WO1994001926A1 - Commande adaptative pour convertisseur de puissance - Google Patents

Commande adaptative pour convertisseur de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994001926A1
WO1994001926A1 PCT/US1993/006592 US9306592W WO9401926A1 WO 1994001926 A1 WO1994001926 A1 WO 1994001926A1 US 9306592 W US9306592 W US 9306592W WO 9401926 A1 WO9401926 A1 WO 9401926A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
power
control
voltage
output
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/006592
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1994001926B1 (fr
Inventor
Russell Everett
Alex Cook
Original Assignee
Sundstrand Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sundstrand Corporation filed Critical Sundstrand Corporation
Publication of WO1994001926A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994001926A1/fr
Publication of WO1994001926B1 publication Critical patent/WO1994001926B1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/48—Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/30—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to power conversion systems, and more particularly to an adaptive control for a power converter.
  • variable-speed motive power into constant- frequency electrical power for one or more AC loads.
  • this has been accomplished in aircraft applications through the use of a hydromechanical constant speed drive which is coupled to the engine of aircraft and which converts the variable-speed motive power produced by the engine into constant speed motive power.
  • a synchronous generator is coupled to the output of the constant speed drive and converts the constant speed motive power into constant-frequency AC power for the loads.
  • Such a generating system is sometimes referred to as an integrated drive generator.
  • variable- speed, constant-frequency (VSCF) generating system which includes a brushless, synchronous generator coupled directly to the prime mover and a power converter which converts the variable-frequency output of the generator into constant- frequency power for the loads.
  • VSCF variable- speed, constant-frequency
  • the output voltage of the VSCF system at a point of regulation is regulated by controlling the excitation of the synchronous generator.
  • POR point of regulation
  • system dynamics vary with load.
  • prior VSCF systems must be designed to be stable under all conditions, including those that are considered to be “worst case”. These stability requirements in turn limit performance of the system under conditions which are not considered to be “worst case”.
  • Baker, U.S. Patent No. 4,554,501 discloses a VSCF system which operates within a normal generator speed range to regulate inverter output voltage for AC loads by controlling exciter field current.
  • a DC voltage supplied to the inverter on a DC link is regulated at a desired level by controlling the exciter field current and the DC link voltage is provided to DC loads.
  • DC link regulation is effective only during auxiliary operation when the speed of the generator is insufficient for the inverter to supply AC power to AC loads.
  • Glennon, U.S. Patent No. 4,527,226 discloses a VSCF control which determines a DC link value representing what the level of the DC link voltage should be based upon the load of the POR.
  • the actual DC link voltage is measured and is divided by the link value to obtain a value PUV DC which is used to select a switch control pattern from a memory.
  • the switch control pattern is used to control switches in an inverter of the VSCF system.
  • SUBSTITUTESHEET Recker, et al. U.S. Patent No. 4,956,598 discloses a load distortion control for a VSCF generating system.
  • the control operates switches in the inverter of the system to maintain the voltage of the AC power developed by the inverter at a desired level and, in addition, controls the power applied to the exciter of the generator to maintain the voltage of the DC power at a particular level relative to the voltage of AC power developed thereby.
  • FIG. 1 One prior art attempt to provide an adaptive control for a VSCF power conversion system is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the control shown in Figure 1 provides adaptive gain based upon the average of the phase currents produced by the inver ⁇ ter. As described in greater detail hereinafter, this control provides improved performance under non "worst-case" condi-
  • a control for a power converter provides stable and optimized operation thereof over a wide dynamic range.
  • a control for a power conversion system that converts motive power into an AC output voltage and an AC output current includes means responsive to the output voltage and output current for developing a power signal representing a power magnitude developed by the power conversion system and means responsive to the AC output voltage and the AC output current for controlling the opera ⁇ tion thereof including a variable gain amplifier having a gain determined by the power signal wherein the variable gain amplifier controls the AC output voltage.
  • a lookup table is coupled to the developing means and provides a gain value to
  • variable gain amplifier in response to addressing thereof by the power signal.
  • DC power is developed on a DC link by a brushless generator coupled to a rectifier wherein the brushless generator includes an exciter that develops excita ⁇ tion for a main generator.
  • the controlling means preferably includes a pulse-width modulator responsive to the variable gain amplifier for controlling the excitation developed by the exciter.
  • the developing means comprises means for deriving a power factor signal representing a phase displacement between the AC output voltage and the AC output current and means coupled to the deriving means for multiplying the power factor signal with a signal representing the AC output current to develop the power signal.
  • controlling means comprises a first detector that develops a current magnitude signal representing a magnitude of the AC output current, means for converting the
  • SUBSTITUTESHEET current magnitude signal into a voltage reference signal, a second detector that develops a voltage magnitude signal representing a magnitude of the AC output voltage and means for summing the voltage reference signal with the voltage magnitude signal to obtain a voltage error signal.
  • the controlling means may further include a gain and compensation unit coupled to the summing means that produces a compensated voltage command signal wherein the compensated voltage command signal is provided to the variable gain amplifier.
  • the controlling means may further include an additional gain and compensation unit coupled to the variable gain amplifier and a pulse-width modulator coupled to the further gain and compensation unit.
  • the converting means includes a lookup table coupled to the first detector that develops a reference value in response to addressing thereof by the current magnitude signal, means operable upon start-up of the power conversion system for generating a soft-start signal having a magnitude that varies over time and means for summing the
  • a control for a variable-speed, constant-frequency power conversion system having a generator and a rectifier which convert motive power into DC power on a DC link and an inverter which converts the DC power into three-phase AC output voltages and three-phase AC output currents includes means responsive to the output voltage and output current of one of the phases for developing a power signal representing a power magnitude developed by the power conversion system.
  • a lookup table is coupled to the developing means and provides a gain value at an output in response to addressing thereof by the power signal.
  • Means are responsive to an average magni- tude of the AC output voltages and responsive to one of the AC output currents for controlling the generator wherein the controlling means includes a variable gain amplifier having a gain established by the gain value wherein the variable gain amplifier controls the DC power on the DC link.
  • the control of the present invention provides adaptive gain based upon the output power of the inverter. This, in turn, results in an inverter that has excellent stability over a wide dynamic operating range and which provides optimum control even under conditions that are not "worst case".
  • Figure 1 comprises a block diagram of a variable- speed, constant-frequency (VSCF) system
  • Figure 2 comprises a block diagram of a prior art control unit useful in the system of Figure 1;
  • VSCF variable-speed, constant-frequency
  • Figure 3 comprises a block diagram of a control unit according to the present invention useful in the system of Figure 1;
  • Figures 4 and 5 are graphs illustrating the contents of the current limiting table and the adaptive gain table, respectively, shown in Figure 3; and
  • Figure 6 comprises a block diagram illustrating modifications to the control unit of Figure 3.
  • the VSCF system 10 includes a brushless, synchronous generator 12 driven by a variable-speed prime mover 14, which may be, for example, an aircraft jet engine.
  • the generator develops a polyphase, variable-frequency AC output which is converted into DC power by a rectifier/filter 16.
  • the resulting DC power is provided over a DC link 20 to a polyphase inverter 22 which converts the DC power into N phase constant-frequency AC power.
  • AC power may be filtered by an optional filter 24 and is provided by a controllable set of contactors 25 to a load bus
  • the load bus 26 is, in turn, coupled to one or more loads
  • a control unit (CU) 30 controls switches in the inverter 22 and, in addition, controls the ⁇ urrent delivered to an exciter 33 of the generator 12.
  • the generator 12 further includes a permanent magnet generator (PMG) 34, which supplies control power to the CU 30, and a main generator
  • SUBSTITUTESHEET portion 35 which includes armature windings in which the generator output power is developed.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the prior art control briefly referred to above.
  • a first averaging circuit 40 and a first high wins circuit 42 receive signals representing the phase voltages developed at a point of regulation (POR) .
  • the averaging circuit 40 develops a signal representing the average of the three phase voltage magnitudes and provides such signal to an inverting input of a summer 44.
  • the summer 44 further includes a noninverting input that receives a soft start signal developed by a soft start circuit 20.
  • the signal provided to the noninverting input of the summer 44 is initially at substantially zero volts and thereafter increases during a soft-start period up to a reference level of, for example, 115 volts.
  • the resulting error signal developed by the summer 44 designated AERR, represents the error between the voltage reference provided to the noninverting input of the summer 44 and the inverting input of the summer 44.
  • the output of the high wins circuit 42 comprises a signal representing the magnitude of the highest phase output voltage and such signal is provided to an inverting input of a further summer 46.
  • a noninverting input of the summer 46 receives a reference signal representing a high phase voltage magnitude.
  • the error signal developed by the summer 46 is compensated by a compensation unit 48 to develop a signal, designated signal HERR, representing the deviation of the highest phase voltage from the reference.
  • the signal AERR is supplied to a summer 50 when its level is less than the level of the signal HERR. Otherwise, the signal HERR is provided to the summer 50.
  • One of these signals is combined by the summer 50 with a limited and compensated signal representing the high phase current developed by the inverter, as developed by a high wins circuit 52, a limiter 54 and a compensation unit 56.
  • the resulting error signal is delivered to an input of a variable gain amplifier 58.
  • the gain of the amplifier 58 is established by an averaging circuit 60, which develops a signal representing the average of the three phase currents developed by the
  • the gain table establish ⁇ es the gain of the amplifier 58 as a function of the average current.
  • a second variable gain amplifier 64 further scales the signal from the amplifier 58 in accordance with a variable gain established by a gain lookup table 66, which is in turn responsive to the speed of the generator.
  • the resulting signal is processed by a gain and compensation unit 68 and is delivered to a pulse width modulation (P M) controller.
  • P M pulse width modulation
  • the PWM controller develops a PWM waveform for the exciter 33 of the generator 12. The output voltage of the generator 12, and hence the voltage on the DC link 20 and the voltages developed at the POR are thus controlled via the exciter 33.
  • a control 80 according to the present invention is shown in Figure 3 and provides improved stability and perfor- mance as compared to the control in Figure 2.
  • SUBSTITUTESHEET circuit 82 receives signals representing the period of one of the waveforms at the POR, for example the phase A voltage waveform, as well as signals representing a phase voltage and the corresponding phase current at the POR.
  • the power factor circuit 82 produces a power factor signal which is multiplied by a signal representing the load average magnitude of the output phase current as developed by an averaging circuit 84.
  • a multiplier 86 multiplies the signals from the circuits 82 and 84 to produce a power signal on a line 88.
  • a signal representing the average of the phase voltage magni ⁇ tudes may also be multiplied by the multiplier 86 with the signals from the circuits 82 and 84.
  • the power signal 88 is coupled to and forms an address for an adaptive gain lookup table 90, described in greater detail hereinafter in connec- tion with Figure 5.
  • the adaptive gain table 90 develops a gain index on a line 92 which is in turn provided to a variable gain amplifier 94.
  • Signals representing the three POR phase currents are supplied to a high wins circuit 96 which develops a signal representing the magnitude of the highest phase current.
  • SUBSTITUTESHEET signal is supplied as an address to a current limit lookup table 98, described in greater detail in connection with Figure 4 hereinafter.
  • the current limit table 98 develops a voltage command signal which is in turn supplied to a non- inverting input of a summer 100.
  • An inverting input of the summer 100 receives a soft-start signal developed by a soft- start circuit 102 which initially begins upon start up at a particular level and thereafter decreases to zero over a soft start interval.
  • the resulting voltage command signal devel- oped by the summer 100 is supplied to a noninverting input of a summer 104 having an inverting input that receives a signal representing the average of the three phase output voltages as developed by an averaging circuit 106.
  • the signal developed by the summer 104 represents the deviation of the average output voltage from the commanded level and is processed by a lead/lag circuit 108 and supplied to an input of the variable gain amplifier 94.
  • variable gain amplifier 94 scales the output of the lead/lag circuit 108 according to a gain factor determined by the gain index produced by the adaptive gain lookup table
  • the scaled signal is processed by a gain and compensation unit 110, limited by a limiter 112 and supplied to a PWM controller 114.
  • the PWM controller 114 develops a PWM waveform having a duty cycle determined by the magnitude of the signal produced by the limiter 112.
  • the PWM waveform produced by the control 114 is suitably amplified, isolated as needed, and supplied to the exciter 33 to in turn control the output voltage produced by the generator 12, the voltage on the DC link 20 and the voltages produced at the POR. It should be noted that various scaling circuits are not shown downstream of the averaging circuits 84 and 106 and the high wins circuit 96 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the multiplier 86 may be selectively bypassed by a switch, in which case the adaptive gain table 90 is responsive to the output of the averaging circuit 84. Still further, a fixed reference signal may be supplied to the summer 104 in place of the signal developed by the summer 100 and provision may be made to provide a fixed gain index value to the variable gain amplifier 94, if desired.
  • the transfer function implemented by the current limit lookup table 98 is illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the lookup table 98 develops a value representing a desired output voltage of 1 per unit (or p.u.) until an output power of 150 KVA (or 2 p.u.) is reached. Thereafter, the command and output voltage drops until an output current of 2.2 per unit is reached, at which time an output voltage of 60 volts (or 0.5 p.u.) is commanded. Thereafter, the output voltage command drops in a linear fashion until a particular output current, such as 3.0 p.u., is reached.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the adaptive gain provided by the table 90 and the amplifier 94 as a function of output power.
  • gain rises in a linear fashion from an initial value up to a particular output power, such as 90 KVA.
  • the gain provided by the amplifi ⁇ er 94 remains at a substantially constant value. Thereafter, as output current increases, the gain decreases in a linear fashion at a first slope until a third current is reached.
  • phase power factor detectors 120a-120c may detect the power factor of each phase using power factor detectors 120a-120c and provide the outputs of the detectors to multipliers I22a-l22c which multiply each phase power factor signal with a signal representing the corresponding phase load current magnitude and, optionally, a signal representing the corresponding phase voltage magnitude.
  • the phase power signals thus produced may then be summed by a summer 124 to develop a total power signal on the line 88.

Abstract

Une commande (80) pour un système de conversion de puissance produit un signal de puissance (88) représentant une intensité de puissance developpée par le système et comporte un amplificateur de réglage (94) dont le gain est déterminé par le signal de puissance (88), cet amplificateur (94) réglant la sortie du système.
PCT/US1993/006592 1992-07-13 1993-07-13 Commande adaptative pour convertisseur de puissance WO1994001926A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US91294392A 1992-07-13 1992-07-13
US07/912,943 1992-07-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994001926A1 true WO1994001926A1 (fr) 1994-01-20
WO1994001926B1 WO1994001926B1 (fr) 1994-03-03

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PCT/US1993/006592 WO1994001926A1 (fr) 1992-07-13 1993-07-13 Commande adaptative pour convertisseur de puissance

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5849255A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-12-15 Asec Manufacturing Treatment of diesel exhaust gas using zeolite catalyst
US6074973A (en) * 1998-03-20 2000-06-13 Engelhard Corporation Catalyzed hydrocarbon trap material and method of making the same
US6093378A (en) * 1997-05-07 2000-07-25 Engelhard Corporation Four-way diesel exhaust catalyst and method of use
WO2004091782A1 (fr) 2003-04-17 2004-10-28 Ecocat Oy Catalyseur comprenant un oxyde d'aluminium pour le traitement des gaz emis
US7078004B2 (en) 1999-07-02 2006-07-18 Engelhard Corporation Diesel oxidation catalyst
US8119075B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2012-02-21 Basf Corporation Diesel particulate filters having ultra-thin catalyzed oxidation coatings
EP4252890A1 (fr) 2022-03-30 2023-10-04 Dinex A/S Article catalytique pour les réactions d'oxydation, d'adsorption et de désorption

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3656048A (en) * 1970-07-16 1972-04-11 Us Interior Non-linear exciter controller for power system damping
US4625160A (en) * 1984-12-17 1986-11-25 Sundstrand Corporation Variable speed constant frequency generating system
US4734626A (en) * 1986-12-23 1988-03-29 Sundstrand Corporation Double differential, electrically compensated constant speed drive
US4967129A (en) * 1987-09-19 1990-10-30 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Power system stabilizer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3656048A (en) * 1970-07-16 1972-04-11 Us Interior Non-linear exciter controller for power system damping
US4625160A (en) * 1984-12-17 1986-11-25 Sundstrand Corporation Variable speed constant frequency generating system
US4734626A (en) * 1986-12-23 1988-03-29 Sundstrand Corporation Double differential, electrically compensated constant speed drive
US4967129A (en) * 1987-09-19 1990-10-30 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Power system stabilizer

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5849255A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-12-15 Asec Manufacturing Treatment of diesel exhaust gas using zeolite catalyst
US6093378A (en) * 1997-05-07 2000-07-25 Engelhard Corporation Four-way diesel exhaust catalyst and method of use
US6074973A (en) * 1998-03-20 2000-06-13 Engelhard Corporation Catalyzed hydrocarbon trap material and method of making the same
US7078004B2 (en) 1999-07-02 2006-07-18 Engelhard Corporation Diesel oxidation catalyst
WO2004091782A1 (fr) 2003-04-17 2004-10-28 Ecocat Oy Catalyseur comprenant un oxyde d'aluminium pour le traitement des gaz emis
US8119075B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2012-02-21 Basf Corporation Diesel particulate filters having ultra-thin catalyzed oxidation coatings
EP4252890A1 (fr) 2022-03-30 2023-10-04 Dinex A/S Article catalytique pour les réactions d'oxydation, d'adsorption et de désorption
WO2023187129A1 (fr) 2022-03-30 2023-10-05 Dinex A/S Article catalytique en couches et cloisonné

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