WO1994008220A1 - Dispositif pour mesurer les proprietes d'ecoulement de materiaux particulaires - Google Patents

Dispositif pour mesurer les proprietes d'ecoulement de materiaux particulaires Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994008220A1
WO1994008220A1 PCT/NO1993/000135 NO9300135W WO9408220A1 WO 1994008220 A1 WO1994008220 A1 WO 1994008220A1 NO 9300135 W NO9300135 W NO 9300135W WO 9408220 A1 WO9408220 A1 WO 9408220A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sample
matrix
die
piston
consolidation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1993/000135
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gisle G. Enstad
Gisle F. Knutsen
Lars P. Maltby
Original Assignee
Powder Science And Technology Research A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Powder Science And Technology Research A/S filed Critical Powder Science And Technology Research A/S
Priority to AU51583/93A priority Critical patent/AU5158393A/en
Publication of WO1994008220A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994008220A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
    • G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0091—Powders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a device for measuring the flow-properties in particulate materials.
  • the device according to the invention is especially suited to measure axial tension and deformation and optionally also radial tension in the particulate material to determine its folw- properties during uniaxial consolidation.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET resembling closely those being present in the actual production or treatment process.
  • the apparatus for the examination must also be sensitive for small variations in the fluidity and flow properties of the particulate material.
  • the basis for the present invention is a cylindrical sample of the particulate material being examined (see fig. la nd fig. lb showing a description of the flow properties at a) consolidation under axial main tension ⁇ *-_ and b) determi ⁇ nation of power f c ) .
  • the sample is subjected to an axial consolidation tension, ⁇ causing a deformation _ __ .
  • a cylindrical matrix enveloping the sample makes it impossible for the sample to expand in a radial direction so that the radial deformation, ⁇ 3 , equals zero.
  • the axial tension will cause a radial tension acting against the cylinder wall, and this will be lower than the axisal consolidation tension, ⁇ -*_ ( ⁇ **L > ⁇ 3 ) .
  • This type of consolidation where the compacting is performed in one direction without deformation in other directions, is called an uniaxial consolidation.
  • the axial tension is according to the invention reduced to zero.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET material the cylindrical matrix is removed so that the sample has the opportunity to expand in radial direction. Then the axial tension is again increased until the sample breaks apart at a value f c .
  • the flow properties are characteized by showing the breakdown force, f c , as a function of the consolidation tension, ⁇ __ .
  • An example of this is shown in fig. 2 representing a breakdown-function showing the power, f c , as a function of the consolidation tension ⁇ * j _, wherein the breaking strength of a particulate material is shown at four different consolidation levels.
  • a third way to evaluate the measurement results found according to the invention is to perform tests at four consolidation levels (four values for ⁇ - j .
  • By measuring the consolidation strength it will be possible to find a function describing the consolidation strength as a function of the degree of consolidation at an uniaxial compression corresponding to the well-known flow function. An example of such an exhibition is given in the performance example below.
  • the matrix For the matrix to be easily removable from the sample after consolidation it is given a slightly conical shape.
  • the above given general disclosure is given for a cylindrical sample, but also other shapes such as e.g. mainly cubical or pyramidal may be used without departing from the idea behind the present invention.
  • Figure 3 and 4 show an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the device is carried by a frame comprising top 1, bottom 3 and back plates 2 as well as side plates 4.
  • On the top plate 1 there is mounted a wheel 5 by using two axial bearings 6 so that it may be freely rotated.
  • the wheel 5 is in its turn mounted in a trapeezegrooved nut 7 making it possible to elevate and lower a grooved rod 8, said rod 8 being secured to the uppermost of two ball-leads 9,10.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET lowerable grooved rod 8 is connected to a piston rod 11 via the upper lead 9 and via two bearings 12.
  • a piston 14 is secured to the end of the piston rod 11.
  • the piston 14 may be moved through a matrix 15 having a penetrating and mainly cylindrical bore.
  • the piston 14 may be secured the matrix 15 by using a bail 16 and be achieved from the piston rod 11 by using the penetrating screw 13.
  • the matrix 15, e.g. being made of transparent PMMA, is in its turn secured to the lower part of the two ball leads 10.
  • the two ball leads 9,10 may be moved vertically along two poles 17 being secured to the back-plate 2. By placing the two ball leads 9,10 on identical poles 17, it will, as long as the mounting is correctly performed, be ensured that there is continuous parallellity between the center of the opening in the matrix 15 and the piston rod 11 with the piston 14.
  • the matrix 15 is placed in a cut out groove in the securing plate on the lower ball lead 10, and may thus not be moved relatively to this ball lead 10.
  • the matrix may be disassembled from the lower ball lead 10 by using a quick-coupling.
  • a coupling may e.g. comprise two bails 26 being clamped over two penetrating bolts 25 in the matrix 15.
  • the piston 14 By truning the wheel 5 back it will be possible to elevate the uppermost ball lead 9 (without piston) . This makes it possible to remove the matrix 15 (with piston) so that the matrix 15 may be filled with the relevant particulate material which is to be examined.
  • the matrix 15 rests on an end cup 18 which in its turn stands on a platform 19 on which there is located a weighing cell 20.
  • This weighing cell 20 makes it possible to
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET register the strength of the force being applied on the powder sample 21 in the test chamber in the matrix 15.
  • a pressure cell pressure transducer
  • Radial tensions may be registered by using stretch pads (tension pads) being mounted on the matrix wall according to a special mounting pattern, optionally by using a pressure transducer mounted directly in the matrix wall.
  • the matrix 15 comprises e.g. a square block with a penetrating bore.
  • the bore is in this embodiment approximately cylindrical with a weakly incresing diameter towards the bottom.
  • Such a mainly cylindrical bore may have conicity with e.g. 0,5° inclination of the walls, but also other angles may be possible, and with a mainly cylindrical bore the inclination of the walls may lie within the interval 0-5°.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET 14 to the bottom of the matrix 15.
  • the inner wall in the matrix 15 is preferably highly polished.
  • the stretch will thus decrease in the membrane 23 and this will follow the deformation to which the sample is subjected. This will contribute to eliminate the friction between the powder and the membrane wall.
  • the membrane 23 is stretched to the lower edge of the matrix as shown in fig. 5. There will not be any relative movement between the membrane 23 and the lower edge of the matrix 15. This is avoided by clamping the membrane along the periphery of the bottom of the matrix by using a securing ring 27.
  • Oil being present between the membrane and the matrix wall 15, may of course have a tendency to collect towards the bottom of this space.
  • the piston 14 When the piston 14 is pressed down into the matrix 15, it is also possible that there are formed air pockets between the membrane and the matrix wall. This air will have a possibility to migrate through the same radial bores 28. Then the air will have a possibility to scope through an airing hole 24 in the matrix 15.
  • air When the sample of the particulate centre is consolidated under the tension ⁇ **_, air will be expelled from the sample. This air may be led out from the test volume by using a filter 22.
  • Example of a use of the device according to the invention To examine the flow properties of a particulate material
  • the apparatus according to the invention being used in the disclosed test example has a total height of 820 mm, a width of 340 mm and a depth of 330 mm.
  • a standard micrometer e.g. Mitutoyo Digimatic 572-300.
  • a deformation measurement device of the type Lucas/Schaevitz L.V.D.T. (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) may also be used.
  • Lucas/Schaevitz L.V.D.T. Linear Variable Differential Transformer
  • two different methods in parallell or individually
  • One form for registering is a so-called weighing platform (corresponding to a standard weight) .
  • this is of the fabrication TEDEA (model no. 1040) .
  • the other form for registering axial tension is done by using pressure measuring device (pressure transducer) in the bottom of the end cup, and this may be a stadard pressure cell or pressure transducer with a diameter equal to the area but not exceeding the smallest diameter of the sample material. Further it is important that the measuring device is not deforemd significantly as a consequence of the acting tension. It is also preferred that the measuring exactness of such a measuring device is relatively high, and that a reasonable deviation of the measuring data for equal measurements should be ⁇ 0,05 kPa.
  • the initial sample voume is 126 cm 3 .
  • the sample quantity may of course be larger than this examplified volume, and the volume given as an example is not of critical importance, but should for the examplified test be above 130 cm 3 .
  • the wheel 5 is then rotated slowly so that the piston 14 is moved slowly downwards and the sample 21 is consolidated. This operation is continued until there has bee achieved the vanted value for the axial tension ⁇ .
  • the deformation to which the sample is subjected may be read from an e.g. securely mounted micrometer so that the bulk density may be deter- mined.
  • Such a micrometer may e.g. be located with a movable point on the upermost ball lead 9 and with a stationary reference point or reading scale on the back plate 2 of the device so that the relative movement of the piston 14 relative to a constant zero point may be registered.
  • the wheel 5 When the powder sample has been subjected to the axial tension for a predetermined time, the wheel 5 is turned back so that the sample is unloaded from the consolidation tension ⁇ * j _. How much the wheel must be rotated depends on the elastic properties of the powder sample and on the consollidation level. Then the lower ball lead 10 is moved upwards so that the matrix 15 is clear of the piston 14 and the sample is left standing freely on the end cup 18 without
  • This position of the measuring apparatus according to the invention is shown in fig. 7.
  • the bore in the matrix 15 has, as mentioned previously, a certain conicity and is polished on the inside.
  • the membrane 23 is secured to the lower edge of the matrix 15 so that the sample 21 may be liberated from the matrix 15 and the membrane 23 without influencing the sample's 21 properties.
  • the time during which the sample is subjected to a load below the consolidation tension ⁇ -_ is not of decisive importance but should be the same for measurements being performed in a series. It may be advantageous to use a standardized time of e.g. 2 minutes to finish consoli ⁇ dating the sample, but also longer or shorter periods of time are possible. Such time intervals will be obvious to the person skilled in the art and may additionally be dependent on the type of material which is to be examined. In the present example it is used 2 minutes as consolidation time.
  • time consolidation is caused by several factors, inter alia the building of liquid or solid matter bridges between the particles in the sample. If it accordingly is not interesting to examine this time consolidation, one should not use too long a time between the end of the consolidation and the strength testing. With a "waiting" time of 2 minutes it should be possible to minimalize such a time consolidation.
  • the sample By again turning the wheel 5 the sample may againg be put under a load. Thereby the sample is deformed by increasing the axial tension pressure until there is obtained a break in the sample 21, and a maximum tension value, f c , is read from the weighing platform 20.
  • f c is specific for the strength of the sample after consolidation with the previously applied axial tension ⁇ - ⁇ .
  • the weight of the sample may be determined before the test is started.
  • This addition may in practice be determined in two ways.
  • the process and the device according to the invention may be used for all types of particulate and cohesive materials, and it is in reality found no lower limit for the particle size in such materials which are to be tested. It is, however, found an upper limit for the particle size wich is suitable in the material which is to be examined, but such an upper limit will for a large part depend on what kind of material which is to be examined. It is thus obvious that the properties of the material will have to be considered since there obviously is a difference between e.g. cement and sand, but such a consideration may easily be performed by the person skilled in the art without extensive experimentation.
  • the limit ⁇ ation for the upper suitable particle size lies generally in the cohesivity of the material of the paricle sample and such a cohesivity limit varies widely from material to material as indicated above.
  • the limestone powder being used as a standardization powder and which is indicated above.
  • This powder comprises particles whereof 90% is below 6 um. Further 50% of the particles are below 4 urn and 10% are below 2,2 ⁇ m in diameter. It will further be mentioned
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET remarked that this is a powder with a very narrow particle size distribution and other particle size distributions as well as other types of material may of course be measured with the process and the device according to the invention.
  • a material which may be measured is cement having a paricle size wherein 90% is below 20 urn, 50% is below 11 um and 10% is below 2 ⁇ a. in diameter.
  • the device according to the invention as well as the use thereof has above been disclosed in connection with a special embodiment for the examination of the flow proper ⁇ ties of particulate materials.
  • the disclosed principle and the divice making use thereof gives a quick indication of the properties of materials and provides an opportunity to distinguish beween relatively small variations in the behaviour of the materials.
  • the device and the measuring method will thus be excellently suited for quality control of particulate materials and the device may also have a wide field of use in industry handling and producing particulte materials.
  • the device is, as previously mentioned, excellently suited for measuring time consolidation effects.
  • the presently disclosed principle and the device for measuring friction-free deformation of material samples may, however, also be used in other connections where it is important to achieve a homogenous bulk density throughout the complete material sample.
  • the mesuring device according to the invention is suited for determining powder-mechanical properties such as tension relaxations and creep properties, said properties being to a certain degree related to the elastic and elasto- plastic properties of the powder material. Additionally it is furthermore possible to examine the effect of the loading

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif pour mesurer les propriétés d'écoulement de matériaux particulaires après qu'on ait soumis ceux-ci à une consolidation uniaxiale, ce dispositif comprenant un logement (1, 2, 3, 4) dans lequel est monté un piston mobile (14) qui peut se déplacer à travers une chambre contenant l'échantillon dans une matrice amovible (15), afin de comprimer un échantillon du matériau particulaire (21). Le dispositif comprend en outre un appareil de mesure qui enregistre le mouvement du piston mobile (14) ainsi que d'autres instruments de mesure (20) qui enregistrent la puissance appliquée à l'échantillon de matériau particulaire.
PCT/NO1993/000135 1992-10-02 1993-09-09 Dispositif pour mesurer les proprietes d'ecoulement de materiaux particulaires WO1994008220A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU51583/93A AU5158393A (en) 1992-10-02 1993-09-09 Device for measuring the flow properties of particulate materials

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO923867 1992-10-02
NO923867A NO179652C (no) 1992-10-02 1992-10-02 Anordning for bestemmelse av flyteegenskaper hos pulverformige materialer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994008220A1 true WO1994008220A1 (fr) 1994-04-14

Family

ID=19895488

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO1993/000135 WO1994008220A1 (fr) 1992-10-02 1993-09-09 Dispositif pour mesurer les proprietes d'ecoulement de materiaux particulaires

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5158393A (fr)
NO (1) NO179652C (fr)
WO (1) WO1994008220A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19532248A1 (de) * 1995-09-01 1997-03-06 Rheinische Kalksteinwerke Vorrichtung zur Messung der Eigenschaften von Schüttgütern
CN109632358A (zh) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-16 山西大学 一种远程检测幕墙抗风压变形的装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1586856A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-03-25 Brico Eng Apparatus for measurement of compressive loads
WO1986005883A1 (fr) * 1985-04-03 1986-10-09 Oy Partek Ab Procede et dispositif de mesure des proprietes, notamment de l'aptitude au compactage d'une masse rigide a couler
US4616508A (en) * 1983-02-28 1986-10-14 Georg Fischer Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for producing a test piece of molding compound useful in measuring properties thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1586856A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-03-25 Brico Eng Apparatus for measurement of compressive loads
US4616508A (en) * 1983-02-28 1986-10-14 Georg Fischer Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for producing a test piece of molding compound useful in measuring properties thereof
WO1986005883A1 (fr) * 1985-04-03 1986-10-09 Oy Partek Ab Procede et dispositif de mesure des proprietes, notamment de l'aptitude au compactage d'une masse rigide a couler

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19532248A1 (de) * 1995-09-01 1997-03-06 Rheinische Kalksteinwerke Vorrichtung zur Messung der Eigenschaften von Schüttgütern
EP0763726A2 (fr) * 1995-09-01 1997-03-19 Rheinische Kalksteinwerke GmbH. Dispositif de mesure des propriétés de matériaux coulants en vrac
DE19532248C2 (de) * 1995-09-01 1998-10-15 Rheinische Kalksteinwerke Vorrichtung zur Messung der Eigenschaften von Schüttgütern
EP0763726A3 (fr) * 1995-09-01 1998-12-09 Rheinische Kalksteinwerke GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de mesure des propriétés de matériaux coulants en vrac
CN109632358A (zh) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-16 山西大学 一种远程检测幕墙抗风压变形的装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5158393A (en) 1994-04-26
NO923867L (no) 1994-04-05
NO179652B (no) 1996-08-12
NO923867D0 (no) 1992-10-02
NO179652C (no) 1996-11-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Schwedes Review on testers for measuring flow properties of bulk solids
US6227039B1 (en) System and method for controlling concrete production
AU715846B2 (en) System and method for controlling concrete production
US4825700A (en) Bi-axial geomaterial test system
US4181023A (en) Apparatus for short-duration tests for determining the flowability of powders
AU666145B2 (en) Improved flow-no-flow tester
Harnby et al. The use of bulk density determination as a means of typifying the flow characteristics of loosely compacted powders under conditions of variable relative humidity
JPS59163537A (ja) 諸特性の測定に用いる鋳型材混合物の試験片の製造方法及び装置
US20120118072A1 (en) Apparatus for measuring the unconfined yield strength and time unconfined yield strength of bulk granular material
US5609198A (en) Apparatus for measuring the properties of mold materials
CN205898567U (zh) 一种烟用胶囊颗粒强度及形变量的检测设备
WO1994008220A1 (fr) Dispositif pour mesurer les proprietes d'ecoulement de materiaux particulaires
US5117699A (en) Flow-no-flow tester
SHINOHARA et al. A device for evaluating cohesiveness of powders by tensile test
EP0027104B1 (fr) Procédé pour déterminer les propriétés d'un matériau à propriétés plastiques comprenant la détermination de la densité du matériau, et appareil pour réaliser ce procédé
RU2814480C1 (ru) Способ определения адгезии и аутогезии сыпучих порошкообразных материалов различной дисперсности
Zafar et al. Applications and Case Studies
CA2057350C (fr) Procede et appareil servant a caracteriser l'ecoulement
SU1188585A1 (ru) Способ определени структурности сажи
RU1777038C (ru) Способ определени коэффициента бокового давлени мелкодисперсных сыпучих материалов
RU2222808C2 (ru) Прибор для исследования структурно-механических свойств пищевых материалов
Maltman A laboratory technique for investigating the deformation microstructures of water-rich sediments
EP0333104A2 (fr) Dispositif de détermination simultanée de la quantité d'eau absorbée par une substance compactée et de la force de désagrégation en résultant
Deen Method of Test for Strength Parameters of Soils by Triaxial Compression Tests
EFCE Working Party on the Mechanics of Particulate Solids Standard Shear Testing Technique for Particulate Solids Using the Jenike Shear Cell

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU FI JP US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase