WO1994000955A1 - Procede de traitement de signaux numeriques de television couleur pour l'enregistrement sur bande magnetique - Google Patents

Procede de traitement de signaux numeriques de television couleur pour l'enregistrement sur bande magnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994000955A1
WO1994000955A1 PCT/DE1993/000571 DE9300571W WO9400955A1 WO 1994000955 A1 WO1994000955 A1 WO 1994000955A1 DE 9300571 W DE9300571 W DE 9300571W WO 9400955 A1 WO9400955 A1 WO 9400955A1
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data
vlc
frame
section
coding
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PCT/DE1993/000571
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Kauff
Karsten GRÜNEBERG
Ulrich Höfker
Stefan Rauthenberg
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HEINRICH-HERTZ-INSTITUT FüR NACHRICHTENTECHNIK BERLIN GMBH
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Publication of WO1994000955A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994000955A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/80—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
    • H04N9/804—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components
    • H04N9/8042—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components involving data reduction
    • H04N9/8047—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components involving data reduction using transform coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/115—Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H04N19/126—Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H04N19/15—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output by monitoring actual compressed data size at the memory before deciding storage at the transmission buffer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
    • H04N19/436—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation using parallelised computational arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/434—Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H04N19/152—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/91—Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for processing color television signals, which are available as digital components for Lu inanzance and chrominance, for magnetic tape recording, in which the individual operations, which take place in sections in parallel, identically constructed and independently working subsystems are coordinated with one another in such a way that at the interface between a preprocessing and a coding section the data, organized in macroblocks, are evenly distributed over as many paths as there are parallel subsystems, in the coding section the data according to FLC (fixed length coding) - relevance and separated according to VLC ' (variable length coding) relevance and the VLC-relevant data are subjected to a preliminary analysis with regard to a variable redistribution of the data rate available for a full image, and in a post-processing section essentially error protection measures are taken and the data to be recorded n Data are delivered fully frame-synchronized in the required format for the individual recording channels.
  • FLC fixed length coding
  • VLC ' variable length coding
  • An essential requirement for the magnetic tape recording of television signals is to be able to use cassettes.
  • the recording devices should be as similar as possible to the conventional ones with regard to the operational features.
  • image-wise cutting, otherwise also visible search, still picture and slow motion as well as a picture quality without impairing deterioration are to be guaranteed even with a larger number of dubbing.
  • Approximately 90 minutes are required for the playing time of a cassette in terms of rational playback, archiving and program distribution.
  • the number of parallel recording tracks is hardly less than four, with regard to the mechanical limits of the device and the magnetic tape probably no more than eight.
  • HDI high definition television
  • N 4; 8 or 16.
  • Known and proven data reduction methods work, for example, with a so-called 8 x 8 DCT (Discrete Cosinus Transform). Error correction algorithms are also available for this.
  • Signal processing systems access this, also according to the teaching of Invention, as far as possible for their specific problem solutions.
  • bit rate reduction for recording in two parallel tracks on video cassettes is known for a conventional color television system.
  • This bit rate reduction comprises two sections, the first with an orthogonal transformation based on small data blocks within a frame, and the second with statistical coding of quantized coefficients.
  • VLC variable length coding
  • processing requires special precautions for the level control of an output buffer. With a generously dimensioned output buffer, difficulties arise with regard to the synchronism with full screen changes; if the dimensions are tight, this must be compensated for by a highly active control behavior.
  • the technical problem on which the invention is based is to achieve a higher accuracy with a data reduction for magnetic tape recording than with a pure forward control, to keep the effort considerably less than with a calculation of all possible cases and to be more efficient achieve than with a pure feedback via the fill level of an output buffer.
  • the inventive solution provides, in a method of the type mentioned at present that are 't conducted in Vor kausabschnit:
  • the formation of macroblocks can begin as soon as the data of the lines of the frame to be captured are available; in the interlaced method, that is, when the first field is complete and the beginning of the second field. Since the information content of a full screen can be very different, it must be ensured in this phase of the preparation that the desired efficiency can be achieved. For this purpose, the limited data capacity of the magnetic tape and the required uniform recording density per track dictate that this uniformity is achieved at the very beginning, when the information content of a full image to be processed is divided among the parallel subsystems.
  • the distribution scheme for this maneuvering process already has a decisive influence on the result. It is expedient to choose the number of parallel, self-sufficient subsystems to be equal to the number of parallel recording channels and, if the data rates to be processed require particularly fast electronics, to provide branches with slower electronics that are coupled to one another in the subsystems.
  • Fig.l the overall system for processing the digital color television signals for magnetic tape recording as a block diagram
  • FIG. 2 likewise as a block diagram, the preprocessing section according to FIG. 1; 3: the data organization in a macro block; 4: also as a block diagram the coding section according to Fig.l; 5: a separation stage as a detail of a coding section as a block diagram; 6: the pre-analyzer as a further detail of the coding section as a block diagram and FIG. 7: a basic illustration for the data organization of a product block for magnetic tape recording.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic system overview with a subdivision into four signal processing sections, some of which consist of parallel subsystems.
  • PRE. PROC. SECT. PRE. PROC. SECT.
  • the parallel subsystems in sections 200 and 300 are constructed identically and work, with the same compression factors in section 200, completely independently of one another.
  • Section 200 consists of parallel coding stages; there an orthogonal transformation coding, e.g. DCT (D_is crete cosine transform) and a shunting process performed.
  • DCT D_is crete cosine transform
  • a post-processing section 300 (post-processing section POST PROC. SECT.) Is used in each of the parallel subsystems to treat the coded data in a manner that is specified by the track image specification of the specific recorder applications. Such treatment essentially includes measures to protect against errors. FIG. 7 and the associated description that follows below deal with details of this.
  • FIGS. 2 to 6 deal with the essential details of signal processing in sections 100 and 200 and those in section 300.
  • the signals Y, CR and CB that are supplied in fields are first stored.
  • three frame memories 110, 111, 112 are provided when components Y, CR, CB are supplied.
  • the luminance signals Y comprise twice as many pixels per line as a chrominance signal CR or CB, so that half the memory capacity of the frame memory 110 is required for the frame memories 111 and 112.
  • the stored data of each frame for luminance Y and chrominance CR, CB are stored as blocks of e.g. 8 x 8 pixels each read out. As shown in FIG. 2, line / block converters 120, 121, 122 are provided for this function. With the 4: 2: 2 studio system mentioned here as an example, there are twice as many Y data blocks as CR or CB data blocks per frame.
  • a multiplexer 130 combines these data blocks, in the case of a 4: 2: 2 system each four 8 x 8 data blocks, into so-called macro blocks. 3 shows such a macroblock.
  • each macroblock represents the smallest further processable unit of a frame with the associated luminance and chrominance data.
  • the macroblocks that arise in the preprocessing section 100 are distributed to the subsequent parallel subsystems of the coding section 200 via a de-multiplexer 140.
  • the information content of a full image should be divided as evenly as possible. This is necessary above all for such television pictures with a significantly different distribution of the information content in some areas within a full picture, for example in landscape or in general in outdoor took with them areas of the picture poor in details or rich in details.
  • the subdivision of a full picture into a plurality of macroblocks makes it possible to scramble them and to provide the information content of the full picture with a small fluctuation range to the subsequent parallel subsystems.
  • Macroblocks of a frame that come serially from multiplexer 130 to demultiplexer 140 are e.g. divided cyclically according to a rule that can be found in the table below:
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of one of the parallel subsystems of the coding section 200 Macroblocks reordered image data with respect to the data rate for subsequent recording reduced.
  • Macroblocks which are supplied by the demultiplexer 140 of the preprocessing section 100, arrive in parallel at a decision circuit 210 (DECID.) And at a device 211 (INTRAFIELD- / INTRAFRAME-DCT) for adaptive orthogonal transformation - DCT - of the data blocks of each Macroblocks.
  • the decision circuit 210 determines whether an intrafield or an intraframe transformation is to be carried out in the device 211 for the respective data block.
  • the decision criterion for this results from the extent of the movement content of the patterns of the two field parts contained in the data block.
  • W&S Weighting & Scanning
  • the spectral coefficients are evaluated as a function of their position in the spectral coefficient data block, and the reading is then carried out according to a rule that forces zero values as far as possible at the end of the data sequence.
  • the data sequences formed in this way contain a value for the constant envelope (DC value) and several values for the alternating components (AC values).
  • the alternating components are separated into significant (MS-AC) and less significant (LS-AC).
  • a separation device 213 is used to carry out this signal processing process.
  • a highly efficient coding can be carried out, which can be specifically controlled from frame to frame and also allows hianus to take into account individual specifications for each macroblock.
  • a pre-analyzer 220 (PRE ANAL.) Is provided, the functioning of which is explained with reference to FIG. 6.
  • a quantizer 221 (QA N AL.) Is operated with a setting which is constant per frame and which is derived from the last frame period in each case. The bit rate is measured at its output, which is required for coding the VLC-relevant data of the respective macroblock with this setting. Each of these measured values is determined in a counter 222 (COUNT.) And from there it arrives both at a frame buffer 223 and at an accumulator 224 which forms the total value of the VLC-relevant bit rates which is required for this frame.
  • This total value is compared as the requested actual value in a scaler 225 (SCAL.) With the setpoint value of the bit rate that is available for the VLC-relevant data of this frame, and has the effect that, depending on the deviation, the value of a factor is changed with the a rule for the distribution of the data rate among the macroblocks of this frame is formed in a multiplier 226. If the deviation of the factor from the value 1 is significant, the setting of the quantizer 221 can be changed by the scaler 225 via a controller 227 (CONTR.) For the duration of the next frame period. In the steady state of the system, the factor practically does not deviate from the value 1; the steady state is achieved in this way, for example after an image cut, after approximately two full images.
  • the same data that arrives at the pre-analyzer 220 are fed to an adaptive quantizer 240 (ADAPT. QUANT.)
  • ADAPT. QUANT. adaptive quantizer 240
  • a frame buffer 231 delayed by the duration of a frame period.
  • the setting of the quantization characteristics for each macroblock is adapted there.
  • the adaptive quantizer 240 processes the data supplied to it with its last quantization setting, there are three possibilities: either this setting is also good for the acute working phase or it leads to a too high or too low data rate per macroblock. In both cases of a deviation, readjustment must take place; this is done as follows:
  • An encoder 241 which receives the data sequences from the adaptive quantizer 240 and, for example, supplies the final VLC data via a stored Huffman table, also indicates the actual consumption of VLC data per macroblock.
  • This actual value is supplied to a data rate control ⁇ 242 (RATE CONTR.) Connected between this value and the result of the preliminary analysis, that is, the distribution rule for the VLC Data rate of a full image on the associated macroblocks (see also FIG. 6) forms a reference variable for each macroblock for readjusting the setting of the adaptive quantizer 240.
  • the data rate controller 242 is initialized by the scaler 225 (see FIG. 6) at the beginning of a frame period. If there is a considerable deviation in the scaling factor, the steady state is achieved after only one full image.
  • a further criterion for the setting of the adaptive quantizer 240 is the detail content of a macro block. Since a macroblock rich in details can be quantified more coarsely than a poor in details for physiological reasons, a redistribution of the data rates from macroblock to macroblock leads to a subjective improvement in quality.
  • a classifier 250 (CLASS.) Carries out such examinations simultaneously with the processes taking place in the pre-analyzer 220, so that the examination results of the classifier 250 can be taken into account there in situ.
  • the adaptive quantizer 240 also receives these examination results, but is delayed by a frame buffer 232 by the duration of a frame period.
  • the signal processing in the coding section 200 is completed with respect to the VLC data with a VLC buffer memory 260 (BUFF.).
  • the coded data written there with a variable bit rate is read out with a constant bit rate.
  • the VLC buffer memory 260 cannot overflow or overflow because this is precluded by the preliminary analysis. No level control is required here.
  • a corresponding buffer memory 270 Closes the FLC branch of the coding section 200.
  • FLC multiplexer 271 converts the control data, which is delayed by frame buffers 233, 234 by the duration of one frame period, from the decision-making circuit 210 or the FLC-relevant Image data from the separator 213 and control data from the adaptive quantizer 240 are combined.
  • VLC and FLC data sequences leave the subsystems of the coding section 200 in full frame synchronization and now reach the postprocessing section 300.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the data organization which is brought about in the postprocessing section 300 and is provided for the recording in section 400 (cf. also FIG. 1).
  • ctor array memories which are usually used for the calculation of two-dimensional error protection, are also used to summarize the associated FLC and VLC data.
  • a so-called product block contains the information for synchronization SYNC in the first columns. and identification ID .. This is followed by the FLC data with the minimal information for recognizing images in the fast search.
  • the FLC1 and FLC2 data come from two different macro blocks written directly one after the other.
  • the VLC data fill the product block except for the areas reserved for two-dimensional error protection, CHECK OUTER CODE / CHECK INNER CODE.
  • the numbers in FIG. 7 refer to bytes and apply to the track image specification of a special recorder application.
  • the residual error rate that can be adhered to is better than 10 " 1 ⁇ .
  • the system according to the invention can also be designed as an interframe method - for a limited number of full pictures (group of pictures).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

Les signaux numériques de télévision couleur présentant une largeur importante de bande correspondant aux normes (projets de normes) fixés pour les systèmes futurs de télévision haute définition nécessitent une réduction de données pour l'enregistrement sur bande magnétique. Il doit donc être possible d'effectuer des coupures d'images des recherches rapides, des ralentis et d'obtenir des images fixes avec une qualité d'image optimale. Dans un système modulaire comportant le plus possible de composants du même type et avec le contenu d'information des images individuelles réparti par macroblocs, un codage est effectué avec un haut degré de précision et d'efficacité par transformation orthogonale et séparation des données en données FLC (fixed length coding = codage à longueur fixe) et VLC (variable length coding = codage à longueur variable), ce qui permet d'exploiter de façon optimale la capacité des données disponibles pour chaque canal d'enregistrement par un réglage d'avance basé sur une rétroaction par impulsion d'image.
PCT/DE1993/000571 1992-06-26 1993-06-25 Procede de traitement de signaux numeriques de television couleur pour l'enregistrement sur bande magnetique WO1994000955A1 (fr)

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DE4221259A DE4221259A1 (de) 1992-06-26 1992-06-26 Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von digitalen Farbfernsehsignalen für die Magnetband-Aufzeichnung
DEP4221259.6 1992-06-26

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0717567A2 (fr) * 1994-12-16 1996-06-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Codeur vidéo avec contrÔle du débit de données
EP0717567A3 (fr) * 1994-12-16 2006-05-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Codeur vidéo avec contrôle du débit de données

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