WO1993012834A1

WO1993012834A1 - Pad for preventing bed sore

Info

Publication number: WO1993012834A1
Application number: PCT/JP1992/000824
Authority: WO
Inventors: Junjiro Kojima
Original assignee: Tokai Medical Service Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 1991-12-25
Filing date: 1992-06-29
Publication date: 1993-07-08
Also published as: AU2167092A; JPH06134006A; JP2507211B2

Abstract

A pad for effectively preventing bed sore is realized. This pad for preventing bed sore comprises: cushion pads for supporting portions susceptible to bed sore; sensor switches provided at the portions susceptible to bed sore and turned on when a pressure higher than a bed sore pressure acts thereto; exposed electrodes which are disposed around the susceptible portions; and a controller. The controller supplies current of low frequencies when a pressure is continued over a predetermined period of time, increases a current value with an increase in the time of continuance of pressure and continues current supply even after the release of pressure, when the pressure is continued over a predetermined period of time. When the pressure is continued, the supply of current prevents circulation from slowing, promotes circulation facilitating action with the continuance of the pressure, and further, quickens the restoration of circulation after the release of the pressure. Disuse atrophy of a group of muscles around a portion susceptible to bed sore can be prevented by the current supply, so that the load of the pressure to a susceptible portion can be dispersed.

Description

Specification

Bedsore prevention pad

【Technical field】

“Drug sores” The so-called bed sore is not only a medical and nursing problem for severely ill patients and long-term bedridden patients, but also poses a very serious problem to an aging society in which the number of bedridden elderly people increases significantly.

The present invention is intended to develop a compact device capable of effectively preventing bedsores, thereby reducing the burden on both patients and nurses.

[Background Art]

The actual condition of pressure ulcers is obstructive necrosis caused by local circulatory disturbance due to compression, etc., and the area with high body pressure distribution in the supine position is the most common area for bedsores. In addition, the atrophy of the muscle group around the frequently occurring site further increases the load pressure on the most commonly occurring site. It is known that bedsore occurs even when the compression time is short in a part where body pressure distribution is high, and a pressure of 400 to 600 g Zcnf acts in the sacrum where the highest pressure acts in the supine position. After about 3 hours, bedsores begin to occur.

Currently, clinically, 2 hours is the safety limit, and repositioning occurs every 2 hours. However, this nursing method has a remarkably high burden on nurses and is inadequate as a countermeasure against bedsores. Therefore, it is common practice to use a device that disperses the body pressure distribution using an air mat or a circular seat. However, this is only a supportive one, and it is common for bed sores to occur while using these devices. In view of such circumstances, the present inventor has developed a bedsores prevention pad described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2-166615. This technique is still undisclosed on the priority date of the present application.

This bedsore prevention pad is an application of low-frequency treatment technology. Low-frequency treatment technology is a widely used treatment today, and is a method of applying low-frequency current locally to the human body. When a low-frequency current is applied to the human body, vasomotor nerves are stimulated and blood circulation is promoted. Other rhythmic contractions of the muscle also occur, and these combined effects improve circulation. In addition, it is possible to prevent the muscular atrophy of the muscle group around the frequently occurring site.

Focusing on the above, the present inventor has developed a bedsore prevention pad of Japanese Patent Application No. 2-1666152. This bedsore prevention pad is used by being inserted between the human body and the bed. A large number of switches are provided on the pad surface, each consisting of a switch that comes into contact when a pressure higher than the bed pressure occurs and an exposed electrode that flows in close contact with the human body. According to the bedsore prevention pad, a switch at a portion where pressure more than the occurrence of bedsores is turned on, current flows, and bedsores is effectively prevented.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The conventional nursing method, in which the nurse changes the body position at predetermined time intervals, is that the burden on the nurse is still large even when air pressure mats, circular seats, and other body pressure dispersing devices are used in combination, and bed slips can occur. That is inevitable.

The bedsore prevention pad developed earlier by the applicant has a small burden on nurses and can effectively prevent bedsores, but still has the following problems.

First, manufacturing costs tend to be high because many pairs of electrodes and switches are required. In this pad, power is turned on when the switch is turned on, and cut off when the switch is turned off. That is, there is a one-to-one correspondence between body pressure and energization. However, the applicant has tried a number of experiments in which the pinna of a rabbit was pressed and energized in various manners. As a result, it was confirmed that the circulation was quickly restored if the energization was continued even after the compression was released. ·

Therefore, in the present invention, the number of sensor switches can be reduced, and the ON / OFF of the sensor switch and the presence / absence of energization do not correspond to one-to-one. We decided to obtain a device with a higher preventive effect that can be energized.

For this purpose, in the bedsores prevention pad according to the present invention, a sensor switch for detecting the presence or absence of compression and an exposed electrode for energization are provided completely separately. If the sensor switch and the exposed electrode are provided completely separately, the number of sensor switches can be smaller than that for the exposed electrode that requires a large number. In addition, ON / OFF of the sensor switch and ON / OFF of energization can be separated, so that energization can be stopped even if pressure is applied or energized without compression.

Furthermore, in this invention, a prevention pad with a controller has been created. This controller controls the presence or absence of energization based on the on / off of the sensor switch. --Energization is started when approaching the area, and a large current is applied if compression is continued, and after release for a long time after compression is released and compression is released, Also, control for continuing energization is performed for a certain time. According to this bedsore prevention pad, energization is controlled in a manner that is less uncomfortable for the user and that is extremely effective in preventing bedsores.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be better understood from the description of the accompanying drawings and the examples which follow.

[Brief description of the drawings]

Fig. 1: Plan view of bedsore prevention pad according to one embodiment of the present invention

Figure 2; Partial sectional view of Figure 1

Fig. 3: Circuit diagram of bedsore prevention pad of Fig. 1

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5; Processing procedure diagram executed by the circuit of Fig. 3.

Figure 6: Body pressure distribution map

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Next, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. 1 to 4 relate to this embodiment, in which the present invention is applied to prevent bedsores in the sacral region and the ischial tuberosity. As shown in FIG. 6, the body pressure of the sacral region 108 in the supine position is extremely high, and the body pressure of the ischial tuberosity 110 is also high, and both are the most likely sites of bedsores. The present invention is also effective for preventing bedsores in other parts, and this is only an example.

FIG. 1 shows an overall external view of the preventive pad 74, and FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view thereof. In the figure, reference numeral 80 indicates an upper cushion layer, and reference numeral 82 indicates a lower cushion layer. Both cushion layers 80 and 82 are bonded together to form one cushion pad 81. The cushion pad 81 is formed in a planar shape that can be wound around a human body and attached along the shape of the buttocks. Also, it is formed in a curved shape along the round of the buttocks. Further, on the side directly in contact with the buttocks, a convex portion 92 is formed along the concave portion at the peripheral edge of the anus. At the left and right ends of the cushion pad 81, torso belts 86, 76 for fixing the cushion pad 81 to a human body are attached. Further, a crotch belt 90 passing between the clothes extends from below the convex portion 92, and the tip of the crotch belt 90 is attached near the tip of the trunk belt 86. Two barrels Buckles 88 and 78 are fixed to the ends of the bolts 86 and 76, and the cushion pads 81 are fixed by the belts 86, 76 and 90 so that the cushion pad 81 does not shift to the buttocks.

Further, the cushion pad 81 is formed of a water-impermeable material so that stool and urine do not enter the cushion pad 81.

This cushion pad 81 has three built-in sensor switches 12, 14, and 16; the sensor switch 12 is located at the ischial tuberosity on the right side of the human body, the sensor switch 14 is located at the sacral site, and the sensor switch 16 is located at the left side of the human body. It is located corresponding to the ischial tuberosity. Each of the sensor switches 12, 14, and 16 has the same structure, and the sensor switch 12 will be described as an example. As is well understood in FIG. 2, the sensor switches 12, 14, and 16 are interposed between the upper cushion layer 80 and the lower cushion layer 82. Each of the sensor switches 12, 14, 16 is housed in a space formed by an elastically deformable cup-shaped deformable member 92 made of rubber or the like and a dish-shaped receiving member 98 also made of elastic deformable rubber or the like. I have. One switch terminal 96 is fixed to the lower surface of the deformable member 92, and the other switch terminal 102 is fixed to the upper surface of the receiving member 98. If no load or only a small load acts on the upper surface 94 of the deformable member 98, a gap 100 is formed between the two switch terminals 96 and 102 so that the two switch terminals 96 and 102 do not contact. On the other hand, when a pressure of 0.1 kg / kg or more acts on the upper surface 94 of the deformable member 92, the switch terminals 96 and 102 come into contact with each other. Here, the pressure of 0.1 kgZcrf or more corresponds to the pressure at which bedsore occurs when the pressurized state continues for a long time. Lead wires 20 and 18 are connected to the switch terminals 96 and 102, respectively, and are connected as described later. The lead wires 20 and 18 are fixed to the bonding surfaces of the upper and lower cushion layers 80 and 82 with an adhesive for bonding the two cushion layers 80 and 82 together.

Eight exposed electrodes 2, 4, 6, 8, 30, 32, 34, 36 are formed on the side of the cushion pad 81 that contacts the human body. Since these exposed electrodes all have the same structure, the exposed electrode 2 will be described. The exposed electrode 2 is formed of a disk-shaped conductor 106 made of conductive rubber and a thin film-shaped adhesive 104 adhered to the surface thereof. The adhesive body 104 has conductivity and has a property of being in close contact with a human body. Conductive --The body 106 is embedded at a height substantially flush with the cushion pad 81, and the adhesive body 104 protrudes from the surface of the cushion pad 81 by the thickness thereof. A lead wire 10 is connected to the conductor 106 and is connected as described later.

Electrodes 2, 4, 30, and 32 surround the right ischial tuberosity, electrodes 4, 6, 32, and 34 surround the sacral region, and electrodes 6, 8, 34, and 36 represent the left ischial tuberosity. It is arranged so that it surrounds. Electrodes 4, 6, 32, and 34 are shared to surround the sacral region and the ischial tuberosity.

The electronic device 52 is connected to the cushion pad 81 via a lead wire 84.

Next, the circuit of the present apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. The electronic device 52 has a power supply 72, a low-frequency oscillator 75, and a current regulator 76. The exposed electrodes 2, 4, 6, and 8 are connected to one terminal of the power supply 72 via a lead wire 10 and are grounded. Have been.

A low-frequency oscillator 75 is connected to the other terminal of the power supply 72, and further connected to a current regulator 76. The low-frequency current whose current has been adjusted by the current regulator 76 can be applied to the exposed electrodes 30, 32, 34, and 36 via the lead wire 68. More specifically, exposure through switch 1 (62) and leads 38, 40! ±} Electrodes 30 and 32 are connected to lead 68, and through switches 2 (64) and leads 42, 44. The exposed electrodes 32 and 34 are connected to the lead wire 68, and the switch 3

The exposed electrode 36 is connected to the lead wire 68 via (66) and the lead wires 46 and 48. For this reason, when switch 1 (62) is turned on, exposed electrodes 2, 4, and 30, 32, ie, at the ischial tuberosity on the right side of the human body, and when switch 2 (64) is turned on, exposed electrodes 4, 6, 32, and 34 are turned on. When switch 3 (66) is turned on, between the exposed electrodes 6, 8 and 34, 36, that is, between the exposed electrodes 6 and 8, that is, in the left ischial tuberosity of the human body, a low-frequency current is applied. Switch 1 (62) is controlled by controller 1 (56), switch 2 (64) is controlled by controller 2 (58), and switch 3 (66) is controlled by controller 3 (60). The current regulator 76 is also controlled by the controllers 56, 58, 60. Further, the electronic device 52 has a built-in display device 54, which is also controlled by the controllers 56, 58, 60. Controller 1 (56) has lead wires 18 and 20. ON / OFF of the sensor switch 12 is input via the switch, the ON / OFF of the sensor switch 14 is input to the controller 2 (58) via the lead wires 22 and 24, and the controller 3 ( The ON / OFF state of the sensor switch 16 is input to 60) via the lead wires 26 and 28. As shown in FIG. 1, the display device 54 is composed of light-emitting elements of three colors of blue, yellow and red. The reference numeral 52a indicates a power switch. Each of the controllers 56, 58, 60 is composed of a logic circuit with a built-in timer, and executes the processing shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively.

In FIG. 4, the processing after step S4 starts when the power switch 52a is turned on (step S2). First, in step S4, the remaining charge amount of the power supply 72 is compared with a predetermined value. If the charge remaining amount is insufficient, the shortage is indicated in step S6 and the power supply is turned off (step S8). Here, the predetermined value is set to a value at which processing after step S10 can be executed. The user or nurse replaces the battery according to the shortage display in step S6.

If the remaining charge of the power supply is equal to or more than the predetermined value, the blue light emitter is continuously turned on in step S10. The user or nurse can see that the device is in operation by the blue light. After the operation starts, the timer time of timer T is initialized to zero in step S12.

Next, a comparison is made as to whether any one of the sensor switches 12, 14, and 16 is on (step S14). O While the compression is not performed at the position where the sensor switch exists, step S14 is not performed. , And the timer T keeps the count time at zero (repeat step S12). Next, when the sensor switch is turned on, step S14 is turned on, and the time measured by the timer T is compared with 90 minutes. Since the timer T is maintained at zero while the sensor switch is off, the timer T measures the time after the start of compression. If the time is less than 90 minutes, step S16 is no, and the on / off of the sensor switch is monitored. If the posture is changed and the compression is released during less than 90 minutes, the process returns to step S12. In this way, step S16 becomes yes only when pressure is continued for 90 minutes. Therefore, in this case, a low-frequency current of 5 mA is applied to the compression site.

As can be seen from the above, even if the compression starts, if it continues for 90 minutes If the pressure is released in the absence of one, the power is turned off. For this reason, the user does not feel unnecessary discomfort. On the other hand, when pressure continues for more than 90 minutes and there is a danger of bedsores, electricity is supplied first.

If the compression is continued for a total of 105 minutes even though the power is being supplied at 5 mA amps, step S 24 is YES. At this time, the energizing current is increased to 10 mA, and the circulation is further enhanced (step S26). This also has the effect of allowing the user to voluntarily change positions. On the other hand, if the compression is released before the total time is less than 105 minutes, step S20 becomes negative and the energization is stopped (step S22). At this stage, continuous energization after compression release is not performed. The current value was increased to 10 MA after 105 minutes had passed since the start of compression, and if compression continued and reached a total of 120 minutes, step S32 became YES and the current value was further increased to 150. Raise to MA (step S3 4). Then, the display device 54 starts to blink yellow (step S36). This allows the user or nurse to know that they are in danger of getting out of bed.

—If the postural change is performed and the compression is released before reaching the total of 120 minutes, step S28 becomes no, and in this case, the power is continued at 15 MA for another 5 minutes (step S 30). As a result, the circulation, which had been reduced due to compression, recovers rapidly, preventing bedsores from occurring in a short time when compression is performed again.

Since the compression state continued for a total of 120 minutes, the body posture did not change even after the current of 15 MA was applied, and when the continuous compression time reached 140 minutes, step S42 in FIG. In this case, yellow is lit continuously in step S44. This signals that the danger of bedsores has significantly increased.

If the posture change is not performed and the continuous compression time reaches 160 minutes, the result of step S50 is YES, and then red is blinked in step S52. This indicates that the danger of bedsores has finally increased. When the continuous compression time reaches 180 minutes, step S58 becomes YES, and in step S60, the red color is continuously lit, and the buzzer sounds (step S62). As a result, the nurse knows that he has entered the final danger state, and performs necessary nursing processing (step S64). If the compression is released before the total time reaches 180 minutes, the power is supplied at 15 MA for 5 minutes after release. To continue and reduce the circulatory depression that occurred during the compression (steps S40, S48, S56). As understood from the above, according to the electronic device 52,

(1) Even if there is pressure, do not turn on electricity unless it continues for 90 minutes,

(2) Increasing the energizing current value stepwise with the continuation of compression,

(3) In addition, the progress status of the risk is made known to nurses, etc.

(4) Further, when the compression is released after the compression has been continued for a certain period of time or more, the process for continuing the energization after the release and promoting the recovery of the circulation is executed.

From the point of (1), according to this device, it is possible to prevent unnecessary power supply to give unnecessary stimulus to the user, and from the points of (2) and (4), it is possible to effectively prevent bedsores. However, the progress of muscle atrophy is also prevented. In addition, from the point of (3), patients and nurses can easily know the degree of danger and take necessary measures. This device will effectively prevent bedsores, reduce the burden on users and nurses, and effectively address one of the serious problems associated with an aging society.

In this embodiment, the electrodes 2, 4, 6, 8, 30, 32, 3, 4, 36 which are separately dispersed are used. Alternatively, the electrode may be a linear area or spread electrode.

The time, current value, and the like in the processing procedures in FIGS. 4 and 5 are examples, and are not limited thereto. Also, the pressure value at which the sensor switch is turned on should be adjusted depending on the part to be used, and the time during the processing procedure in Figs. 4 and 5 should be adjusted accordingly.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A bedsore prevention pad that is used by being interposed between the human body and the bed, and a cushion pad on which the human body rides,

A bedsore prevention pad comprising: a sensor switch provided at a cushion beds likely to occur; and an exposed electrode exposed on a surface of the cushion pad and disposed around the bedsore.

2. The pad for preventing bedsores according to claim 1, wherein the cushion pad has a shape on which the buttocks of a human body can be placed, and the sensor switch has three portions of a left ischium node, a sacral site, and a right ischium node. A pad for preventing floor slippage, wherein the exposed electrode is disposed around each of three sites of a left ischial tuberosity, a sacral region, and a right ischial tuberosity.

3. The bedsore prevention pad according to claim 2, wherein a part of the exposed electrode corresponding to the right ischial nodule and a part of the exposed electrode corresponding to the sacral part are shared, and the left ischial nodule is provided. Bedsore prevention pad characterized in that part of the corresponding exposed electrode and part of the exposed electrode corresponding to the sacral region are shared.

4. A bedsore prevention pad according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cushion pad is formed of a water-impermeable material.

5. The bedsore prevention pad according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

A bedsore prevention pad characterized in that a belt is connected to the cushion pad, and the cushion pad can be fixed to a human body by the belt.

6. A preventive pad that is used with the human body interposed between the bed and controlled by electronic devices,

Cushion pad on which the human body rides,

A sensor switch installed at a portion of the cushion pad where bedsores are likely to occur, and an exposed electrode exposed on the surface of the cushion pad and arranged around the bedsores likely site.

A bedsore prevention pad characterized in that the electronic device switches on / off of power supply to the exposed electrode based on ON / OFF of the sensor switch.

7. The bedsore prevention pad according to claim 6, wherein the electronic device is configured to energize the exposed electrode when the sensor switch is continuously turned on for a predetermined time or more. De.

8. The bedsore prevention pad according to claim 6, wherein the electronic device increases a conduction current value together with a duration of the sensor switch.

9. The bedsore prevention pad according to claim 6, wherein the electronic device switches the display with a continuation time of the sensor switch.

10. The bedsores prevention pad according to claim 6, wherein the electronic device is turned off after the sensor switch has been continuously turned on for a predetermined time or more, and is continuously turned off after the sensor switch has been turned off. Bedsore prevention pad, which is characterized in that it is energized by heating.