WO1993017777A1 - Filter element for the filtration of fluids - Google Patents
Filter element for the filtration of fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993017777A1 WO1993017777A1 PCT/US1993/000237 US9300237W WO9317777A1 WO 1993017777 A1 WO1993017777 A1 WO 1993017777A1 US 9300237 W US9300237 W US 9300237W WO 9317777 A1 WO9317777 A1 WO 9317777A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- material layer
- deformations
- filter
- filter element
- portions
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
- B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/04—Supports for the filtering elements
- B01D2201/0415—Details of supporting structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2265/00—Casings, housings or mounting for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D2265/06—Details of supporting structures for filtering material, e.g. cores
Definitions
- the invention is directed to a filter element for the filtration of fluids, particularly for the filtration of air.
- Fluid or air filtering means are known in a wide variety of embodiments.
- Known filtering means comprise a frame or the like holding a filter element.
- the filter element is provided with a layer of filter material for filtration of the fluid or the air, i.e. for retaining the impurities conveyed in the fluid or the air stream which have to be filtered out.
- the materials for the filter material layer are nonwoven fiber layers, preferably electret materials, foamed plastics or other materials being permeable to the fluid or air to be cleaned.
- the filter material layer also consists of paper. For enlarging the surface of the filter material layer, the filter material layer is folded to present a zig-zag shape when seen in cross section.
- a support material layer for supporting the filter material layer is required in addition to the filter material layer itself.
- the support material layer being a reticular support structure of metal or plastic, is permeable to the fluid or air and is connected to the filter material layer, e.g., by bonding.
- a decisive value for all fluid filter elements is the flow resistance caused by these filter elements in the flow to be cleaned.
- the state of the art offers many suggestions for mechanical stabilization the zig-zag shape of the filter material layer.
- the support material layer is of sufficient stability for preventing a widening and folding effect (ballooning and collapsing) of the individual folding portions of the zig-zag like folded filtering and support material layers.
- US-PS 3 506 457 teaches the connection of the zig-zag shaped filter material layer to a flat reticular support structure; in this prior art solution, the zig-zag shaped filter material layer is connected to the flat reticular support structure along each second bending line.
- Spacers arranged on the filter frame for providing and maintaining the zig-zag shape of the filter material layer are known, e.g., from EP-A-0 170 643.
- the filter frame has lateral webs or the like extending thereacross, with the filter material layer arranged in zig-zag shape between said webs. Adjacent each web edge, there is arranged a bending line or a bending region of the filter material layer.
- the filter frames are arranged in two parts and thus have to be attached to each other so that assembly of the filter means is unfavorably complicated. Spacers distributed over the whole width of the filter are known from the filter means according to DE 83 18 714.6 Ul and WO 84/03842.
- DE 21 38 412 C3 teaches a zig-zag-shaped filter paper having wedge- shaped spacers arranged between the folds for providing stability on the one hand and the required mutual distance between the individual folding portions on the other hand.
- the filter paper is provided, in the region of the bending lines, with lines or drops of adhesive material serving for connection of the folding portions on the one hand and for maintaining the distance between them on the other hand.
- the filter material layers have spacers integrally formed thereon.
- the spacers of these filter elements are provided in one piece with the filter material layer.
- a filter element for the filtration of fluids having a filter material layer for filtration of the fluid and a fluid-permeable support material layer for supporting the filter material layer, wherein the support material layer is folded in zig-zag shape and comprises individual folding portions arranged in pairs at mutual angles, with bending lines or bending portions formed between the folding portions, and wherein the support material layer, for stabilizing its zig-zag shape, has its folding portions provided with a plurality of deformations projecting from the planes of the folding portions and being arranged in such a man- ner that the support material layer in its folding por ⁇ tions supports the filter material layer through the boundary edges or rims of the deformations.
- the filter element of the invention includes a suitably formed layer of support material.
- This support material layer can be, e.g., a mesh-like reticular support structure of plastic material or of plastic-reinforced support tissue.
- the reticular support structure or the support tissue must be highly fluid and air permeable to avoid negatively effecting the filter element air resistance. Therefore, it is advantageous if the reticular support structure or the support tissue is relatively wide-meshed and its webs are relatively thin.
- Such a reticular support struc ⁇ ture although folded in zig-zag shape, has low shape stability.
- a plurality of deformations are pressed into the support material layer of the filter element of the invention; in this manner, the support material has a three-dimensional structure already before it is folded into its zig-zag shape.
- the deformations of the support material layer appear as depressions or protrusions formed therein.
- the deformations protruding from the planes defined by the folding portions provide extremely high stability of shape to the reticular support structure or the support material layer so that the reticular support structure can have relatively wide meshes and thin webs. Further, the deformations of the reticular support structure have a favorable effect on the flow characteristics of the filter element of the above configuration. Since the filter material layer spans the deformations, it does not abut the reticular support structure in the region of the deformations; instead, the reticular support structure supports the filter material layer only on the boundary regions of the deformations and the regions between the deformations if they are a comparatively large distance from each other.
- the filter material layer is supported in a linear or substantially linear fashion, at a plurality of locations without impairing the bending rigidity of the support material layer. Accordingly, during air flow through the filter element, the filter material layer can freely expand in the region of the deformations of the reticular support structure so that the air resistance does not increase due to increased density of the filter material layer due to the fluid flow.
- the filter element of the inven- tion is distinguished in that the pressure drop caused by the filter element is smaller.
- the favorable flow characteristics of the filter element of the in ⁇ vention result, on the one hand, from the (in the preferred case) only thin-lined support of the filter material layer by the support material layer and, on the other hand, from the fact that the support material layer, due to the deformations (depressions or protrusions in the flow direction) , can be considerably thinner in the folding portions and thus be much more permeable to the fluid to be filtered.
- the deformations of the support material layer are arranged in such close proximity to each other that the support material layer supports the filter material layer in the folding portions between the boundary edges of the deformations exclusively via a structure of line-shaped contacting regions between the boundary edges of the deformations and that the other regions of the folding portions of the support material layer, i.e., its deformation regions, are ar ⁇ ranged at a distance from the filter material layer.
- the support material layer is connected to the filter material layer, preferably by ultrasonic welding. Another pos ⁇ sibility of providing this connection consists in adhesively bonding the filter and support material layers to each other.
- the deformations of each folding portion reach over the complete length thereof, i.e. over the distance between the two bending lines delimiting the folding portion.
- a plurality of such deformations are located side to side, i.e., transversely to the flow direction.
- the deformations of two adjacent folding portions are arranged symmetrically to the bending line extending between the two folding portions.
- the shape of the deformations are preferably asymmetrical with the deformations being flatter in the region of the upstream bending lines than in the region of the downstream bending lines so as not to impair the zig ⁇ zag folding configuration.
- the deformations of the two adjacent folding portions are arranged symmetrically to the respective intermediate upstream bending line and a plurality of such deformations of identical shape are arranged side by side to each other, such that a zig- zag arrangement of the support material layer, or the reticular support structure, provides abutting support material layer folding portions like hollow cones, which contributes decisively to shape stability.
- the tips of the cones are located on the upstream bending lines.
- each deformation is provided by four flat surface portions of the support material layer or the reticular support structure extending at angles to each other.
- This type of deformation is generated, as each other deformation as well, by hot forming or hot pressing of the previously flat support material layer.
- there still occurs (with duromer plastic mate- rial) a hardening of the deformed support material.
- two of the four surface portions of each deformation, respectively are arranged in pairs facing each other, the two surface portions of the first pair being substantially of triangular shape and the two surface portions of the second pair being substantially of trapezoidal shape. If the triangles of the first pair of surface portions are not equalsided, asymmetric depressions or protrusions are formed.
- the filter element of the invention is placed in the fluid flow to be filtered in such a manner that the fluid impinges first on the layer of filter material held by the support material layer.
- a means such as a blower or the like is provided for blowing air through the filter element.
- the term "means" has a very wide meaning in the context of the invention; it is meant to comprise all devices and circumstances providing for a (fluid) flow passing through the filter element.
- a means can also be the vehicle itself because the vehicle generates an airflow while being driven, with the airflow streaming through the ' filter element of the filter means.
- an air filtration system wherein the air flow through the filter element is generated by a pressure difference caused, e.g., by differently heated half spaces on the entrance and exit sides of the filter element, is a means for maintaining the fluid flow.
- Fig. 1. is a perspective plan view of the reticular support structure used as a support material layer, showing the side thereof with the filter material layer thereon, the depressions formed in the reticular support structure, and the filter material layer which is partially broken away in the Figure.
- Fig. 2. is a sectional view, taken along the line III, through the three-dimensional reticular support structure according to Fig. 1 with the filter material layer placed thereon.
- Fig. 3. is a side view of the reticular support structure with the filter material layer when folded into zig-zag shape.
- Fig. 4. is a perspective view of the zig-zag shaped filter element, the filter frame surrounding it being schematically indicated.
- Fig. 5. is a plan view of the zig-zag shaped reticular support structure (without the filter material layer) .
- Fig. 6. is a bottom view of the zig-zag shaped reticular support structure. Detailed Description of the Invention
- Fig. 1 shows the stretched out filter element 10 in perspective view from above, i.e. from the side exposed to the onflowing air, with the filter material layer 12 being partly broken away for showing the reticular support structure 14 arranged thereunder.
- the reticular support structure 14 is made from plastic and serves as a support material layer for the filter material layer 12.
- the filter material layer 12 is a layer of nonwoven fiber material, particularly a nonwoven electret layer.
- the reticular support structure 14 has a plurality of bending lines 16,17 extending in parallel and at identical distances to each other while delimiting folding portions 18 therebetween. When the reticular support structure 14 is arranged in zig-zag shape, each of these folding portions 18 is oriented obliquely.
- the reticular support structure 14 comprises a plurality of deformations 20 arranged respectively between two adjacent bending lines 16,17.
- said deformations 20 present protrusions or projections.
- the deformations 20 extend respectively over the entire folding portions 18, namely in the running direction of the folding portions 18 between two bending lines 16,17.
- the bending lines 16,17 define boundary edges at two sides of the deformations 20.
- the deformations 20 themselves comprise four flat surface portions arranged at angular relationship to each other. Among these surface portions, two triangular portions 22,24 and two trapezoidal portions 26,28 are arranged opposite each other, respectively.
- Per folding portion 18 a plurality of such deformations 20 are arranged side by side to each other, the base edges of the triangular surface portions 22,24 forming boundary edges 30 for the deformations 20 arranged perpendicularly to the bending lines 16, 17.
- boundary edges 30 and bending lines 16,17 are located on the same plane, with the bending lines 16,17 respectively forming the boundary edges for the trapezoidal surface portions.
- the trapezoidal surface portions 28 are oriented at a flatter angle relative to the plane of the boundary edges 30 and bending lines 16,17 than the other ones of the trapezoidal surface portions 26.
- the longer edges of the trapezoidal surface portions 26,28 coincide with the bending lines 16 or 17, respectively.
- the location and the shapes of the deformations 20 on two adjacent folding portions 18 are symmetrical about the bending line 16 or 17 separating the two folding portions 18.
- the shorter ones of the parallel edges of the two trapezoidal surface portions 26,28 of each deformation 20 coincide with each other (see line 31 in Fig. 1) and are of identical length.
- the reticular support structure 14 can form a zig-zag shape with the two flat trapezoidal surface portions 28, of two opposing deformations 20 on two adjacent folding portions 18, limiting movement at a common bending line 16 which, with respect to the zig-zag shaped filter element 10, is arranged up-stream in flow direction 34.
- the angle between two adjacent folding portions 18 on both sides of the common bending line 16 is defined by the angle 19 between surface portion 28 and the plane of folding portion 18 which is defined by the boundary edges 30 (cf. Fig. 3) .
- two adjacent folding portions 18, separated from each other by a bending line 16 extend at an angle to each other being twice as large as angle 19.
- the surface portions 28, depending on the respective configuration of the bending region therebetween extend in parallel to each other or contact each other.
- angle 19 between surface portions 28 and boundary edges 30 determines the extent or periodicity of the folding configuration of reticular support structure 14.
- the steeper trapezoidal surface portions 26 extend outward on both sides of the downstream, in flow direction 34, bending lines 17 of the folded filter element 10.
- the zig-zag shaped filter element 10 is carried by a filter frame 36, connected to the inner face thereof by bonding.
- a filter frame 36 connected to the inner face thereof by bonding.
- four triangular surface portions 22,24 abut each other in pairs, from four deformations 20 the pairs are arranged adjacent and opposite each other and symmetrical to a bending line 16, and form conical or slightly flattened conical structures 38 when the filter element 10 is folded into zig-zag shape.
- the tips 40 of said conical structures 38 are located on bending line 16.
- the reticular support structure 14 can be rather wide- meshed, while the webs of support structure 14 are relatively thin, which is made possible because the reticular support structure 14, in its zig-zag configuration, has inherent shape stability due to the particular shape of the deformations 20.
- the filter material layer 12 lies on the reticular support structure 14 only at the boundary edges 30 and the bending lines 16,17 delimiting the deformations 20.
- filter material layer 12 is spaced from the reticular support structure 14, arranged thereunder in flow direction 34.
- the air passing through filter material layer 12 will expand this filter layer 12 of nonwoven fiber material, or at least it will not lead to a compression of the filter material at those locations where filter material layer 12 does not lie on reticular support structure 14; thus, filter material layer 12 becomes more permeable to air or at least substantially maintains its degree of air permeability.
- With expansion of the nonwoven fiber material of filter material layer 12 the distance of the individual fibers to each other is enlarged.
- the filter material layer 12 comprises the nonwoven fiber layer 42 and a cover layer 44 of hardened non- woven fiber material.
- the thin cover layer 44 lies on the nonwoven fiber layer 42 on the side of layer 42 opposite the reticular support structure 14 and is bonded to nonwoven fiber layer 42.
- the cover layer 44 of hardened nonwoven fiber material reduces the number of fiber ends, nonwoven fiber layer 42, projecting into the V-shaped intermediate spaces 46 (cf. Fig. 3) of filter element 10 and causing air turbulence therein.
- the following specifications will give an example of a filter element 10 according to the above description and the arrangement shown in the Figures.
- a filter element there was used a reticular support structure of polypropylene having diamant-shaped openings and webs 0.45 mm wide.
- the diamant-shaped openings had the dimensions 3.6 mm x 4.1 mm.
- the reticular support structure had a thickness of 0.85 mm.
- polypropylene is a preferred material for the reticular support structure, other polymers can be used to that purpose.
- the flat reticular support structure was subjected to high temperature and deformation to generate or pre-define the deformations 20 with their boundary edges 30 as well as the subsequent bending lines 16,17.
- the bending lines 16,17 were about 4.5 cm from each other, while the perpendicularly oriented boundary edges 30 between adjacent deformations, were separated by about 4.0 cm.
- each deformation covered a surface area of about 4.5 cm x 4.0 cm.
- the nonwoven fiber material of the filter material layer was a nonwoven electret fiber material of split fibers having a cross-section of 10 micrometers x 20 to 60 micrometers.
- the basic weight of the nonwoven electret fiber material was 100 g/m 2 .
- the fibers were randomly distributed and needle-tacked. Further, the fibers consisted of polypropylene with electret char ⁇ acteristics lent to these fibers in a known manner. Connection of the filter material layer to the reti- cular support structure was accomplished by gluing or ultrasonic welding.
- a filter material of this type is available under the product name 3M FiltreteTM.
- An alternative filter material is the material distributed under the product name SBMF, which is a nonwoven fiber material obtained in a melt-blown process and having fibers of round section and a diameter of 1 to 5 micrometers, the fibers being blown onto a substrate.
- SBMF product name
- the sample of the filter element had dimensions (length, width, height) of 145 mm x 145 mm x 45 mm.
- the height of the folds was 35 mm; also the distance of the individual folds from each other, i.e., the distance of all upstream and downstream bending lines, was about 35 mm.
- the air throughput of a filter element with the above specifications was 75 to 90 m 3 /h with a pressure drop of 25 pa.
- the reduction of the air resistance resulting from the novel construction of the filter element is in the range of 15% leading to a higher output rate of clean air, which could be detected, e.g. , through the AHAM test.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002128709A CA2128709A1 (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1993-01-12 | Filter element for the filtration of fluids |
KR1019940703066A KR950700110A (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1993-01-12 | FILTER ELEMENT FOR THE FILTRATION OF FLUIDS |
DE69301913T DE69301913T2 (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1993-01-12 | FILTER ELEMENT FOR FILTRATING FLUIDS |
BR9306022A BR9306022A (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1993-01-12 | Filter element for filtering fluids |
EP93903072A EP0629143B1 (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1993-01-12 | Filter element for the filtration of fluids |
JP5515654A JPH07504358A (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1993-01-12 | Filter elements for fluid filtration |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4206738.3 | 1992-03-04 | ||
DE4206738A DE4206738A1 (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1992-03-04 | FILTER ELEMENT FOR FILTERING FLUIDS, IN PARTICULAR FOR FILTERING AIR |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993017777A1 true WO1993017777A1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
Family
ID=6453164
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1993/000237 WO1993017777A1 (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1993-01-12 | Filter element for the filtration of fluids |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5505852A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0629143B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH07504358A (en) |
KR (1) | KR950700110A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9306022A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2128709A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4206738A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993017777A1 (en) |
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1992
- 1992-03-04 DE DE4206738A patent/DE4206738A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-01-12 DE DE69301913T patent/DE69301913T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-12 JP JP5515654A patent/JPH07504358A/en active Pending
- 1993-01-12 BR BR9306022A patent/BR9306022A/en unknown
- 1993-01-12 EP EP93903072A patent/EP0629143B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-12 KR KR1019940703066A patent/KR950700110A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-01-12 WO PCT/US1993/000237 patent/WO1993017777A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-01-12 CA CA002128709A patent/CA2128709A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1994
- 1994-07-19 US US08/256,594 patent/US5505852A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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WO1984003842A1 (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-11 | Ernst Turck | Filter elements for filtering apparatus |
US4954255A (en) * | 1988-04-02 | 1990-09-04 | S.F. Muller & Partner | Filtering apparatus with pleated filtering material |
EP0394622A1 (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-10-31 | Robert Andreae | Process and device for filtration |
DE4004343A1 (en) * | 1990-02-13 | 1991-08-14 | Fischer Artur Werke Gmbh | Air filter frame - for rapid assembly of V=shaped filter inserts |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2020099895A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-07-02 | ポール・コーポレーションPall Corporation | Support/drainage material, filter and usage method |
US10918976B2 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2021-02-16 | Pall Corporation | Support and drainage material, filter, and method of use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2128709A1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
KR950700110A (en) | 1995-01-16 |
DE69301913D1 (en) | 1996-04-25 |
EP0629143A1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
DE4206738A1 (en) | 1993-09-09 |
US5505852A (en) | 1996-04-09 |
DE69301913T2 (en) | 1996-08-08 |
EP0629143B1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
JPH07504358A (en) | 1995-05-18 |
BR9306022A (en) | 1997-11-18 |
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