WO1993022710A1 - Enregistrement et reproduction d'images, de son numerique et de son analogique sur film photochimique - Google Patents
Enregistrement et reproduction d'images, de son numerique et de son analogique sur film photochimique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993022710A1 WO1993022710A1 PCT/FR1993/000428 FR9300428W WO9322710A1 WO 1993022710 A1 WO1993022710 A1 WO 1993022710A1 FR 9300428 W FR9300428 W FR 9300428W WO 9322710 A1 WO9322710 A1 WO 9322710A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- images
- format
- film
- image
- digital
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B31/00—Associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording or sound-reproducing means
- G03B31/02—Associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording or sound-reproducing means in which sound track is on a moving-picture film
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/002—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the shape or form of the carrier
- G11B7/003—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the shape or form of the carrier with webs, filaments or wires, e.g. belts, spooled tapes or films of quasi-infinite extent
- G11B7/0032—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the shape or form of the carrier with webs, filaments or wires, e.g. belts, spooled tapes or films of quasi-infinite extent for moving-picture soundtracks, i.e. cinema
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention relates to the cinematographic, telecine and audiovisual industries.
- 35 mm negative films used for recording images or sound have a lower definition than the positive film used for image and sound reproduction. At the projection, the grain of the negative will appear first.
- Projection in a 70 mm positive film room is marginal because it is too expensive and generally not compatible with other projectors fitted to the same multi-room complex.
- the brightness of the projection is penalized by a loss of about 50% of the light emitted by the light source during the shutter times necessary for moving the film.
- the most powerful light sources for 35 mm reach 7000 watts and are barely sufficient for areas up to 160 m 2 .
- 35mm is analog. Its bandwidth in the best of cases does not exceed 12.5 KHz.
- Dol ⁇ by A and Dolby SR (trademarks) commonly used, it remains very sensitive to dust and scratches inevitable in the life of a film in use. Sound performance in theaters is unfortunately very dependent on the film production process and the quality of the playback system of the projection device.
- the 70 mm 6 magnetic tracks provides an improvement for the definition of the film (larger surface area per second).
- the • j _5 three other image parameters remain unchanged.
- the quality of the 6-track magnetic sound also justified its survival despite its non-compatibility with most installations.
- This process uses the space left free between the perforations. It is compatible because it preserves the traditional analog track.
- the system uses the information from the analog track as soon as the digital information is no longer sufficient to reconstruct the signal.
- Giant screens from 80 to 230 m 2 . They represent the trend of the new cinema concept. They mainly use the standard 35 mm, sometimes the 70 mm 24 frames / second and for a few rare exploits the Show Scan in short film.
- the first has satisfactory image quality.
- the current 35mm offers an unsatisfactory solution.
- the 70 mm 24 fps processes are subject to strobe effects and flicker.
- the present invention allows recording and reproduction on the same film support.
- the invention makes it possible to remedy globally
- the invention also allows television professionals:
- the new format works at 48 or 50 images / second for 2 perforations per image in 35 mm (see Figure 1/1).
- the shooting of the new format will be done in 48 or 50 images / second on 35 mm film at the rate of
- a modified cinema projector will be necessary for the projection of the new format at 48 to 60 and in particular 48-50 images / second. Its main features will be: - reading of the auxiliary digital tracks (2) and (3),
- the light output is improved because the shutter speed is such that the illumination times can be increased by a factor of 1.5 by result.
- the subjective quality of screen images up to 230 m 2 is then satisfactory, the four factors on which it depends being improved.
- the new format has a recording ratio of around 2.00 (6). It is therefore located halfway between the requirements for TVHL recordings (ratio 1 / 1.77) (7) and the largest cinema screens (ratio 1 / 2.35) (8). Besides this practical aspect (no more wasted dilemma between choosing an image recording for TV or cinema), it finally allows the room to choose a fixed screen ratio between 1 / 1.77 and 1 / 2.35 according to its architecture. (Ultimately, no more problems related to the use of mechanisms to vary the position of screen covers in rooms and mechanisms for changing the projector objectives).
- the operator must take into account the alignment screen (10) of a ratio of about 1 / 2.00 so that the film is satisfactory health 5 for screen sizes from 1 / 1.77 and 1 / 2.35.
- the recording process on the main digital track (4) by optical means It allows to record: o ⁇ 5 main sound channels, 20 to 20,000 Hz
- the information is divided into 16-bit words which are distributed chronologically as a function of the number of 20 KHz bandwidth channels desired to form the SON blocks. Likewise for dialogue channels at 10 KHz bandwidth, 16-bit word blocks are made to define them.
- TEXT tracks in which one can put subtitling or any other information intended to be displayed in front of the screen by another projection method such as the laser or an electroluminescent display. This information can also be used by advertisers.
- the text is an ASCII code with macro commands allowing to define attributes such as blinking, double size, etc.
- TEXT tracks as desired languages.
- the sampling frequency for the SOUND pis ⁇ is 44 KHz, or 16'44 Kbits per second, the compression rate being 4, a bit rate of 176 Kbits per second is required for each SOUND channel.
- the TEXT, SMPTE, MIDI and INFO tracks have an identical total bandwidth of 176 Kbits per second and form a so-called TLV track (Type Length Values); the Type on 2 bits indicates if the TLV contains TEXT, a SMPTE code, a MIDI code or an INFO code; the length in words over 14 bits indicates the size of the value and the value is contained in the following words.
- the actual bit rate reaches around 3172 Kbits per second.
- the surface available on 35 mm film is 455.04 mm (per second), 2.527 mm (width of the digital track), i.e. an area of 1150 mm 2 . This gives a utilization rate with compression of approximately 361 square microns per bit, i.e. a square of 19 microns aside.
- the AUXILIARY digital tracks (2) and (3) will be used to record and reproduce digital information, for example additional dialogue channels. As there is more wear at this point in the film, the information will be considerably larger and the redundancy will be such that the tracks can always be read reliably in operation.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Studio Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9205533A FR2691005B1 (fr) | 1992-05-05 | 1992-05-05 | Enregistrement et reproduction d'images, de son numérique et de son analogique sur film photochimique. |
FR92/05533 | 1992-05-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993022710A1 true WO1993022710A1 (fr) | 1993-11-11 |
Family
ID=9429550
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1993/000428 WO1993022710A1 (fr) | 1992-05-05 | 1993-05-04 | Enregistrement et reproduction d'images, de son numerique et de son analogique sur film photochimique |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU4073993A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2691005B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993022710A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5856057A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1999-01-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Chromogenic sound recording film |
US5955255A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1999-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Sound recording film |
US6713224B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2004-03-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Sound recording film |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3751144A (en) * | 1970-06-09 | 1973-08-07 | Constantin Gmbh | Copying cinematographic film |
GB2013357A (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1979-08-08 | Butler M T | Means for postproduction film-making |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4306781A (en) * | 1980-01-21 | 1981-12-22 | John Mosely | Multi-channel sound and data system |
AT362232B (de) * | 1980-02-19 | 1981-04-27 | Benesch Fred Ing | Einrichtung zur wiedergabe der nachtraeglichen synchronen uebersetzung der sprache von film- kopien mit lichtton |
US4600280A (en) * | 1984-07-16 | 1986-07-15 | Clark Lloyd D | Digital audio recording/playback system for motion picture film |
-
1992
- 1992-05-05 FR FR9205533A patent/FR2691005B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-05-04 AU AU40739/93A patent/AU4073993A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-04 WO PCT/FR1993/000428 patent/WO1993022710A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3751144A (en) * | 1970-06-09 | 1973-08-07 | Constantin Gmbh | Copying cinematographic film |
GB2013357A (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1979-08-08 | Butler M T | Means for postproduction film-making |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5955255A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1999-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Sound recording film |
US5856057A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1999-01-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Chromogenic sound recording film |
US6713224B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2004-03-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Sound recording film |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4073993A (en) | 1993-11-29 |
FR2691005A1 (fr) | 1993-11-12 |
FR2691005B1 (fr) | 1995-01-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Read et al. | Restoration of motion picture film | |
Enticknap | Moving image technology: From zoetrope to digital | |
Belton | Digital cinema: a false revolution | |
EP0730272A3 (fr) | Milieu d'enregistrement, appareil et méthode d'enregistrement de données sur ce milieu d'enregistrement et méthode de reproduction de données du milieu d'enregistrement | |
WO1993022710A1 (fr) | Enregistrement et reproduction d'images, de son numerique et de son analogique sur film photochimique | |
EP0473677B1 (fr) | Dispositif haute fidelite de reproduction du son pour le cinema | |
CA2490879A1 (fr) | Appareil et methode de reproduction, et support d'enregistrement associe | |
Schreger | The Second coming of sound | |
Mbura | Effects of Digitalization on the Three-tier Structure of Tanzania’s Film Industry | |
Malsky | The Grandeur (s) of CinemaScope: Early Experiments in Cinematic Stereophony | |
Lütticken | Viewing copies: On the mobility of moving images | |
Dead et al. | The analogue undead | |
James | Fix It In Post: Solutions for Postproduction Problems | |
Wurtzler | Sound and domestic screens | |
Hockenberry et al. | On the Performance of Playback for Dead Media Devices | |
Fossati | Notes on the 2004 Joint Technical Symposium: Preserving the AudioVisual Heritage-Transition and Access | |
Clark et al. | The Status of Cinematography Today | |
Nebeker | Motion pictures [Scanning Our Past] | |
Hudíková | Film Look of a Digital Movie | |
Peters | All There is to See: Film Restoration and Access in the Digital Age | |
Anaya | AURA FOOTPRINTS OF EARLY CINEMA | |
Isaac | Go wild for wildlife: exemplifying action through the use of digital video | |
Laiho | Three letters to a child: Producing a documentary film with mid-range technology | |
Greatorex | CHAMELEONS-Theatrical Experiments in Style, Genre and Multi-Media Macintosh CD-ROM, produced by the Department of Media and Performance, University of Salford, UK | |
Lauber | Archival Ethics and Digital Film Restoration |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR CA CH CZ DE DK ES FI GB HU JP KP KR LK LU MG MN MW NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SK UA US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: US Ref document number: 1994 175342 Date of ref document: 19940526 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |