WO1993022580A1 - Friction material - Google Patents
Friction material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993022580A1 WO1993022580A1 PCT/GB1993/000751 GB9300751W WO9322580A1 WO 1993022580 A1 WO1993022580 A1 WO 1993022580A1 GB 9300751 W GB9300751 W GB 9300751W WO 9322580 A1 WO9322580 A1 WO 9322580A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- friction
- reactive metal
- reactive
- calcium
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021346 calcium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 reinforcing fibres Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
Definitions
- This invention is concerned with friction material, for example friction material for use in brake pads or brake linings for vehicles or machinery.
- This method involves encapsulating particles of alkali material in a coating material which is substantially inert in relation to the uncured binder, the coating material, however, being capable of being abraded from the particles to expose the alkali material as the friction material wears in service.
- the alkali and the coating material therefor has to be added to the friction material at the expense of other materials which contribute to the friction characteristics of the material, the alkali and the coating therefor giving substantially no contribution to the friction characteristics.
- the encapsulation of the alkali material is somewhat complex.
- the invention provides a friction material characterised in that the material has a reactive metal selected from calcium, lithium, sodium and potassium distributed therein which, as it becomes exposed due to wear of the friction material in service, is capable of reacting with water to form a highly alkaline hydroxide.
- a friction material according to the invention does not have added alkali material but rather the alkali is created as the reactive material becomes exposed at points where it is needed.
- alkali material is made available as required without the disadvantages of the method of the above-mentioned patent application.
- the required water can be obtained from atmospheric moisture.
- the material is described herein as being capable of reacting with water to form a highly active alkaline hydroxide, it is not intended to exclude a two-stage reaction in which the hydroxide is produced from an intermediate compound, e.g. where calcium is used this may first react with atmospheric oxygen to form calcium oxide which then reacts with atmospheric water to form calcium hydroxide.
- the unreacted metal can contribute to the friction characteristics.
- the reactive metal may be present as an intermetallic compound, for example calcium silicide (about 30% of calcium and 70% of silicon) or calcium aluminide (about 75% of calcium and 25% of aluminium) .
- intermetallic compounds have the advantage of not being as reactive as some of the metals aforementioned so that they can be more easily handled during the formation of the friction material.
- the reactive metal may be alloyed before incorporation in the friction material to reduce its reactivity and thereby make it easier to handle or it may be encapsulated in a capping material which is not reactive with other materials in the friction material.
- the capping material may, for example, be a resin or an oxide or other compound formed by chemical reaction on the surface of the material. If desired, the metal may be both alloyed and capped. Also the aforementioned intermetallic compounds may be capped.
- the above- identified metals also give cathodic protection against electrolytic corrosion. It is known to add metals to friction materials for this purpose, such as zinc or aluminium, but these metals produce hydroxides which are insufficiently soluble to enable effective combating of corrosion-stiction. It is desirable to aim for an alkali giving a pH greater than or equal to 12.
- the reactive metals mentioned above as possible reactive materials can also be used to provide reinforcement for the friction material. It is known to add metals such as steel, copper or brass as reinforcement, for example in the form of fibres or wires but known reinforcements are not reactive. Where it is intended that the reactive metal should also assist in reinforcement, the reactive metal may be provided in the- form of flakes, or as fibres, or as wires.
- brake pads were prepared from a conventional mixture of powdered phenolic resin, reinforcing fibres, fillers, graphite powder and metal particles (15% by weight) .
- the metal particles were of brass (approximately 0.5mm in diameter).
- an identical mixture was used for preparing further brake pads but with the brass particles replaced by the same weight percentage of similarly sized particles of a calcium silicon alloy/inter-metallic compound (30% by weight calcium and 70% by weight silicon) .
- the brake pads When the brake pads had cured, they were abraded to simulate the wear in service and to reveal fresh surfaces within the pads thereby exposing metallic particles of the brass or of the alloy/inter-metallic compound. The abraded surfaces were moistened and their pH values were measured using indicator papers. For the pads containing the brass particles, the pH value was approximately 7, i.e. insufficient to inhibit corrosion stiction. For the pads containing the alloy/inter-metallic compound, the pH value was above 12, i.e. sufficient to inhibit corrosion stiction.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93908018A EP0637363A1 (en) | 1992-04-23 | 1993-04-08 | Friction material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9208819.4 | 1992-04-23 | ||
GB929208819A GB9208819D0 (en) | 1992-04-23 | 1992-04-23 | Friction material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993022580A1 true WO1993022580A1 (en) | 1993-11-11 |
Family
ID=10714454
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1993/000751 WO1993022580A1 (en) | 1992-04-23 | 1993-04-08 | Friction material |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0637363A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3901193A (en) |
GB (2) | GB9208819D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993022580A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012203760A1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | friction brake lining |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111720464B (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2022-05-27 | 青岛理工大学 | Brake pad with low wear rate and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2091803A1 (en) * | 1970-05-21 | 1972-01-14 | Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1288124A (en) * | 1970-01-23 | 1972-09-06 | ||
US3898361A (en) * | 1973-06-04 | 1975-08-05 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Fluoroelastomer-based composite material |
BE844043R (en) * | 1975-07-14 | 1977-01-12 | COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON FLUORINE ELASTOMERS | |
FR2521240B1 (en) * | 1982-02-05 | 1987-03-27 | Valeo | FRICTION LINING, PARTICULARLY FOR BRAKES, CLUTCHES AND OTHER APPLICATIONS |
-
1992
- 1992-04-23 GB GB929208819A patent/GB9208819D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-04-08 EP EP93908018A patent/EP0637363A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-04-08 WO PCT/GB1993/000751 patent/WO1993022580A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-04-08 AU AU39011/93A patent/AU3901193A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-04-13 GB GB9307533A patent/GB2266312B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2091803A1 (en) * | 1970-05-21 | 1972-01-14 | Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng |
Non-Patent Citations (9)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 82-08859J(50) * |
DATABASE WPI Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 82-89886E(42) * |
DATABASE WPI Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 83-709610 * |
DATABASE WPI Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 84-071100 * |
DATABASE WPI Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 86-241961 * |
Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 89-140257 * |
PAUL PASCAL 'Nouveau traité de chimie minérale , Tome IV' 1958 , MASSON ET CIE , PARIS * |
PAUL PASCAL 'Nouveau traité de chimie minérale ,Tome II , 2Ø fascicule' 1963 , MASSON ET CIE , PARIS * |
PAUL PASCAL 'Nouveau traité de Chimie Minérale ,Tome II, 1Ø fascicule' 1966 , MASSON ET CIE , PARIS * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012203760A1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | friction brake lining |
WO2013132104A1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Friction brake pad |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3901193A (en) | 1993-11-29 |
GB9307533D0 (en) | 1993-06-02 |
GB9208819D0 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
GB2266312A (en) | 1993-10-27 |
EP0637363A1 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
GB2266312B (en) | 1995-09-20 |
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