WO1993012029A1 - A crane - Google Patents

A crane Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993012029A1
WO1993012029A1 PCT/AU1992/000666 AU9200666W WO9312029A1 WO 1993012029 A1 WO1993012029 A1 WO 1993012029A1 AU 9200666 W AU9200666 W AU 9200666W WO 9312029 A1 WO9312029 A1 WO 9312029A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crane
lifting arm
post
brace
configuration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1992/000666
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Donald Frederick Thorby
Original Assignee
Donald Frederick Thorby
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Donald Frederick Thorby filed Critical Donald Frederick Thorby
Priority to EP93900125A priority Critical patent/EP0617694A4/en
Priority to AU31527/93A priority patent/AU663352B2/en
Publication of WO1993012029A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993012029A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B66C23/42Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes with jibs of adjustable configuration, e.g. foldable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B66C23/44Jib-cranes adapted for attachment to standard vehicles, e.g. agricultural tractors

Definitions

  • a CRANE The present invention relates to cranes and, in particular, to a portable crane for use on a motor vehicle. * BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
  • a crane comprising a mounting base rotatably mountable to a tray of a 15 motor vehicle, a base frame member attachable to said mounting base and which extends substantially parallel to said tray, a post which connects at one end to said base frame member and which extends substantially perpendicularly from said base f » -ame member, a lifting arm which pivotally connects to other end of said post, and a brace which extends 20 between said mounting base and said lifting arm, wherein said crane is able to be folded from a use configuration to a folded configuration so that said post, said brace and said lifting arm are substantially parallel when said crane is in said folded configuration.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a crane of a preferred embodiment illustrated in one operating configuration
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of the crane of Fig. 1 illustrated in another 30 operating configuration
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the crane of Fig. 1 illustrated in a folded configuration
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of the crane of Fig. 1 illustrated in an intermediate stage of the folding procedure. 35 BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • the crane 1 is shown as erected in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the crane 1 includes a mounting base 2 which is rotatably mounted into a recess on the tray of a motor vehicle (not illustrated) such as a pickup truck or the like.
  • the mounting base 2 includes a round pipe 3 and a circular flange 4.
  • the round pipe 3 fits within the recess with the circular flange 4 resting on the tray of the motor vehicle.
  • a rectangular hollow section tube (RHS) of a base frame 5.
  • the base frame 5 is welded to the pipe 3, and a bracing triangular plate 6 is welded on the opposite side to provide strength.
  • a RHS post 7 has a RHS perpendicular connecting member 8 welded to its lower end 9. Another bracing triangular plate 11 is welded at the connection to provide strength.
  • the RHS tube of the connecting member 8 is received within the RHS tube of the base frame 5 and a pin 12 is inserted into holes 13 to secure the connecting member 8 and base frame 5 together.
  • the post 7 has at its upper end 14 a pair of connecting strips 15.
  • the connecting strips 15 are pivotally connected to the upper end 17 of the past 7 by a pin 18 which is inserted into holes 19.
  • a winch 20 is attached to a mounting bracket 21 which is mounted on the post 7 via pins 22 which pass through corresponding holes 23 in the post 7.
  • the mounting bracket 21 is pivotal about the top pin 22.
  • a RHS lifting arm 25 is pivotally connected to the post 7 by the connecting strips 15.
  • the connecting strips 15 are welded to both sides of the lifting arm 25 adjacent one end of the lifting arm 25.
  • the lifting arm 25 comprises three sections which are telescopically received within each other. Pins 26 are used through holes 27 to provide the actual configuration for use and non-use.
  • a wire rope 28 from the winch 20 passes up from the winch 20, through the interior of the telescopic lifting arm 25, and has a hook 29 at its end.
  • a RHS telescopic brace 32 is connectable between the connecting strips 31 and another pair of connecting strips 33 which are welded on the top of the mounting base 2.
  • the brace 32 is pivotable through pins 34, 35 which pass through holes 36, 37 on the connecting strips 31 and 33 respectively.
  • a pin 38 passing through holes 39 in the telescopic brace 32 sets the length of the brace 32 for each particular configuration.
  • the crane 1 is illustrated in two use configurations in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the connecting member 8 is received within the base frame 5 and the post 7 is erected with the winch 20 located on the mounting bracket 21.
  • the lifting arm 25 is horizontal and telescopically extended.
  • the brace 32 is set by the pins 38.
  • the crane 1 is rotatable about the axis of the pipe 3 and therefore is able to turn to load or unload the tray of the motor vehicle on which the crane 1 is erected.
  • the lifting arm 25 is shown at an angle of approximately 45° to the horizontal.
  • the lifting arm 25 has been pivotted about the pins 18 which pass through the holes 19 in the connecting strips 15 and the post 7.
  • the brace 32 is extended using the pins 38, with the two sections of the brace 32 are telescopically extended.
  • the configuration as illustrated in Fig. 2 is to be used for larger items and for different lifting procedures.
  • the crane 1 is no longer required for use, it is folded to the folded configuration as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the telescopic lifting arm 25 is shortened to its shortest length as illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • the pins 26 are used to secure the arm 25 at this length.
  • the brace 32 is disconnected from the connecting strips 33 of the mounting base 2 by removing the pins 35.
  • the telescopic brace 32 is then shortened to its shortest length as illustrated in Fig. 4, and pivotted around the pin 34 to lie beside the lifting arm 25. In this position, the end of the brace 32 is received between the pair of connecting strips 31 as illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • the lifting arm 25 is then able to be pivotted downwardly to then lie vertically alongside the post 7.
  • the brace 32 is positioned between the post 7 and lifting arm 25.
  • a pin 41 is passed through a hole 42 at the lower end of the post 7 and through holes 43 located in the pair of connecting strips 31. The pin 41 ensures that the post 7, the brace 32 and the lifting arm 25 are secured together.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

A portable crane (1) for use on a pickup or utility truck is disclosed. The crane (1) has a mounting base (2) rotatably mountable to a tray of the motor vehicle. The crane (1) includes a post (7) connectable to a base frame (5) which is welded to the mounting base (2). A lifting arm (25) and a brace (32) are telescopically arranged for different use configurations. The post (7), the brace (32) and the lifting arm (25) are able to be folded together to be substantially parallel when the crane (1) is in its folded configuration.

Description

A CRANE The present invention relates to cranes and, in particular, to a portable crane for use on a motor vehicle. * BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
5 When using a small pickup truck or utility truck it is often the *- case that heavy loads are lifted onto and from the tray of the truck. It is therefore desirable to have a small portable crane which is able to be mounted on the tray of the truck to do the lifting.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 10 It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved crane which is is to be used on a motor vehicle.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect of the present invention there is disclosed a crane comprising a mounting base rotatably mountable to a tray of a 15 motor vehicle, a base frame member attachable to said mounting base and which extends substantially parallel to said tray, a post which connects at one end to said base frame member and which extends substantially perpendicularly from said base f»-ame member, a lifting arm which pivotally connects to other end of said post, and a brace which extends 20 between said mounting base and said lifting arm, wherein said crane is able to be folded from a use configuration to a folded configuration so that said post, said brace and said lifting arm are substantially parallel when said crane is in said folded configuration.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 25 One embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a side view of a crane of a preferred embodiment illustrated in one operating configuration,
Fig. 2 is a side view of the crane of Fig. 1 illustrated in another 30 operating configuration,
Fig. 3 is a side view of the crane of Fig. 1 illustrated in a folded configuration, and
Fig. 4 is a side view of the crane of Fig. 1 illustrated in an intermediate stage of the folding procedure. 35 BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The crane 1 is shown as erected in Figs. 1 and 2. The crane 1 includes a mounting base 2 which is rotatably mounted into a recess on the tray of a motor vehicle (not illustrated) such as a pickup truck or the like. The mounting base 2 includes a round pipe 3 and a circular flange 4. The round pipe 3 fits within the recess with the circular flange 4 resting on the tray of the motor vehicle.
Protruding perpendicularly to the pipe 3 is a rectangular hollow section tube (RHS) of a base frame 5. The base frame 5 is welded to the pipe 3, and a bracing triangular plate 6 is welded on the opposite side to provide strength.
A RHS post 7 has a RHS perpendicular connecting member 8 welded to its lower end 9. Another bracing triangular plate 11 is welded at the connection to provide strength. The RHS tube of the connecting member 8 is received within the RHS tube of the base frame 5 and a pin 12 is inserted into holes 13 to secure the connecting member 8 and base frame 5 together.
The post 7 has at its upper end 14 a pair of connecting strips 15. The connecting strips 15 are pivotally connected to the upper end 17 of the past 7 by a pin 18 which is inserted into holes 19. A winch 20 is attached to a mounting bracket 21 which is mounted on the post 7 via pins 22 which pass through corresponding holes 23 in the post 7. The mounting bracket 21 is pivotal about the top pin 22. A RHS lifting arm 25 is pivotally connected to the post 7 by the connecting strips 15. The connecting strips 15 are welded to both sides of the lifting arm 25 adjacent one end of the lifting arm 25. As illustrated in the drawings, the lifting arm 25 comprises three sections which are telescopically received within each other. Pins 26 are used through holes 27 to provide the actual configuration for use and non-use. A wire rope 28 from the winch 20 passes up from the winch 20, through the interior of the telescopic lifting arm 25, and has a hook 29 at its end.
Another pair of connecting strips 31 are welded to the sides of the outside one of the sections of the telescopic lifting arm 25. A RHS telescopic brace 32 is connectable between the connecting strips 31 and another pair of connecting strips 33 which are welded on the top of the mounting base 2. The brace 32 is pivotable through pins 34, 35 which pass through holes 36, 37 on the connecting strips 31 and 33 respectively. A pin 38 passing through holes 39 in the telescopic brace 32 sets the length of the brace 32 for each particular configuration.
The crane 1 is illustrated in two use configurations in Figs. 1 and 2. The connecting member 8 is received within the base frame 5 and the post 7 is erected with the winch 20 located on the mounting bracket 21. In the configuration as illustrated in Fig. 1, the lifting arm 25 is horizontal and telescopically extended. The brace 32 is set by the pins 38. The crane 1 is rotatable about the axis of the pipe 3 and therefore is able to turn to load or unload the tray of the motor vehicle on which the crane 1 is erected.
In the configuration as illustrated in Fig. 2, the lifting arm 25 is shown at an angle of approximately 45° to the horizontal. The lifting arm 25 has been pivotted about the pins 18 which pass through the holes 19 in the connecting strips 15 and the post 7. For this operating configuration, the brace 32 is extended using the pins 38, with the two sections of the brace 32 are telescopically extended. The configuration as illustrated in Fig. 2 is to be used for larger items and for different lifting procedures. When the crane 1 is no longer required for use, it is folded to the folded configuration as illustrated in Fig. 3. To accomplish this configuration, the telescopic lifting arm 25 is shortened to its shortest length as illustrated in Fig. 4. The pins 26 are used to secure the arm 25 at this length. The brace 32 is disconnected from the connecting strips 33 of the mounting base 2 by removing the pins 35. The telescopic brace 32 is then shortened to its shortest length as illustrated in Fig. 4, and pivotted around the pin 34 to lie beside the lifting arm 25. In this position, the end of the brace 32 is received between the pair of connecting strips 31 as illustrated in Fig. 4.
The lifting arm 25 is then able to be pivotted downwardly to then lie vertically alongside the post 7. The brace 32 is positioned between the post 7 and lifting arm 25. A pin 41 is passed through a hole 42 at the lower end of the post 7 and through holes 43 located in the pair of connecting strips 31. The pin 41 ensures that the post 7, the brace 32 and the lifting arm 25 are secured together.
To complete the folding process, the lower pin 22 on the mounting bracket 21 is removed and the mounting bracket 21 is pivotted upwardly into the position illustrated in Fig. 3. The winch 20 is in the position adjacent the end of the lifting arm 25. The connecting member 8 is then removed from the base frame 5 by removing the pin 12. The crane 1 is now able to be removed from the motor vehicle and as the crane has a handle 45 located on the side of the post 7 it is able to be carried by hand. The foregoing describes only one embodiment of the present invention, and modifications obvious to those skilled in the art can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A crane comprising a mounting base rotatably mountable to a tray of a motor vehicle, a base frame member attachable to said mounting base and which extends substantially parallel to said tray, a post which connects at one end to said base frame member and which extends substantially perpendicularly from said base frame member, a lifting arm which pivotally connects to other end of said post, and a brace which extends between said mounting base and said lifting arm, wherein said crane is able to be folded from a use configuration to a folded configuration so that said post, said brace and said lifting arm are substantially parallel when said crane is in said folded configuration.
2. The crane as claimed in claim 1, wherein said post and said lifting arm are connected by at least one connecting strip and said lifting arm and said brace are connected by at least one connecting strip
3. The crane as claimed in claim 2 wherein said connecting strip(s) are fixedly secured to said lifting arm and are pivotally attachable to said post and said brace respectively.
4. The crane as claimed in claim 3, wherein said brace and said lifting arm are telescopic.
5. The crane as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein said crane includes a winch with a rope attached thereto, said rope having its free end associated with the lifting arm.
6. The crane as claimed in claim 5, wherein said winch is attached to a mounting bracket on said post.
7. The crane as claimed in claim 6, wherein said mounting bracket is pivotally detachable from said post, so that said winch is movable from said use configuration to said folded configuration.
8. The crane as claimed 1n any one of claims 2-7, wherein said connecting strips use pins to connect the parts together.
9. The crane as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein said crane has a handle and is able to be carried by hand.
PCT/AU1992/000666 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 A crane WO1993012029A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93900125A EP0617694A4 (en) 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 A crane.
AU31527/93A AU663352B2 (en) 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 A crane

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPL004991 1991-12-17
AUPL0049 1991-12-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993012029A1 true WO1993012029A1 (en) 1993-06-24

Family

ID=3775890

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1992/000666 WO1993012029A1 (en) 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 A crane

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0617694A4 (en)
CA (1) CA2126089A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993012029A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2291855A (en) * 1994-07-30 1996-02-07 Scotatlas Ltd Lightweight Crane
EP0949184A2 (en) * 1998-04-08 1999-10-13 Rudolf Ronge Transport device, in particular loading crane, for the transport of tombstones, monuments and the like
US6135300A (en) * 1999-09-17 2000-10-24 Fox; Merle Parapet-mounted hoist
US6182788B1 (en) 1996-08-02 2001-02-06 Holt Industries Pty Ltd. Elevating work platform
EP3023380A3 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-06-29 Reid Lifting Limited A davit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111285270A (en) * 2020-03-30 2020-06-16 中国重汽集团泰安五岳专用汽车有限公司 Vehicle-mounted lifting device and folding method thereof

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1779271A (en) * 1926-08-07 1930-10-21 Moore Brothers Co Collapsible jib crane
FR1135535A (en) * 1955-11-04 1957-04-30 Entpr Electr L Lesens Crane or similar
AU3029767A (en) * 1967-11-24 1969-05-29 Karl Fritjof Torbjorn Adolfsson Portable cranes
CH509227A (en) * 1969-04-18 1971-06-30 Orenstein & Koppel Ag Mobile hydraulic crane
DE2134083A1 (en) * 1970-11-13 1972-05-18 Edilmac Spa Horizontally collapsible tower crane
AU6072486A (en) * 1985-10-11 1987-04-16 Russell John Williams Lifting device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2160170A (en) * 1984-06-15 1985-12-18 Didsbury Eng Davit (especially for vehicles)

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1779271A (en) * 1926-08-07 1930-10-21 Moore Brothers Co Collapsible jib crane
FR1135535A (en) * 1955-11-04 1957-04-30 Entpr Electr L Lesens Crane or similar
AU3029767A (en) * 1967-11-24 1969-05-29 Karl Fritjof Torbjorn Adolfsson Portable cranes
CH509227A (en) * 1969-04-18 1971-06-30 Orenstein & Koppel Ag Mobile hydraulic crane
DE2134083A1 (en) * 1970-11-13 1972-05-18 Edilmac Spa Horizontally collapsible tower crane
AU6072486A (en) * 1985-10-11 1987-04-16 Russell John Williams Lifting device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0617694A4 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2291855A (en) * 1994-07-30 1996-02-07 Scotatlas Ltd Lightweight Crane
GB2291855B (en) * 1994-07-30 1997-10-15 Scotatlas Ltd Lightweight crane
US6182788B1 (en) 1996-08-02 2001-02-06 Holt Industries Pty Ltd. Elevating work platform
EP0949184A2 (en) * 1998-04-08 1999-10-13 Rudolf Ronge Transport device, in particular loading crane, for the transport of tombstones, monuments and the like
EP0949184A3 (en) * 1998-04-08 2004-07-14 Rudolf Ronge Transport device, in particular loading crane, for the transport of tombstones, monuments and the like
US6135300A (en) * 1999-09-17 2000-10-24 Fox; Merle Parapet-mounted hoist
EP3023380A3 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-06-29 Reid Lifting Limited A davit
US10287138B2 (en) 2014-10-28 2019-05-14 Reid Lifting Limited Davit
US10625992B2 (en) 2014-10-28 2020-04-21 Reid Lifting Limited Bearing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2126089A1 (en) 1993-06-24
EP0617694A4 (en) 1995-01-18
EP0617694A1 (en) 1994-10-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5725112A (en) Crane
US5281078A (en) Portable hoist
US5934490A (en) Combination engine hoist and stand
US5445487A (en) Boom lift apparatus mountable to different support structures
US6152675A (en) Fold-up hoist for vehicle receiver
US5897101A (en) Collapsible engine hoist
US8844738B2 (en) Foldable lifting apparatus
US5261640A (en) Portable engine hoist
US6425727B1 (en) Quick mount truck lift
US4334668A (en) Portable foldable hoist
US9604825B2 (en) Hoist device and method
US5597078A (en) Mobile crane
WO1993012029A1 (en) A crane
EP0794149B1 (en) Offsetting link assembly for folding luffing jib
US20190176319A1 (en) Multi-Purpose Equipment Stand
AU3152793A (en) A crane
US6042165A (en) Pick-up box lift
JP4777821B2 (en) Tower crane
JP4220051B2 (en) Working vehicle folding guard
CN112079268B (en) Super-lifting device of engineering machinery and engineering machinery
JP2941635B2 (en) Jib hoist
JP2570505Y2 (en) Crane with multi-stage jib
JP2014105085A (en) Work table cover
JPH0340861Y2 (en)
JPH0235583Y2 (en)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU CA US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2126089

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1993900125

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 1994 244848

Country of ref document: US

Date of ref document: 19940914

Kind code of ref document: A

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1993900125

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 1996 617181

Country of ref document: US

Date of ref document: 19960318

Kind code of ref document: A

WWR Wipo information: refused in national office

Ref document number: 1993900125

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1993900125

Country of ref document: EP