJLTWQE-IFFSRLJSSA-N Gln-Val-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N)O HNAUFGBKJLTWQE-IFFSRLJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUFHOVYUYSNDNY-ACZMJKKPSA-N Glu-Ala-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O RUFHOVYUYSNDNY-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTKUTMJSWKKHEM-WDSKDSINSA-N Glu-Ala-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O UTKUTMJSWKKHEM-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOSRKEJQESVHGA-CIUDSAMLSA-N Glu-Arg-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O WOSRKEJQESVHGA-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYOBUPFZLKQUAX-FXQIFTODSA-N Glu-Asn-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O YYOBUPFZLKQUAX-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPHYJQHPILOKHC-ACZMJKKPSA-N Glu-Asp-Asp Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O JPHYJQHPILOKHC-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NADWTMLCUDMDQI-ACZMJKKPSA-N Glu-Asp-Cys Chemical compound C(CC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)N NADWTMLCUDMDQI-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAIWPXWHWAPYDF-FXQIFTODSA-N Glu-Asp-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O VAIWPXWHWAPYDF-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVCHEMOPBORRLB-DCAQKATOSA-N Glu-Gln-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O LVCHEMOPBORRLB-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJPMNHCEWPTRBR-BQBZGAKWSA-N Glu-Glu-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O SJPMNHCEWPTRBR-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAGVHWYIBZMWLA-YFKPBYRVSA-N Glu-Gly-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O OAGVHWYIBZMWLA-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRPXYSGPOBVBEH-IUCAKERBSA-N Glu-Gly-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O LRPXYSGPOBVBEH-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRGZZKWSBGPLKL-IUCAKERBSA-N Glu-Gly-Lys Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N KRGZZKWSBGPLKL-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWOUBJNMZDDGDT-AVGNSLFASA-N Glu-Leu-His Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1 NWOUBJNMZDDGDT-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGSVSNXPJJDJKL-SDDRHHMPSA-N Glu-Leu-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N UGSVSNXPJJDJKL-SDDRHHMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJCALAAIGREHDR-WDCWCFNPSA-N Glu-Leu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O NJCALAAIGREHDR-WDCWCFNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITVBKCZZLJUUHI-HTUGSXCWSA-N Glu-Phe-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O ITVBKCZZLJUUHI-HTUGSXCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYWCGQOIIARSIX-SRVKXCTJSA-N Glu-Pro-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O SYWCGQOIIARSIX-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVGOGEGGQLNZGH-DZKIICNBSA-N Glu-Val-Phe Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FVGOGEGGQLNZGH-DZKIICNBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010051815 Glutamyl endopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005720 Glutathione transferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010070675 Glutathione transferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PYTZFYUXZZHOAD-WHFBIAKZSA-N Gly-Ala-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CN PYTZFYUXZZHOAD-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSVZIEVNUYDAFR-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gly-Ala-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CN VSVZIEVNUYDAFR-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQZGFWKQLPJOEQ-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gly-Arg-Gln Chemical compound C(C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CN)CN=C(N)N RQZGFWKQLPJOEQ-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXJHNZODTMHWRD-WHFBIAKZSA-N Gly-Asn-Ala Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O UXJHNZODTMHWRD-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRTDOIOIBMAXCT-NKWVEPMBSA-N Gly-Asn-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)CN)C(=O)O XRTDOIOIBMAXCT-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZSAHIZRQHCEQ-QWRGUYRKSA-N Gly-Asp-Tyr Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QGZSAHIZRQHCEQ-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTSZUNRRYXPZTK-BQBZGAKWSA-N Gly-Gln-Glu Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O KTSZUNRRYXPZTK-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUGQPPOVWXSPKJ-RYUDHWBXSA-N Gly-Gln-Phe Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O JUGQPPOVWXSPKJ-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIQQRCFQXGLOSZ-WDSKDSINSA-N Gly-Glu-Asp Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O FIQQRCFQXGLOSZ-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOEATRRYCIPEHA-BQBZGAKWSA-N Gly-Glu-Glu Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O SOEATRRYCIPEHA-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQIIXEHDSZUSAG-QWRGUYRKSA-N Gly-His-His Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)CN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CN=CN1 CQIIXEHDSZUSAG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTSVAIMKVLZUDU-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gly-Leu-Asp Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O YTSVAIMKVLZUDU-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHPAZODVFFYEEL-QWRGUYRKSA-N Gly-Leu-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CN UHPAZODVFFYEEL-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNCSJUBVFBDDLC-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gly-Leu-Ser Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O NNCSJUBVFBDDLC-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXHQLZIWBCQBLQ-STQMWFEESA-N Gly-Pro-Phe Chemical compound NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IXHQLZIWBCQBLQ-STQMWFEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISSDODCYBOWWIP-GJZGRUSLSA-N Gly-Pro-Trp Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(O)=O ISSDODCYBOWWIP-GJZGRUSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSMYMGFCEJWALV-WDSKDSINSA-N Gly-Ser-Gln Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N)=O CSMYMGFCEJWALV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOEGEPHNZOISMT-BYPYZUCNSA-N Gly-Ser-Gly Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(O)=O SOEGEPHNZOISMT-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZWUYQXMIFTIIY-WEDXCCLWSA-N Gly-Thr-Leu Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O ZZWUYQXMIFTIIY-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFALDIDGPLUDKV-ZDLURKLDSA-N Gly-Thr-Ser Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O FFALDIDGPLUDKV-ZDLURKLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKJWUIYLMLUBDX-XPUUQOCRSA-N Gly-Val-Cys Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O DKJWUIYLMLUBDX-XPUUQOCRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNMRSWQOHIQTFL-JSGCOSHPSA-N Gly-Val-Phe Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BNMRSWQOHIQTFL-JSGCOSHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000009465 Growth Factor Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010009202 Growth Factor Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001258 Hemangiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091005904 Hemoglobin subunit beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010073069 Hepatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007514 Herpes zoster Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZIMTWPHIKZEHSE-UWVGGRQHSA-N His-Arg-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(O)=O ZIMTWPHIKZEHSE-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PROLDOGUBQJNPG-RWMBFGLXSA-N His-Arg-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CN=CN2)N)C(=O)O PROLDOGUBQJNPG-RWMBFGLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YADRBUZBKHHDAO-XPUUQOCRSA-N His-Gly-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O YADRBUZBKHHDAO-XPUUQOCRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYNUBZSXKQKAHL-UWVGGRQHSA-N His-Gly-Arg Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O PYNUBZSXKQKAHL-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STOOMQFEJUVAKR-KKUMJFAQSA-N His-His-His Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CNC=N1 STOOMQFEJUVAKR-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFQDSSNYWKZFOO-LSJOCFKGSA-N His-Val-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O KFQDSSNYWKZFOO-LSJOCFKGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUFNQIPSRXVLQJ-IHRRRGAJSA-N His-Val-Lys Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)N PUFNQIPSRXVLQJ-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003839 Human Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000144 Human Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000023105 Huntington disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N Hydroxyproline Chemical compound O[C@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hypoxanthine nucleoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000008394 Immunoglobulin Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010021625 Immunoglobulin Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700005091 Immunoglobulin Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010062016 Immunosuppression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061216 Infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930010555 Inosine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N Inosine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(O)=C2N=C1 UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000002260 Keloid Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010023330 Keloid scar Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PMGDADKJMCOXHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Arginyl-L-glutamin-acetat Natural products NC(=N)NCCCC(N)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O PMGDADKJMCOXHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FADYJNXDPBKVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Phenylalanyl-L-lysin Natural products NCCCCC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FADYJNXDPBKVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLROSWPKSBORFJ-BQBZGAKWSA-N L-Prolyl-L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 QLROSWPKSBORFJ-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGUNAGUHMKGQNY-ZETCQYMHSA-N L-alpha-phenylglycine zwitterion Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZGUNAGUHMKGQNY-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-citrulline Chemical compound NC(=O)NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000018142 Leiomyosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZRLUISBDKUWAIZ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Leu-Ala-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ZRLUISBDKUWAIZ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYUBOFCTGPZFSA-WDSOQIARSA-N Leu-Arg-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(C)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 XYUBOFCTGPZFSA-WDSOQIARSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKXDHFKZWKLYGB-GUBZILKMSA-N Leu-Asn-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N KKXDHFKZWKLYGB-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPANDPNDMJHFEV-CIUDSAMLSA-N Leu-Asp-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O BPANDPNDMJHFEV-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCSFMCFHVGTLFF-NHCYSSNCSA-N Leu-Asp-Val Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O QCSFMCFHVGTLFF-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPWGZWUMUUJQDT-IUCAKERBSA-N Leu-Gln-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O DPWGZWUMUUJQDT-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFNVDJGXRFEYTK-YUMQZZPRSA-N Leu-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O NFNVDJGXRFEYTK-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BABSVXFGKFLIGW-UWVGGRQHSA-N Leu-Gly-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCNC(N)=N BABSVXFGKFLIGW-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYIFFZAQXPUEAU-QWRGUYRKSA-N Leu-Gly-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(C)C HYIFFZAQXPUEAU-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWOBNBRUDDUEEY-UWVGGRQHSA-N Leu-His Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CNC=N1 XWOBNBRUDDUEEY-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGIIOQQGLUUMDQ-IHRRRGAJSA-N Leu-His-Val Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O)N SGIIOQQGLUUMDQ-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBZGNBKMIJHOHL-BZSNNMDCSA-N Leu-Leu-Phe Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H]([NH3+])C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C([O-])=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UBZGNBKMIJHOHL-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVZCXCTYGHPNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leu-Leu-Pro Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(O)=O XVZCXCTYGHPNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTXBNHIUIHNGAO-UWVGGRQHSA-N Leu-Lys Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN OTXBNHIUIHNGAO-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZHJZLHSRGWBBE-IHRRRGAJSA-N Leu-Lys-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O LZHJZLHSRGWBBE-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTRKPHUGYULXPU-KKUMJFAQSA-N Leu-Phe-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O PTRKPHUGYULXPU-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMKFDEUJGYNFMC-AVGNSLFASA-N Leu-Pro-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O QMKFDEUJGYNFMC-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPURXCQCHSQPAN-AVGNSLFASA-N Leu-Pro-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC1 DPURXCQCHSQPAN-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGUXWMDNCPMQFB-YUMQZZPRSA-N Leu-Ser-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RGUXWMDNCPMQFB-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDJQVSIPFLMNOX-RHYQMDGZSA-N Leu-Thr-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N ZDJQVSIPFLMNOX-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGZVGOAAROXFAB-IXOXFDKPSA-N Leu-Thr-His Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N)O FGZVGOAAROXFAB-IXOXFDKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVJRBCJCRYGCKV-GVXVVHGQSA-N Leu-Val-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O MVJRBCJCRYGCKV-GVXVVHGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003960 Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000364 Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000016604 Lyme disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000028018 Lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JCFYLFOCALSNLQ-GUBZILKMSA-N Lys-Ala-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O JCFYLFOCALSNLQ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIIZIQUUHIXUJY-GUBZILKMSA-N Lys-Asp-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O HIIZIQUUHIXUJY-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMVOVCYVZBBWQB-SRVKXCTJSA-N Lys-Asp-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN LMVOVCYVZBBWQB-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRWXLRGAFDOILG-DCAQKATOSA-N Lys-Gln-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O MRWXLRGAFDOILG-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCMWRRQAKQXDED-IUCAKERBSA-N Lys-Glu-Gly Chemical compound [NH3+]CCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C(=O)NCC([O-])=O GCMWRRQAKQXDED-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQFDWEDHOQRNLC-QWRGUYRKSA-N Lys-Gly-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN GQFDWEDHOQRNLC-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFQATBGBLDAKGI-VHSXEESVSA-N Lys-Gly-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N)C(=O)O RFQATBGBLDAKGI-VHSXEESVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHIAJWBDZVHLAH-YUMQZZPRSA-N Lys-Gly-Ser Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O FHIAJWBDZVHLAH-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVAUKHLDSDDROB-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-Lys-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O HVAUKHLDSDDROB-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSZNURNVYFUEHC-BQBZGAKWSA-N Lys-Ser Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O YSZNURNVYFUEHC-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHKXHCMRAUYLBS-CIUDSAMLSA-N Lys-Ser-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O GHKXHCMRAUYLBS-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLOUVAYOMTYJRG-JXUBOQSCSA-N Lys-Thr-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O PLOUVAYOMTYJRG-JXUBOQSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXTZMVNJIRZABH-ULQDDVLXSA-N Lys-Val-Phe Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 TXTZMVNJIRZABH-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000030136 Marchiafava-Bignami Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007054 Medullary Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000172 Medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000012750 Membrane Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010090054 Membrane Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010027406 Mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ADHNYKZHPOEULM-BQBZGAKWSA-N Met-Glu Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O ADHNYKZHPOEULM-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJDFBVNNDAUPRW-GUBZILKMSA-N Met-Glu-Gln Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O DJDFBVNNDAUPRW-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVBZBRKNZVJEKK-DTWKUNHWSA-N Met-Gly-Pro Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N MVBZBRKNZVJEKK-DTWKUNHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQTGGXSOMDSWTQ-UNQGMJICSA-N Met-Phe-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)N)O LQTGGXSOMDSWTQ-UNQGMJICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGXZOTSDJJTDGB-GUBZILKMSA-N Met-Ser-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O GGXZOTSDJJTDGB-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CULGJGUDIJATIP-STQMWFEESA-N Met-Tyr-Gly Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CULGJGUDIJATIP-STQMWFEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000157 Metallothionein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000010190 Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000713333 Mouse mammary tumor virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000003452 Multiple Hereditary Exostoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710107068 Myelin basic protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000033761 Myelogenous Chronic BCR-ABL Positive Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033776 Myeloid Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SGSSKEDGVONRGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N(2)-methylguanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(NC)=NC2=C1N=CN2 SGSSKEDGVONRGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUGMRIBZSVSJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-alanyl-L-tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(NC(=O)C(N)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 WUGMRIBZSVSJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PESQCPHRXOFIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-methionyl-L-tyrosine Natural products CSCCC(N)C(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PESQCPHRXOFIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ndelta-carbamoyl-DL-ornithine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=O RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001738 Nervous System Trauma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010029260 Neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000636 Northern blotting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000005650 Notch Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010070047 Notch Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004711 Nucleic Acid Probes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061534 Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010133 Oligodendroglioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700026244 Open Reading Frames Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010069350 Osmotic demyelination syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012408 PCR amplification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010067372 Pancreatic elastase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000237988 Patellidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000057297 Pepsin A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000284 Pepsin A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010034764 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RIYZXJVARWJLKS-KKUMJFAQSA-N Phe-Asp-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RIYZXJVARWJLKS-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGBRZXXGQBAULP-DRZSPHRISA-N Phe-Glu-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MGBRZXXGQBAULP-DRZSPHRISA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKJAKCBHLJGRBU-JYJNAYRXSA-N Phe-Glu-His Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)O)N AKJAKCBHLJGRBU-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWPMGKSZPKFKJD-DZKIICNBSA-N Phe-Glu-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O LWPMGKSZPKFKJD-DZKIICNBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVRRHFPCEOVRKQ-KKUMJFAQSA-N Phe-His-Asn Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N RVRRHFPCEOVRKQ-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUJWXNGCAQWLEI-KBPBESRZSA-N Phe-Lys-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(O)=O AUJWXNGCAQWLEI-KBPBESRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEFJUUYFEGBXFA-BZSNNMDCSA-N Phe-Lys-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 PEFJUUYFEGBXFA-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVRJWDUPIDMHDN-ULQDDVLXSA-N Phe-Pro-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZVRJWDUPIDMHDN-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAOZOFPONWDXNT-IXOXFDKPSA-N Phe-Ser-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O IAOZOFPONWDXNT-IXOXFDKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSTPNLNKHKBONJ-HTUGSXCWSA-N Phe-Thr-Gln Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N)O BSTPNLNKHKBONJ-HTUGSXCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007641 Pinealoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000474 Poliomyelitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000276498 Pollachius virens Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000020584 Polyploidy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010366 Postpoliomyelitis syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006664 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032319 Primary lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FELJDCNGZFDUNR-WDSKDSINSA-N Pro-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 FELJDCNGZFDUNR-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBALDZKOTNSBFM-FXQIFTODSA-N Pro-Ala-Asn Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O DBALDZKOTNSBFM-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGBYDGAJHSOGFQ-LPEHRKFASA-N Pro-Ala-Pro Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2 CGBYDGAJHSOGFQ-LPEHRKFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICTZKEXYDDZZFP-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-Arg-Pro Chemical compound N([C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ICTZKEXYDDZZFP-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSKJPKFTPQCPIH-RCWTZXSCSA-N Pro-Arg-Thr Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O ZSKJPKFTPQCPIH-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYEUSRAZOGIDBY-JYJNAYRXSA-N Pro-Arg-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O OYEUSRAZOGIDBY-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RETPETNFPLNLRV-JYJNAYRXSA-N Pro-Asn-Trp Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)O RETPETNFPLNLRV-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKHCJJPNXFBADI-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Asp-Lys Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O XKHCJJPNXFBADI-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGDFPGCFVJFITQ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Pro-Glu-Asp Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O MGDFPGCFVJFITQ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXEYSLRNNPWCRN-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-Glu-Leu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O NXEYSLRNNPWCRN-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGSANCBHSMDFDY-GARJFASQSA-N Pro-Glu-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)O LGSANCBHSMDFDY-GARJFASQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFXCXDQNRXTSBD-FJXKBIBVSA-N Pro-Gly-Thr Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O AFXCXDQNRXTSBD-FJXKBIBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSWJYJHXQOYTSP-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-His-Gln Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O SSWJYJHXQOYTSP-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXHYJEPDKSYPSQ-AVGNSLFASA-N Pro-Leu-Arg Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 YXHYJEPDKSYPSQ-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLJLVCYFABNTHP-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Leu-Asp Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O CLJLVCYFABNTHP-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXGIMYRVJJEIIM-UWVGGRQHSA-N Pro-Leu-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 FXGIMYRVJJEIIM-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXMSEHDMNIUTSP-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Lys-Asn Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O SXMSEHDMNIUTSP-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZBYTHCRAVAXQQ-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Met-Glu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O XZBYTHCRAVAXQQ-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIWJRKNYLSHONY-KKUMJFAQSA-N Pro-Phe-Glu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O JIWJRKNYLSHONY-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNJMTHJGCEKGA-ULQDDVLXSA-N Pro-Phe-Leu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O WHNJMTHJGCEKGA-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWLKHNDRXWTFTN-GUBZILKMSA-N Pro-Pro-Cys Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O HWLKHNDRXWTFTN-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFWXYTJSVDUBBZ-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Pro-Glu Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1NCCC1 RFWXYTJSVDUBBZ-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVXXJYJCRNKDDE-AVGNSLFASA-N Pro-Pro-His Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H]1NCCC1)C1=CN=CN1 SVXXJYJCRNKDDE-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBVPYBFMIGDIDX-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-Pro-Pro Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1N(C(=O)[C@H]2NCCC2)CCC1 SBVPYBFMIGDIDX-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJNGQVUFQUVRQT-JYJNAYRXSA-N Pro-Pro-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H]1NCCC1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 AJNGQVUFQUVRQT-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBUAPZAZPWNYSW-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-Pro-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1NCCC1 KBUAPZAZPWNYSW-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIDXAAQVMNLJFQ-KZVJFYERSA-N Pro-Thr-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O KIDXAAQVMNLJFQ-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUBVFEANYYWBTM-VEVYYDQMSA-N Pro-Thr-Asp Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O QUBVFEANYYWBTM-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRIXMVRZRGFKNQ-HJGDQZAQSA-N Pro-Thr-Gln Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O HRIXMVRZRGFKNQ-HJGDQZAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMCIBSQRKFSTJ-RHYQMDGZSA-N Pro-Thr-Leu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O FDMCIBSQRKFSTJ-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVAWNPIOYXAMAL-KJEVXHAQSA-N Pro-Thr-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O VVAWNPIOYXAMAL-KJEVXHAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMNVAOPEMFDAQD-NHCYSSNCSA-N Pro-Val-Glu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O IMNVAOPEMFDAQD-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUOGXAQMNJMBFG-WPRPVWTQSA-N Pro-Val-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 FUOGXAQMNJMBFG-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000004681 Psoriasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006265 Renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010003581 Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010077895 Sarcosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000010208 Seminoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QVOGDCQNGLBNCR-FXQIFTODSA-N Ser-Arg-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O QVOGDCQNGLBNCR-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYIROAKULFFTEK-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ser-Asp-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO BYIROAKULFFTEK-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOHGLPQGEHSLPD-FXQIFTODSA-N Ser-Gln-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O ZOHGLPQGEHSLPD-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJPHFSOMBZKQKQ-GUBZILKMSA-N Ser-Gln-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO OJPHFSOMBZKQKQ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMIDBHKWSYUBRZ-ACZMJKKPSA-N Ser-Glu-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O SMIDBHKWSYUBRZ-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOUIMBGNEUWXQG-VKHMYHEASA-N Ser-Gly Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(O)=O WOUIMBGNEUWXQG-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIGMAMGZOJVTDN-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ser-Gly-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O UIGMAMGZOJVTDN-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYUIFUJFNCLUIX-XVYDVKMFSA-N Ser-His-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O FYUIFUJFNCLUIX-XVYDVKMFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCNSGAMPBPYUAI-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ser-Leu-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O KCNSGAMPBPYUAI-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUJQWSAWLLRJCE-KATARQTJSA-N Ser-Leu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O MUJQWSAWLLRJCE-KATARQTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKYWFUYPVKLJLP-DCAQKATOSA-N Ser-Pro-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](N)CO FKYWFUYPVKLJLP-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJPJRGQRNCIQS-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ser-Ser-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O WLJPJRGQRNCIQS-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYDFRTRSSXOZCR-ACZMJKKPSA-N Ser-Ser-Glu Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O GYDFRTRSSXOZCR-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMKNXTJLHFIAAH-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ser-Ser-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O BMKNXTJLHFIAAH-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDMUQCLVSCRSJ-VZFHVOOUSA-N Ser-Thr-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O XJDMUQCLVSCRSJ-VZFHVOOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCJLFYBAQZQOFE-KATARQTJSA-N Ser-Thr-Lys Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N)O PCJLFYBAQZQOFE-KATARQTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGZVZUCRAVSPKQ-FXQIFTODSA-N Ser-Val-Cys Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N SGZVZUCRAVSPKQ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANOQEBQWIAYIMV-AEJSXWLSSA-N Ser-Val-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N ANOQEBQWIAYIMV-AEJSXWLSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700584 Simplexvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108020004682 Single-Stranded DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010058571 Spinal cord infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036982 Spinal cord ischaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036765 Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000034331 Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical class [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024313 Testicular Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FQPQPTHMHZKGFM-XQXXSGGOSA-N Thr-Ala-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O FQPQPTHMHZKGFM-XQXXSGGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSNZTJXVDOINSR-JXUBOQSCSA-N Thr-Ala-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O BSNZTJXVDOINSR-JXUBOQSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUXQFMVPAYGPFJ-JXUBOQSCSA-N Thr-Ala-Lys Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN ZUXQFMVPAYGPFJ-JXUBOQSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSLXHSYIVPGEER-KZVJFYERSA-N Thr-Ala-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O XSLXHSYIVPGEER-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLQFKOVWXPPFTP-VEVYYDQMSA-N Thr-Arg-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O GLQFKOVWXPPFTP-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXWZOMSOUAMOIA-JIOCBJNQSA-N Thr-Asn-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N)O LXWZOMSOUAMOIA-JIOCBJNQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMMDEZPNUTZJAY-GCJQMDKQSA-N Thr-Asp-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O LMMDEZPNUTZJAY-GCJQMDKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUVCRYXYUUPGSB-GLLZPBPUSA-N Thr-Gln-Glu Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N)O VUVCRYXYUUPGSB-GLLZPBPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBLYJPQSNGTDIU-LOKLDPHHSA-N Thr-Glu-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N)O KBLYJPQSNGTDIU-LOKLDPHHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCRQEJSKXAIULJ-FJXKBIBVSA-N Thr-Gly-Arg Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O KCRQEJSKXAIULJ-FJXKBIBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSXYEJWDHBCTDJ-DVJZZOLTSA-N Thr-Gly-Trp Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)N)O YSXYEJWDHBCTDJ-DVJZZOLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKGGPMOUIAAJAA-YEPSODPASA-N Thr-Gly-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O JKGGPMOUIAAJAA-YEPSODPASA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTVVYQOXJCZVEB-WDCWCFNPSA-N Thr-Leu-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O VTVVYQOXJCZVEB-WDCWCFNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIFDDJFLNVAVMS-RHYQMDGZSA-N Thr-Leu-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O FIFDDJFLNVAVMS-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRNGXSILMXSWQQ-OEAJRASXSA-N Thr-Leu-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O PRNGXSILMXSWQQ-OEAJRASXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZSYAEWQMJEGRZ-RHYQMDGZSA-N Thr-Leu-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O KZSYAEWQMJEGRZ-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDYBHQWMHYDRKJ-UNQGMJICSA-N Thr-Phe-Met Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O)N)O BDYBHQWMHYDRKJ-UNQGMJICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTMPKZWHRCMMMT-KZVJFYERSA-N Thr-Pro-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O WTMPKZWHRCMMMT-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDZYTIMDOZMECO-SHGPDSBTSA-N Thr-Thr-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O NDZYTIMDOZMECO-SHGPDSBTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMYCLHFLHRVOEA-HEIBUPTGSA-N Thr-Thr-Ser Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O ZMYCLHFLHRVOEA-HEIBUPTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKHWEVXPLJBEOZ-VQVTYTSYSA-N Thr-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C([O-])=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])[C@@H](C)O CKHWEVXPLJBEOZ-VQVTYTSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKHDFZHUPGVFEJ-YEPSODPASA-N Thr-Val-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O AKHDFZHUPGVFEJ-YEPSODPASA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010044688 Trisomy 21 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NXJZCPKZIKTYLX-XEGUGMAKSA-N Trp-Glu-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N NXJZCPKZIKTYLX-XEGUGMAKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNOQJVHFVLVMOS-AAEUAGOBSA-N Trp-Gly-Asn Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N FNOQJVHFVLVMOS-AAEUAGOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRVUOLRWIZXBRQ-IHPCNDPISA-N Trp-Leu-Lys Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N RRVUOLRWIZXBRQ-IHPCNDPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADMHZNPMMVKGJW-BPUTZDHNSA-N Trp-Ser-Arg Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O)N ADMHZNPMMVKGJW-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000026911 Tuberous sclerosis complex Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000001742 Tumor Suppressor Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010040002 Tumor Suppressor Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GFZQWWDXJVGEMW-ULQDDVLXSA-N Tyr-Arg-Lys Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)N)O GFZQWWDXJVGEMW-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKKHULUSOSWGHS-UWJYBYFXSA-N Tyr-Asn-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N DKKHULUSOSWGHS-UWJYBYFXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFJIWSJKZJTQII-SRVKXCTJSA-N Tyr-Asp-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O VFJIWSJKZJTQII-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZXFLDNBYYGLKA-BZSNNMDCSA-N Tyr-Asp-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 TZXFLDNBYYGLKA-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIINQLBHPIQYHN-JTQLQIEISA-N Tyr-Gly-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HIINQLBHPIQYHN-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIOBCQESNDTDE-FQPOAREZSA-N Tyr-Thr-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N)O XUIOBCQESNDTDE-FQPOAREZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWKMJDQXKCENMF-MEYUZBJRSA-N Tyr-Thr-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O PWKMJDQXKCENMF-MEYUZBJRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJCISMMNNUNNJA-BZSNNMDCSA-N Tyr-Tyr-Asp Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OJCISMMNNUNNJA-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMRFSFXLFWWAJZ-HJOGWXRNSA-N Tyr-Tyr-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RMRFSFXLFWWAJZ-HJOGWXRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010046298 Upper motor neurone lesion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036826 VIIth nerve paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLFHAAGHGQBQQN-AEJSXWLSSA-N Val-Ala-Pro Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N ZLFHAAGHGQBQQN-AEJSXWLSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLFHAAGHGQBQQN-GUBZILKMSA-N Val-Ala-Pro Natural products CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O ZLFHAAGHGQBQQN-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYOHPUZJVXWHAE-BYULHYEWSA-N Val-Asn-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N BYOHPUZJVXWHAE-BYULHYEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMDCGGKHRKNWKD-LAEOZQHASA-N Val-Asn-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N ZMDCGGKHRKNWKD-LAEOZQHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGFPYRPIUXBYGR-YDHLFZDLSA-N Val-Asn-Phe Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O)N QGFPYRPIUXBYGR-YDHLFZDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVPAOIGJYHVWBT-KKHAAJSZSA-N Val-Asn-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O PVPAOIGJYHVWBT-KKHAAJSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCBITHMBEJNRHC-LSJOCFKGSA-N Val-Asp-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O)N SCBITHMBEJNRHC-LSJOCFKGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRUYSSRPJXNRRB-GUBZILKMSA-N Val-Cys-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O)N FRUYSSRPJXNRRB-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFSSLXZJEMERJY-NRPADANISA-N Val-Gln-Ala Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O CFSSLXZJEMERJY-NRPADANISA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBESYURLQOYWLU-LAEOZQHASA-N Val-Glu-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N GBESYURLQOYWLU-LAEOZQHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEGDZYNDCNEGJZ-XVKPBYJWSA-N Val-Gly-Gln Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N)=O BEGDZYNDCNEGJZ-XVKPBYJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFPUAXGIKTVNN-ONGXEEELSA-N Val-His-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N PTFPUAXGIKTVNN-ONGXEEELSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGXGCFSECFQMKB-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Leu-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N AGXGCFSECFQMKB-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVJUTBOZZBTBIG-AVGNSLFASA-N Val-Lys-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O)N GVJUTBOZZBTBIG-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXWBHOWRARMUOC-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Lys-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N XXWBHOWRARMUOC-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIWLHFZYOUUJGB-UFYCRDLUSA-N Val-Phe-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AIWLHFZYOUUJGB-UFYCRDLUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGXUZJIQCGXKGZ-QXEWZRGKSA-N Val-Pro-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N LGXUZJIQCGXKGZ-QXEWZRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHIZXDZMTDVFGX-DCAQKATOSA-N Val-Ser-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N VHIZXDZMTDVFGX-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZTZYZUTCPZWJH-FXQIFTODSA-N Val-Ser-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N PZTZYZUTCPZWJH-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZYNRRGJJVSSTJ-GUBZILKMSA-N Val-Ser-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O NZYNRRGJJVSSTJ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEKSLIVSNNGOKH-KZVJFYERSA-N Val-Thr-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O CEKSLIVSNNGOKH-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNSSBIHFEUUXNW-RCWTZXSCSA-N Val-Thr-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N MNSSBIHFEUUXNW-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQSNETRGCRUOGP-KKHAAJSZSA-N Val-Thr-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(N)=O PQSNETRGCRUOGP-KKHAAJSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVHFONIHVHLDDQ-IFFSRLJSSA-N Val-Thr-Glu Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O UVHFONIHVHLDDQ-IFFSRLJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCHZBEUVGAVMKS-RHYQMDGZSA-N Val-Thr-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O LCHZBEUVGAVMKS-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTONZBWRYUKUKC-RCWTZXSCSA-N Val-Thr-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O HTONZBWRYUKUKC-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVIZITNVZUAEMI-DLOVCJGASA-N Val-Val-Gln Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N)=O VVIZITNVZUAEMI-DLOVCJGASA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOILQMZPNLUXCM-AVGNSLFASA-N Val-Val-Lys Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN AOILQMZPNLUXCM-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSOXWWFKRJKTMT-WOPDTQHZSA-N Val-Val-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N JSOXWWFKRJKTMT-WOPDTQHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVGDAEKKZKKZFO-RCWTZXSCSA-N Val-Val-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O JVGDAEKKZKKZFO-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000014070 Vestibular schwannoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033559 Waldenström macroglobulinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026481 Werdnig-Hoffmann disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010045 Wernicke encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008383 Wilms tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006110 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000016349 X-linked agammaglobulinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010048218 Xeroderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940022698 acetylcholinesterase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000004064 acoustic neuroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017733 acquired polycythemia vera Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021841 acute erythroid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002867 adherens junction Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001042 affinity chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000246 agarose gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010044940 alanylglutamine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010047495 alanylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000735 allogeneic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010050122 alpha 1-Antitrypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010026331 alpha-Fetoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KOSRFJWDECSPRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(N)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O KOSRFJWDECSPRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010050025 alpha-glutamyltryptophan Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alprazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012062 aqueous buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010008355 arginyl-glutamine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010062796 arginyllysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010068265 aspartyltyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010058966 bacteriophage T7 induced DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940000635 beta-alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000006635 beta-lactamase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000007180 bile duct carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000001531 bladder carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003995 blood forming stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000026555 breast adenosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000000488 breast squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003362 bronchogenic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007975 buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010804 cDNA synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004413 cardiac myocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012832 cell culture technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033026 cell fate determination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007910 cell fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017455 cell-cell adhesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000009885 central pontine myelinolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000025434 cerebellar degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005886 chromosome breakage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002376 chymotrypsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007882 cirrhosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019425 cirrhosis of liver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002173 citrulline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013477 citrulline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004922 colonic epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001608 connective tissue cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000030944 contact inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005289 controlled pore glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000877 corpus callosum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen bromide Chemical compound BrC#N ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002445 cystadenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 210000005220 cytoplasmic tail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004292 cytoskeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022811 deglycosylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009547 development abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- ANCLJVISBRWUTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diaminophosphinic acid Chemical compound NP(N)(O)=O ANCLJVISBRWUTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJBIAAZJODIFHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-imino-sulfanyl-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound NP(O)(O)=S RJBIAAZJODIFHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([S-])=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FSXRLASFHBWESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipeptide phenylalanyl-tyrosine Natural products C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FSXRLASFHBWESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037765 diseases and disorders Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-hydroxyproline Natural products OC1C[NH2+]C(C([O-])=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000006828 endometrial hyperplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007824 enzymatic assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009144 enzymatic modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001976 enzyme digestion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003979 eosinophil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000037828 epithelial carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007276 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003238 esophagus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010934 exostosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000573 exposure to toxins Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000004700 fetal blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002949 fluorouracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000003444 follicular lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000022244 formylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006170 formylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002825 functional assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010006664 gamma-glutamyl-glycyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000000496 gastric squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012252 genetic analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010013768 glutamyl-aspartyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010055341 glutamyl-glutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010008237 glutamyl-valyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010067216 glycyl-glycyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010020688 glycylhistidine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010015792 glycyllysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001456 gonadotroph Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035931 haemagglutination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003780 hair follicle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003676 hair loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000025750 heavy chain disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002222 hemangioblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108060003552 hemocyanin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003630 histaminocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010036413 histidylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010028295 histidylhistidine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002591 hydroxyproline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002390 hyperplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003463 hyperproliferative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001969 hypertrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003016 hypothalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010021198 ichthyosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014726 immortalization of host cell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008105 immune reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000760 immunoelectrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010166 immunofluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001506 immunosuppresive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000004933 in situ carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003017 in situ immunoassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010874 in vitro model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005462 in vivo assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007574 infarction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000021005 inheritance pattern Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003786 inosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000138 intercalating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002490 intestinal epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004347 intestinal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007654 ischemic lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003125 jurkat cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001117 keloid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010901 lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010077158 leucinyl-arginyl-tryptophan Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002741 leukoplakia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 206010024627 liposarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000002250 liver carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003589 local anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000005296 lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037829 lymphangioendotheliosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012804 lymphangiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003747 lymphoid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010003700 lysyl aspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010009298 lysylglutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000023356 medullary thyroid gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003593 megakaryocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IZAGSTRIDUNNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(2,4-dioxo-1h-pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy]acetate Chemical compound COC(=O)COC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O IZAGSTRIDUNNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011278 mitosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000302 molecular modelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000005328 monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940126619 mouse monoclonal antibody Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002200 mouth mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000663 muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000000066 myeloid cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010065781 myosin light chain 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001611 myxosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XJVXMWNLQRTRGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-methylbut-3-enyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-7h-purin-6-amine Chemical compound CSC1=NC(NCCC(C)=C)=C2NC=NC2=N1 XJVXMWNLQRTRGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000025189 neoplasm of testis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002241 neurite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002581 neurotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000618 neurotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000000440 neutrophil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002853 nucleic acid probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004248 oligodendroglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000008968 osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002611 ovarian Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006179 pH buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004019 papillary adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010198 papillary carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003154 papilloma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000029211 papillomatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001428 peripheral nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010084572 phenylalanyl-valine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010012581 phenylalanylglutamate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000028591 pheochromocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004214 philadelphia chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-L phosphoramidate Chemical compound NP([O-])([O-])=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024724 pineal body neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004123 pineal gland cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003169 placental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002264 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000037244 polycythemia vera Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010837 poor prognosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001323 posttranslational effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010036807 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008752 progressive muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108700042769 prolyl-leucyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010079317 prolyl-tyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010004914 prolylarginine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010070643 prolylglutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010090894 prolylleucine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013197 protein A assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000159 protein binding assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004853 protein function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003161 proteinsynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006337 proteolytic cleavage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000163 radioactive labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091008598 receptor tyrosine kinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000027426 receptor tyrosine kinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000010837 receptor-mediated endocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000022532 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003488 releasing hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000009410 rhabdomyosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017779 riboflavin transporter deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000000306 sarcoidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940043230 sarcosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 201000008407 sebaceous adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002741 site-directed mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004927 skin cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000587 small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000000995 spontaneous abortion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013274 squamous cell breast carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017572 squamous cell neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008227 sterile water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150038671 strat gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010965 sweat gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010042863 synovial sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000006379 syphilis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000000596 systemic lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000001608 teratocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002381 testicular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000003120 testicular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiouracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=S)N1 ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001322 trypsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010080629 tryptophan-leucine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000008827 tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009999 tuberous sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000225 tumor suppressor protein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000032527 type III spinal muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000010570 urinary bladder carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010009962 valyltyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002670 vitamin B12 deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006542 von Hippel-Lindau disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCNMEQDMUYVWMJ-JPZHCBQBSA-N wybutoxosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(=O)N3C(CC([C@H](NC(=O)OC)C(=O)OC)OO)=C(C)N=C3N(C)C=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WCNMEQDMUYVWMJ-JPZHCBQBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002424 x-ray crystallography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
- G01N33/57446—Specifically defined cancers of stomach or intestine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57484—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites
- G01N33/57492—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites involving compounds localized on the membrane of tumor or cancer cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/705—Assays involving receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the human epithelial-cadherin (E-cadherin) gene and its encoded protein product, as well as derivatives and analogs of the human E-cadherin protein. Production of human E-cadherin proteins, derivatives and antibodies is also provided.
- the invention further relates to therapeutic and diagnostic methods and compositions.
- CAMs Cell adhesion molecules
- CAMs are cell surface glycoproteins which mediate specific cell-cell adhesions involved in embryonic development and maintaining tissue form and function.
- E-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule that is also known as uvomorulin, L-CAM and Cell CAM 120/80. E-cadherin localizes to the lateral surfaces and is concentrated in the adherens junctions of intestinal epithelial cells. It is present in epithelial cells from all organs examined, and related "cadherin family" molecules have been identified in brain, muscle, placenta, and other organs. This molecule has been attributed to play a role in initiation of the formation of the cortical cytoskeleton, establishment of polarity (Nelson, 1991, Sem. Cell. Bio. 2:375-385; Nelson and Hammerton, 1989, J. Cell Biol.
- E-cadherin is a 120 kilodalton (kD) membrane spanning protein with a large, glycosylated, amino-terminal extracellular domain and a 150 amino acid
- the extracellular domain is cleavable with trypsin in the presence of Ca ++ , resulting in an 80 kD peptide that contains three putative repeat structures (possibly involved in Ca + + binding) and a highly conserved amino-terminal 113 amino acid region. Within this region is a HAV
- E-cadherin The murine and avian homologs of E-cadherin have been cloned and sequenced (see, e.g. , Ringwald et al., 1987, EMBO J. 6:3647-3653;
- E-cadherin have not been available prior to the present invention. A knowledge of such sequences is of primary importance since proteins having human sequences and antibodies thereto are greatly preferred over those of other species for human therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Knowledge of the complete
- E-cadherin sequences is also important for deriving appropriate strategies in the generation of derivatives and fragments, for example, in choosing an appropriate restriction enzyme for cleavage in the isolation of portions of the coding sequence.
- the present invention relates to nucleotide sequences of the human E-cadherin gene, and the amino acid sequences of the encoded E-cadherin protein.
- the invention further relates to fragments and other derivatives, and analogs, of the human E-cadherin protein, as well as antibodies thereto. Nucleic acids encoding such fragments or derivatives are also within the scope of the invention. Production of the foregoing proteins and derivatives, e.g. , by recombinant methods, is provided.
- the invention relates to human E-cadherin protein derivatives and analogs of the invention which are functionally active, or which comprise one or more domains of a human E-cadherin protein, including but not limited to the amino-terminal processed region, the HAV homotypic binding domain, one or more of the three repeat domains, the conserved cysteine domain, the transmembrane region, the extracellular region, the cytoplasmic domain, and any combination of the foregoing.
- the present invention further relates to therapeutic and diagnostic methods and compositions based on E-cadherin proteins and nucleic acids.
- the invention provides for treatment of disorders of cell fate or differentiation by administration of a therapeutic compound of the invention.
- therapeutic compounds include: E-cadherin proteins and analogs and derivatives (including fragments) thereof; antibodies thereto; nucleic acids encoding the E-cadherin proteins, analogs, or derivatives; and E-cadherin antisense nucleic acids.
- a Therapeutic of the invention is administered to treat or prevent a cancerous condition, or to prevent progression from a pre-neoplastic or non-malignant state into a neoplastic or a malignant state, or to inhibit or ameliorate metastatic tumor development.
- Methods of promoting nerve or tissue regeneration, of promoting wound healing, of treating an inflammatory disorder, and of treating or preventing gestational disease or fetal wastage are also provided.
- the invention provides the complete nucleotide sequence of human cDNA from liver and colon coding for E-cadherin, and the sequence of the encoded human E-cadherin protein. Also described are specific anti-human E-cadherin antibodies, and multiple human cloned fragments of both liver and colon
- E-cadherin cDNAs some of which have been expressed in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems.
- FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of E-cadherin showing structural features including the amino (N)-terminal processed region, the HAV homotypic binding sequence, the three repeat domains, and the highly conserved carboxy (C)-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Also shown are some of the proteins thought to interact, either directly or indirectly, with the cytoplasmic domain.
- FIG. 1 A restriction map of the liver E-cadherin clone. The translation start is shown preceding the mature N terminus of the protein. Three proposed repeat domains are shown and the homotypic adhesion sequence (HAV) is located in the first repeat. The hashed portion of the sequence denotes the region originally published by Mansouri et al. (1988, Differentiation 38:67-71). The regions labeled e250 and cyto 20 are regions that have been produced as fusion proteins for in vitro binding studies and antibody production.
- HAV homotypic adhesion sequence
- FIG. 1 The complete nucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1) and protein (SEQ ID NO:2) sequences of human liver E-cadherin.
- Figure 4 Series of E-cadherin clones shown by location and source. Leftmost column lists the clone name. Numbers beneath lines are the starting and ending nucleotide of each clone. Clones with hashmarks on one end are either clones whose ends are not yet sequenced or fusion clones with artefactual sequence on the end as shown. Part A: liver clones. Part B: colon clones. Solid bar: characterized E-cadherin sequence; cross-hatched area:
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of plasmid pCMV-NeoPoly 1.
- pCMV-NeoPoly 1 is a 6.7 kb plasmid that was constructed and kindly provided by Dr. Eric R. Fearon.
- Known unique restriction sites Xhol, EcoRV, BamHI, StuI, Nhel, Hindlll, and Sstl.
- the present invention relates to nucleotide sequences of the human E-cadherin gene, and the amino acid sequence of the encoded E-cadherin protein.
- the invention further relates to fragments and other derivatives, and analogs, of the human E-cadherin protein. Nucleic acids encoding such fragments or derivatives are also within the scope of the invention. Production of the foregoing proteins and derivatives, e.g. , by recombinant methods, is provided.
- the invention also relates to human E-cadherin protein derivatives and analogs of the invention which are functionally active, i.e. , they are capable of displaying one or more known functional activities associated with a full-length (wild-type) E-cadherin protein.
- Such functional activities include but are not limited to antigenicity [ability to bind (or compete with a E-cadherin protein for binding) to an anti-E-cadherin protein antibody], immunogenicity (ability to generate antibody which binds to a E-cadherin protein), ability to bind (or compete with a E-cadherin protein for binding) to a receptor or ligand for a E-cadherin protein, suppression of cell invasiveness, therapeutic activity, etc.
- the invention further relates to fragments (and derivatives and analogs thereof) of a human E-cadherin protein which comprise one or more domains of a human E-cadherin protein (see Section 6), including but not limited to the amino-terminal processed region, the HAV homotypic binding domain, one or more of the three repeat regions, the conserved cysteine domain, the extracellular region, transmembrane region, cytoplasmic domain, and any combination of the foregoing.
- Antibodies to the human E-cadherin protein and its derivatives and analogs are additionally provided.
- the present invention further relates to therapeutic and diagnostic methods and compositions based on E-cadherin proteins and nucleic acids.
- the invention provides for treatment by administration of a therapeutic compound of the invention.
- therapeutic compounds include: human E-cadherin proteins and analogs and derivatives (including fragments) thereof; antibodies thereto; nucleic acids encoding the human
- a Therapeutic of the invention is administered to treat a cancerous condition, or to prevent progression from a pre-neoplastic or non- malignant state (e.g. , metaplastic condition) into a neoplastic or a malignant state, or to inhibit or ameliorate metastatic tumor development.
- a nucleic acid encoding a human E-cadherin protein or fragment thereof is used in gene therapy. Methods of promoting nerve or tissue regeneration, of promoting wound healing, of treating an inflammatory disorder, and of treating or preventing gestational disease or fetal wastage are also provided.
- E-cadherin plays a role in developmental and other physiological processes.
- the nucleic acid and amino acid sequences and antibodies thereto of the invention can also be used for the detection and quantitation of human E-cadherin mRNA, to study expression thereof, to produce human E-cadherin proteins, fragments and other derivatives, and analogs thereof, in the study and manipulation of differentiation and other physiological processes.
- the invention is illustrated by way of examples infra which disclose, inter alia, the cloning and sequencing of human E-cadherin cDNAs from liver and colon, and the construction and recombinant expression of human E-cadherin chimeric/fusion derivatives and production of antibodies thereto.
- the invention relates to the nucleotide sequences of human
- the human E-cadherin nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1 ) shown in
- Figure 3 in particular, from nucleotides numbers 116-2749, or 566-2749, or 1037-2748, or fragments thereof.
- a nucleic acid is provided which comprises the nucleotide sequence depicted in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO: 1) from nucleotide numbers 1-1053, 510-2686, 1332-3000, 540-1500, 348-906, 890-1648, 384-1208, 641-2046, 685-1336, 880-1661, 1199-1742, 1373-1742, 1705-2204, or 2458-2775 (see Fig. 4).
- the nucleotide sequence encodes all or a portion of the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) shown in Figure 3.
- the invention provides nucleic acids consisting of at least 8 nucleotides (i.e. , a hybridizable portion) of a human E-cadherin sequence; in other embodiments, the nucleic acids consist of at least 30 nucleotides, 50 nucleotides, 100 nucleotides, 150 nucleotides, or 200 nucleotides of a human E-cadherin sequence.
- the invention also relates to nucleic acids hybridizable to or complementary to the foregoing sequences.
- nucleic acids are provided which comprise a sequence complementary to at least 10, 25, 30, 50, 100, or 200 nucleotides or the entire coding region of a human E-cadherin gene.
- the longest stretch of identity among the human E-cadherin sequence of Figure 3 and the published mouse and chicken E-cadherin sequences is 29 nucleotides.
- Nucleic acids comprising a portion of the noncoding sequence shown in Figure 3 are also provided, as are nucleic acids complementary thereto.
- the nucleic acids of the invention do not consist of the nucleotide sequence shown in Figure 3
- nucleic acids from nucleotide numbers 617-1036; preferably, such nucleic acids also do not consist of a portion of such nucleotide sequence.
- E-cadherin proteins (see Section 5.6) are additionally provided.
- a human E-cadherin DNA can be cloned and sequenced by the method described in Section 6, infra.
- Any human cell potentially can serve as the nucleic acid source for the molecular cloning of the E-cadherin gene.
- the DNA may be obtained by standard procedures known in the art from cloned DNA (e.g. , a DNA "library”), by chemical synthesis, by cDNA cloning, or by the cloning of genomic DNA, or fragments thereof, purified from the desired cell. (See, for example. Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2d Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Glover, D.M. (ed.), 1985, DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach, MRL Press. Ltd., Oxford, U.K. Vol.
- Clones derived from genomic DNA may contain regulatory and intron DNA regions in addition to coding regions; clones derived from cDNA will lack introns and will contain only exon sequences. Whatever the source, the gene should be molecularly cloned into a suitable vector for propagation of the gene.
- DNA fragments are generated, some of which will encode the desired gene.
- the DNA may be cleaved at specific sites using various restriction enzymes.
- DNAse in the presence of manganese to fragment the DNA, or the DNA can be physically sheared, as for example, by sonication.
- the linear DNA fragments can then be separated according to size by standard techniques, including but not limited to, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and column chromatography.
- identification of the specific DNA fragment containing the desired gene may be accomplished in a number of ways. For example, if an amount of a portion of a E-cadherin (of any species) gene or its specific RNA, or a fragment thereof, e.g. , an extracellular, or cytoplasmic region (see Section 5.6), is available and can be purified, or synthesized, and labeled, the generated DNA fragments may be screened by nucleic acid hybridization to the labeled probe (Benton and Davis, 1977, Science 196:180; Grunstein and Hogness, 1975, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72:3961).
- DNA fragments with substantial homology to the probe will hybridize. It is also possible to identify the appropriate fragment by restriction enzyme digestion(s) and comparison of fragment sizes with those expected according to a known restriction map, either available or deduced from a known nucleotide sequence. Further selection can be carried out on the basis of the properties of the gene. Alternatively, the presence of the gene may be detected by assays based on the physical, chemical, or immunological properties of its expressed product. For example, cDNA clones, or DNA clones which hybrid-select the proper mRNAs, can be selected which produce a protein that, e.g. , has similar or identical electrophoretic migration, isolectric focusing behavior, proteolytic digestion maps, binding activity, or antigenic properties as known for a
- E-cadherin protein By use of an antibody to a E-cadherin protein, the
- E-cadherin protein may be identified by binding of labeled antibody to the putatively E-cadherin protein synthesizing clones, in an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)-type procedure.
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- the E-cadherin gene can also be identified by mRNA selection by nucleic acid hybridization followed by in vitro translation. In this procedure, fragments are used to isolate complementary mRNAs by hybridization. Such DNA fragments may represent available, purified E-cadherin DNA of human or of another species (e.g. , mouse, chicken). Immunoprecipitation analysis or functional assays (e.g. , binding to a receptor or ligand; see infra) of the in vitro translation products of the isolated products of the isolated mRNAs identifies the mRNA and, therefore, the complementary DNA fragments that contain the desired sequences.
- specific mRNAs may be selected by adsorption of polysomes isolated from cells to immobilized antibodies specifically directed against a E-cadherin protein.
- a radiolabelled E-cadherin cDNA can be synthesized using the selected mRNA (from the adsorbed polysomes) as a template. The radiolabelled mRNA or cDNA may then be used as a probe to identify the E-cadherin DNA fragments from among other genomic DNA fragments.
- Alternatives to isolating the human E-cadherin genomic DNA include, but are not limited to, chemically synthesizing the gene sequence itself from a known sequence or making cDNA to the mRNA which encodes a human E-cadherin protein.
- E-cadherin gene can be isolated from human cells (e.g. , epithelial cells) which express a E-cadherin protein. Other methods are possible and within the scope of the invention.
- the identified and isolated gene can then be inserted into an appropriate cloning vector.
- vector-host systems known in the art may be used. Possible vectors include, but are not limited to, plasmids or modified viruses, but the vector system must be compatible with the host cell used. Such vectors include, but are not limited to, bacteriophages such as lambda derivatives, or plasmids such as PBR322 or pUC plasmid derivatives.
- the insertion into a cloning vector can, for example, be accomplished by ligating the DNA fragment into a cloning vector which has complementary cohesive termini.
- the ends of the DNA molecules may be enzymatically modified.
- any site desired may be produced by ligating nucleotide sequences (linkers) onto the DNA termini; these ligated linkers may comprise specific chemically synthesized oligonucleotides encoding restriction endonuclease recognition sequences.
- the cleaved vector and E-cadherin gene may be modified by homopolymeric tailing. Recombinant molecules can be introduced into host cells via transformation, transfection, infection, microinjection, electroporation, etc., so that many copies of the gene sequence are generated.
- the desired gene may be identified and isolated after insertion into a suitable cloning vector in a "shot gun" approach. Enrichment for the desired gene, for example, by size fractionation, can be done before insertion into the cloning vector.
- transformation of host cells with recombinant DNA molecules that incorporate the isolated E-cadherin gene, cDNA, or synthesized DNA sequence enables generation of multiple copies of the gene.
- the gene may be obtained in large quantities by growing
- transformants isolating the recombinant DNA molecules from the transformants and, when necessary, retrieving the inserted gene from the isolated recombinant DNA.
- the nucleotide sequence coding for a human E-cadherin protein or a functionally active fragment or other derivative thereof can be inserted into an appropriate expression vector, i. e. , a vector which contains the necessary elements for the transcription and translation of the inserted protein- coding sequence.
- the necessary transcriptional and translational signals can also be supplied by the native E-cadherin gene and/or its flanking regions.
- host-vector systems may be utilized to express the protein-coding sequence. These include but are not limited to mammalian cell systems infected with virus (e.g.
- vaccinia virus adenovirus
- insect cell systems infected with virus e.g., baculovirus
- microorganisms such as yeast containing yeast vectors, or bacteria transformed with bacteriophage DNA, plasmid DNA, or cosmid DNA.
- the expression elements of vectors vary in their strengths and specificities.
- any one of a number of suitable transcription and translation elements may be used.
- a chimeric protein comprising the extracellular domain or repeat region or other domain of a human E-cadherin protein is expressed.
- a full-length human E-cadherin cDNA is expressed, or a sequence encoding a functionally active portion of a human E-cadherin protein.
- a fragment of a human E-cadherin protein comprising a domain of the protein, or other derivative, or analog of a human E-cadherin protein is expressed.
- any of the methods previously described for the insertion of DNA fragments into a vector may be used to construct expression vectors containing a chimeric gene consisting of appropriate transcriptional/translational control signals and the protein coding sequences. These methods may include in vitro recombinant DNA and synthetic techniques and in vivo recombinants (genetic recombination). Expression of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a human E-cadherin protein or peptide fragment may be regulated by a second nucleic acid sequence so that the E-cadherin protein or peptide is expressed in a host transformed with the recombinant DNA molecule. For example, expression of a E-cadherin protein may be controlled by any promoter/enhancer element known in the art.
- Promoters which may be used to control E-cadherin gene expression include, but are not limited to, the SV40 early promoter region (Bernoist and Chambon, 1981 , Nature 290:304-310), the promoter contained in the 3' long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus (Yamamoto et al. , 1980, Cell 22:787-797), the herpes thymidine kinase promoter (Wagner et al., 1981 , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78: 1441-1445), the regulatory sequences of the metallothionein gene (Brinster et al., 1982, Nature 296:39-42), an adenovirus promoter,
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- prokaryotic promoters such as the ⁇ - lactamase (Villa-Kamaroff et al., 1978, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:3727- 3731), tac (DeBoer et al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
- ⁇ P L ⁇ P L
- trc promoters see also "Useful proteins from recombinant bacteria" in Scientific American, 1980, 242:74-94; plant expression vectors comprising the nopaline synthetase promoter region or the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter (Gardner et al., 1981 , Nucl. Acids Res.
- promoter elements from yeast or other fungi such as the Gal 4 promoter, the ADC (alcohol dehydrogenase) promoter, PGK (phosphoglycerol kinase) promoter, alkaline phosphatase promoter, and the following animal transcriptional control regions, which exhibit tissue specificity and have been utilized in transgenic animals: elastase I gene control region which is active in pancreatic acinar cells (Swift et al., 1984, Cell 38:639-646; Ornitz et al., 1986, Cold Spring Harbor Symp.
- mouse mammary tumor virus control region which is active in testicular, breast, lymphoid and mast cells (Leder et al., 1986, Cell 45:485-495), albumin gene control region which is active in liver (Pinkert et al., 1987, Genes and Devel. 1:268-276), alpha-fetoprotein gene control region which is active in liver (Krumlauf et al., 1985, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5: 1639-1648; Hammer et al., 1987, Science 235:53-58; alpha 1-antitrypsin gene control region which is active in the liver (Kelsey et al., 1987, Genes and Devel.
- beta-globin gene control region which is active in myeloid cells (Mogram et al. , 1985, Nature 315:338-340; Kollias et al., 1986, Cell 46:89-94; myelin basic protein gene control region which is active in oligodendrocyte cells in the brain (Readhead et al., 1987, Cell 48:703-712); myosin light chain-2 gene control region which is active in skeletal muscle (Sani, 1985, Nature 314:283-286), and gonadotropic releasing hormone gene control region which is active in the hypothalamus (Mason et al., 1986, Science 234:1372-1378).
- a pGEX vector (Pharmacia) is used for expression in bacteria.
- a nucleotide sequence encoding a human E-cadherin or fragment or derivative thereof is operatively linked to a promoter, wherein the promoter is not a human E-cadherin gene promoter.
- Expression vectors containing human E-cadherin gene inserts can be identified by three general approaches: (a) nucleic acid hybridization, (b) presence or absence of "marker" gene functions, and (c) expression of inserted sequences.
- first approach the presence of a foreign gene inserted in an expression vector can be detected by nucleic acid hybridization using probes comprising sequences that are homologous to an inserted E-cadherin gene.
- second approach the recombinant vector/host system can be identified and selected based upon the presence or absence of certain "marker" gene functions (e.g.
- recombinants containing the E-cadherin insert can be identified by the absence of the marker gene function.
- recombinant expression vectors can be identified by assaying the foreign gene product expressed by the recombinant. Such assays can be based, for example, on the physical or functional properties of the E-cadherin gene product in in vitro assay systems, e.g. , binding to a ligand or receptor, binding with antibody.
- the expression vectors which can be used include, but are not limited to, the following vectors or their derivatives: human or animal viruses such as vaccinia virus or adenovirus; insect viruses such as baculovirus; yeast vectors; bacteriophage vectors (e.g. , lambda), and plasmid and cosmid DNA vectors, to name but a few.
- a host cell strain may be chosen which modulates the expression of the inserted sequences, or modifies and processes the gene product in the specific fashion desired. Expression from certain promoters can be elevated in the presence of certain inducers; thus, expression of the genetically engineered E-cadherin protein may be controlled.
- different host cells have characteristic and specific mechanisms for the translational and post- translational processing and modification (e.g. , glycosylation, cleavage) of proteins.
- mammalian, yeast, and baculovirus host cells can glycosylate proteins.
- Appropriate cell lines or host systems can be chosen to ensure the desired modification and processing of the foreign protein expressed.
- cDNA and genomic sequences can be cloned and expressed.
- the gene product can be analyzed. This is achieved by assays based on the physical or functional properties of the product, including radioactive labelling of the product followed by analysis by gel electrophoresis, immunoassay, etc.
- a human E-cadherin protein may be isolated and purified by standard methods including chromatography (e.g. , ion exchange, affinity, and sizing column chromatography). centrifugation, differential solubility, or by any other standard technique for the purification of proteins.
- the functional properties may be evaluated using any suitable assay (see Section 5-7).
- the amino acid sequence of a human E-cadherin protein can be deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the chimeric gene contained in the recombinant. Once the amino acid sequence is thus known, the protein can be synthesized by standard chemical methods known in the art (e.g. , see Hunkapiller et al., 1984, Nature 310:105-111).
- a human E-cadherin protein includes but is not limited to one containing, as a primary amino acid sequence, all or part of the amino acid sequence substantially as depicted in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO:2), as well as fragments and other derivatives, and analogs thereof.
- the invention relates to mature human E-cadherin proteins, e.g.. those having an amino acid sequence substantially as depicted in Figure 3 from amino acid numbers 151-878.
- a protein comprises the amino acid sequence as depicted in Figure 3 from amino acid numbers 153-878.
- the invention relates to an E-cadherin protein having an amino acid sequence substantially as depicted in Figure 3 from amino acid numbers 1-878.
- Purified proteins comprising the foregoing sequences are also provided.
- the invention provides purified human E-cadherin proteins and fragments thereof that are free of detergents, substantially non-denatured, and/or free of other human cell membrane components.
- the human E-cadherin protein or fragment thereof e.g. , comprising the extracellular domain
- is glycosylated e.g. , as obtained by expression in mammalian cells.
- the human E-cadherin protein or fragment thereof is nonglycosylated (e.g.. as obtained by expression in bacteria). Nonglycosylated mature E-cadherin proteins are believed to be capable of homotypic binding.
- the cloned DNA or cDNA corresponding to the E-cadherin gene can be analyzed by methods including but not limited to Southern hybridization (Southern, 1975, J. Mol. Biol. 98:503-517), Northern hybridization (see e.g. , Freeman et al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:4094-4098), restriction endonuclease mapping (Maniatis, 1982, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York), and DNA sequence analysis (see infra). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR; U.S. Patent Nos.
- the stringency of the hybridization conditions for both Southern and Northern hybridization can be manipulated to ensure detection of nucleic acids with the desired degree of relatedness to the specific E-cadherin probe used, whether it be human or other species.
- Restriction endonuclease mapping can be used to roughly determine the genetic structure of the human E-cadherin gene. Restriction maps derived by restriction endonuclease cleavage can be confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. Alternatively, restriction maps can be deduced, once the nucleotide sequence is known.
- DNA sequence analysis can be performed by any techniques known in the art, including but not limited to the method of Maxam and Gilbert (1980, Meth. Enzymol. 65:499-560), the Sanger dideoxy method (Sanger et al. , 1977, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:5463), the use of T7 DNA polymerase (Tabor and Richardson, U.S. Patent No. 4,795,699; Sequenase, U.S. Biochemical Corp.), or Taq polymerase, or use of an automated DNA sequenator (e.g. , Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
- the cDNA sequence of a human E-cadherin gene comprises me sequence substantially as depicted in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO: 1), and described in Section 6, infra.
- the amino acid sequence of a human E-cadherin protein can be derived by deduction from the DNA sequence, or alternatively, by direct sequencing of the protein, e.g. , with an automated amino acid sequencer.
- the amino acid sequence of a representative human E-cadherin protein comprises the amino acid sequence substantially as depicted in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO:2).
- the sequence of the mature E-cadherin protein is substantially as depicted in Figure 3 from amino acid numbers 151-878.
- the E-cadherin protein sequence can be further characterized by a hydrophilicity analysis (Hopp and Woods, 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
- a hydrophilicity profile can be used to identify the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of a E-cadherin protein and the corresponding regions of the gene sequence which encode such regions.
- Biochemistry 13:222 can also be done, to identify regions of a E-cadherin protein mat assume specific secondary structures.
- Manipulation, translation, and secondary structure prediction, as well as open reading frame prediction and plotting, can also be accomplished using computer software programs available in the art.
- a human E-cadherin protein may be used as an immunogen to generate antibodies which recognize such an immunogen.
- Such antibodies include but are not limited to polyclonal, monoclonal, chimeric, single chain, Fab fragments, and an Fab expression library.
- antibodies which specifically bind to human E-cadherin proteins are produced.
- such an antibody recognizes the human E-cadherin protein having the sequence shown in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO:2), or a portion thereof.
- such an antibody specifically binds to human, but not mouse or chicken, E-cadherin.
- antibodies to a particular domain e.g. , the cytoplasmic domain of a human E-cadherin protein are produced.
- Various procedures known in the art may be used for the production of polyclonal antibodies to a human E-cadherin protein or derivative or analog.
- various host animals can be immunized by injection with a native human E-cadherin protein, or a synthetic version, or derivative (e.g. , fragment) thereof, including but not limited to rabbits, mice, rats, etc.
- adjuvants may be used to increase the immunological response, depending on the host species, and including but not limited to Freund's (complete and incomplete), mineral gels such as aluminum hydroxide, surface active substances such as lysolecithin, pluronic polyols, polyanions, peptides, oil emulsions, keyhole limpet hemocyanins, dinitrophenol, and potentially useful human adjuvants such as BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) and corynebacterium parvum.
- BCG Bacille Calmette-Guerin
- polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies are produced by use of a hydrophilic portion of a human E-cadherin peptide (e.g. , identified by the procedure of Hopp and Woods (1981. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:3824)).
- a hydrophilic portion of a human E-cadherin peptide e.g. , identified by the procedure of Hopp and Woods (1981. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:3824).
- any technique which provides for the production of antibody molecules by continuous cell lines in culture may be used.
- the hybridoma technique originally developed by Kohler and Milstein (1975, Nature 256:495-497), as well as the trioma technique, the human B-cell hybridoma technique (Kozbor et al., 1983, Immunology Today 4:72), and the EBV-hybridoma technique to produce human monoclonal antibodies can be used.
- monoclonal antibodies can be produced in germ-free animals (PCT Publication No.
- human antibodies may be used and can be obtained by using human hybridomas (Cote et al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:2026-2030) or by transforming human B cells with EBV virus in vitro (Cole et al., 1985, in Monoclonal
- such fragments include but are not limited to: the F(ab') 2 fragment which can be produced by pepsin digestion of the antibody molecule; the Fab' fragments which can be generated by reducing the disulfide bridges of the F(ab') 2 fragment, and the Fab fragments which can be generated by treating the antibody molecule with papain and a reducing agent.
- screening for the desired antibody can be accomplished by techniques known in the art, e.g. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- E-cadherin of another species e.g. , mouse, chicken
- antibodies can be used in methods known in the art relating to the localization and activity of the protein sequences of the invention (e.g. , see Section 5.7, infra), e.g. , for imaging these proteins, measuring levels thereof in appropriate physiological samples, etc., diagnostically, and
- merapeutically e.g. , for inhibiting E-cadherin function.
- the invention further relates to derivatives (including but not limited to fragments) and analogs of human E-cadherin proteins.
- the derivative or analog is functionally active, i.e. , capable of exhibiting one or more functional activities associated with a full-length, wild- type human E-cadherin protein.
- such derivatives or analogs which have the desired immunogenicity or antigenicity can be used, for example, in immunoassays, for immunization, for promotion or inhibition of E-cadherin protein activity, etc.
- Such molecules which retain, or alternatively inhibit, a desired human E-cadherin protein property e.g.
- binding to a receptor or ligand can be used as inducers, or inhibitors, respectively, of such property and its physiological correlates.
- a receptor or ligand such as possibly Notch protein
- Derivatives or analogs of E-cadherin proteins can be tested for the desired activity by procedures known in the art, including but not limited to the assays described in Section 5.7.
- E-cadherin derivatives can be made by altering E-cadherin sequences by substitutions, additions or deletions that provide for functionally equivalent molecules.
- nucleotide coding sequences Due to the degeneracy of nucleotide coding sequences, other DNA sequences which encode substantially the same amino acid sequence as a human E-cadherin gene may be used in the practice of the present invention. These include but are not limited to nucleotide sequences comprising all or portions of human E-cadherin genes which are altered by the substitution of different codons that encode a functionally equivalent amino acid residue within the sequence, thus producing a silent change.
- the E-cadherin derivatives of the invention include, but are not limited to, diose containing, as a primary amino acid sequence, all or part of the amino acid sequence of a human E-cadherin protein including altered sequences in which functionally equivalent amino acid residues are substituted for residues within the sequence.
- one or more amino acid residues within the sequence can be substituted by another amino acid of a similar polarity which acts as a functional equivalent, resulting in a silent alteration.
- Substitutes for an amino acid within the sequence may be selected from other members of the class to which the amino acid belongs.
- the nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids include alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine.
- the polar neutral amino acids include glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, and glutamine.
- the positively charged (basic) amino acids include arginine, lysine and histidine.
- the negatively charged (acidic) amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
- proteins consisting of or comprising a fragment of a human E-cadherin protein consisting of at least 30 amino acids of the E-cadherin protein is provided.
- the fragment consists of at least 6, 10, 50, 75, or 100 amino acids of the E-cadherin protein.
- a protein comprising a fragment of the amino acid sequence shown in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO:2) from amino acid numbers 728-878, which can be bound by anti-E-cadherin antibody.
- a purified protein is provided which comprises a derivative or fragment of a human E-cadherin protein, with the proviso that said purified protein is not a mature human E-cadherin protein comprising amino acids 151-878 as depicted in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO:2).
- the human E-cadherin protein derivatives and analogs of the invention can be produced by various mediods known in the art.
- E-cadherin gene sequence can be modified by any of numerous strategies known in the art (Maniatis, 1990, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2d ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring
- E-cadherin gene uninterrupted by translational stop signals, in the gene region where the desired E-cadherin protein activity is encoded.
- the E-cadherin-encoding nucleic acid sequence can be mutated in vitro or in vivo, to create and/or destroy translation, initiation, and/or term.:.ation sequences, or to create variations in coding regions and/or form new restriction endonuclease sites or destroy preexisting ones, to facilitate further in vitro modification.
- Any technique for mutagenesis known in the art can be used, including but not limited to, in vitro site-directed mutagenesis (Hutchinson et al., 1978, J. Biol. Chem 253:6551).
- Manipulations of the human E-cadherin sequence may also be made at the protein level.
- human E-cadherin protein fragments or other derivatives or analogs which are differentially modified during or after translation, e.g. , by acetylation, glycosylation or deglycosylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting/blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to an antibody molecule or other cellular ligand, etc. Any of numerous chemical modifications may be carried out by known techniques, including but not limited to specific chemical cleavage by cyanogen bromide, trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, V8 protease, NaBH 4 , acetylation, formylation, oxidation, reduction, etc.
- analogs and derivatives of human E-cadherin proteins can be chemically synthesized.
- a peptide corresponding to a portion of a E-cadherin protein which comprises the desired domain can be synthesized by use of a peptide synthesizer.
- nonclassical amino acids or chemical amino acid analogs can be introduced as a substitution or addition into the human E-cadherin protein sequence.
- Non-classical amino acids include but are not limited to the D-isomers of the common amino acids, ⁇ -amino isobutyric acid, 4-aminobutyric acid, hydroxyproline, sarcosine, citrulline, cysteic acid, t-butylglycine, t-butylalanine, phenylglycine, cyclohexylalanine, ⁇ -alanine, designer amino acids such as ⁇ -methyl amino acids, C ⁇ -methyl amino acids, and N ⁇ -methyl amino acids.
- the human E-cadherin derivative is a chimeric, or fusion, protein comprising a human E-cadherin protein or fragment thereof (preferably consisting of at least a domain or region of the E-cadherin protein, or at least 30 amino acids of the E-cadherin protein) joined at its amino or carboxy-terminus via a peptide bond to an amino acid sequence of a different protein.
- a chimeric protein is produced by recombinant expression of a nucleic acid encoding the protein (comprising a human
- E-cadher in-coding sequence joined in-frame to a coding sequence for a different protein).
- a chimeric product can be made by ligating the appropriate nucleic acid sequences encoding the desired amino acid sequences to each other by methods known in the art, in the proper coding frame, and expressing the chimeric product by mediods commonly known in the art.
- a chimeric product may be made by protein synthetic techniques, e.g. , by use of a peptide synthesizer.
- a specific embodiment relates to a chimeric protein comprising a fragment of a E-cadherin protein which comprises a domain or motif of the E-cadherin protein, e.g.
- the extracellular domain the extracellular domain, transmembrane region, cytoplasmic domain, amino-terminal processed region, homotypic binding domain, conserved cysteine domain, HAV sequence, repeat region, repeat #1, repeat #2, repeat #3, or any combination of the foregoing (see Section 7).
- Another specific embodiment relates to a chimeric protein comprising a fragment of a human E-cadherin protein of at least six amino acids.
- the fusion protein comprises or consists of the extracellular portion of human E-cadherin or a functional fragment thereof joined via a peptide bond to a transmembrane domain joined via a peptide bond to the cytoplasmic (signalling) domain or functional fragment thereof of another receptor or adhesion molecule (e.g. , DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer), P-cadherin, N-cadherin; N-CAM (neural cell adhesion molecule); receptor tyrosine kinases such as growth factor receptors like epidermal growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, neu, etc.).
- DCC deleted in Colorectal Cancer
- P-cadherin, N-cadherin; N-CAM neural cell adhesion molecule
- receptor tyrosine kinases such as growth factor receptors like epidermal growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, neu, etc.
- human E-cadherin fusion proteins consisting of a human E-cadherin fragment capable of generating anti-E-cadherin antibody fused to the carboxyl-terminus of glutathione-S-transferase, are described in Section 8 hereof.
- Another specific embodiment relates to a protein comprising portions of the human E-cadherin sequence which appear in different order or are missing amino acid sequence relative to native E-cadherin.
- a protein comprising a portion of me E-cadherin amino acid sequence shown in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO:2) is provided, with the proviso mat the protein does not contain amino acids numbers 153-307.
- the invention relates to human
- E-cadherin protein derivatives and analogs in particular human E-cadherin fragments and derivatives of such fragments, mat comprise one or more domains of a human E-cadherin protein, including but not limited to the extracellular domain, transmembrane region, cytoplasmic domain, amino-terminal processed region, homotypic binding domain, HAV sequence, conserved cysteine domain, repeat domain, repeat #1, repeat #2, and repeat #3.
- the amino acid sequences representing the foregoing domains for the protein having the sequence shown in Figure 3 are described in Section 7 infra.
- a protein comprises one or more of human E-cadherin repeats #1 , #2, and #3.
- a protein comprises the human E-cadherin transmembrane region and cytoplasmic domain.
- the invention relates to a derivative or analog of human E-cadherin mat lacks one or more domains of a human E-cadherin protein.
- the invention also provides human E-cadherin fragments, and analogs or derivatives of such fragments, which mediate binding to other proteins, and nucleic acid sequences encoding the foregoing.
- fragments, analogs, and derivatives which bind to alpha, beta or gamma catenin, actin, spectrin/fodrin, and/or ankyrin are envisioned.
- E-cadherin proteins, derivatives and analogs can be assayed by various methods known in the art.
- immunoassays known in the art can be used, including but not limited to competitive and non-competitive assay systems using techniques such as radioimmunoassays, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), "sandwich” immunoassays, immunoradiometric assays, gel diffusion precipitin reactions, immunodiffusion assays, in situ immunoassays
- antibody binding is detected by detecting a label on the primary antibody.
- the primary antibody is detected by detecting binding of a secondary antibody or reagent to the primary antibody.
- the secondary antibody is labelled. Many means are known in the ert for detecting binding in an immunoassay and are within the scope of the present invention.
- the ability to bind to another protein can be demonstrated by in vitro binding assays, noncompetitive or competitive, by methods known in the art.
- a second E-cadherin protein alpha, beta, or gamma catenin; actin, spectrin/fodrin, ankyrin, 220 kD undercoat protein (Itoh et al., 1991 , J. Cell Biol. 115(5): 1449-1462), or ouierwise
- the ability of an E-cadherin derivative or analog to bind to an identical molecule (“homotypic binding") or to native E-cadherin can be assayed by methods known in the art.
- physiological correlates of E-cadherin introduction into cells can be assayed.
- me ability to suppress cell invasion can be assayed by known methods (see, e.g. , Vleminckx et al., 1991 , Cell 66:107-119).
- the human E-cadherin proteins, derivatives (including fragments) and analogs thereof; antibodies thereto; nucleic acids encoding the human E-cadherin proteins, derivatives, and analogs, and E-cadherin antisense nucleic acids have therapeutic utility in the modulation of functions mediated by human E-cadherin.
- Such therapeutical ly useful molecules provided by the invention are termed herein "Therapeutics.
- the Therapeutics have therapeutic value for various diseases and disorders.
- One specific embodiment of the invention relates to Therapeutics which antagonize, or inhibit, a E-cadherin protein function.
- Such Therapeutics are most preferably identified by use of known convenient in vitro assays, e.g. , based on their ability to inhibit binding of E-cadherin to other proteins, or inhibit any known E-cadherin function as assayed in vitro, although in vivo assays may also be employed.
- a Therapeutic is a protein or derivative thereof comprising a functionally active fragment such as a fragment of a human E-cadherin protein which binds to another protein; such a Therapeutic can be used, e.g. , in soluble form, to competitively inhibit the function mediated by such fragment.
- a Therapeutic is a protein comprising the homotypic binding domain, or an analog/competitive inhibitor of a E-cadherin signal-transducing function, a nucleic acid capable of expressing one of the foregoing proteins, a human E-cadherin antisense nucleic acid (see infra), or an anti-human E-cadherin antibody which neutralizes a functional activity of E-cadherin.
- a nucleic acid containing a portion of a dysfunctional E-cadherin gene is used, to promote E-cadherin inactivation by homologous recombination (Koller and Smithies, 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8932-8935; Zijlstra et al. , 1989, Nature 342:435-438).
- Therapeutics can be used to promote E-cadherin function.
- Such Therapeutics include but are not limited to human E-cadherin proteins and derivatives and analogs of the invention which are functionally active, i.e. , they are capable of displaying one or more known functional activities associated with a full-length (wild-type) E-cadherin protein.
- functional activity is the ability to suppress cell invasion or metastasis.
- such a Therapeutic comprises one or more domains of the human E-cadherin protein, preferably the homotypic binding domain.
- the Therapeutic is a chimeric/fusion protein comprising (a) an extracellular domain or functional derivative thereof that is of human
- E-cadherin (b) a transmembrane domain, and (c) a cytoplasmic signalling domain or functional derivative thereof of a protein normally expressed by a cell type representative of the cell to which the Therapeutic is delivered.
- me cytoplasmic domain can be of N-CAM or N-cadherin.
- a recombinant nucleic acid encoding and capable of expressing such a chimeric molecule is introduced into a host cell.
- E-cadherin function is administered to promote cell invasion.
- a Therapeutic which promotes E-cadherin function is administered to inhibit cell invasion and metastasis.
- introduction into cell of a nucleic acid encoding a human E-cadherin or fragment thereof which mediates homotypic binding is therapeutically useful for promotion of adhesion of such cells and prevention of their invasion and metastasis.
- tumor cells direct delivery of the nucleic acid to such tumor cells in vivo is envisaged.
- such cells to be used for introduction of the E-cadherin nucleic acid can be any cells to be administered in vivo for therapeutic effect; introduction into such cells of the E-cadherin-encoding sequences prior to administration of the cell to a patient can prevent the cell from subsequently becoming or behaving like an invasive tumor cell (see also Section 5.9).
- a Therapeutic which exhibits E-cadherin homotypic binding ability is administered to treat or prevent malignancy, or metastasis of a malignancy. This is described further in Sections 5.8.1 and 5.8.2.
- a Therapeutic which promotes E-cadherin function e.g. , comprising the extracellular domain or homotypic binding domain, and dius capable of mediating homotypic binding and resultant adhesion of cells attached to or expressing the Therapeutic
- a Therapeutic which promotes E-cadherin function is used for treatment of benign dysproliferative disorders.
- Specific embodiments are directed to treatment of cirrhosis of the liver (a condition in which scarring has overtaken normal liver regeneration processes), treatment of keloid (hypertrophic scar) formation (disfiguring of the skin in which the scarring process interferes with normal renewal), psoriasis (a common skin condition characterized by excessive proliferation of the skin and delay in proper cell fate determination), and baldness (a condition in which terminally differentiated hair follicles fail to function properly).
- a Therapeutic which promotes E-cadherin function (e.g. , comprising the extracellular domain or homotypic binding domain, and dius capable of mediating homotypic binding) is used to promote wound healing, including the treatment of burns, and to promote me re-epithelialization of the skin, mucosal surfaces, or cornea.
- fibroblasts obtained from a patient are transfected in vitro with a nucleic acid encoding human E-cadherin or a derivative thereof capable of homotypic binding, in order to form a synmetic skin graft that, when applied to the site of a patient's wound, provides a protective autologous barrier to promote wound healing.
- Incorporation of human E-cadherin, or cells expressing the same, in synthetic organs is also envisioned.
- E-cadherin function is used to treat or prevent gestational disease, or fetal wastage, for example, spontaneous abortions, and developmental abnormalities of the fetus or neonate.
- the Therapeutic is administered into the amniotic sac or intrauterinely.
- E-cadherin is normally expressed in human placenta.
- E-cadherin function (in particular, its function in establishing an impermeability barrier in epithelial cells) can be used for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory disorders, e.g. , Crohn's disease or sclerosing cholangitis. Crohn's disease and sclerosing cholangitis are associated with decreased permeability of epithelial cells. It has been reported that E-cadherin is required to establish the impermeability barrier in epithelial cells.
- a Therapeutic preferably one which promotes adhesiveness mediated by E-cadherin and dius exhibits E-cadherin homotypic binding ability, include but are not limited to diose described below in this and the subsequent subsection.
- Such malignancies and related disorders include but are not limited to those listed in Table 1 (for a review of such disorders, see Fishman et al., 1985, Medicine, 2d Ed., J.B. Lippincott Co. , Philadelphia):
- gestational proliferative disease e.g. , molar
- the Therapeutics of the invention which exhibit adhesiveness to cells, or homotypic binding, can be administered to prevent progression to a neoplastic or malignant state, including but not limited to those disorders listed in Table 1.
- Such prophylactic use is indicated in conditions known or suspected of preceding progression to neoplasia or cancer, in particular, where non-neoplastic cell growth consisting of hyperplasia, metaplasia, or most particularly, dysplasia has occurred (for review of such abnormal growth conditions, see Robbins and Angell, 1976, Basic Pathology, 2d Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, pp.
- Hyperplasia is a form of controlled cell proliferation involving an increase in cell number in a tissue or organ, without significant alteration in structure or function. As but one example, endometrial hyperplasia often precedes endometrial cancer. Metaplasia is a form of controlled cell growth in which one type of adult or fully differentiated cell substitutes for another type of adult cell. Metaplasia can occur in epithelial or connective tissue cells. Atypical metaplasia involves a somewhat disorderly metaplastic epithelium. Dysplasia is frequently a forerunner of cancer, and is found mainly in the epithelia; it is the most disorderly form of non-neoplastic cell growth, involving a loss in individual cell uniformity and in the architectural orientation of cells. Dysplastic cells often have abnormally large, deeply stained nuclei, and exhibit pleomorphism.
- Dysplasia characteristically occurs where there exists chronic irritation or inflammation, and is often found in the cervix, respiratory passages, oral cavity, and gall bladder.
- the presence of one or more characteristics of a transformed phenotype, or of a malignant phenotype, displayed in vivo or displayed in vitro by a cell sample from a patient can indicate the desirability of prophylactic/therapeutic administration of a Therapeutic of the invention.
- characteristics of a transformed phenotype include mo ⁇ hology changes, looser substratum attachment, loss of contact inhibition, loss of anchorage dependence, protease release, increased sugar transport, decreased serum requirement, expression of fetal antigens, disappearance of the 250,000 dalton cell surface protein, etc. (see also id., at pp. 84-90 for characteristics associated with a transformed or malignant phenotype).
- leukoplakia a benign-appearing hyperplastic or dysplastic lesion of the epithelium, or Bowen's disease, a carcinoma in situ, are pre-neoplastic lesions indicative of the desirability of prophylactic intervention.
- fibrocystic disease cystic hyperplasia, mammary dysplasia, particularly adenosis (benign epithelial hyperplasia), or atypical papillomatosis
- adenosis benign epithelial hyperplasia
- atypical papillomatosis is indicative of the desirability of prophylactic
- a patient with a strong family history of breast cancer is treated with a Therapeutic, for prevention of breast cancer.
- a patient which exhibits one or more of me following predisposing factors for malignancy is treated by administration of an effective amount of a Therapeutic: a chromosomal translocation associated with a malignancy (e.g. , the Philadelphia chromosome for chronic myelogenous leukemia, t(14;18) for follicular lymphoma, etc.), familial polyposis or Gardner's syndrome (possible forerunners of colon cancer), benign monoclonal gammopathy (a possible forerunner of multiple myeloma), and a first degree kinship with persons having a cancer or precancerous disease showing a Mendel ian (genetic) inheritance pattern (e.g.
- Fanconi's aplastic anemia, and Bloom's syndrome see Robbins and Angell, 1976, Basic Pathology, 2d Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, pp. 112-113); or one of the foregoing precancerous conditions, or neurofibromatosis (e.g. , tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel-Lindau disease, multiple exostoses), genodermatosis (e.g. , polydysplastic epidermolysis bullosa), immune deficiency syndrome (e.g. , Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinemia), chromosome breakage or polyploidy (e.g.
- Therapeutics which antagonize E-cadherin function, and thus promote cell invasiveness can be used therapeutically, e.g. , to promote tissue repair and regeneration.
- a particular embodiment is directed to the promotion of nerve regeneration.
- Therapeutics which antagonize E-cadherin function include but are not limited to human E-cadherin antisense nucleic acids, anti-human E-cadherin monoclonal antibodies (e.g. , directed against the homotypic binding region, repeat region), and human E-cadherin peptide fragments or analogs thereof (e.g. of the
- E-cadherin extracellular domain which when administered preferably in soluble form will competitively inhibit homotypic binding or adhesiveness of E-cadherin).
- Nervous system disorders which are dius envisioned for treatment include but are not limited to nervous system injuries, and diseases or disorders which result in either a disconnection of axons, a diminution or degeneration of neurons, or demyelination.
- Nervous system lesions which may be treated in a patient (including human and non-human mammalian patients) according to the invention include but are not limited to the following lesions of either the central (including spinal cord, brain) or peripheral nervous systems:
- traumatic lesions including lesions caused by physical injury or associated with surgery, for example, lesions which sever a portion of the nervous system, or compression injuries;
- ischemic lesions in which a lack of oxygen in a portion of the nervous system results in neuronal injury or death, including cerebral infarction or ischemia, or spinal cord infarction or ischemia;
- malignant lesions in which a portion of the nervous system is destroyed or injured by malignant tissue which is either a nervous system associated malignancy or a malignancy derived from non-nervous system tissue;
- infectious lesions in which a portion of the nervous system is destroyed or injured as a result of infection, for example, by an abscess or associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus, herpes zoster, or herpes simplex virus or with Lyme disease, tuberculosis, syphilis;
- degenerative lesions in which a portion of the nervous system is destroyed or injured as a result of a degenerative process including but not limited to degeneration associated with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease,
- Huntington's chorea or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; (vi) lesions associated with nutritional diseases or disorders, in which a portion of the nervous system is destroyed or injured by a nutritional disorder or disorder of metabolism including but not limited to. vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency, Wernicke disease, tobacco-alcohol amblyopia, Marchiafava-Bignami disease (primary degeneration of the corpus callosum), and alcoholic cerebellar degeneration;
- diabetes diabetes neuropathy
- lesions caused by toxic substances including alcohol, lead, or particular neurotoxins and (ix) demyelinated lesions in which a portion of the nervous system is destroyed or injured by a demyelinating disease including but not limited to multiple sclerosis, human immunodeficiency virus-associated myelopathy, transverse myelopathy or various etiologies, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and central pontine myelinolysis.
- Therapeutics which are useful according to the invention for treatment of a nervous system disorder may be selected by testing for biological activity in promoting neurite extension or survival or differentiation of neurons. For example, and not by way of limitation, Therapeutics which elicit any of the following effects may be useful according to the invention:
- a neuron-associated molecule in culture or in vivo, e.g., choline acetyltransferase or acetylcholinesterase with respect to motor neurons; or (iv) decreased symptoms of neuron dysfunction in vivo.
- Such effects may be measured by any method known in the art.
- increased survival of neurons may be measured by the method set forth in Arakawa et al. (1990, J. Neurosci. 10:3507-3515); increased sprouting of neurons may be detected by methods set forth in Pestronk et al. (1980, Exp. Neurol. 70:65-82) or Brown et al. (1981 , Ann. Rev. Neurosci.
- neuron-associated molecules may be measured by bioassay, enzymatic assay, antibody binding, Northern blot assay, etc., depending on the molecule to be measured; and motor neuron dysfunction may be measured by assessing the physical manifestation of motor neuron disorder, e.g. , weakness, motor neuron conduction velocity, or functional disability.
- motor neuron disorders that may be treated according to the invention include but are not limited to disorders such as infarction, infection, exposure to toxin, trauma, surgical damage, or degenerative disease that may affect motor neurons as well as other components of the nervous system, as well as disorders that selectively affect neurons such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and including but not limited to progressive spinal muscular atrophy, progressive bulbar palsy, primary lateral sclerosis, infantile and juvenile muscular atrophy, progressive bulbar paralysis of childhood (Fazio-Londe syndrome), poliomyelitis and the post polio syndrome, and Hereditary
- Nucleic acids encoding human E-cadherin or functional derivatives thereof, and expression vectors comprising the same can be introduced into cells such that the E-cadherin nucleic acid sequences are stably incorporated in the cell and capable of expression by the cell and/or its progeny cells. Such introduction can occur in vivo, by or following in vivo administration of the E-cadherin encoding nucleic acid; or in vitro, after which the recombinant cell can be introduced into an animal, most preferably a human, for pu ⁇ oses of gene therapy (i.e., therapeutic benefit via expression of the protein encoded by the introduced, heterologous gene sequence) (for reviews relating to gene therapy, see, e.g. , Karson et al., 1992, J. Reprod. Med. 37(6):508-514; Thompson. 1992, Science 258:744-746; Cline, 1985, Pharmac. Ther. 29:69-92).
- gene therapy i.e., therapeutic benefit via expression of
- a nucleic acid encoding the complete human E-cadherin protein or a functional derivative thereof capable of homotypic binding is introduced into a cell of an animal, either in vitro followed by introduction of the transformed cell or in vivo (e.g. , by direct injection into the animal) to prevent progression to malignancy, to prevent cell invasion, or to prevent metastasis.
- the nucleic acid is directly injected into or otherwise delivered to a tumor cell, to prevent metastasis.
- tumor cells include but are not limited to the solid tumors listed in Table 1, supra.
- recombinant cells engineered to secrete an E-cadherin protein or derivative can be used to provide soluble E-cadherin to competitively inhibit E-cadherin adhesive function on cells, thus promoting cell invasion.
- Cells into which an E-cadherin-encoding nucleic acid can be introduced for pu ⁇ oses of gene therapy encompass any desired, available cell type, and include but are not limited to epithelial cells, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, muscle cells, hepatocytes; blood cells such as
- T lymphocytes B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, megakaryocytes, granulocytes; various stem or progenitor cells, in particular hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells, e.g. , as obtained from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood, fetal liver, etc.
- the E-cadherin-encoding nucleic acid if not directly introduced into the tumor ceil in vivo, is preferably introduced into a cell of the same cell type as the tumor cell.
- the cell used for gene therapy is autologous to the patient.
- stem cells are preferred for use. Any stem cells which can be isolated and maintained in vitro can potentially be used in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention.
- stem cells include but are not limited to hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), stem cells of epithelial tissues such as the skin and the lining of the gut, and embryonic heart muscle cells. Epithelial stem cells are preferred for use.
- Epithelial stem cells or keratinocytes can be obtained from tissues such as the skin and the lining of the gut by known procedures
- ESCs or keratinocytes obtained from the skin or lining of the gut of a patient or donor can be grown in tissue culture (Rheinwald, 1980, Meth. Cell Bio. 21A:229; Pittelkow and Scott, 1986, Mayo Clinic Proc. 61 :771). If the ESCs are provided by a donor, a mediod for suppression of host versus graft reactivity (e.g. , irradiation, drug or antibody administration to promote moderate immunosuppression) can also be used.
- HSC hematopoietic stem cells
- any technique which provides for the isolation, propagation, and maintenance in vitro of HSC can be used in this embodiment of the invention.
- Techniques by which this may be accomplished include (a) the isolation and establishment of HSC cultures from bone marrow cells isolated from the future host, or a donor, or (b) the use of previously established long-term HSC cultures, which may be allogeneic or xenogeneic.
- Non-autologous HSC are used preferably in conjunction with a method of suppressing transplantation immune reactions of the future host/patient.
- human bone marrow cells can be obtained from the posterior iliac crest by needle aspiration (see, e.g.
- the HSCs can be made highly enriched or in substantially pure form. This enrichment can be accomplished before, during, or after long- term culturing, and can be done by any techniques known in the art. Long-term cultures of bone marrow cells can be established and maintained by using, for example, modified Dexter cell culture techniques (Dexter et al. , 1977, J. Cell Physiol. 91:335) or Witlock-Witte culture techniques (Witlock and Witte, 1982, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:3608-3612).
- the nucleic acid encoding E-cadherin or a derivative thereof is introduced into a cell prior to administration in vivo of the resulting recombinant cell.
- introduction can be carried out by any method known in the art, including but not limited to transfection, electroporation, microinjection, infection with a viral or bacteriophage vector containing the E-cadherin sequences, cell fusion, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, microcell- mediated gene transfer, spheroplast fusion, etc. Numerous techniques are known in the art for the introduction of foreign genes into cells (see e.g. , Cline, 1985, Pharmac. Ther.
- the technique should provide for the stable transfer of the heterologous gene sequence to the cell, so that the heterologous gene sequence is expressible by the cell and preferably heritable and expressible by its cell progeny.
- recombinant cells can be introduced by various methods known in the art (see Section 5.12 infra).
- epithelial cells are injected, e.g. , subcutaneously.
- recombinant skin cells may be applied as a skin graft onto the patient.
- Recombinant blood cells e.g. , hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells
- Recombinant blood cells are preferably administered intravenously.
- the amount of cells envisioned for use depends on the desired effect, patient state, etc. , and can be determined by one skilled in the art.
- E-cadherin or a derivative thereof is directly administered in vivo for therapeutic effect, whereby it is expressed to produce E-cadherin or a derivative thereof.
- This can be accomplished by any of numerous methods known in the art, e.g. , by constructing it as part of an appropriate nucleic acid expression vector and administering it so that it becomes intracellular, e.g. , by infection using a defective or attenuated retroviral or other viral vector (see U.S. Patent No.
- nucleic acid Therapeutic can be introduced intracellularly and incorporated within host cell DNA for expression, by homologous recombination.
- the present invention also provides the therapeutic or prophylactic use of nucleic acids of at least six nucleotides that are antisense to a gene or cDNA encoding a human E-cadherin protein or a portion thereof.
- Antisense refers to a nucleic acid capable of hybridizing to a portion of a human E-cadherin RNA (preferably mRNA) by virtue of some sequence
- antisense nucleic acids have utility as antagonists of E-cadherin function, and can be used where cell invasion is desired (e.g. , to promote nerve or other tissue regeneration).
- the antisense nucleic acids of the invention can be oligonucleotides that are double-stranded or single-stranded, RNA or DNA or a modification or derivative thereof, which can be directly administered to a cell, or which can be produced intracellularly by transcription of exogenous, introduced sequences.
- the invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of the E-cadherin antisense nucleic acids of the invention in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, as described in Section 5.12.
- the invention is directed to mediods for inhibiting the expression of a human E-cadherin nucleic acid sequence in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, comprising providing the cell with an effective amount of a composition comprising an antisense E-cadherin nucleic acid of the invention.
- the human E-cadherin antisense nucleic acids are of at least six nucleotides and are preferably oligonucleotides (ranging from 6 to about 50 oligonucleotides). In specific aspects, the oligonucleotide is at least 10
- the oligonucleotide has a sequence that is not identical or 100% complementary to any same-size portion of the mouse or chicken E-cadherin nucleotide coding sequences or flanking sequences.
- the antisense oligonucleotide is not 100% complementary to a same size nucleic acid having a sequence depicted in Figure 3 from nucleotide numbers 617-1036 or a portion thereof.
- the oligonucleotide is complementary to the nucleotide sequence encoding a domain or portion thereof of the human
- the oligonucleotides can be DNA or RNA or chimeric mixtures or derivatives or modified versions thereof, single-stranded or double- stranded.
- the oligonucleotide can be modified at the base moiety, sugar moiety, or phosphate backbone.
- the oligonucleotide may include other appending groups such as peptides, or agents facilitating transport across the cell membrane (see, e.g. , Letsinger et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:6553-6556;
- the antisense nucleic acid is antisense to a sequence encoding one or more domains of the E-cadherin protein.
- a human E-cadherin antisense oligonucleotide is provided, preferably of single-stranded DNA.
- such an oligonucleotide comprises a sequence antisense to me sequence encoding the extracellular domain of a human E-cadherin protein, or the repeat domain thereof.
- the oligonucleotide may be modified at any position on its structure with substituents generally known in the art.
- the E-cadherin antisense oligonucleotide may comprise at least one modified base moiety which is selected from the group including but not limited to 5-fluorouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-chlorouracil, 5-iodouracil,
- hypoxanthine xantine
- 4-acetylcytosine 5-(carboxyhydroxylmedhyl) uracil
- 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-d ⁇ iouridine 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluracil, dihydrouracil, beta-D-galactosylqueosine, inosine, N6-isopentenyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 1-methylinosine, 2,2-dimethylguanine.
- the oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified sugar moiety selected from the group including but not limited to arabinose, 2-fluoroarabinose, xylulose, and hexose.
- the oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified phosphate backbone selected from the group consisting of a phosphorothioate, a phosphorodithioate, a phosphoramidothioate, a
- the oligonucleotide is an ⁇ -anomeric oligonucleotide.
- An ⁇ -anomeric oligonucleotide forms specific double-stranded hybrids with complementary RNA in which, contrary to the usual ⁇ -units, the strands run parallel to each other (Gautier et al. , 1987, Nucl. Acids Res.
- the oligonucleotide may be conjugated to another molecule, e.g. , a peptide, hybridization triggered cross-linking agent, transport agent,
- Oligonucleotides of the invention may be synthesized by standard memods known in the art, e.g. by use of an automated DNA synthesizer (such as are commercially available from Biosearch, Applied Biosystems, etc.).
- an automated DNA synthesizer such as are commercially available from Biosearch, Applied Biosystems, etc.
- phosphorothioate oligos may be synthesized by the method of Stein et al. (1988, Nucl. Acids Res. 16:3209)
- methylphosphonate oligos can be prepared by use of controlled pore glass polymer supports (Sarin et al. , 1988. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:7448-7451 ), etc.
- the E-cadherin antisense oligonucleotide comprises catalytic RNA, or a ribozyme (see, e.g. , PCT International Publication WO 90/11364, published October 4, 1990; Sarver et al. , 1990, Science 247: 1222- 1225).
- the oligonucleotide is a 2'-0-med ⁇ ylribonucleotide (Inoue et al., 1987, Nucl. Acids Res. 15:6131-6148), or a chimeric RNA-DNA analogue (Inoue et al., 1987, FEBS Lett. 215:327-330).
- me E-cadherin antisense nucleic acid of the invention is produced intracellularly by transcription from an exogenous sequence.
- a vector can be introduced in vivo such that it is taken up by a cell, within which cell the vector or a portion thereof is transcribed, producing an antisense nucleic acid (RNA) of the invention.
- RNA antisense nucleic acid
- Such a vector would contain a sequence encoding the E-cadherin antisense nucleic acid.
- Such a vector can remain episomal or become chromosomally integrated, as long as it can be transcribed to produce the desired antisense RNA.
- Such vectors can be constructed by recombinant DNA technology mediods standard in the art.
- Vectors can be plasmid, viral, or others known in the art, used for replication and expression in mammalian cells.
- Expression of me sequence encoding the E-cadherin antisense RNA can be by any promoter known in the art to act in mammalian, preferably human, cells.
- Such promoters can be inducible or constitutive.
- Such promoters include but are not limited to: the SV40 early promoter region (Bernoist and Chambon, 1981 , Nature 290:304-310), the promoter contained in the 3' long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus
- the antisense nucleic acids of the invention comprise a sequence complementary to at least a portion of an RNA transcript of a human E-cadherin gene.
- absolute complementarity almough preferred, is not required.
- the ability to hybridize will depend on both the degree of complementarity and the length of the antisense nucleic acid.
- the longer the hybridizing nucleic acid the more base mismatches with a E-cadherin RNA it may contain and still form a stable duplex (or triplex, as the case may be).
- One skilled in the art can ascertain a tolerable degree of mismatch by use of standard procedures to determine the melting point of the hybridized complex. In another embodiment, 100% complementary sequences are envisioned.
- E-cadherin antisense nucleic acid which will be effective in the treatment of a particular disorder or condition will depend on the nature of the disorder or condition, and can be determined by standard clinical techniques.
- E-cadherin antisense nucleic acids can be administered by methods as described supra in Section 5.9. 5.1 1. DEMONSTRATION OF THERAPEUTIC
- the Therapeutics of the invention can be tested in vivo for the desired therapeutic or prophylactic activity.
- such compounds can be tested in suitable animal model systems prior to testing in humans, including but not limited to rats, mice, chicken, cows, monkeys, rabbits, etc.
- suitable animal model systems prior to testing in humans, including but not limited to rats, mice, chicken, cows, monkeys, rabbits, etc.
- any animal model system known in the art may be used.
- the invention provides methods of treatment (and prophylaxis) by administration to a subject of an effective amount of a Therapeutic of the invention.
- the Therapeutic is substantially purified.
- the subject is preferably an animal, including but not limited to animals such as cows, pigs, chickens, etc., and is preferably a mammal, and most preferably human.
- a Therapeutic of the invention e.g. , encapsulation in liposomes, microparticles, microcapsules, expression by recombinant cells, receptor-mediated endocytosis (see, e.g. , Wu and Wu, 1987, J. Biol. Chem. 262:4429-4432), construction of a Therapeutic nucleic acid as part of a retroviral or other vector, etc.
- Methods of introduction include but are not limited to intradermal, intramuscular,
- the compounds may be administered by any convenient route, for example by infusion or bolus injection, by absorption through epithelial or mucocutaneous linings (e.g. , oral mucosa, rectal and intestinal mucosa, etc.) and may be administered together with other biologically active agents. Administration can be systemic or local. In addition, it may be desirable to introduce the
- compositions of the invention into the central nervous system by any suitable route, including intraventricular and intrathecal injection;
- intraventricular injection may be facilitated by an intraventricular catheter, for example, attached to a reservoir, such as an Ommaya reservoir.
- a reservoir such as an Ommaya reservoir.
- liposomes targeted via antibodies to specific identifiable tumor antigens Leonetti et al., 1990. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:2448-2451; Renneisen et al., 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 16337-16342).
- the nucleic acid can be administered in vivo to promote expression of its encoded protein, by methods as described supra in Section 5.9.
- administer the Therapeutics of the invention may be desirable to administer the Therapeutics of the invention locally to the area in need of treatment; this may be achieved by, for example, and not by way of limitation, local infusion during surgery, topical application, e.g. , in conjunction with a wound dressing after surgery, by injection, by means of a catheter, by means of a suppository, or by means of an implant, said implant being of a porous, non-porous, or gelatinous material, including membranes, such as sialastic membranes, or fibers.
- administration can be by direct injection at the site (or former site) of a malignant tumor or neoplastic or pre-neoplastic tissue.
- the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions.
- compositions comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a Therapeutic, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
- a carrier includes but is not limited to saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
- the carrier and composition can be sterile. The formulation should suit the mode of administration.
- the composition can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents.
- the composition can be a liquid solution, suspension, emulsion, tablet, pill, capsule, sustained release formulation, or powder.
- the composition can be formulated as a suppository, with traditional binders and carriers such as triglycerides.
- Oral formulation can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc.
- the composition is formulated in accordance with routine procedures as a pharmaceutical composition adapted for intravenous administration to human beings.
- compositions for intravenous administration are solutions in sterile isotonic aqueous buffer.
- the composition may also include a solubilizing agent and a local anesthetic such as lignocaine to ease pain at the site of the injection.
- the ingredients are supplied either separately or mixed together in unit dosage form, for example, as a dry lyophilized powder or water free concentrate in a hermetically sealed container such as an ampoule or sachette indicating the quantity of active agent.
- the composition is to be administered by infusion, it can be dispensed with an infusion bottle containing sterile
- composition is administered by injection, an ampoule of sterile water for injection or saline can be provided so that the ingredients may be mixed prior to administration.
- the Therapeutics of the invention can be formulated as neutral or salt forms.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those formed with free amino groups such as those derived from hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic, oxalic, tartaric acids, etc., and diose formed with free carboxyl groups such as those derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, ferric hydroxides, isopropylamine, triemylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, etc.
- the amount of the Therapeutic of the invention which will be effective in the treatment of a particular disorder or condition will depend on the nature of the disorder or condition, and can be determined by standard clinical techniques. In addition, in vitro assays may optionally be employed to help identify optimal dosage ranges. The precise dose to be employed in the formulation will also depend on the route of administration, and the seriousness of the disease or disorder, and should be decided according to the judgment of the practitioner and each patient's circumstances. However, suitable dosage ranges for intravenous administration of a protein Therapeutic are generally about 20-500 micrograms of active compound per kilogram body weight. Suitable dosage ranges for intranasal administration are generally about 0.01 pg/kg body weight to 1 mg/kg body weight. Effective doses may be extrapolated from dose-response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.
- Suppositories generally contain active ingredient in the range of 0.5% to 10% by weight; oral formulations preferably contain 10% to 95% active ingredient.
- the invention also provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
- a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
- Optionally associated with such container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, which notice reflects approval by the agency of manufacture, use or sale for human administration.
- E-cadherin expression has diagnostic and prognostic utility.
- the loss of expression or improper localization of expressed E-cadherin correlates with severity and degree of differentiation in some cancers (see Shimoyama and Hirohashi, 1991 , Cancer Res. 51 :2185-2192).
- decreased expression or change in localization of E-cadherin in human tumor cells relative to the level of expression or localization, respectively, in non- malignant cells (preferably of the same cell type) indicates a poor prognosis and the presence of an invasive malignancy.
- an anti-human E-cadherin antibody is used diagnostically in conventional immunoperoxidase staining of a surgical specimen to predict metastatic potential of an epithelial cell cancer such as breast, prostate, ovarian, gastric, or squamous cell cancer.
- disorders of cell fate in particular precancerous conditions such as metaplasia and dysplasia, and hyperproliferative (e.g. , cancer) or
- hypoproliferative disorders involving aberrant or undesirable levels of expression or activity of a E-cadherin protein can be diagnosed by detecting such levels.
- human E-cadherin proteins, analogues, derivatives, and subsequences thereof, E-cadherin nucleic acids (and sequences complementary thereto), anti- human-E-cadherin protein antibodies, and other proteins and derivatives and analogs thereof which interact with human E-cadherin proteins, and inhibitors of such E-cadherin-protein interactions have uses in diagnostics.
- Such molecules can be used in assays, such as immunoassays, to detect, prognose, diagnose, or monitor various conditions, diseases, and disorders affecting E-cadherin expression, or monitor the treatment thereof.
- an immunoassay is carried out by a method comprising contacting a sample derived from a patient with an anti-human E-cadherin protein antibody under conditions such that immunospecific binding can occur, and detecting or measuring the amount of any immunospecific binding by the antibody.
- antibody to E-cadherin can be used to assay in a patient tissue or serum sample for the presence of E-cadherin where an aberrant level of E-cadherin is an indication of a diseased condition.
- the immunoassays which can be used include but are not limited to competitive and non-competitive assay systems using techniques such as western blots, radioimmunoassays, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), "sandwich” immunoassays, immunoprecipitation assays, precipitin reactions, gel diffusion precipitin reactions, immunodiffusion assays, agglutination assays, complement-fixation assays, immunoradiometric assays, fluorescent
- Human E-cadherin genes and related nucleic acid sequences and subsequences, including complementary sequences, can also be used in hybridization assays.
- Human E-cadherin nucleic acid sequences, or subsequences thereof comprising about at least 8 nucleotides can be used as hybridization probes.
- Hybridization assays can be used to detect, prognose, diagnose, or monitor conditions, disorders, or disease states associated with changes in human E-cadherin expression and/or activity as described supra.
- such a hybridization assay is carried out by a method comprising contacting a sample containing nucleic acid with a nucleic acid probe capable of hybridizing to human E-cadherin DNA or RNA, under conditions such that hybridization can occur, and detecting or measuring any resulting hybridization.
- E-cadherin nucleotide sequence are used in diagnostic PCR.
- a pair of purified oligonucleotide primers is provided: a first oligonucleotide having a sequence which is the same as a first portion of the nucleotide sequence depicted in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO: 1); and a second oligonucleotide having a sequence which is complementary to a second portion of the nucleotide sequence shown in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO: 1) and thus able to prime DNA synthesis off the opposite DNA strand from the first oligonucleotide: in which the second portion is situated 3' to the first portion in the sequence shown in Figure 3.
- oligonucleotides are then used as primers in PCR to amplify DNA fragments spanning from the first portion to the second portion in the E-cadherin gene, thus allowing the detection of full-length E-cadherin nucleic acids or portions thereof (depending on the identity of the primers and dius their position within the E-cadherin gene) in a sample from a patient.
- the characteristics (e.g. , size) of the amplified fragment, or the lack of any amplification, where differing from mat achieved with a wild- type human E-cadherin gene, can indicate the presence of an abnormality associated with a change in human E-cadherin gene sequence.
- primers from the noncoding regions, flanking the coding sequence are employed.
- the oligonucleotide primers are at least 15, and are preferably 18 or 24 nucleotides.
- the primers consist of nucleotide sequences that are not identical or complementary to any same-size fragment of the chicken or mouse E-cadherin cDNAs or the coding regions or flanking regions thereof. 6. ISOLATION OF HUMAN E-CADHERIN
- the amino-terminal processed region (leader sequence) is cleaved post-translationally to produce the mature protein.
- the SHAVS sequence shown to be necessary for homotypic interaction is identical in sequence and location to that seen in mouse and chicken.
- Human E-cadherin shows the same three internal repeat (putative Ca + + binding) structures seen in mouse with 79-86% similarity to the mouse sequence and 22-36% similarity between repeats.
- transmembrane binding domain are identically conserved as are the three consensus sequences for N-glycosylation in that region in spite of the fact that this region is less similar overall (69% homology).
- the other N-glycosylation sequence in the middle of the second repeat is conserved but not identical.
- the region with the highest similarity is the carboxy terminal region of the molecule with the 24 transmembrane amino acids showing 100% identity and the cytoplasmic domain showing 95% similarity.
- the human E-cadherin protein and domains thereof can be characterized as containing the following amino acids: Amino acids of Figure 3
- E-cadherin protein or portion thereof SEQ ID NO:2
- FLEC coding sequence clone
- the FLEC -encoded protein dius is missing amino acids 1 to about 145 of the sequence shown in Figure 3.
- the FLEC clone thus encodes the entire mature E-cadherin protein sequence (amino acids 151-878 of Fig. 3), but differs in me protein sequence corresponding to the amino-terminal processed region of human E-cadherin.
- a full-length human E-cadherin coding sequence can be generated from bsFLEC and bsL5.1 (both deposited with the ATCC; see Section 10).
- Both bsFLEC and bsL5. 1 represent E-cadherin sequences cloned in "bluescript phagemid II" from Stratgene Inc.
- L5.1 represents the 5 ' end of the E-cadherin clone (see Fig. 4) and is cloned into the EcoR1 site of the plasmid.
- bsFLEC is cloned between the EcoR1 and Xhol sites.
- Clone e250 contains nucleotide numbers 589-832 of me human E-cadherin sequence (Fig. 2; SEQ ID NO: 1 ). The e250-encoded protein thus contains the HAV binding domain, and is expected to competitively inhibit homotypic binding of E-cadherin. Clone e250 was made by subcloning a
- Clone cyto 20 contains nucleotide numbers 2297-2750 of the human E-cadherin sequence (Fig. 2; SEQ ID NO: 1). Clone cyto 20 was made by performing PCR with 16-mer primers just 5' and just 3' of nucleotide numbers 2297-2749 in Figure 3. The primers were designed so as to incorporate an in-frame BamHI site at nucleotide number 2296. The PCR-amplified product was then cleaved with BamHI and subcloned into pGEX-3X. Expression in E. coli HB101 yielded a 42 kd fusion protein as detected by SDS-PAGE.
- Fusion proteins were produced and purified by affinity chromatography according to standard procedures (Smith and Johnson, 1988, Gene 67:31-40) and utilized for immunization of rabbits (for polyclonal antibody production) and of mice (for monoclonal antibody production).
- the polyclonal antibodies thus obtained were tested against native human E-cadherin in colonic extracts and in extracts from a number of cell lines and were shown to bind with high affinity.
- lymph nodes or spleen were taken for fusion with myeloma cells after only one immunization and one boost.
- the initial injection of fusion protein into mice was in Freund's complete adjuvant; the boost was given 13 days later in Freund's incomplete adjuvant.
- the lymph nodes or spleen were taken, and fusions with myeloma cells were performed, generating hybridomas for screening.
- the hybridomas were screened for reactivity with the fusion protein used as immunogen, and ten candidate hybridomas were identified as reactive with the e250-encoded protein, and are subject to verification.
- accession numbers accession numbers 1201 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20852, under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedures, and assigned the indicated accession numbers.
- E. coli HB101 bsFLEC (containing FLEC) 69123
- E. coli HB101 bsL5.1 (containing L5.1) 69122
- GGC AGA GTG AAT TTT GAA GAT TGC ACC GGT CGA CAA AGG ACA GCT ATT 310 Gly Arg Val Asn Phe Glu Asp Cys Thr Gly Arg Gln Arg Thr Ala lle
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne des séquences de nucléotides du gène humain de la cadhérine E et des séquences d'acides aminés de la protéine codée de la cadhérine E. L'invention concerne aussi des fragments et d'autres dérivés ainsi que des analogues de la protéine de la cadhérine E humaine, ainsi que des anticorps les concernant. Les acides nucléiques codant de tels fragments ou dérivés font également partie de l'invention, de même que des acides nucléiques antisens de la cadhérine E humaine. On décrit la production de ces protéines et dérivés, par exemple par génie génétique. Dans des variantes spécifiques, l'invention concerne des dérivés et analogues de l'invention liés à la protéine de la cadhérine E humaine qui se révèlent fonctionnellement actifs ou comprennent un ou plusieurs domaines d'une protéine de la cadhérine E humaine, englobant notamment la région traitée du terminal amino, le domaine de liaison homotypique HAV (His-Ala-Val), un ou plusieurs des trois domaines de répétition, la région transmembranaire, la région extracellulaire, le domaine cytoplasmique et l'une ou l'autre de leurs combinaisons. L'invention concerne enfin des procédés thérapeutiques et diagnostiques et des compositions à base de protéines et d'acides nucléiques de cadhérine E.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU56694/94A AU5669494A (en) | 1992-11-17 | 1993-11-16 | Human homolog of the e-cadherin gene and methods based thereon |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US97889792A | 1992-11-17 | 1992-11-17 | |
US978,897 | 1992-11-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994011401A1 true WO1994011401A1 (fr) | 1994-05-26 |
Family
ID=25526497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1993/011097 WO1994011401A1 (fr) | 1992-11-17 | 1993-11-16 | Homologue humain du gene de la cadherine e et procedes d'utilisation |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU5669494A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1994011401A1 (fr) |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995029693A1 (fr) * | 1994-05-03 | 1995-11-09 | Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Methodes et compositions permettant de moduler les interactions heterotypiques entre la e-cadherine et des lymphocytes t |
WO1996002002A1 (fr) * | 1994-07-08 | 1996-01-25 | Schalken Jack A | Analyse servant a deceler une augmentation du pouvoir envahissant de cellules epitheliales |
EP0821060A2 (fr) * | 1996-07-24 | 1998-01-28 | GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH | Diagnostic et thérapie des tumeurs malignes humaines basés sur des mutations d'E-cadherin |
WO1999016791A2 (fr) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-04-08 | Adherex Inc. | Composes et procedes de regulation d'adherence cellulaire |
WO1999033875A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-08 | Mcgill University | Composes et procedes servant a moduler la stabilite synaptique |
WO2000002917A2 (fr) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-20 | Adherex Technologies, Inc. | Composes permettant de moduler des fonctions induites par la cadherine et techniques afferentes |
US6057423A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 2000-05-02 | Brigham & Women's Hospital, Inc. | Integrin alpha subunit |
US6149902A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 2000-11-21 | Yale University | Manipulation of non-terminally differentiated cells using the notch pathway |
US6207639B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2001-03-27 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating neurite outgrowth |
US6326352B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2001-12-04 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US6333307B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2001-12-25 | Mcgill University | Compounds and method for modulating neurite outgrowth |
US6346512B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2002-02-12 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US6358920B1 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2002-03-19 | Adherex Technologies | Compounds and methods for modulating nonclassical cadherin-mediated functions |
US6417325B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2002-07-09 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for cancer therapy |
US6436650B1 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2002-08-20 | Yale University | Activated forms of notch and methods based thereon |
US6465427B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2002-10-15 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US6562786B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2003-05-13 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating apoptosis |
US6610821B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2003-08-26 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating endothelial cell adhesion |
US6638911B1 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2003-10-28 | Adherex Technologies Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating desmosomal cadherin-mediated functions |
US6692919B1 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2004-02-17 | Yale University | Activated forms of notch and methods based thereon |
US6723320B2 (en) | 1996-07-24 | 2004-04-20 | Gsf Forschungszentrum Fur Umwelt Und Geshundheit Gmbh | Mutations of E cadherin as a basis for the diagnosis and therapy of human malignant tumors |
US7122623B2 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2006-10-17 | Adherex Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US7452537B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2008-11-18 | Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | P-cadherin antibodies |
US7476509B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2009-01-13 | Adherex Technologies Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating functions of nonclassical cadherins |
US7481999B2 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2009-01-27 | Adherex Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating OB-cadherin-mediated function |
US7569668B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2009-08-04 | Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor Biotechnologie Vzw | Method to control tumor progression and invasiveness |
EP2172218A1 (fr) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-04-07 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Procédé de dépistage d'un patient auquel il faut administrer un agent pharmaceutique renfermant un anticorps anticancéreux en tant que principe actif |
US8039595B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2011-10-18 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Glycoengineered, recombinant antibody to CCR-4 with reduced fucosylation |
WO2012058418A2 (fr) | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Compositions ciblant le domaine extracellulaire soluble de l'e-cadhérine et méthodes de thérapie anticancéreuse apparentées |
US8679491B2 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2014-03-25 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Method of modulating the activity of functional immune molecules |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991004745A1 (fr) * | 1989-09-27 | 1991-04-18 | Athena Neurosciences, Inc. | Compositions pour inhiber l'adherence cellulaire et methodes d'utilisation |
WO1992017608A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-15 | Walter Birchmeier | Procede de detection de la differentiation et de l'invasivite de cellules de carcinomes |
-
1993
- 1993-11-16 WO PCT/US1993/011097 patent/WO1994011401A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1993-11-16 AU AU56694/94A patent/AU5669494A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991004745A1 (fr) * | 1989-09-27 | 1991-04-18 | Athena Neurosciences, Inc. | Compositions pour inhiber l'adherence cellulaire et methodes d'utilisation |
WO1992017608A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-15 | Walter Birchmeier | Procede de detection de la differentiation et de l'invasivite de cellules de carcinomes |
Non-Patent Citations (16)
Title |
---|
CELL, Vol. 34, issued September 1983, C.H. DAMSKY et al., "Identification and Purification of a Cell Surface Glycoprotein Mediating Intercellular Adhesion in Embryonic and Adult Tissue", pages 455-466. * |
CELL, Vol. 61, issued 06 April 1990, A. NOSE et al., "Localization of Specificity Determining Sites in Cadherin Cell Adhesion Molecules", pages 147-155. * |
CELL, Vol. 63, issued 20 November 1990, M. OZAWA et al., "Single Amino Acid Substitutions in One Ca2+ Binding Site of Uvomorulin Abolish the Adhesive Function", pages 1033-1038. * |
DEVELOPMENT, Vol. 102, issued April 1988, M. TAKEICHI, "The Cadherins: Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecules Controlling Animal Morphogenesis", pages 639-655. * |
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, Vol. 152, issued 1992, K. SHIMAMURA et al., "E-Cadherin Expression in a Particular Subset of Sensory Neurons", pages 242-254. * |
DIFFERENTIATION, Vol. 38, No. 1, issued June 1988, A. MANSOURI et al., "Characterization and Chromosomal Location of the Gene Encoding the Human Cell Adhesion Molecule Uvomorulin", pages 67-71. * |
E. HARLOW et al., "Antibodies a Laboratory Manual", published 1988, by COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY (COLD SPRING HARBOR, NEW YORK), pages 72-77, 92-97, 128-135, and 141-157. * |
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Vol. 34, issued 1987, M.J. WHEELOCK et al., "Soluble 80-kd Fragment of Cell-CAM 120/80 Disrupts Cell-Cell Adhesion", pages 187-202. * |
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol. 85, issued 1963, R.B. MERRIFIELD, "Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. I. The Synthesis of a Tetrapeptide", pages 2149-2154. * |
L.S. GOODMAN et al., "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics", published 1975, by MACMILLAN PUBLISHING CO., INC. (NEW YORK), pages 1-46. * |
NATURE, Vol. 329, issued 24 September 1987, A. NAGAFUCHI et al., "Transformation of Cell Adhesion Properties by Exogenously Introduced E-Cadherin cDNA", pages 341-343. * |
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, Vol. 19, No. 23, issued 1991, M. RINGWALD et al., "The Structure of the Gene Encoding for the Mouse Cell Adhesion Molecule Uvomorulin", pages 6533-6539. * |
SCIENCE, Vol. 251, issued 22 March 1991, M. TAKEICHI, "Cadherin Cell Adhesion Receptors as a Morphogenetic Regulator", pages 1451-1455. * |
THE EMBO JOURNAL, Vol. 6, No. 12, issued 1987, M. RINGWALD et al., "The Structure of Cell Adhesion Molecule Uvomorulin. Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Ca2+-Dependent Cell Adhesion", pages 3647-3653. * |
THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY, Vol. 108, No. 6, issued June 1989, J. BEHRENS et al., "Dissecting Tumor Cell Invasion: Epithelial Cells Acquire Invasive Properties after the Loss of Uvomorulin-Mediated Cell-Cell Adhesion", pages 2435-2447. * |
THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY, Vol. 113, No. 1, issued April 1991, U.H. FRIXEN et al., "E-Cadherin-Mediated Cell-Cell Adhesion Prevents Adhesiveness of Human Carcinoma Cells", pages 173-185. * |
Cited By (69)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6455042B1 (en) | 1994-02-18 | 2002-09-24 | The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Method of treating ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease by administering an antibody toαEβ7 integrin |
US6063906A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 2000-05-16 | Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Antibodies to integrin alpha subunit |
US6057423A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 2000-05-02 | Brigham & Women's Hospital, Inc. | Integrin alpha subunit |
US5610281A (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 1997-03-11 | Brigham & Women's Hospital, Inc. | Antibodies for modulating heterotypic E-cadherin interactions with human T lymphocytes |
US6300080B1 (en) | 1994-05-03 | 2001-10-09 | Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Methods and compositions for modulating heterotypic E-cadherin interactions with T lymphocytes |
WO1995029693A1 (fr) * | 1994-05-03 | 1995-11-09 | Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Methodes et compositions permettant de moduler les interactions heterotypiques entre la e-cadherine et des lymphocytes t |
US7029676B2 (en) | 1994-05-03 | 2006-04-18 | The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Methods and compositions for modulating heterotypic E-cadherin interactions with T lymphocytes |
WO1996002002A1 (fr) * | 1994-07-08 | 1996-01-25 | Schalken Jack A | Analyse servant a deceler une augmentation du pouvoir envahissant de cellules epitheliales |
US6149902A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 2000-11-21 | Yale University | Manipulation of non-terminally differentiated cells using the notch pathway |
US6780845B2 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2004-08-24 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for cancer therapy |
US6967238B2 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2005-11-22 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US6326352B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2001-12-04 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US6169071B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2001-01-02 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US6562786B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2003-05-13 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating apoptosis |
US6207639B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2001-03-27 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating neurite outgrowth |
US7122623B2 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2006-10-17 | Adherex Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US6610821B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2003-08-26 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating endothelial cell adhesion |
US6914044B2 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2005-07-05 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US6465427B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2002-10-15 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US6333307B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2001-12-25 | Mcgill University | Compounds and method for modulating neurite outgrowth |
US6346512B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2002-02-12 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating cell adhesion |
US7138369B2 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2006-11-21 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for modulating apoptosis |
US6417325B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2002-07-09 | Mcgill University | Compounds and methods for cancer therapy |
EP0821060A2 (fr) * | 1996-07-24 | 1998-01-28 | GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH | Diagnostic et thérapie des tumeurs malignes humaines basés sur des mutations d'E-cadherin |
EP0821060A3 (fr) * | 1996-07-24 | 2001-06-27 | GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH | Diagnostic et thérapie des tumeurs malignes humaines basés sur des mutations d'E-cadherin |
US6723320B2 (en) | 1996-07-24 | 2004-04-20 | Gsf Forschungszentrum Fur Umwelt Und Geshundheit Gmbh | Mutations of E cadherin as a basis for the diagnosis and therapy of human malignant tumors |
US6436650B1 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2002-08-20 | Yale University | Activated forms of notch and methods based thereon |
US7727732B2 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2010-06-01 | Yale University | Methods for identifying modulators of Notch activation |
US8222213B2 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2012-07-17 | Yale University | Activated amino- and carboxy-terminal forms of Notch |
US6692919B1 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2004-02-17 | Yale University | Activated forms of notch and methods based thereon |
WO1999016791A3 (fr) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-05-20 | Adherex Inc | Composes et procedes de regulation d'adherence cellulaire |
US6203788B1 (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2001-03-20 | Adherex Inc. | Compounds and methods for regulating cell adhesion |
US7326686B2 (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2008-02-05 | Adherex Inc. | Compounds and methods for regulating cell adhesion |
WO1999016791A2 (fr) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-04-08 | Adherex Inc. | Composes et procedes de regulation d'adherence cellulaire |
WO1999033875A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-08 | Mcgill University | Composes et procedes servant a moduler la stabilite synaptique |
US6962969B2 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2005-11-08 | Adherex Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating nonclassical cadherin-mediated functions |
US6638911B1 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2003-10-28 | Adherex Technologies Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating desmosomal cadherin-mediated functions |
US6358920B1 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2002-03-19 | Adherex Technologies | Compounds and methods for modulating nonclassical cadherin-mediated functions |
US7481999B2 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2009-01-27 | Adherex Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating OB-cadherin-mediated function |
WO2000002917A3 (fr) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-05-04 | Adherex Technologies Inc | Composes permettant de moduler des fonctions induites par la cadherine et techniques afferentes |
US6472368B1 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2002-10-29 | Adherex Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating adhesion molecule function |
US6277824B1 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2001-08-21 | Adherex Technologies | Compounds and methods for modulating adhesion molecule function |
WO2000002917A2 (fr) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-20 | Adherex Technologies, Inc. | Composes permettant de moduler des fonctions induites par la cadherine et techniques afferentes |
US6806255B2 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2004-10-19 | Adherex Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating adhesion molecule function |
US10233247B2 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2019-03-19 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Method of modulating the activity of functional immune molecules |
US8679491B2 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2014-03-25 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Method of modulating the activity of functional immune molecules |
US10233475B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2019-03-19 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Antibody composition-producing cell |
US8895266B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2014-11-25 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Antibody composition-producing cell |
US9409982B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2016-08-09 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Antibody composition-producing cell |
US8039595B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2011-10-18 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Glycoengineered, recombinant antibody to CCR-4 with reduced fucosylation |
US8067232B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2011-11-29 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Antibody composition-producing cell with inactivated A-1,6-fusocyltransferase |
US8101185B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2012-01-24 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Anti-il-5 antibody composition exhibiting cellular cytotoxicity due to glycosylation |
US8110195B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2012-02-07 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Antibody composition exhibiting cellular cytotoxicity due to glycosylation and containing ganglioside GM2 binding antibody |
US8158760B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2012-04-17 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Glycoengineered, recombinant antibody |
US8367407B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2013-02-05 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Cells with altered fucosylation and producing antibodies therefrom |
US8329443B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2012-12-11 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Antibody composition-producing cell |
US7569668B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2009-08-04 | Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor Biotechnologie Vzw | Method to control tumor progression and invasiveness |
US7476509B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2009-01-13 | Adherex Technologies Inc. | Compounds and methods for modulating functions of nonclassical cadherins |
US7928214B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2011-04-19 | Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | P-cadherin antibodies |
US8974781B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2015-03-10 | Pfizer Inc. | P-cadherin antibodies |
US7452537B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2008-11-18 | Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | P-cadherin antibodies |
US8642032B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2014-02-04 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Method for screening of patient to be administered with pharmaceutical agent comprising anti-cancer antibody as active ingredient |
EP2172218A4 (fr) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-08-18 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co Ltd | Procédé de dépistage d'un patient auquel il faut administrer un agent pharmaceutique renfermant un anticorps anticancéreux en tant que principe actif |
EP2172218A1 (fr) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-04-07 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. | Procédé de dépistage d'un patient auquel il faut administrer un agent pharmaceutique renfermant un anticorps anticancéreux en tant que principe actif |
WO2012058418A2 (fr) | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Compositions ciblant le domaine extracellulaire soluble de l'e-cadhérine et méthodes de thérapie anticancéreuse apparentées |
EP2632489A2 (fr) * | 2010-10-27 | 2013-09-04 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Compositions ciblant le domaine extracellulaire soluble de l'e-cadhérine et méthodes de thérapie anticancéreuse apparentées |
JP2014500862A (ja) * | 2010-10-27 | 2014-01-16 | ザ リサーチ ファウンデーション オブ ステイト ユニバーシティ オブ ニューヨーク | E−カドヘリンの可溶性細胞外ドメインを標的とする組成物および癌治療のための関連方法 |
CN103582494A (zh) * | 2010-10-27 | 2014-02-12 | 纽约州立大学研究基金会 | 靶向e-钙粘着蛋白的可溶性细胞外结构域的组合物和用于癌症治疗的有关方法 |
EP2632489A4 (fr) * | 2010-10-27 | 2014-06-18 | Univ New York State Res Found | Compositions ciblant le domaine extracellulaire soluble de l'e-cadhérine et méthodes de thérapie anticancéreuse apparentées |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5669494A (en) | 1994-06-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO1994011401A1 (fr) | Homologue humain du gene de la cadherine e et procedes d'utilisation | |
CA2226087C (fr) | Sequences nucleotidiques et proteiques de genes delta de vertebres et procedes fondes sur ces dernieres | |
CA2214830C (fr) | Sequences nucleotidiques et proteiques du gene dentele chez les vertebres et procedes fondes sur ces sequences | |
CA2145778C (fr) | Methodes therapeutiques et diagnostiques, et composes analogues ou derives d'acides nucleiques et de proteines notch | |
US5928884A (en) | FHIT proteins and nucleic acids and methods based thereon | |
WO1997029119A1 (fr) | Proteines et acides nucleiques fhit et procedes afferents | |
US5750652A (en) | Deltex proteins | |
US5637471A (en) | Therapeutic and diagnostic methods and compositions based on transducin-like enhancer of split proteins and nucleic acids | |
WO1994007522A9 (fr) | Procedes therapeutiques et diagnostiques et compositions a base d'activateur de type transducine de proteines fractionnees et d'acides nucleiques | |
AU728798B2 (en) | Vertebrate deltex proteins, nucleic acids, and antibodies, and related methods and compositions | |
WO1997018822A9 (fr) | Proteines, acides nucleiques et anticorps deltex de vertebres, et procedes et compositions relatifs a ceux-ci | |
US5874290A (en) | Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of a D2-2 gene associated with brain tumors and methods based thereon | |
US5990294A (en) | Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of C4-2, a tumor suppressor gene, and methods of use thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU BB BG BR BY CA CZ FI HU JP KR KZ LK LV MG MN MW NO NZ PL RO RU SD SK UA UZ VN |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |