WO1994010443A1 - Machine volumetrique pour fluides equipee de pistons sans bielles - Google Patents
Machine volumetrique pour fluides equipee de pistons sans bielles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994010443A1 WO1994010443A1 PCT/IT1993/000113 IT9300113W WO9410443A1 WO 1994010443 A1 WO1994010443 A1 WO 1994010443A1 IT 9300113 W IT9300113 W IT 9300113W WO 9410443 A1 WO9410443 A1 WO 9410443A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pistons
- liners
- axis
- fluid machine
- volumetric fluid
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/22—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2035—Cylinder barrels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/22—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
- F04B1/24—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons inclined to the main shaft axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
Definitions
- volumetric fluid machine equipped with pistons without connecting rods .
- the invention relates to a volumetric fluid machine, endothermic or not, equipped with pistons, having recipro ⁇ cating movement in the liner block without connecting rods, rigidly connected to the driving shaft or not, name- ly a pump, compressor and/or an engine, which can also be endothermic, that while functioning, achieves a displace ⁇ ment by means of pistons connected to the driving shaft without oscillating connecting rods.
- the displacement can, furthermore, be changed as wished if necessary.
- the state of the art in the field of endothermic en ⁇ gines comprises: engines with alternating pistons which are connected to the crankshaft with connecting rods; the volumetric lobe engine ( ankel), with rotor eccentric to the driving shaft, or engines which have axial pistons, i.e. parallel to the driving shaft and driven in the al ⁇ ternating motion with a circular sloped course in order to achieve the axial displacement of the piston and which do not have high performance.
- the pistons in line, mount ⁇ ed axially, either with oscillating barrel or with oscil ⁇ lating plate, or mounted be radially.
- pistons are connected to the driving shaft with connecting rods, which oscillate on a surface perpendicular to said shaft, or with connecting rods, in the case of axial pistons, which oscillate when running on a conoid surface, because the inclination of course of the big end of the connecting rod has a varia- tion of range, while the small end is driven into the lin- er by the piston.
- the sealing parts have a short life due to the heavy wear to which these are subject, with loss of compression and, therefore, loss of efficiency.
- the use of special materials is required which are very expensive and difficult to obtain.
- pumps/engines for compressible fluids the disadvantages are the same as those caused by the con ⁇ necting rods in endothermic engines, with low efficiency due to mechanical friction produced by these connecting rods, and high weight, dimensions and costs.
- pumps/engines for incompressible fluids typ ⁇ ically for hydrostatic trensmissions, but also for the pumping of other liquids, the various disigns, offer dis ⁇ tinguishing inconveniences, such as: pumps/engines with radial cylinders or in line cylinders, whilst providing fairly good performance, have large dimensions and high construction costs; pumps/engines with axial cylinders, are subdivided in the two following categories: cylinders with inclined barrel, as regards the axis of the shaft, or with inclined plate for the guidance of the big end and cylinders which are parallel to the axis of the shaft.
- Such state of the art may be subject to large improve ⁇ ments as regards: improving the characteristcs of the mechanisms of reciprocating volumetric engines by increas ⁇ ing efficiency in all conditions, reducing weight, dimen ⁇ sion and construction costs.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned tech ⁇ nical problem by adopting: a volumetric machine for fluids, including mobile pistons inside liners with non-linear development, which are ma- chined, or not, in a rotating liner block on an axis that can be coinciding or intersecting with the axis of the shaft, from the side of its concavity; the pistons rotate with the liners, but on an inclined axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the liners or passing through the same center, without the interposition of elements having alternate motion; adopting, furthemore: the liners are of arched form and with center of curvature on their axis of rotation, that can be coinciding or passing, in the same center of curva- ture, as the axis of driving shaft; the pistons rotate in syncronism with the liners, but on an inclined axis coin ⁇ ciding with the axis of rotation of the liners or passing through the same center curvature; adopting: the variation
- Adopting in the case of a volumetric machine for fluids: either the piston-holder plate or the liner block keyed or rigidly connected to the shaft; adopting: pistons with head connected rigidly to the shank, which is in turn rigidly connected to the rotating plate that can be inclinable, inclined, or not adopting: oscillating piston heads with contact surface with the shank and contact surface with head of the con ⁇ necting bolt, also spherical and concentric; adopting: the variation of the displacement obtained by varying the inclination between pistons and liners, bear ⁇ ing on the plate whose rear surface is a cylindrical surface with axis of rotation that passes through in the same point of intersection between the axis of rotation of the liner block and pistons.
- the pumps of the hydraulic circuits can work in ⁇ differently in both open circuit and closed circuit at the same speed of rotation, as there are no components of ar ⁇ ticulated elements (typically connecting rods) that could disconnect and centrifugate; the feeding of the closed circuit is obtainable also directly without the tradition ⁇ al use of the so called charge pumps; in the combination of more pumps for different hydraulic circuits the pairing of more pumps on one same shaft is easily achieved and with reduced dimensions; each of these pumps is sized and/or adjusted for the particular requirements of the circuit, avoiding the use of expensive mechanical couples.
- Figure 1 shows a sec ⁇ tion of an internal combustion engine, with four pistons and four-stroke cycle, in accordance with the invention
- Figure 2 is the side view of distribution plate faced on to the block of rotating liners
- Figure 3 is a partial section of an ignition device of a two-stroke engine
- Fig ⁇ ure 4 and figure 5 are views according to two lateral di ⁇ rections at 90° of the curved piston
- Figure 6 is the lon ⁇ gitudinal section of a pump/engine or compressor for fluids, with variable displacement in both directions, with rotating and inclinable block of liners.
- Figure 7 is partial view from the supply side of the plate of inclina ⁇ tion and of the distribution of fluid to the block of ro ⁇ tating liners;
- Figure 8 is the section of a piston with oscillating head;
- Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of a pump/engine for fluids, the same as Figure 6, but with an inclinable piston holder plate instead of the liner block;
- Figure 10 and 11 are the same views of Figure 4 and 5 but for a piston not for internal combustion engine;
- Figure 12 is a side view of a spherical piston;
- Figure 13 is the longitudinal section of a pump/engine for fluids, the same as Figures 6 and 9, without inversion of motion of fluid;
- Figure 14 is a longitudinal section of a pump/engine for fluids, the same as the previous Figure with both mecha ⁇ nisms having a variable displacement.
- 1 ( Figure 1) is the drive shaft that rotates on bearings in the casing 2 of the endothermic engine and positioned on each end 3 of the shaft, each of which is coupled with piston pin 4 to the corrisponding curved piston 5; this last piston is driven from the mentioned ends to move inside the liners, which are machined in the rotating liner block 7; with 8 the distribution plate, rotating on the ring 9; with 10 and 11 the exhaust pipe and induction pipe; with 12 the head, equipped with ignition plug 13, which is facing the piston in a position of maximum compression, through an anti-wear ring 14 and the combustion chamber 15, which is machined in the thickness of the distribution plate; with 17 the spring for the recovery of clearances for the sealing be- tween distribution plate 8 and the liner block 7 , which bears on the spherical articulation 18 of the centering block of the shaft; with 19 guide bearings of the tube 20 the distribution plate, comanded through internal coaxial shaft 21 rotating with the liner block 7 and through re-
- the indica ⁇ tions are as follow: with 37 ( Figure 6) a drive shaft of the pumps/engine or volumetric compressor on which the piston holder plate 39 is splined, by means of a splined profile 38; the pistons are screwed on to the plate by means of a thread; with 40 the piston shank has a central hole 41 of compensation of the axial hydraulic thrusts, it has a head with a spherical swelling 42 and a seal ring 43 with external spherical swelling; the above mentioned pistons are driven into the liners 44 of the rotating lin ⁇ er block 45, which is driven to the mentioned shaft 37 through a ball joint 46; with 47 the end clearances of the compensation springs acting on the mentioned joint and against the plate 39, which slides against the anti-wear lining 48 to which the compensation cavities 49 of the ax ⁇ ial hydraulic thrust are facing; with 50 the hole for the passage of the fluid from the liner to the distribution cap 51, equipped with slots 52 and ports 53,
- Figures are as follows; with 62 the curved piston, mobile in the liners of the block 63, which has feding holes, facing the cover 65 with feeding lines of the fluid; with 66 a piston holder plate driven from the ball joint 46 and facing a corrisponding inclinable cap 67, with a parallel surface 68, against a block inserted 69 inside the housing 58; with 70 the central axis of a curvature of the liners; with 71 ( Figure 10) the seating of the seal ring 43 and with 72 the axis of the piston shank 40.
- the indications shown are the following: with 73 ( Figure 13) a plate which is splined on the shaft 37 by means of a splined profile, and supports two series of pistons, which are connected to the plate and which are opposed to one another, equipped with axial holes 74 for connection of the corrisponding chambers of the liners; with 75 a liner block without feeding lines, rotating like block 45, but diesel cycle, starts the combustion through the special chamber 15 or 35, in the case of two-stroke engines that have the distribution plate fixed to the cyl ⁇ inder head 12; the drive of the coaxial driving shaft 21, together with the gears 22,23 and 24, halve the rotation, because of the distribution plate control 8, through sleeve 20.
- the coolant is sucked from the radiator through the pipe 25 and is conducted into the liner block 7 through the hollow shaft 21; the holes 27 riceive the coolant by means of radial ducts, which are not shown in the drawing, that are situated between .the liners: the coolant is therefore centrifugated by the rotation of the liner block and fills the internal volume of casing 2 then hot it flows out into tubes that are not shown in the drawing to ⁇ wards the radiator; the coolant, by means of the cavity wall between the sleeve 20 and the coaxial shaft 21, cools the central part of the distribution plate 8 and with the ducts it also cools the manifolds.
- the functioning of the pump/engine or compressor for fluid referred to the second embodiment carried out occurs in the following way: the fluid under pressure, flowing in the ducts 54 and 55 and crossing the slots 52, the parts 53 and the holes 50, enters the liners 44; the action on the surface of the piston head 42 is distributed with re- lation to the position of the seal ring 43, i.e.
- the rotation that is imparted to the piston-holder plate 39 is transmitted to the driv ⁇ ing shaft 37 by splined fitting 38: the cavities 49, which are held at the same pressure of the liners 44 by the hole 41, balance the axial hydraulic thrusts on the mentioned plate and on the pistons; the Belleville washers 47 close the end clearances between the liner block 45, the cap 51, and the housing 58: the preloading is considerably superi- or to the force generated during the suction of the fluid at atmospheric pressure.
- the variation of displacement and, therefore, a major versatility during use is possible by changing the inclination of the cap 51 by sliding on the cylindrical surface 57.
- the head of the oscillating piston 59 for the employment of large angles between the axis of rotation of the pistons and of the liners with, is always balanced, because the center of oscillation is out of the piston and inside the fluid.
- usual pistons have the piston pin situaded a considerable dis- tance from the surface in contact with the fluid.
- the keying position to the shaft 37 is inverted: i.e., it is the liner block 63 that drives the couple: this disposition generates a radial component for the piston heads 62, rapidly wearing out the liners.
- the curved piston with head 62 results to be more adapted for disposition with a high angle of inclination between the axis even if it is more difficult to construct. Also for - -
- Figures 13 and 14 show two realizations for pumps/engines or compressor for fluids, for use in different fields: the first is a pump/engine with one series of pistons of vari ⁇ able displacement and the other series of fixed displace ⁇ ment, without inversion of direction of the fluid; the second is equipped with both series of pistons with vari ⁇ able displacement and inversion of flow, as indicated by the arrows next to the feeding lines 54,55 is possible; the caps 51 and/or 76 are inclined through external con ⁇ trol with well known mechanisms.
- the piston-holder plate 73 keyed on the driving-shaft 37 balances the axial thrust between the opposing liners 44 and with the axial holes 74 being in the pistons, less work is done by the fluid in passing through.
- the operation as a pump/compressor can comfortably occur for all the angles of the cap (51 and/or 76), while when functioning as an engine, due to the known impossibility of zero setting the displacement, the angle must not be too reduced.
- the displacement in the mechanism of figure 13 must not be completely zeroed: the cap 76 must not be placed with opposed inclination to that figure; the displacement in the mechanism of figure 14 must not be varied by control ⁇ ling the caps 76 and 51 with inverted sincronism and caus ⁇ ing the caps 76 and 51 to become parallel whereby the displacement is zero: they must be inclined as in the drawing or in an opposite way due to ensure flow of fluid in both directions respectively.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93924794A EP0682748A1 (fr) | 1992-10-30 | 1993-10-29 | Machine volumetrique pour fluides equipee de pistons sans bielles |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002145766A CA2145766A1 (fr) | 1992-09-14 | 1992-10-30 | Machine volumetrique a pistons sans bielles |
PCT/IT1992/000134 WO1994010442A1 (fr) | 1992-10-30 | 1992-10-30 | Machine volumetrique pour fluides equipee de pistons sans bielles |
CZ951102A CZ110295A3 (en) | 1992-09-14 | 1992-10-30 | Volumetric liquid apparatus |
ATPCT/IT92/00134 | 1992-10-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994010443A1 true WO1994010443A1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 |
Family
ID=27169982
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IT1992/000134 WO1994010442A1 (fr) | 1992-09-14 | 1992-10-30 | Machine volumetrique pour fluides equipee de pistons sans bielles |
PCT/IT1993/000113 WO1994010443A1 (fr) | 1992-10-30 | 1993-10-29 | Machine volumetrique pour fluides equipee de pistons sans bielles |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IT1992/000134 WO1994010442A1 (fr) | 1992-09-14 | 1992-10-30 | Machine volumetrique pour fluides equipee de pistons sans bielles |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN1043437C (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9207174A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2145766A1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ110295A3 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL169513B1 (fr) |
WO (2) | WO1994010442A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7470116B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2008-12-30 | Bosch Rexroth Ag | Axial piston machine |
US8216985B2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2012-07-10 | Ntn Corporation | Grease composition and grease-enclosed bearing |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0805921A1 (fr) * | 1995-01-19 | 1997-11-12 | S.A.I. Societa' Apparecchiature Idrauliche S.P.A. | Machine volumetrique a chemises curvilignes |
CN100485164C (zh) * | 2006-12-29 | 2009-05-06 | 郭有祥 | 陀螺轮转式引擎 |
CN106593800A (zh) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-26 | 熵零控股股份有限公司 | 正反馈柱塞流体机构 |
DE102015224132A1 (de) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hydrostatische Axialkolbenmaschine mit Steuerscheibe |
CN110359962B (zh) * | 2019-07-17 | 2021-01-05 | 顾新钿 | 一种气动马达 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1408719A (fr) * | 1964-02-07 | 1965-08-20 | Pompe ou moteur volumétrique à débit réglable | |
US3648567A (en) * | 1970-07-06 | 1972-03-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Variable displacement axial pump or motor |
US3910239A (en) * | 1974-06-10 | 1975-10-07 | Richard James | Opposed piston power unit |
GB2027122A (en) * | 1978-05-25 | 1980-02-13 | Searle R J | Reciprocating Piston Machines |
WO1986000662A1 (fr) * | 1984-07-12 | 1986-01-30 | Russell John Searle | Ameliorations apportees aux machines a piston |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3485218A (en) * | 1967-10-04 | 1969-12-23 | Nat Res Dev | Rotary piston machines |
US3702602A (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1972-11-14 | Umberto Lotesto | Two stroke rotary combustion engine |
US3809025A (en) * | 1973-02-02 | 1974-05-07 | Harper Dev Corp | Rotary engine having inclined piston and cylinder rotation axes |
US5138993A (en) * | 1991-02-11 | 1992-08-18 | Kim Jong D | Rotary wavy motion type engine |
-
1992
- 1992-10-30 PL PL92308761A patent/PL169513B1/pl unknown
- 1992-10-30 CZ CZ951102A patent/CZ110295A3/cs unknown
- 1992-10-30 BR BR9207174A patent/BR9207174A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-10-30 WO PCT/IT1992/000134 patent/WO1994010442A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1992-10-30 CA CA002145766A patent/CA2145766A1/fr not_active Abandoned
-
1993
- 1993-09-20 CN CN93117871A patent/CN1043437C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-29 WO PCT/IT1993/000113 patent/WO1994010443A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1408719A (fr) * | 1964-02-07 | 1965-08-20 | Pompe ou moteur volumétrique à débit réglable | |
US3648567A (en) * | 1970-07-06 | 1972-03-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Variable displacement axial pump or motor |
US3910239A (en) * | 1974-06-10 | 1975-10-07 | Richard James | Opposed piston power unit |
GB2027122A (en) * | 1978-05-25 | 1980-02-13 | Searle R J | Reciprocating Piston Machines |
WO1986000662A1 (fr) * | 1984-07-12 | 1986-01-30 | Russell John Searle | Ameliorations apportees aux machines a piston |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7470116B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2008-12-30 | Bosch Rexroth Ag | Axial piston machine |
US8216985B2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2012-07-10 | Ntn Corporation | Grease composition and grease-enclosed bearing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL308761A1 (en) | 1995-08-21 |
CA2145766A1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 |
CN1043437C (zh) | 1999-05-19 |
WO1994010442A1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 |
CN1088657A (zh) | 1994-06-29 |
CZ110295A3 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
BR9207174A (pt) | 1995-12-12 |
PL169513B1 (pl) | 1996-07-31 |
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