WO1993020800A1 - Composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use, process for its preparation and its use - Google Patents

Composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use, process for its preparation and its use Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993020800A1
WO1993020800A1 PCT/FI1993/000149 FI9300149W WO9320800A1 WO 1993020800 A1 WO1993020800 A1 WO 1993020800A1 FI 9300149 W FI9300149 W FI 9300149W WO 9320800 A1 WO9320800 A1 WO 9320800A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ldl
agent
active agent
composition
lysosomotropic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1993/000149
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Paavo Kai Johannes Kinnunen
Original Assignee
Paavo Kai Johannes Kinnunen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paavo Kai Johannes Kinnunen filed Critical Paavo Kai Johannes Kinnunen
Priority to CA002117749A priority Critical patent/CA2117749A1/en
Priority to JP5518017A priority patent/JPH07505408A/en
Priority to EP93907890A priority patent/EP0634926A1/en
Publication of WO1993020800A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993020800A1/en
Priority to KR1019940703558A priority patent/KR950700726A/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127—Liposomes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127—Liposomes
    • A61K9/1275—Lipoproteins; Chylomicrons; Artificial HDL, LDL, VLDL, protein-free species thereof; Precursors thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
    • A61K47/6905—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a colloid or an emulsion
    • A61K47/6917—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a colloid or an emulsion the form being a lipoprotein vesicle, e.g. HDL or LDL proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo

Definitions

  • composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use process for its preparation and its use
  • the present invention is based on the use of a carrier selected from the group consisting of lipoproteins, in particular reconstituted LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) , other types of microemulsion particles, liposomes and micelles, and containing a therapeutically or diagnostical- ly active, lipo- or amphiphilic agent, and associated with a suitable ligand recognizable by its specific (complemen ⁇ tary) cell receptor, together with a lysosomotropic agent, for targeting of the active agent to the site of interest, such as cancerous tissue, and to optimize the effect thereof at the said site.
  • a carrier selected from the group consisting of lipoproteins, in particular reconstituted LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) , other types of microemulsion particles, liposomes and micelles, and containing a therapeutically or diagnostical- ly active, lipo- or amphiphilic agent, and associated with a suitable ligand recognizable by its specific (complemen ⁇ tary
  • Ligand specific receptors on the cell surface mediate both information on the environment as well as nutrients into the cell.
  • Such ligands to be recognized include a range of molecular structures, e.g. growth factors (for example platelet derived growth factor, endothelial cell growth factor, tumor growth factor, nerve growth factor) , hormones (e.g. insulin, vasopressin etc.), extracellular matrix protein (e.g. collagen) and lipoproteins (e.g. low density lipoprotein) .
  • growth factors for example platelet derived growth factor, endothelial cell growth factor, tumor growth factor, nerve growth factor
  • hormones e.g. insulin, vasopressin etc.
  • extracellular matrix protein e.g. collagen
  • lipoproteins e.g. low density lipoprotein
  • LDL Low Density Lipoprotein
  • apo B apolipoprotein B
  • the interior of LDL is formed by cholesterol in esterified form (compounds of fatty acids and cholesterol) , triacylglycerol, retinol, as well as other hydrocarbon soluble compounds.
  • LDL-receptors which bind to the LDL-particle by specifically recognizing the protein component of the LDL-surface, i.e. apolipopro ⁇ tein B.
  • the density of LDL-receptors is much higher on cancerous cells than on normal cells and cancer cells bind LDL more effectively. It is evident that the lower serum cholesterol level of cancer patients is due to enhanced uptake of LDL by the cancer cells. This is easy to ra ⁇ tionalize in terms of the increased requirement of com- ponents such as cholesterol for the growth of the tumor cells.
  • LDL containing cytotoxic compounds which replace the natural apolar lipids in the particle core has been described.
  • the lipids are removed from the core of LDL by first lyophilizing the lipoprotein in the presence of starch (Gustafson, A (1965) J. Lipid Res. 20, 254-264) .
  • a slightly modified technique has been described by Krieger (Krieger, M. (1986) Methods Enzymol. 128, 608- 613) .
  • LDL is reconstituted by lyophilizing in the presence of potato starch and extracting the neutral lipids with an organic solvent, such as heptane.
  • the agent to be introdu ⁇ ced is dissolved in an organic solvent and incubated with the extracted LDL.
  • the organic solvent is evaporated and the reconstituted LDL is dissolved in a buffered aqueous solution.
  • the starch is replaced by a saccharide or a sugar alcohol, and according to this publication, a reconstituted LDL is obtained having similar properties as natural LDL, in vitro and in vivo.
  • li ⁇ posomes wherein the active agent is incorporated a) in a core surrounded by a bilayer of a lipid substance, typical ⁇ ly a phospholipid (together with e.g. cholesterol and sphingomyelin) or b) if the desired therapeutic compound is amphiphilic (e.g. an anti-cancer phospholipid) , it is incorporated in the bilayer itself.
  • a lipid substance typical ⁇ ly a phospholipid
  • amphiphilic e.g. an anti-cancer phospholipid
  • microemulsions for example an emulsion of active agent, such as a lipophilic drug surrounded by a monolayer of phosphatidyl choline, are used.
  • the present invention relates to an improvement to the known methods by means of which it is possible to achieve an enrichment of the active agent at the target site.
  • This is made possible by using, in combination, (a) a carrier selected from the group consisting of lipoproteins, other types of microemulsion particles, liposomes and micelles, and containing a therapeutically or a diagnostically effective amount of a lipo- or amphiphilic active agent, associated with at least one ligand which is complementary to and recognizable by specific receptor in the living cells, and (b) a lysosomotropic agent.
  • the invention concerns, on the one hand, a composition for diagnostic or therapeutic use which contains the said combination, and on the other hand a method for the preparation of the said composition.
  • composition according to the invention thus contains at least two components, i.e. a carrier selected from the group of lipoproteins, other types of microemulsion parti ⁇ cles, liposomes and micelles, and which is associated to a suitable ligand.
  • the carrier components are known as such, as is their manner of manufacture. Common for these carriers is that they can contain a therapeutically or diagnostically active agent.
  • the carrier is associated with a ligand which is characte ⁇ rized in that it is complementary to and can be recognized by a specific cell receptor.
  • the term "associated with” is intended to include also the possibility that the carrier incorporates the said ligand, such as in the case of LDL, where the ligand can be the apo B moiety included in the surface film of the LDL.
  • the ligand is thus typically one of the substances mentioned earlier, such as a protein, e.g. growth factor, a hormone, apolipoprotein, viral protein, synthetic peptide etc.
  • the carrier is a reconstituted LDL, the ligand is the apo B-moiety, or a corresponding receptor recognizable synthetic peptide present on its surface.
  • the ligand may also in all cases be a synthetic ligand made lipophilic or amphiphilic to allow for its incorporation with the carrier, into the lipid surface of the carrier particle, provided that the ligand carries the elements recognizable by the cell receptors. Such substances are also well known in the art.
  • the second central component in the composition is the lysosomotropic agent which according to the invention is a lysosomotropic amphiphile, and is characterized as having both lysosomotropic and detergent activity.
  • the lysosomot ⁇ ropic agents exert lysosomal blocking activity and are well known in the art. They may in addition be amphiphilic such as Triton WR-133 (American Roland Corporation, USA, "tyloxapol”) , weak amines (e.g..pK 5 to 9) such as imidazo- les or morpholines containing longer hydrocarbon alkyl or acyl chains, e.g. N-dodecyl imidazole, or chloroquine, see e.g.
  • the presence of the lysosomotropic amphiphile does not interfe ⁇ re with the recognition of the ligand by the receptor, but the carrier with active agent is taken up from the extra- cellular space into the cells according to their contents of receptors and the activity of the endocytic pathway.
  • the carrier particles carrying the lysosomot ⁇ ropic agent enters the lysosomes, the processing of the particles is blocked. In other words, the cycling of the active agent containing particle back to the cell surface (retro-endocytosis) does not take place, and an accumu ⁇ lation of the active agent in the target site is obtained.
  • composition according to the invention is preferably an aqueous solution for parenteral use, such as for injection purposes (iv) , containing a therapeutically or diagnosti- cally effective amount of active agent containing carrier particles together with the lysosomotropic agent.
  • the ratio (weight) of carrier particles to the lysosomotropic agent is suitably such that in each particle approximately 2 to 40 mole-% of its surface active compounds is constituted by the said lysosomotropic agents.
  • composition according to the invention is made by combining the active agent containing carrier with the lysosomotropic agent in a pharmaceutically suitable vehicle, together with possible pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants.
  • vehicle is normally sterile water.
  • adjuvants may be any substances known per se and suitable for the purpose, the choice thereof being within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
  • the dosage used naturally depends on the drug or diagnostic agent used, as well as the condition to be treated or diagnozed.
  • the amount to be administered for any specific purpose can readily be determined by a person skilled in the art.
  • the carrier is comprised of reconstituted LDL.
  • Such reconstitu ⁇ ted LDL is made by a method comprising the steps of lyophilizing LDL in the presence of a protecting substan ⁇ ce, extracting the lyophilized LDL with an organic solvent, incubating a therapeutically or diagnostically effective lipo- or amphiphilic agent in an organic solvent with the extracted LDL, evaporating the solvent and dissolving the product in an aqueous buffered solution to remove any non- included active agent and separating the LDL e.g. by ultracentrifugation.
  • the LDL to be reconstituted is usually isolated from human serum by differential ultracentrifugational flotation in the density range of 1.019 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.063 g/ml.
  • Alternative techniques include, for instance, rate-zonal ultracentrifu- gation.
  • the protecting substance may be any of the substances known for the purpose, such as starch, in particular potato starch, but also a sugar derivative as is disclosed in the WO-publication 86/07540.
  • the solvent used for the extraction of the neutral lipids from the lyophilized LDL is suitably a non-polar solvent, such as heptane, hexane, pentane, petroleum ether, octane, or their mixtures.
  • the solvent used for dissolving the active agent and for incubating with the lyophilized and extracted LDL is also preferably a non-polar solvent such as the ones listed above.
  • the carrier particle can be a liposome.
  • the techniques for making liposomes and for including active agents, such as a drug therein, are very well known in the art.
  • the ligand can comprise a suitable substance recognizable by a specific cell surface receptor, such as those listed earlier, and which is incorporated in the liposome shell during the manufacture thereof.
  • microemulsion can be used, the preparation of which is known in the art (e.g. Walsh, M. T. et al. Methods in Enzymology, vol. 128 582
  • the active agent is an agent for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It can be lipophilic or amphiphilic, although the border line between these two types is diffuse.
  • a diagnostic agent e.g. light sensitizers, such as hemato- porphyrins, radiosensitizers, such as boronated fatty acid esters, or x-ray contrast agents can be used.
  • a thera ⁇ Therapeutic agent preferably anti-cancer drugs are used, such as doxorybicin, daunomycin, l-hexadecyl-2-methyl-3-phospho- choline etc.
  • LDL was isolated by differential ultracentrifugational flotation in the density range 1.1019 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.063 g/ml. Subsequently, KBr used for the adjustment of appropriate densities was removed by extensive dialysis against 0.3 mM EDTA, pH 7.0 at 4 °C. Thereafter the lipoprotein was concentrated by ultrafiltration using an A icon XM-300 membrane and the concentration of cholesterol was measured. Pure potato starch (60 mg from Sigma) was dissloved in the LDL-solution containing 16 ⁇ moles of cholesterol in a total volume of 1.5 ml. The resulting solution was then frozen in liquid nitrogen and lyophilized.
  • the core lipids of the lyophilized LDL were then extracted with 4 x 10 ml of ice- cold heptane.
  • the core lipids were replaced with a cytoto- xic compound, namely cholesteryl ester of chlorambucil (15 mg dissolved in 1.5 ml of heptane) which contained a 3 H- cholesteryl moiety as a marker for the quantitation of tissue distribution of the cytotoxic compound.
  • the solution was first incubated at -10 °C for 90 minutes, whereafter the solvent was removed under a gentle stream of nitrogen while keeping the sample on an ice-water bath.
  • the dry residue was then dissolved in 3.5 ml of 10 mM Tricine buffer, pH 8.4, and incubated at + 4 °C for 48 hours.
  • the solution was centrifuged at 2000 rpm and the superna ⁇ tant collected.
  • To the supernatant solution containing the cytostat-LDL particles was then added 50 ⁇ L of Triton WR- 1339, and the mixture was incubated at + 4 °C overnight. In this manner an injectable preparation was obtained. This can be used as such, or if necessary, it can be irradiated by bath type sonication to speed up the dispersion into small particles.
  • test animals designated A to E are compared to the values from a control rat (killed at 1 hr) without the implanted sarcoma.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates similar tests and it shows the level of chlorambucil ester-LDL in the blood and in the tumor, respectively, when injected as described above but in the absence of a lysosomotropic agent (Triton WR 1339) .
  • the abscissa indicates the time and the ordinate the amount (in promille) in blood and tumor respectively, calculated from that injected.
  • Fig.2 shows in graphic form the mean values for the levels obtained above, when the same LDL has been injected in the presence of the lysosomotropic agent. From the Figures it is evident that in the absence of a lysosomotropic agent, after an initial transient decrease, the level in the blood increases rapidly, whereas the opposite is true for the level in the tumour.
  • the level of reconstituted LDL in the blood decreases, and the level thereof in the tumour increases, indicating that retro-endocytosis is prevented by the incorporation of the lysosomotropic agent according to the invention.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention concerns a composition comprising a carrier selected from the group consisting of lipoproteins, in particular reconstituted LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), other microemulsion particles, liposomes and micelles, containing a therapeutically or diagnostically active, lipo- or amphiphilic agent, and associated with a suitable ligand recognizable by its specific (complementary) cell receptor, together with a lysosomotropic agent, for targeting of the active agent to a site of interest, such as cancerous tissue.

Description

Composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use, process for its preparation and its use
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention is based on the use of a carrier selected from the group consisting of lipoproteins, in particular reconstituted LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) , other types of microemulsion particles, liposomes and micelles, and containing a therapeutically or diagnostical- ly active, lipo- or amphiphilic agent, and associated with a suitable ligand recognizable by its specific (complemen¬ tary) cell receptor, together with a lysosomotropic agent, for targeting of the active agent to the site of interest, such as cancerous tissue, and to optimize the effect thereof at the said site.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Ligand specific receptors on the cell surface mediate both information on the environment as well as nutrients into the cell. Such ligands to be recognized include a range of molecular structures, e.g. growth factors (for example platelet derived growth factor, endothelial cell growth factor, tumor growth factor, nerve growth factor) , hormones (e.g. insulin, vasopressin etc.), extracellular matrix protein (e.g. collagen) and lipoproteins (e.g. low density lipoprotein) . In many cases the binding of the ligand to the cell surface receptor is followed by a clustering of the ligand-receptor complex and subsequent internalization via coated pits, ultimately locating the ligand in ly- sosomes. This pathway is utilized for example by viruses in their entry into cells.
It has been known for a long time that people suffering from cancer exhibit a cholesterol level in the serum which is lower than normal. Cholesterol circulates in the blood in the form of a lipid-protein complex, primarily as the so-called Low Density Lipoprotein, LDL. LDL is a spherical macromolecule having a diameter of about 180 A. LDL is surrounded by a surface film consisting of phospholipids, cholesterol and sphingomyelin, an of protein, i.e. apolipoprotein B (apo B) . The interior of LDL is formed by cholesterol in esterified form (compounds of fatty acids and cholesterol) , triacylglycerol, retinol, as well as other hydrocarbon soluble compounds.
Cells contain on their surfaces specific LDL-receptors which bind to the LDL-particle by specifically recognizing the protein component of the LDL-surface, i.e. apolipopro¬ tein B. The density of LDL-receptors is much higher on cancerous cells than on normal cells and cancer cells bind LDL more effectively. It is evident that the lower serum cholesterol level of cancer patients is due to enhanced uptake of LDL by the cancer cells. This is easy to ra¬ tionalize in terms of the increased requirement of com- ponents such as cholesterol for the growth of the tumor cells.
The use of reconstituted LDL containing cytotoxic compounds which replace the natural apolar lipids in the particle core has been described. The lipids are removed from the core of LDL by first lyophilizing the lipoprotein in the presence of starch (Gustafson, A (1965) J. Lipid Res. 20, 254-264) . A slightly modified technique has been described by Krieger (Krieger, M. (1986) Methods Enzymol. 128, 608- 613) . LDL is reconstituted by lyophilizing in the presence of potato starch and extracting the neutral lipids with an organic solvent, such as heptane. The agent to be introdu¬ ced is dissolved in an organic solvent and incubated with the extracted LDL. The organic solvent is evaporated and the reconstituted LDL is dissolved in a buffered aqueous solution. According to an improvement to this method, described in the O-publication 86/07540, the starch is replaced by a saccharide or a sugar alcohol, and according to this publication, a reconstituted LDL is obtained having similar properties as natural LDL, in vitro and in vivo.
However, when using e.g. reconstituted LDL as a carrier for e.g. drugs, in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, retro-endocytosis has been observed. Thus after an initial decrease of the drug level in the blood, indicating uptake of LDL by the cells, an increase in the level of the drug is observed, indicating expulsion of the drug from the cells. Thus it is difficult to achieve a significant accumulation of the drug in the target tissue, and conse- quently the action of the active agent cannot be fully taken advantage of.
It is also prior known to use, for drug delivery, li¬ posomes wherein the active agent is incorporated a) in a core surrounded by a bilayer of a lipid substance, typical¬ ly a phospholipid (together with e.g. cholesterol and sphingomyelin) or b) if the desired therapeutic compound is amphiphilic (e.g. an anti-cancer phospholipid) , it is incorporated in the bilayer itself. For the said purpose also microemulsions, for example an emulsion of active agent, such as a lipophilic drug surrounded by a monolayer of phosphatidyl choline, are used.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement to the known methods by means of which it is possible to achieve an enrichment of the active agent at the target site. This is made possible by using, in combination, (a) a carrier selected from the group consisting of lipoproteins, other types of microemulsion particles, liposomes and micelles, and containing a therapeutically or a diagnostically effective amount of a lipo- or amphiphilic active agent, associated with at least one ligand which is complementary to and recognizable by specific receptor in the living cells, and (b) a lysosomotropic agent.
The invention concerns, on the one hand, a composition for diagnostic or therapeutic use which contains the said combination, and on the other hand a method for the preparation of the said composition. Especially the invention concerns a composition and a method wherein the carrier is specifically reconstituted LDL, as well as its use on humans and non-human animals.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The composition according to the invention thus contains at least two components, i.e. a carrier selected from the group of lipoproteins, other types of microemulsion parti¬ cles, liposomes and micelles, and which is associated to a suitable ligand. The carrier components are known as such, as is their manner of manufacture. Common for these carriers is that they can contain a therapeutically or diagnostically active agent.
The carrier is associated with a ligand which is characte¬ rized in that it is complementary to and can be recognized by a specific cell receptor. The term "associated with" is intended to include also the possibility that the carrier incorporates the said ligand, such as in the case of LDL, where the ligand can be the apo B moiety included in the surface film of the LDL. The ligand is thus typically one of the substances mentioned earlier, such as a protein, e.g. growth factor, a hormone, apolipoprotein, viral protein, synthetic peptide etc. As stated, when the carrier is a reconstituted LDL, the ligand is the apo B-moiety, or a corresponding receptor recognizable synthetic peptide present on its surface. The ligand may also in all cases be a synthetic ligand made lipophilic or amphiphilic to allow for its incorporation with the carrier, into the lipid surface of the carrier particle, provided that the ligand carries the elements recognizable by the cell receptors. Such substances are also well known in the art.
The second central component in the composition is the lysosomotropic agent which according to the invention is a lysosomotropic amphiphile, and is characterized as having both lysosomotropic and detergent activity. The lysosomot¬ ropic agents exert lysosomal blocking activity and are well known in the art. They may in addition be amphiphilic such as Triton WR-133 (American Roland Corporation, USA, "tyloxapol") , weak amines (e.g..pK 5 to 9) such as imidazo- les or morpholines containing longer hydrocarbon alkyl or acyl chains, e.g. N-dodecyl imidazole, or chloroquine, see e.g. Miller et al., J. Cell Biol. 97 (1983) 1841-1851; Wilson et al.. Cancer Research 49, (1989), 507-510; and deDuve et al., Bioche . Pharmacol. 23 (1974) 2495, which are all included here for reference. When used together with the carrier and associated ligand, the lysosomotropic amphiphile due to its hydrophobic nature readily accomoda- tes onto the carrier/particle surface. Lysosomotropic amines may in themselves have cytotoxic properties.
According to the invention it has been observed that the presence of the lysosomotropic amphiphile does not interfe¬ re with the recognition of the ligand by the receptor, but the carrier with active agent is taken up from the extra- cellular space into the cells according to their contents of receptors and the activity of the endocytic pathway. However, once the carrier particles carrying the lysosomot¬ ropic agent enters the lysosomes, the processing of the particles is blocked. In other words, the cycling of the active agent containing particle back to the cell surface (retro-endocytosis) does not take place, and an accumu¬ lation of the active agent in the target site is obtained. The composition according to the invention is preferably an aqueous solution for parenteral use, such as for injection purposes (iv) , containing a therapeutically or diagnosti- cally effective amount of active agent containing carrier particles together with the lysosomotropic agent. The ratio (weight) of carrier particles to the lysosomotropic agent is suitably such that in each particle approximately 2 to 40 mole-% of its surface active compounds is constituted by the said lysosomotropic agents.
The composition according to the invention is made by combining the active agent containing carrier with the lysosomotropic agent in a pharmaceutically suitable vehicle, together with possible pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants. The vehicle is normally sterile water. The adjuvants may be any substances known per se and suitable for the purpose, the choice thereof being within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
The dosage used naturally depends on the drug or diagnostic agent used, as well as the condition to be treated or diagnozed. The amount to be administered for any specific purpose can readily be determined by a person skilled in the art.
As stated above, according to a preferred embodiment, the carrier is comprised of reconstituted LDL. Such reconstitu¬ ted LDL is made by a method comprising the steps of lyophilizing LDL in the presence of a protecting substan¬ ce, extracting the lyophilized LDL with an organic solvent, incubating a therapeutically or diagnostically effective lipo- or amphiphilic agent in an organic solvent with the extracted LDL, evaporating the solvent and dissolving the product in an aqueous buffered solution to remove any non- included active agent and separating the LDL e.g. by ultracentrifugation. The LDL to be reconstituted is usually isolated from human serum by differential ultracentrifugational flotation in the density range of 1.019 < d < 1.063 g/ml. Alternative techniques include, for instance, rate-zonal ultracentrifu- gation.
The protecting substance may be any of the substances known for the purpose, such as starch, in particular potato starch, but also a sugar derivative as is disclosed in the WO-publication 86/07540.
The solvent used for the extraction of the neutral lipids from the lyophilized LDL is suitably a non-polar solvent, such as heptane, hexane, pentane, petroleum ether, octane, or their mixtures.
The solvent used for dissolving the active agent and for incubating with the lyophilized and extracted LDL, is also preferably a non-polar solvent such as the ones listed above.
According to another mode of the invention, the carrier particle can be a liposome. The techniques for making liposomes and for including active agents, such as a drug therein, are very well known in the art.
In this case the ligand can comprise a suitable substance recognizable by a specific cell surface receptor, such as those listed earlier, and which is incorporated in the liposome shell during the manufacture thereof.
According to the invention also a microemulsion can be used, the preparation of which is known in the art (e.g. Walsh, M. T. et al. Methods in Enzymology, vol. 128 582
(1986) . The same ligands as those mentioned above may be used. The active agent is an agent for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It can be lipophilic or amphiphilic, although the border line between these two types is diffuse. As a diagnostic agent e.g. light sensitizers, such as hemato- porphyrins, radiosensitizers, such as boronated fatty acid esters, or x-ray contrast agents can be used. As a thera¬ peutic agent, preferably anti-cancer drugs are used, such as doxorybicin, daunomycin, l-hexadecyl-2-methyl-3-phospho- choline etc.
The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting the same.
Example
LDL was isolated by differential ultracentrifugational flotation in the density range 1.1019 < d < 1.063 g/ml. Subsequently, KBr used for the adjustment of appropriate densities was removed by extensive dialysis against 0.3 mM EDTA, pH 7.0 at 4 °C. Thereafter the lipoprotein was concentrated by ultrafiltration using an A icon XM-300 membrane and the concentration of cholesterol was measured. Pure potato starch (60 mg from Sigma) was dissloved in the LDL-solution containing 16 μmoles of cholesterol in a total volume of 1.5 ml. The resulting solution was then frozen in liquid nitrogen and lyophilized. The core lipids of the lyophilized LDL were then extracted with 4 x 10 ml of ice- cold heptane. The core lipids were replaced with a cytoto- xic compound, namely cholesteryl ester of chlorambucil (15 mg dissolved in 1.5 ml of heptane) which contained a 3H- cholesteryl moiety as a marker for the quantitation of tissue distribution of the cytotoxic compound. The solution was first incubated at -10 °C for 90 minutes, whereafter the solvent was removed under a gentle stream of nitrogen while keeping the sample on an ice-water bath. The dry residue was then dissolved in 3.5 ml of 10 mM Tricine buffer, pH 8.4, and incubated at + 4 °C for 48 hours. In order to separate the cholesteryl chlorambucil loaded LDL, the solution was centrifuged at 2000 rpm and the superna¬ tant collected. To the supernatant solution containing the cytostat-LDL particles, was then added 50 μL of Triton WR- 1339, and the mixture was incubated at + 4 °C overnight. In this manner an injectable preparation was obtained. This can be used as such, or if necessary, it can be irradiated by bath type sonication to speed up the dispersion into small particles.
EXPERIMENTAL
The preparation obtained in the Example above was used as such and injected i.v. into rats bearing Rous sarcoma inoculated in their peritoneum. The average weight of the developed tumors was 0.9 g. The animals were killed after 0.5, 1.0 and 3 hrs from the injection and the radioactivi¬ ties in different tissues were determined. In the following table, test animals designated A to E are compared to the values from a control rat (killed at 1 hr) without the implanted sarcoma.
Figure imgf000011_0001
From the results it can be seen that the LDL-chlorambucil ester accumulates in the tumor, and that the degree of expulsion is low, whereas its level in the blood decreases rapidly to a low level.
In the appended drawing. Fig. 1 illustrates similar tests and it shows the level of chlorambucil ester-LDL in the blood and in the tumor, respectively, when injected as described above but in the absence of a lysosomotropic agent (Triton WR 1339) . In Fig. 1 the abscissa indicates the time and the ordinate the amount (in promille) in blood and tumor respectively, calculated from that injected. Fig.2 shows in graphic form the mean values for the levels obtained above, when the same LDL has been injected in the presence of the lysosomotropic agent. From the Figures it is evident that in the absence of a lysosomotropic agent, after an initial transient decrease, the level in the blood increases rapidly, whereas the opposite is true for the level in the tumour.
On the other hand, when using a preparation according to the invention, the level of reconstituted LDL in the blood decreases, and the level thereof in the tumour increases, indicating that retro-endocytosis is prevented by the incorporation of the lysosomotropic agent according to the invention.

Claims

Claims
1. Composition for therapeutical or diagnostical use comprising, in combination, (a) a carrier selected from the group consisting of lipoproteins, other types of microemul¬ sion particles, liposomes and micelles, and containing a therapeutically or a diagnostically effective amount of a lipo- or amphiphilic active agent, associated with at least one ligand which is complementary to and recognizable by a specific cell receptor, and (b) a lysosomotropic agent.
2. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is reconstituted Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) , the ligand being an apolipoprotein B moiety on its shell surface.
3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lysosomotropic agent is Triton WR 1339 ethyl oleate.
4. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the therapeutically or diagnostically active agent is selected from the group consisting of light sensitizers, radiosensi- tizers, x-ray contrast agents and anti-cancer drugs.
5. Composition according to claim 4, wherein the anti- cancer drug is chlorambucil cholesteryl ester.
6. Composition for therapeutical use comprising, in combination, a reconstituted Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) containing chlorambucil cholesteryl ester and Triton WR 1339 ethyl oleate.
7. Process for the preparation of a composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use comprising the steps of combining a carrier selected from the group consisting of lipoproteins, other types of microemulsion particles, liposomes and micelles, containing a therapeutically or a diagnostically effective amount of a lipo- or amphiphilic active agent, and associated with at least one ligand which is complementary to and recognizable by a specific cell receptor, with a lysosomotropic agent and a pharmaceutical¬ ly suitable vehicle and optional further adjuvants.
8. Process for the preparation of a composition according to claim 2, comprising lyophilizing LDL in the presence of a protecting substance, extracting the lyophilized LDL with an organic solvent, incubating the therapeutically or diagnostically active agent in an organic solvent with the extracted LDL, removing the solvent, dissolving the reconstituted LDL in an aqueous buffered solution, and recovering the reconstitiuted LDL and combining a thera¬ peutically or diagnostically effective amount of the reconstituted LDL with a lysosomotropic agent and a suitable vehicle and optionally further adjuvants.
9. Process according to claim 8, wherein the lysosomot¬ ropic agent is Triton WR 1339 ethyl oleate.
10. Process according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the thera¬ peutically or diagnostically active agent is selected from the group consisting of light sensitizers, radiosensiti- zers, x-ray contrast agents and anti-cancer drugs.
11. Process according to claim 10, wherein the anti-cancer drug is chlorambucil cholesteryl ester.
12. Process according to claim 8, wherein the therapeuti- cally active agent is chlorambucil cholesteryl ester and the lysosomotropic agent is Triton WR 1339 ethyl oleate.
13. Process according to claim 9, wherein the protecting substance is starch.
13. Process according to claim 9 wherein the solvent used for extraction of the LDL is heptane.
14. Use of a composition according to claim 1 or a composi¬ tion prepared according to claim 7 for therapeutic or diagnostic treatment of humans and non-human animals.
PCT/FI1993/000149 1992-04-08 1993-04-07 Composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use, process for its preparation and its use WO1993020800A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002117749A CA2117749A1 (en) 1992-04-08 1993-04-07 Composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use, process for its preparation and its use
JP5518017A JPH07505408A (en) 1992-04-08 1993-04-07 Therapeutic and diagnostic compositions and their production methods, and their uses
EP93907890A EP0634926A1 (en) 1992-04-08 1993-04-07 Composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use, process for its preparation and its use
KR1019940703558A KR950700726A (en) 1992-04-08 1994-10-07 Composition for treatment or diagnosis, its manufacturing method and use (COMPOSITION FOR THERAPEUTIC OR DIAGNOSTIC USE, PROCESS FOR ITS PREPARATION AND ITS USE)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86525692A 1992-04-08 1992-04-08
US865,256 1992-04-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993020800A1 true WO1993020800A1 (en) 1993-10-28

Family

ID=25345059

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1993/000149 WO1993020800A1 (en) 1992-04-08 1993-04-07 Composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use, process for its preparation and its use

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0634926A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07505408A (en)
KR (1) KR950700726A (en)
AU (1) AU3892593A (en)
CA (1) CA2117749A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993020800A1 (en)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995013096A1 (en) * 1993-11-08 1995-05-18 Peptide Delivery Systems Pty. Ltd. Labelled diagnostic compositions and methods of their use
DE19500665A1 (en) * 1995-01-12 1996-07-18 Axel Prof Dr Haase Process for the spatially resolving imaging of an area of a biological object with the help of electromagnetic rays using contrast media
WO1998032718A1 (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-07-30 Norsk Hydro Asa New fatty acid derivatives
WO1998034597A1 (en) * 1997-02-06 1998-08-13 Duke University Liposomes containing active agents
EP1546373A2 (en) * 2002-09-13 2005-06-29 The Regents of the University of California Methods for measuring rates of reserve cholesterol transport in vivo, as an index of anti-atherogenesis
US7262020B2 (en) 2003-07-03 2007-08-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods for comparing relative flux rates of two or more biological molecules in vivo through a single protocol
US7307059B2 (en) 2001-10-24 2007-12-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Measurement of protein synthesis rates in humans and experimental systems by use of isotopically labeled water
US7449171B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2008-11-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Measurement of biosynthesis and breakdown rates of biological molecules that are inaccessible or not easily accessible to direct sampling, non-invasively, by label incorporation into metabolic derivatives and catabolic products
US7504233B2 (en) 2002-11-04 2009-03-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods for determining the metabolism of sugars and fats in an individual
US8401800B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2013-03-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling in vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity
US8481478B2 (en) 2002-07-30 2013-07-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for automated, large-scale measurement of the molecular flux rates of the proteome or the organeome using mass spectrometry
US8663602B2 (en) 2003-11-25 2014-03-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for high-throughput screening of compounds and combinations of compounds for discovery and quantification of actions, particularly unanticipated therapeutic or toxic actions, in biological systems
US9134319B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-09-15 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for replacing biomarkers of protein kinetics from tissue samples by biomarkers of protein kinetics from body fluids after isotopic labeling in vivo
US9737260B2 (en) 2011-12-07 2017-08-22 Glaxosmithkline Llc Methods for determining total body skeletal muscle mass
US10386371B2 (en) 2011-09-08 2019-08-20 The Regents Of The University Of California Metabolic flux measurement, imaging and microscopy

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102387248B1 (en) 2021-07-06 2022-04-15 (주)효림세울 Equipment for manufacturing sirofil Composite Yarn and sirofil Composite Yarn and method for manufacturing sirofil Composite Yarn
KR20230145752A (en) 2022-04-11 2023-10-18 (주)효림세울 Equipment for manufacturing MOLTO JASPE yarn and method for manufacturing MOLTO JASPE yarn using the same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986007540A1 (en) * 1985-06-17 1986-12-31 Oncholab Ab Method for the preparation of a macromolecular carrier loaded with a biologically active substance, product thus obtained and use thereof

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986007540A1 (en) * 1985-06-17 1986-12-31 Oncholab Ab Method for the preparation of a macromolecular carrier loaded with a biologically active substance, product thus obtained and use thereof

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995013096A1 (en) * 1993-11-08 1995-05-18 Peptide Delivery Systems Pty. Ltd. Labelled diagnostic compositions and methods of their use
US5756067A (en) * 1993-11-08 1998-05-26 Peptide Delivery Systems Pty Ltd Labelled diagnostic compositions and method of their use
DE19500665A1 (en) * 1995-01-12 1996-07-18 Axel Prof Dr Haase Process for the spatially resolving imaging of an area of a biological object with the help of electromagnetic rays using contrast media
WO1998032718A1 (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-07-30 Norsk Hydro Asa New fatty acid derivatives
US6762175B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2004-07-13 Norsk Hydro Asa Fatty acid derivatives
WO1998034597A1 (en) * 1997-02-06 1998-08-13 Duke University Liposomes containing active agents
US5882679A (en) * 1997-02-06 1999-03-16 Duke University Liposomes containing active agents aggregated with lipid surfactants
US6296870B1 (en) 1997-02-06 2001-10-02 Duke University Liposomes containing active agents
US7410633B2 (en) 2001-10-24 2008-08-12 The Regents Of The University Of California Measurement of protein synthesis rates in humans and experimental systems by use of isotopically labeled water
US7307059B2 (en) 2001-10-24 2007-12-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Measurement of protein synthesis rates in humans and experimental systems by use of isotopically labeled water
US7449171B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2008-11-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Measurement of biosynthesis and breakdown rates of biological molecules that are inaccessible or not easily accessible to direct sampling, non-invasively, by label incorporation into metabolic derivatives and catabolic products
US8969287B2 (en) 2002-07-30 2015-03-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for automated, large-scale measurement of the molecular flux rates of the proteome or the organeome using mass spectrometry
US8481478B2 (en) 2002-07-30 2013-07-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for automated, large-scale measurement of the molecular flux rates of the proteome or the organeome using mass spectrometry
EP1546373A4 (en) * 2002-09-13 2005-09-28 Univ California Methods for measuring rates of reserve cholesterol transport in vivo, as an index of anti-atherogenesis
US7255850B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2007-08-14 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods for measuring rates of reserve cholesterol transport in vivo, as an index of anti-atherogenesis
EP1546373A2 (en) * 2002-09-13 2005-06-29 The Regents of the University of California Methods for measuring rates of reserve cholesterol transport in vivo, as an index of anti-atherogenesis
US7504233B2 (en) 2002-11-04 2009-03-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods for determining the metabolism of sugars and fats in an individual
US7262020B2 (en) 2003-07-03 2007-08-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods for comparing relative flux rates of two or more biological molecules in vivo through a single protocol
US7357913B2 (en) 2003-07-03 2008-04-15 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods for detecting, prognosing, or monitoring a disorder by comparing relative flux rates of two or more biological molecules in vivo
US8663602B2 (en) 2003-11-25 2014-03-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for high-throughput screening of compounds and combinations of compounds for discovery and quantification of actions, particularly unanticipated therapeutic or toxic actions, in biological systems
US8849581B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2014-09-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling in vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity
US8401800B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2013-03-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling in vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity
US9037417B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2015-05-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling In Vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity
US9043159B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2015-05-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling in vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity
US9720002B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2017-08-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling in vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity
US9778268B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2017-10-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling in vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity
US10466253B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2019-11-05 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling in vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity
US10386371B2 (en) 2011-09-08 2019-08-20 The Regents Of The University Of California Metabolic flux measurement, imaging and microscopy
US9737260B2 (en) 2011-12-07 2017-08-22 Glaxosmithkline Llc Methods for determining total body skeletal muscle mass
US9134319B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-09-15 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for replacing biomarkers of protein kinetics from tissue samples by biomarkers of protein kinetics from body fluids after isotopic labeling in vivo

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0634926A1 (en) 1995-01-25
CA2117749A1 (en) 1993-10-28
AU3892593A (en) 1993-11-18
JPH07505408A (en) 1995-06-15
KR950700726A (en) 1995-02-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Maranhão et al. Metabolic behavior in rats of a nonprotein microemulsion resembling low-density lipoprotein
EP0634926A1 (en) Composition for therapeutic or diagnostic use, process for its preparation and its use
JP4885715B2 (en) Irinotecan formulation
US6514523B1 (en) Carrier particles for drug delivery and process for preparation
US20040082521A1 (en) Novel formulations of digitalis glycosides for treating cell-proliferative and other diseases
AU583402B2 (en) Method for the production of a macromolecular carrier loaded with a biologically active substance
US5084441A (en) Acetylated low density lipoproteins: a delivery system to phagocytic cells for stimulating immunologic response and host resistance
US20040213835A1 (en) Method to reduce liposome-induced complement activation
EP1044679B1 (en) Stable Liposomes for Targeted Drug Delivery
CN109381429A (en) A kind of taxol target slow-release liposome and preparation method thereof that leucocyte is film modified
JP4827277B2 (en) Liposome
Van Berkel Drug targeting: application of endogenous carriers for site-specific delivery of drugs
WO2000009071A2 (en) A novel liposomal formulation useful in treatment of cancer and other proliferation diseases
WO2007107161A2 (en) Lipid based drug delivery systems comprising phospholipase a2 degradable lipids that perform an intramolecular cyclization reaction upon hydrolysis
WO1991007973A1 (en) Fat emulsion
WO2005021012A1 (en) Drug carrier having gemcitabine enclosed therein
Scherphof et al. Cells involved in removing liposomes from the blood circulation: why are they so special?
JPS63500456A (en) Microemulsion used in medicine
Yesair Phosphatidyl choline and lysophosphatidyl choline in mixed lipid micelles as novel drug delivery systems
ZA200507816B (en) Liposome composition for reduction of liposome-induced complement activation
US20020155161A1 (en) Use of IV emulsions with different triglyceride composition, particle size and apolipoprotein E for targeted tissue delivery of hydrophobic compounds
JP3074731B2 (en) Fat emulsion
Parr Circulation lifetimes and tumor accumulation of liposomal drug delivery systems
Eliot The effects of hyperlipidemia on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR CA CH CZ DE DK ES FI GB HU JP KP KR LK LU MG MN MW NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SK UA US VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
EX32 Extension under rule 32 effected after completion of technical preparation for international publication
LE32 Later election for international application filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date or according to rule 32.2 (b)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2117749

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1993907890

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1993907890

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1993907890

Country of ref document: EP