WO1994000891A1 - Surfaces selectives en frequence pouvant etre reconfigurees - Google Patents

Surfaces selectives en frequence pouvant etre reconfigurees Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994000891A1
WO1994000891A1 PCT/GB1992/001172 GB9201172W WO9400891A1 WO 1994000891 A1 WO1994000891 A1 WO 1994000891A1 GB 9201172 W GB9201172 W GB 9201172W WO 9400891 A1 WO9400891 A1 WO 9400891A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
array
elements
arrays
frequency
frequency selective
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1992/001172
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Costas Vardaxoglou
Original Assignee
Loughborough University Of Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Loughborough University Of Technology filed Critical Loughborough University Of Technology
Priority to PCT/GB1992/001172 priority Critical patent/WO1994000891A1/fr
Publication of WO1994000891A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994000891A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/204—Filters in which spectral selection is performed by means of a conductive grid or array, e.g. frequency selective surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters

Definitions

  • a frequency selective surface is an array of antenna elements that acts as a passive electromagnetic filter.
  • the surface may comprise an array of electrical ⁇ ly condu tive elements on a dielectric substrate or, alternatively, a plurality of apertures in a conductive surface.
  • Electromagnetic waves incident on a surface comprising an array of conductive elements are reflected from the surface only in a narrow band of frequencies and are transmitted at other frequencies. With an array of apertures, electromagnetic waves are transmitted only in a narrow band of frequencies.
  • Such surfaces can be used as multiplexers or radomes in communications systems and can operate at microwave frequencies, including mm-waves, up to infrared and optical frequencies.
  • a reconfigurable frequency selective surface comprising at least two arrays of elements, the arrays being arranged in close proximity with one another so that elements of a first array are closely coupled with elements of a second array adjacent to the first array, the first array being displaceable with respect to the second array to adjust the frequency response of the surface.
  • the frequency selective surface allows the frequency response of an antenna installation to be reconfigured without having to replace one surface with another.
  • the inductive effect found with single arrays, does not occur, and there is no major deterioration in the band widths or band spacing ratio as the displacement in ⁇ creases.
  • the response of the reconfigurable surface is therefore stable throughout the frequency range.
  • the first and second arrays may be substantially parallel with one another.
  • the array elements may be conductive elements on a dielectric substrate, or apertures in a conductive substrate, or a combination of the above.
  • the first and second arrays may have a separation of no more than 0.03 wavelengths, and preferably no more than 0.003 wavelengths of the electromagnetic waves having the resonant frequency of the surface. For example, when microwaves of frequency 30GHz are to be reflected, the separation is advantageously no more than 0.225mm and preferably no more than 0.025mm.
  • the first array may be displaceable relative to the second array in a direction parallel to the surfaces of the arrays.
  • the frequency selective surface may be reconfigured by rotating the first array with respect to the second array, or by altering the distance and/or the medium separating the first array from the second array. Using that configuration, there is no limit to the distance separating the arrays.
  • the array elements may be parallel linear dipoles, and the at least one array may be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the linear dipoles.
  • a method of reconfiguring a frequency selective surface comprising at least two arrays of elements arranged in close proximity with one another so that the elements of a first array are closely-coupled with elements of a second array adjacent to the first array, wherein the first array is displaced with respect to the second array to adjust the frequency response of the surface.
  • a method of reconfiguring a beam associated with a grating lobe wherein the periodicity of a reconfigur ⁇ able frequency selective surface as described above is adjusted by altering the relative positions of the first and second arrays of the frequency selective surface.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a frequency selective surface
  • Figure 2 is a cross-section through the surface
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of a part of the surface
  • Figure 4 shows the frequency response of a frequency selective surface
  • Figure 5 shows the variation of the frequency response as the surface is reconfigured.
  • the frequency selective surface consists of two parallel arrays 1,2 of elements 3.
  • the array elements 3 may be electrically conductive elements, such as dipoles printed on a dielectric substrate or, alternatively, they may be apertures, such as slots, formed in a conductive surface (Babinet's compliment of the former).
  • the two arrays 1,2 are arranged in close proximity with one another, so that the elements 3 of the first array 1 are closely coupled with the elements of the second array 2.
  • the separation S of the arrays is as small as possible, whilst ensuring that the elements of the first array 1 are electrically insulated from the elements of the second array 2 , and will generally be of the order of 0.03 wavelengths or less, although this will depend on the particular array design, and the dielectric constant of the substrate.
  • the second array 2 is displaceable relative to the first array 1 by a small distance DS.
  • the second array 2 can be displaced transversely, parallel to the surfaces of the arrays, in the direction of the Y-axis.
  • Other types of displacement are, however, possible: for example, the second array 2 could be displaced in the direction of the X-axis or the Z-axis (thereby altering the distance S separating the two arrays) or it could be rotated about the Z-axis, or displaced in any combination of those directions.
  • the elements 3 of the first array 1 lie directly over the elements of the second array 2, thereby shadowing the second array 2 from the incident electromagnetic waves.
  • the frequency response of the surface is then similar to that of a single array and, as shown in figure 4, includes a narrow reflection band and upper and lower transmission bands.
  • the letters f R denote the reflection band centre frequency, which corresponds to the. resonant frequency of the surface, and the letters f ⁇ denote the frequency of the lower transmission band.
  • the frequencies f R and f ⁇ of the reflection and transmission bands are determined by the length of the antenna elements 3 and the size of the array.
  • the first array 1 has a plurality of elements 3 of length LI
  • the second array 2 has a plurality of elements of length L2.
  • the second array 2 When, as shown in figure 2, the second array 2 is displaced transversely in the direction Y by a distance DS, the ends of the elements 3 of the second array 2 then extend by a small distance DL beyond the ends of the elements of the first array 1. Since the elements of the two arrays are closely coupled, this produces an increase in the overall effective length of each element, which affects the frequency response of the surface. As shown in figure 5, the reflection frequency f R of the surface is shifted by an amount that is approximately proportional to the displacement DS. The frequency response of the surface can similarly be translated by displacing the second array 2 in the X or Z directions, by rotating it about the Z-axis, or by any combination of those movements.
  • the particular frequency selective surface consists of two arrays 1,2 of linear dipoles 3, printed in a square lattice on a 0.037mm thick dielectric substrate of dielectric constant 3.
  • L represents the length of the antenna element
  • W the element's width
  • D the side length of the unit cell (equal to the separation of adjacent antenna elements).
  • L 4.3mm
  • L 3.25mm
  • Each array is square, having sides of length 20cm, and the separation S between the arrays is about 0.225mm.
  • the frequency response of the surface is similar to that of a single array having the dimensions and lattice arrangement of the first array 1.
  • Resonance takes place at frequencies of about 31GHz and 27GHz for normal and TE:45° states of incidence respectively.
  • the elements 3 of the second array 2 completely fill the gaps between the elements of the first array 1, and so a further increase in the displacement DS has no further effect on the frequency response of the surface.
  • the antenna elements may be dipoles, cross- dipoles, tripoles, Jerusalem crosses, squares, open-ended loops or any other type of antenna element.
  • the elements need not necessarily be arranged periodically and the arrays may be planar or curved.
  • the frequency selective surface may further consist of two or more closely- coupled arrays of elements, and the respective arrays may either be displaced in a direction parallel to the surfaces of the arrays, or rotated or their separation altered, or the medium separating the arrays may be adjusted (for example, by adjusting its dielectric constant) .
  • the relative displacement of the two arrays may be controlled in various different ways.
  • pieoelectric actuators can be used to control the precise relative movement of the arrays, and the arrays can be printed directly onto the piezoelectric material.
  • the frequency selective surface may have piezoelectric actuators positioned at some sub-areas of its surface, i.e. not everywhere on its surface. Such an arrangement could, for example, be used to align a FSS on a satel ⁇ lite.
  • the arrays can be mounted at a small separation and air pumped from the gap between the arrays to alter their separation.
  • Another application of the reconfigurable frequency selective surface is to reconfigure the beam associated with grating lobes.
  • Grating lobes are radiated by the frequency selective surface when the wavelength at which the surface is operating is approximately equal to or smaller than the separation of the elements in the surface (the periodicity of the surface).
  • the spatial position of the grating lobes depends in part on the periodicity of the surface, and since the periodicity can be adjusted by moving one of the arrays relative to the other one, the direction of the beam associated with those lobes can be adjusted simply by altering the relative positions of the arrays.
  • the operating frequen ⁇ cy can be kept fixed, and the transmitted or reflected beam can be scanned over a range or adjusted according to the changes in the periodicity, thereby providing a periodicity scan array.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

Une surface sélective en fréquence pouvant être reconfigurée comprend au moins deux ensembles (1, 2) d'éléments (3), ces ensembles (1, 2) étant placés très proches l'un de l'autre de façon que les éléments (3) du premier ensemble (1) sont étroitement connectés aux éléments (3) du second ensemble (2) adjacent au premier ensemble (1). Le premier ensemble (1) peut être déplacé par rapport au second (2) afin de régler la réponse en fréquence de la surface.
PCT/GB1992/001172 1992-06-29 1992-06-29 Surfaces selectives en frequence pouvant etre reconfigurees WO1994000891A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB1992/001172 WO1994000891A1 (fr) 1992-06-29 1992-06-29 Surfaces selectives en frequence pouvant etre reconfigurees

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB1992/001172 WO1994000891A1 (fr) 1992-06-29 1992-06-29 Surfaces selectives en frequence pouvant etre reconfigurees

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994000891A1 true WO1994000891A1 (fr) 1994-01-06

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WO (1) WO1994000891A1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1075712A1 (fr) * 1998-03-30 2001-02-14 The Regents Of The University Of California Circuit destine a supprimer des courants de surface sur des metaux et technique afferente
WO2001069719A2 (fr) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-20 Hrl Laboratories, Llc. Fenêtre radioélectrique
WO2001073892A2 (fr) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-04 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenne ou antenne reseau, a rayonnement longitudinal, dotee d'une impedance reglable
US6426722B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2002-07-30 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Polarization converting radio frequency reflecting surface
US6483481B1 (en) 2000-11-14 2002-11-19 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Textured surface having high electromagnetic impedance in multiple frequency bands
US6518931B1 (en) 2000-03-15 2003-02-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Vivaldi cloverleaf antenna
US6545647B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-04-08 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna system for communicating simultaneously with a satellite and a terrestrial system
US6552696B1 (en) 2000-03-29 2003-04-22 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Electronically tunable reflector
US6670921B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-12-30 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low-cost HDMI-D packaging technique for integrating an efficient reconfigurable antenna array with RF MEMS switches and a high impedance surface
US6739028B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2004-05-25 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Molded high impedance surface and a method of making same
JP2004150966A (ja) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-27 Fujitsu Ltd アレーアンテナ
US8212739B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2012-07-03 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Multiband tunable impedance surface
US8982011B1 (en) 2011-09-23 2015-03-17 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Conformal antennas for mitigation of structural blockage
US8994609B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2015-03-31 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Conformal surface wave feed
US20150138547A1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2015-05-21 Elmos Semiconductor Ag Apparatus for selectively transmitting the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation within a predefined wavelength range
US9466887B2 (en) 2010-11-03 2016-10-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low cost, 2D, electronically-steerable, artificial-impedance-surface antenna
US10247662B2 (en) * 2013-07-09 2019-04-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Integrated computational elements with frequency selective surface

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB600433A (en) * 1945-10-31 1948-04-08 Henry George Booker Improvements in or relating to wireless aerials
US4307404A (en) * 1978-03-20 1981-12-22 Harris Corporation Dichroic scanner for conscan antenna feed systems
EP0468623A1 (fr) * 1990-07-24 1992-01-29 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Assemblage stratifié de surfaces sélectives en fréquence et procédé adapté de modulation des caractéristiques de puissance et fréquence
GB2253519A (en) * 1990-09-07 1992-09-09 Univ Loughborough Reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB600433A (en) * 1945-10-31 1948-04-08 Henry George Booker Improvements in or relating to wireless aerials
US4307404A (en) * 1978-03-20 1981-12-22 Harris Corporation Dichroic scanner for conscan antenna feed systems
EP0468623A1 (fr) * 1990-07-24 1992-01-29 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Assemblage stratifié de surfaces sélectives en fréquence et procédé adapté de modulation des caractéristiques de puissance et fréquence
GB2253519A (en) * 1990-09-07 1992-09-09 Univ Loughborough Reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 19TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE September 1989, LONDON/UK pages 863 - 868 VARDAXOGLOU ET AL. 'SINGLE AND DOUBLE LAYER FSS OF TRIPOLE ARRAYS' *

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1075712A1 (fr) * 1998-03-30 2001-02-14 The Regents Of The University Of California Circuit destine a supprimer des courants de surface sur des metaux et technique afferente
US6426722B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2002-07-30 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Polarization converting radio frequency reflecting surface
WO2001069719A2 (fr) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-20 Hrl Laboratories, Llc. Fenêtre radioélectrique
WO2001069719A3 (fr) * 2000-03-14 2002-02-28 Hrl Lab Llc Fenêtre radioélectrique
US6812903B1 (en) 2000-03-14 2004-11-02 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Radio frequency aperture
US6518931B1 (en) 2000-03-15 2003-02-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Vivaldi cloverleaf antenna
WO2001073892A2 (fr) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-04 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenne ou antenne reseau, a rayonnement longitudinal, dotee d'une impedance reglable
WO2001073892A3 (fr) * 2000-03-29 2002-09-19 Hrl Lab Llc Antenne ou antenne reseau, a rayonnement longitudinal, dotee d'une impedance reglable
US6552696B1 (en) 2000-03-29 2003-04-22 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Electronically tunable reflector
US6483481B1 (en) 2000-11-14 2002-11-19 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Textured surface having high electromagnetic impedance in multiple frequency bands
US6670921B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-12-30 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low-cost HDMI-D packaging technique for integrating an efficient reconfigurable antenna array with RF MEMS switches and a high impedance surface
US6739028B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2004-05-25 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Molded high impedance surface and a method of making same
US6545647B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-04-08 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna system for communicating simultaneously with a satellite and a terrestrial system
US7197800B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2007-04-03 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Method of making a high impedance surface
JP2004150966A (ja) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-27 Fujitsu Ltd アレーアンテナ
US8212739B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2012-07-03 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Multiband tunable impedance surface
US9466887B2 (en) 2010-11-03 2016-10-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low cost, 2D, electronically-steerable, artificial-impedance-surface antenna
US8982011B1 (en) 2011-09-23 2015-03-17 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Conformal antennas for mitigation of structural blockage
US8994609B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2015-03-31 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Conformal surface wave feed
US20150138547A1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2015-05-21 Elmos Semiconductor Ag Apparatus for selectively transmitting the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation within a predefined wavelength range
US9958320B2 (en) * 2012-05-07 2018-05-01 Elmos Semiconductor Ag Apparatus for selectively transmitting the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation within a predefined wavelength range
US10247662B2 (en) * 2013-07-09 2019-04-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Integrated computational elements with frequency selective surface

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