WO1993010120A1 - Derives de marcfortine/ paraherquamide utilises comme agents antiparasitaires - Google Patents

Derives de marcfortine/ paraherquamide utilises comme agents antiparasitaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993010120A1
WO1993010120A1 PCT/US1992/009483 US9209483W WO9310120A1 WO 1993010120 A1 WO1993010120 A1 WO 1993010120A1 US 9209483 W US9209483 W US 9209483W WO 9310120 A1 WO9310120 A1 WO 9310120A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
marcfortine
alkyl
thiomarcfortine
alkoxy
paraherquamide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/009483
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English (en)
Inventor
Byung Hyun Lee
Renate N. Taylor
Howard A. Whaley
Stephen J. Nelson
Vincent P. Marshall
Original Assignee
The Upjohn Company
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Upjohn Company filed Critical The Upjohn Company
Priority to RU94026904A priority Critical patent/RU2107687C1/ru
Priority to EP92925072A priority patent/EP0613479A1/fr
Priority to AU31264/93A priority patent/AU681998B2/en
Priority to US08/256,111 priority patent/US5776936A/en
Priority to JP5509308A priority patent/JPH07501693A/ja
Publication of WO1993010120A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993010120A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/10—Anthelmintics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
    • C12P17/18—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms

Definitions

  • marcfortines are known compounds and are disclosed by Polonsky et al. in Journal of the Chemical Society Chemical Communications 1980 601-602 (Marcfortine A) and
  • the compounds are fungal metabolites of Penicillium roqueforti.
  • the marcfortines are structurally related to the paraherquamides which are also known compounds.
  • the paraherquamides are disclosed by
  • Paraherquamide has the following structure:
  • WO 91/09961 discloses various derivatives of marcfortine and paraherquamide, and N(12) oxides thereof, well as the production the production of VM 29919 (paraherquamide) and VM 55596 (the N(12)oxide of paraherquamide) inter alia from Penicillium Sp. IMI 332995.
  • US Patent 4,873,247 discloses derivatives of paraherquamide and a strain of Penicillium charlessi MF 5123 (ATCC 20841) for the production of paraherquamide.
  • US Patent 4,978, 656 discloses various synthetic derivatives of
  • Paraherquamide is a compound produced under certain conditions by the fungal organism Penicllium paraherquei.
  • WO 92/00300 discloses the synthesis paraherquamide related compounds produced from Penicillium paraherquei, deposited at the C.A.B. International Mycological Institute, Ferry Lane, Kew, London, under deposit number CMI 68220.
  • This invention is concerned with the synthesis of C-18 thiomarcfortines A. B, and C and derivatives thereof, C-18 thioparaherquamide and derivatives thereof, novel N-1 marcfortines A, B, and C and derivatives thereof, novel N-1 paraherquamide and derivatives thereof, and the use of these compounds as antiparasitic agents.
  • thiomarcfortine, thioparaherquamide, marcfortine and paraherquamide derivatives A further objective of this invention is to describe processes for the preparation of these compounds.
  • a still further objective is to describe the use of the instant compounds as antiparasitic agents in the treatment and prevention of parasitic diseases.
  • compositions for the treatment of parasitic diseases which contain the novel compounds of this invention as the active ingredient thereof. Further objectives will become apparent from a reading of the following description.
  • n 0 or 1
  • n 0 or 1 (preferably 0); W is O or S;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, cyclo C 3 -C 8 alkyl, benzyl, C 2 -C 7 alkanoyl (-C(O)C 2 -C 7 alkyI) ⁇ optionally substituted with carboxy (-COOH), C 1 -C 7 alkanoyl, carbo C 1 -C 7 alkoxy (-C(O)OC 1 -C 7 alkyl), -NR 4 R 5 , aminocarbonyl (-C(O)NR 4 R 5 ) ⁇ , C 10 -C 24 alkanoyl (-C(O)C 10 -C 24 aIkyl, cyclo C 3 -C 8 alkanoyl ⁇ optionally substituted with carboxy, C 1 -C 7 alkanoyl, carbo C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, -NR 4 R 5 , aminocarbonyl ⁇ , alkanoyloxymethylene (-CH 2 OC(O)-C 2
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 4 and R 5 being the same or different, are selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl,
  • R' 4 and R' 5 are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl
  • cyclo(C 3 -C 8 )alkyl phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ or when taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic amine ring optionally containing 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S;
  • X is O or S
  • R 2 and R 3 being the same or different, are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ , C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, thio(C 1 - C 7 )alkoxy, phenoxy, thiophenoxy,
  • R 7 and R 8 being the same or different, are selected from H, C 1 -C 7 alkyl or taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic ring ⁇ , or taken together with P form a 4- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring;
  • R 6 is C 1 -C 7 alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, carboC 1 -C 7 alkoxy, -NR 9 R 10 where R 9 and R 10 , being the same or different, are C 1 -C 7 alkyl or phenyl (optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, lower alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano, C 1 -C 7 alkoxy); R 24 is hydrogen, halogen or C 1 -C 7 alkoxy;
  • R 25 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R 18a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl or benzyl;
  • the broken line between carbons 24 and 25 represents a single or double bond.
  • the compounds of this invention include pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as well as 12a-N-oxides thereof.
  • Another aspect of this invention are:
  • n is 0 or 1 (preferably 0);
  • Ri is hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, cyclo C 3 -C 8 alkyl, benzyl, C 2 -C 7 alkanoyl
  • R 4 and R 5 being the same or different, are selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ or when taken together with N, form a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic amine ring;
  • R' 4 and R' 5 are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl
  • cyclo(C 3 -C 8 )alkyl phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ or when taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic amine ring optionally containing 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S;
  • X is O or S;
  • R 2 and R 3 being the same or different, are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ , C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, thio(C 1 -C 7 )alkoxy, phenoxy, thiophenoxy, -NR 7 R 8 ⁇ where R 7 and R 8 , being the same or different, are selected from H, C 1 -C 7 alkyl or taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic ring ⁇ , or taken together with P form a 4- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring;
  • R 6 is C 1 -C 7 , alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, carbo C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, -NR 9 R 10 where R 9 and R 10 , being the same or different, are C 1 -C 7 alkyl or phenyl (optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, lower alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano, C 1 -C 7 alkoxy); R 24 is hydrogen, halogen or C 1 -C 7 alkoxy;
  • R 25 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R 18a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl or benzyl; the broken line between carbons 24 and 25 represents a single or double bond.
  • Another aspect of this invention provides an 18-thioparaherquamide or derivatives of
  • n is 0 or 1 (preferably 0);
  • R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, cyclo C 3 -C 8 alkyl, benzyl, C 1 -C 7 alkanoyl
  • C 1 -C 4 alkyl ( C 1 -C 4 alkyl) 2 ), C 1 -C 7 alkoxycarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ ,
  • R 4 and R 5 being the same or different, are selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl,
  • R' 4 and R' 5 are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl
  • cyclo(C 3 -C 8 )alkyI phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ or when taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic amine ring optionally containing 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S;
  • X is O or S
  • R 2 and R 3 being the same or different, are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ , C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, thio(C 1 -C 7 )alkoxy, phenoxy, thiophenoxy,
  • R 7 and R 8 being the same or different, are selected from H, C 1 -C 7 alkyl or taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic ring ⁇ , or taken together with P form a 4- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring;
  • R 6 is C 1 -C 7 alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, carbo C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, -NR 9 R 10 where R 9 and R 10 , being the same or different, are C 1 -C 7 alkyl or phenyl (optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, lower alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano, C 1 -C 7 alkoxy); R 24 is hydrogen, halogen or C 1 -C 7 alkoxy;
  • R 25 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R 14a and R 14b being the same or different, are selected from hydrogen, hydroxy,
  • alkynyl-C 1 -C 6 alkoxy C 1 -C 6 alkynoyloxy, poly C 1 -C 6 alkoxy-C 1 -C 6 alkoxy,
  • R 18a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl or benzyl; the broken line between carbons 24 and 25 represents a single or double bond.
  • Another aspect of this invention provides novel N-1 marcfortine or derivatives of Formula IV:
  • n is 0 or 1 (preferably 0);
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 4 and R 5 being the same or different, are selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl (optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl,
  • R' 4 and R' 5 are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl
  • cyclo(C 3 -C 8 )alkyl phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ or when taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic amine ring optionally containing 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S;
  • X is O or S
  • R 2 and R 3 being the same or different, are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ , C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, thio( C 1 -C 7 )alkoxy, phenoxy, thiophenoxy,
  • R 7 and R 8 being the same or different, are selected from H, C 1 -C 7 alkyl or taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic ring ⁇ , or taken together with P form a 4- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring;
  • R 6 is C 1 -C 7 alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, carboC 1 -C 7 alkoxy, -NR 9 R 10 where R 9 +nd R 10 , being the same or different, are C 1 -C 7 alkyl or phenyl (optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, lower alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano, C 1 -C 7 alkoxy); R 24 is hydrogen, halogen or C 1 -C 7 alkoxy;
  • R 25 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R 18a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl or benzyl;
  • the broken line between carbons 24 and 25 represents a single or double bond.
  • Another aspect of this invention provides novel N-1 paraherquamide or derivatives of Formula V:
  • n is 0 or 1 (preferably 0);
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) C 2 -C 7 alkanoyl substituted with carboxy (-COOH), C 1 -C 7 alkanoyl, carbo C 1 -C 7 alkoxy (-C(O)OC 1 -C 7 alkyl), -NR 4 R 5 , aminocarbonyl
  • R 4 and R 5 being the same or different, are selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl,
  • R' 4 and R' 5 are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl
  • cyclo(C 3 -C 8 )alkyl phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ or when taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic amine ring optionally containing 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S;
  • X is O or S
  • R 2 and R 3 being the same or different, are selected from C 1 -C 7 alkyl, phenyl ⁇ optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano and C 1 -C 7 alkoxy ⁇ , C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, thio(C 1 -C 7 )alkoxy, phenoxy, thiophenoxy,
  • R 7 and R 8 are selected from H, C 1 -C 7 alkyl or taken together with N, form a saturated heterocyclic ring ⁇ , or taken together with P form a 4- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring;
  • R 6 is C 1 -C 7 alkyl, haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl, carboC 1 -C 7 alkoxy, -NR 9 R 10 where R 9 and R 10 , being the same or different, are C 1 -C 7 alkyl or phenyl (optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, lower alkyl, halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl, nitro, cyano, C 1 -C 7 alkoxy); R 24 is hydrogen, halogen or C 1 -C 7 alkoxy;
  • R 25 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R 18a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 7 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl or benzyl; the broken line between carbons 24 and 25 represents a single or double bond.
  • C i -C j indicates a carbon atoms content of the integer "i" to the integer "j" carbon atoms, inclusive.
  • C 1 -C 3 alkyl refers to alkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms, inclusive, or methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isopropyl.
  • C 1 -C 7 alkyl is intended to include those alkyl groups of from 1 to 7 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched represents a double bond between chain.
  • Examples of such lower alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, secbutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl and the like.
  • CycIo( C 3 -C 8 )alkyl is intended to include alkyl rings of 3 to 8 members.
  • Examples of cyclo( C 3 -C 8 )alkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, bicydo[2.2.1]heptyl, and the like.
  • C 1 -C 8 alkoxy is intended to include those alkoxy groups of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain. Examples of such C 1 -C 8 alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy, and the like.
  • C 2 -C 7 alkanoyl is intended to include those alkanoyl groups of from 2 to 7 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain.
  • Examples of such C 2 -C 7 alkanoyl groups include acetyl, propionyl, isopropionyl, butyryl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl and the like.
  • C 10 -C 24 alkanoyl (-C(O)C 9 -C 23 alkyl) is intended to include those alkanoyl groups of from 10 to 24 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain.
  • Examples of such C 10 -C 24 alkanoyl groups include decanoyl [-C(O)(CH 2 ) 9 CH 3 ], lauroyl [-C(O)(CH 2 ) 10 CH 3 ], tridecanoyl [-C(O) (CH 2 ) 11 CH 3 ], myristoyl [-C(O)(CH 2 ) 12 CH 3 ], pentadecanoyl
  • C 10 -C 24 alkenoyl (-C(O)C 9 -C 23 alkenyl) is intended to include those unsaturated groups of from 10 to 24 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain.
  • Examples of such C 10 -C 24 alkenoyl groups include undecylenoyl [-C(O)(CH 2 ) 7 CH:CHCH 3 ], oleoyl [-C(O)(CH 2 ) 7
  • C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl is intended to include those lower alkoxy substituted lower alkyl groups containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and from 1 to 3 oxygen atoms in either a straight or branched chain.
  • Examples of such C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl groups include methoxymethyl, methoxyethoxym ethyl, methoxyethoxyethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, and the like.
  • Examples ofC 2 -C 8 alkoxymethyl are methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, butoxymethyl, pentoxymethyl, butoxymethyl, pentoxymethyl, hexoxymethyl, and heptoxymethyl, and isomeric forms thereof.
  • alkanoyloxymethylene is intended to include those alkanoyloxy substituted methylenes containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain.
  • Examples of such C 2 -C 8 alkanoyloxymethylene groups include acetoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, n-propoxymethyl, valeroxymethyl and the like.
  • substituted benzoyloxymethylene is intended to include those where
  • benzoyloxymethyl groups in which the benzene ring is substituted with from 0 to 3 substituents selected from lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, nitro, or cyano groups, and halogen atoms.
  • substituted benzenesulfonyl is intended to include those benzenesulfonyl groups in which the benzene ring is substituted with from 0 to 3 substituents selected from lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 7 alkoxy, nitro, or cyano groups, and halogen atoms.
  • halogen is intended to include the halogen atoms fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • halo C 1 -C 7 alkyl is intended to include those halogen substituted C 1 -C 7 alkyl groups containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain and from 1 to 3 halogen atoms.
  • haloC 1 -C 7 alkyl include fluoromethyl, 2-bromoethyl,
  • C 2 -C 8 alkenyl is intended to include those lower alkyl groups containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain which contains 1 to 2 carbon double bonds.
  • Examples of such C 2 -C 8 alkenyl groups include allyl, 3-butenyl, 2,4-pentadienyl, hexenyl, and the like.
  • C 2 -C 8 alkynyl is intended to include those alkynyl groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain which contains 1 to 2 carbon-carbon triple bonds.
  • Examples of such C 2 -C 8 alkynyl groups include propargyl, 2-butynyl,
  • alkoxycarbonyl examples include ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, hexoxycarbonyl and the like.
  • C 1 -C 7 alkanoyl is intended to include alkyl groups of from 1 to 7 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain.
  • Examples of C 1 -C 7 alkanoyl include acetyl, propionyl, iso-butyryl, valeryl, 5-methylhexanoyl, and the like.
  • aminocarbonyl examples include dimethylaminocarbonyl, propylmethylaminocarbonyl, dibutylaminocarbonyl, isopropylaminocarbonyl,
  • aminothiocarbonyl examples include dimethylaminothiocarbonyl, propylmethylaminothiocarbonyl, dibutylaminothiocarbonyl, isopentylaminothiocarbonyl, hexylaminothiocarbonyl and the like.
  • phenylmethoxyphosphonyl 2-thioxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanyl, N,N-dimethylmethoxyphosphoramidyl, diphenylphosphinyl and the like.
  • Examples of -SR 6 include 2,4-dinitrobenzenesuIfenyl, dimethylaminosulfenyl, ethoxycarbonylsulfenyl, trichloromethylsulfenyl, 4-morpholinosulfenyl and the like.
  • Examples of -SO 2 NR 4 R 5 include dimethylsulfamoyl, phenylmethylsulfamoyl,
  • P containing heterocyclic ring is intended to include 1,3-dioxa-2-phosphorinane, 1-aza-3-oxa-2-phospholane, 1,3-diaza-2-phospholane, 1-thia-3-oxa-2-phospholane, and the like.
  • heterocyclic amine rings according to -NR 4 R 5 , -NR' 4 R' S and -NR 7 R 8 are: 4-morpholine,
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts means salts useful for administering the compounds of this invention and include mesylate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, phosphate, acetate, propionate, lactate, maleate, malate, succinate, tartrate, and the like. These salts may be in hydrated form.
  • Preferred compounds of this invention are compounds of Formula I (as well as Formula II, III, IV and V) where R 24 and R 25 are hydrogen; R 18a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkenyl or benzyl; and the broken line between carbons 24 and 25 represents a double bond.
  • Examples of the compounds of Formula III of this invention are as follows: 18-thioparaherquamide
  • Examples of the compounds of Formula IV of this invention are as follows: 1-diethoxythiophosphoryl-marcfortine A
  • Examples of the compounds of Formula V of this invention are as follows: 1 -acetoxymethyl-paraherquamide
  • the compounds of Formula II are prepared by the following procedures:
  • the reactions are conducted in a suitable inert solvent such as pyridine, collidine, toluene (preferred), xylene, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and the like, at temperatures from 10° to 180° preferably 80° to 140°.
  • a suitable inert solvent such as pyridine, collidine, toluene (preferred), xylene, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and the like, at temperatures from 10° to 180° preferably 80° to 140°.
  • 18-thiomarcfortines For example, a large series of 18-thiomarcfortine analogs can be prepared by alkylation or acylation of N-1 of the N-18a substituted 18-thiomarcfortines. These derivatives may be easily prepared by sequential treatment of a solution of 18-thiomarcfortine A, N-18a-substituted 18-thiomarcfortine B, or N-18a-substituted 18-thiomarcfortine C in an aprotic organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ether, benzene and the like with an excess of a strong base such as potassium hydride (preferred), sodium hydride, butyllithium, potassium tert-butoxide, and the like followed by a suitable alkylating or acylating agent at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 50°C for 0.25 to 48 hours.
  • a strong base such as potassium hydride (preferred), sodium hydride, butyllithium, potassium
  • Suitable alkylating agents include alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides, alkyl sulfonates, alkenyl iodides, alkynyl bromides, alkoxyalkyl chlorides, and the like.
  • Suitable acylating agents include acyl anhydrides, acyl chlorides, acyl bromides, substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides, substituted benzenesulfonic anhydrides, sulfenyl chlorides, isocyanates, carbamoyl chlorides, chloroformates, and the like.
  • An additional series of derivatives can be generated by modification of the C24-C25 double bond of 18-thiomarcfortines A, B and C.
  • the 24,25 dihydro analogs are readily prepared by stirring a solution of the appropriate 18-thiomarcfortine in an alcoholic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and the like with a catalyst such as palladium, platinum, tris (triphenylphosphine)-chlororhodium and the like in the presence of hydrogen gas.
  • the product which is a 24,25-dihydro-18-thiomarcfortine analog, can be isolated and purified by using techniques known to those skilled in the art. Note that the reactions described above for modification of other portions of the 18-thiomarcfortine structure may also be applied to
  • 24,25-dihydro 18-thiomarcfortine analogs to prepare the corresponding 24,25-dihydro analogs.
  • Additional C24-C25 double bond modified analogs of the 18-thiomarcfortines may be prepared via the 24,25 dibromide which is easily prepared by treating a solution of a 18-thiomarcfortine in a halogenated solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like with 1 molar equivalent of bromine at temperatures ranging from -20°C to 25°C for 0.25 to 8 hours.
  • a halogenated solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like with 1 molar equivalent of bromine at temperatures ranging from -20°C to 25°C for 0.25 to 8 hours.
  • These 24 alkoxy, 25-bromo derivatives can be debrominated by treatment of a solution of the compound in an aprotic organic solvent such as benzene, toluene, hexane, and the like with a tin hydride reducing agent such as tri-butyl tin hydride, tri-phenyl tin hydride and the like with or without the addition of a radical initiator such as azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 120°C for 0.5 to 48 hours.
  • a radical initiator such as azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN)
  • the N-oxide is formed by reaction with a percarboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent.
  • a percarboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent.
  • an aromatic peracid in a non-polar solvent is used, since the reaction may usually be carried out at room temperature.
  • Suitable aromatic peracids include perbenzoic acid, chloroperbenzoic acid and perphthalic acid.
  • the compounds of Formula III are prepared by the following procedures:
  • paraherquamide and derivatives thereof Treatment of paraherquamide and derivatives thereof, with phosphorous pentasulfide or, preferably, 2,4-bis(methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-disulfide (Lawesson's reagent) selectively provides the corresponding 18-thio- derivatives.
  • phosphorous pentasulfide or, preferably, 2,4-bis(methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-disulfide Lawesson's reagent
  • the reactions are conducted in a suitable inert solvent such as pyridine, collidine, toluene (preferred), xylene, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and the like, at temperatures from 10° to 180° preferably 80° to 140°.
  • a suitable inert solvent such as pyridine, collidine, toluene (preferred), xylene, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and the like, at temperatures from 10° to 180° preferably 80° to 140°.
  • 18-thioparaherquamide For example, a large series of 18-thioparaherquamide analogs can be prepared by alkylation or acylation of N-1 of the N-18a substituted 18-thioparaherquamide. These derivatives may be easily prepared by sequential treatment of a solution of
  • Suitable alkylating agents include alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides, alkyl sulfonates, alkenyl iodides, alkynyl bromides, alkoxyalkyl chlorides, and the like.
  • Suitable acylating agents include acyl anhydrides, acyl chlorides, acyl bromides, substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides, substituted benzenesulfonic anhydrides, sulfenyl chlorides, isocyanates, carbamoyl chlorides, chloroformates, and the like.
  • An additional series of derivatives can be generated by modification of the C24-C25 double bond of 18-thioparaherquamides.
  • the 24,25 dihydro analogs are readily prepared by stirring a solution of the appropriate 18-thioparaherquamide in an alcoholic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and the like with a catalyst such as palladium, platinum, tris (triphenylphosphine)-chlororhodium and the like in the presence of hydrogen gas.
  • the product which is a 24,25-dihydro-18-thioparaherquamide analog, can be isolated and purified by using techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • 24,25-dibromo 24,25-dihydro-18-thioparaherquamide analogs described above are useful intermediates for the preparation of additional derivatives.
  • treatment of a solution of the dibromide in an alcoholic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the like with a strong base such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 30°C for 0.25 to 24 hours affords 24-alkoxy-25 bromo-24,25 dihydro-18-thioparaherquamide analogs which can be isolated and purified by using techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
  • These 24 alkoxy, 25-bromo derivatives can be debrominated by treatment of a solution of the compound in an aprotic organic solvent such as benzene, toluene, hexane, and the like with a tin hydride reducing agent such as tri-butyl tin hydride, tri-phenyl tin hydride and the like with or without the addition of a radical initiator such as azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 120°C for 0.5 to 48 hours.
  • a radical initiator such as azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN)
  • the N-oxide is formed by reaction with a percarboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent.
  • a percarboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent.
  • an aromatic peracid in a non-polar solvent is used, since the reaction may usually be carried out at room temperature.
  • Suitable aromatic peracids include peibenzoic acid, chloroperbenzoic acid and perphthalic acid.
  • the compounds of Formula IV are prepared by alkylation or acylation of N-l of marcfortine A and N-18a substituted marcfortines B and C. These derivatives may be easily prepared by sequential treatment of a solution of marcfortine A, or N-18a substituted
  • a strong base such as potassium hydride (preferred), sodium hydride butyllithium, potassium tert-butoxide, and the like followed by a suitable alkylating or acylating agent at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 50°C for 0.25 to 48 hours.
  • Suitable alkylating or acylating agents include alkanoyloxyalkyl bromides, aminosulfenyl chlorides, phosphoryl chlorides, phosphonyl chlorides, acyl anhydrides, acyl chlorides, acyl bromides, substituted benzenesulfenyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, substituted phenoxychloroformates, and the like.
  • Treatment of marcfortine A and N-18a substituted marcfortines B and C and C24-C25 modified marcfortines under these conditions affords 1-N-substituted analogs which can be isolated and purified by using techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • the compounds of Formula V are prepared by alkylation or acylation of N-1 of paraherquamide. These derivatives may be easily prepared by sequential treatment of a solution of paraherquamide in an aprotic organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ether, benzene and the like with an excess of a strong base such as potassium hydride (preferred), sodium hydride butyllithium, potassium tert-butoxide, and the like followed by a suitable alkylating or acylating agent at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 50°C for 0.25 to 48 hours.
  • an aprotic organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ether, benzene and the like
  • a strong base such as potassium hydride (preferred), sodium hydride butyllithium, potassium tert-butoxide, and the like
  • a suitable alkylating or acylating agent at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 50°C for 0.25 to 48 hours.
  • Suitable alkylating or acylating agents include alkanoyloxyalkyl bromides, aminosulfenyl chlorides, phosphoryl chlorides, phosphonyl chlorides, acyl anhydrides, acyl chlorides, acyl bromides, substituted benzenesulfenyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, substituted phenoxychloroformates, and the like. Treatment of paraherquamide under these conditions affords 1-N-substituted analogs which can be isolated and purified by using techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • the N-oxide is formed by reaction with a percarboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent.
  • a percarboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent.
  • an aromatic peracid in a non-polar solvent is used, since the reaction may usually be carried out at room temperature.
  • Suitable aromatic peracids include perbenzoic acid, chloroperbenzoic acid and perphthalic acid.
  • Paraherquamide is isolated from Penicillium Sp. IMI 332995 and/or Penicillium charlessi MF 5123 (ATCC 20841) using standard fermentation and isolation techniques. The isolation is described in detail in US Patent 4,873,247 and 4,978,656 as well as
  • EP 390532-A, EP-301742-A and WO 91/09961 (all of which are incorporated herein by reference).
  • N-18a substituted marcfortines B and C and C24-C25 modified marcfortines are readily prepared by procedures given in U.S. Patent 4,923,867, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Penicillium sp. UC7780 strain number in Upjohn Culture Collection, UC 7780, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI. This strain was isolated from a soil sample collected in Illinois, deposited in the U.S. Department of Agriculture patent culture collection in Peoria, IL and given the accession number NRRL 18887. To further characterize the fungus a taxonomy study was done following the methods and materials described by I. John Pitt, The Genus Penicillium, Academic Press, London, (1979). Spore and hyphae surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy according to the methods of Dietz, A. and Matthews, J, Appl. Microbiology 18:694-696 (1969).
  • Intact conidiophores are visualized by light microscopy [A.H.S. Onions et al., Smith's Introduction to Industrial Mycology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 301-302 (1979)] after slide culture(s) are prepared: A glass petri dish containing glass beads, microscope slide, and coverslip are sterilized. A small block of potato dextrose agar is placed on the slide and inoculated on four sides with the fungus culture. The coverslip is set on the inoculated agar block and sterile water added to maintain moisture. The chamber is incubated for six days at 24 °C. A slide is prepared by removing the coverslip and placing it on a drop of lactophenol cotton blue stain.
  • Penicillium sp. UC 7780 (NRRL 18887) are as follows:
  • branches support the phialides or conidia bearing structures.
  • Conidiophores (approximately 35 ⁇ m) terminated in verticils of 2-5 (10-14 ⁇ m) metulae.
  • Phialides were ampulliform (like an ancient Greek wine jar) in verticils of 2-5 (7 ⁇ m).
  • Conidia were smooth and spheroidal (2 ⁇ m) typically appearing in long columns. The stipe walls were smooth.
  • the culture was inoculated onto three petri dishes of Czapek yeast agar (CYA), one being 6 cm in diameter and one each of malt extract agar (MEA) and 25% glycerol nitrate agar (G25N). Inoculation was made from a semisolid suspension (0.5 ml of 0.2% agar with 0.05% Tween 80). An inoculating loop of conidia was added to the tube and mixed. A loop of suspension was inoculated in a pattern of three sites per plate. A needle was used to stab inoculate the 6 cm plate.
  • Czapek yeast agar CYA
  • MEA malt extract agar
  • G25N glycerol nitrate agar
  • the incubation regime was: one CYA plate plus the MEA and G25N plates at 24°C, one CYA plate at 37°C, and the 6 cm CYA plate at 5°C. After seven days the colony diameters, colors, and other characters were recorded and are set forth in Table I. On potato dextrose agar (PDA, Difco) agar, a deep red color on the bottom or reverse of the colony is produced.
  • PDA potato dextrose agar
  • Difco Difco
  • the present invention also embraces mutants of the above described microorganism.
  • mutants which are obtained by natural selection or those produced by mutating agents including ionizing radiation such as ultraviolet irradiation, or chemical mutagens such as nitrosoguanidine or the like treatments are also included within the ambit of this invention.
  • This description is also desired and intended to include inter- and intraspecific genetic recombinants produced by genetic techniques well known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, conjugation, transultion and genetic engineering techniques.
  • Penicillium sp. UC 7780 may be cultivated under aerobic condition in the same manner as commonly employed in the art for cultivation of a known strain of the genus Penicillium.
  • medium components may be employed any of the well-known nutrient materials for Penicillium.
  • glucose, glycerol, maltose, dextrin, starch, lactose, sucrose, molasses, soybean oil, cotton seed oil, etc. preferably glucose and glycerol may be employed and, as an assimilable nitrogen source, soybean meal, peanut meal, cotton seed meal, fish meal, corn steep liquor, peptone, rice, bran, meat extract, yeast, yeast extract, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, etc. may be used.
  • inorganic salts as sodium chloride, phosphates, calcium carbonate, etc. may be added to a culture medium.
  • a minor amount of a metal salt may also be added, if necessary.
  • a minor amount of a heavy metal may be added, if necessary.
  • Penicillium sp. (NRRL 18887) under aerobic condition
  • ordinary aerobic cultivation methods such as, for example, solid culture, culture under aeration and agitation, shaken culture etc. may be favorably utilized.
  • Trace metals for example, zinc, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, iron and the like should be be added to the fermentation medium since reverse-osmosis grade water must be supplemented.
  • an anti-foaming agent e.g., silicon oil, vegetable oils, surfactants, etc. may be suitably employed.
  • the pH of the medium may be usually within a pH range of 3-9 and preferably within or around neutral range and cultivation temperatures may be usually of 20°-30°C, in particular about 21°C being preferred.
  • Cultivation may be continued until Marcfortine A will be substantially accumulated in a culture medium, usually for 20 hours to 240 hours, preferably for 48 hours to 168 hours and, after cultivation, Marcfortine A may be isolated and recovered from a cultured broth by a suitable combination of various method. For example, there may be extraction with an organic solvent, e.g. ether, ethyl acetate or chloroform; dissolution into a more polar solvent, e.g.
  • an organic solvent e.g. ether, ethyl acetate or chloroform
  • dissolution into a more polar solvent e.g.
  • Marcfortine B can be prepared from Marcfortine A by biotransfo ⁇ nation using a microorgainism in an aqueous nutrient medium containing an assimilable source of carbon and an assimilable source of nitrogen under aerobic conditions.
  • the present invention also provides:
  • Biologically pure cultures of the (Organisms obtained from culture collection as obviously discovered entities) genus Cunninghamella characterized as species selected from the group consisting of NRRL 1368, 1393 or 3655 and ATCC 8688a.
  • biotransfo ⁇ nation is meant the use of microorganisms and/or isolated, partially purified enzymes for the converstion of a given substrate into a useful product.
  • metabolism By “metabolizing” is meant carrying out the processes of metabolism. A definition of metabolism may be found in A.L. Lehninger, “Principles of Biochemistry", Worth Publ., New York, 1982, p. 333.
  • Marcfortine B is produced by adding Marcfortine A to growing cultures of cited microorganisms.
  • the genus Cunninghamella is preferred for effecting this transformation, including Cunninghamella echinulata subsp. elegans (-) NRRL 1368, Cunninghamella blakesleeana (+) ATCC 8688a Cunninghamella echinulata subsp. elegans NRRL 1393, Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL 3655; the strain NRRL 3655 is particularly preferred.
  • a subculture of Cunninghamella echinulata subsp. elegans (-) was deposited under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty in the permanent collection of the Northern Region Research Center, ARS; U.S. Dept. of Agriculture; Peoria, Illinois, USA. Its accession number is NRRL 1368.
  • a subculture of Cunninghamella echinulata subsp. elegans (-) was also deposited under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty in the permanent collection of the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, USA. Its accession number is ATCC 8688b.
  • a subculture of Cunninghamella echinulata subsp. elegans (-) was deposited under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty in the permanent collection of the Northern Region Research Center, ARS; U.S. Dept. of Agriculture; Peoria, Illinois, USA. Its accession number is NRRL 1393.
  • a subculture of Cunninghamella echinulata subsp. elegans (-) was also deposited under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty in the permanent collection of the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, USA. Its accession number is ATCC 10028b.
  • a subculture of Cunninghamella echinulata was deposited under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty in the permanent collection of the Northern Region Research Center, ARS; U.S. Dept. of Agriculture; Peoria, Illinois, USA. Its accession number is NRRL 3655.
  • elegans (-) NRRL 1393 or Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL 3655 is fermented in an aqueous nutrient medium under submerged aerobic conditions in the presence of Marcfortine A.
  • the microorganism is fermented in a nutrient medium containing a carbon source and a proteinaceous material.
  • Preferred carbon sources include glucose, brown sugar, sucrose, glycerol, starch, comstarch, lactose, dextrin, molasses, and the like.
  • Preferred nitrogen sources include cottonseed flour, corn steep liquor, yeast, autolyzed brewer's yeast with milk solids, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, cornmeal, milk solids, pancreatic digest of casein, distillers' solids, animal peptone liquors, meat and bone scraps, and the like. Combinations of these carbon and nitrogen sources can be used advantageously.
  • Trace metals for example, zinc, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, iron and the like need not be added to the fermentation medium since tap water and unpurified ingredients are used as medium components.
  • Production of Marcfortine B can be induced at any temperature conducive to satisfactory growth of the microorganism between about 23° and 32° C and preferably at about 28°C.
  • optimum production of Marcfortine B is obtained in about 1 to 4 days after addition of Marcfortine A to the growing culture, and preferably in about 2 days.
  • the fermentation broth normally remains weakly acid to basic (pH 5.8 - 9.0) during the fermentation.
  • the final pH is dependent, in part, on the buffers present, if any, and in part, on the initial pH of the culture medium. It is advantageously adjusted to about pH 6.5-7.5, and preferably 7.2, prior to sterilization.
  • the vegetative form, rather than the spore form, of the microorganism for inoculation to avoid a pronounced lag in the production of Marcfortine B and the attendant inefficient utilization of the equipment. Accordingly, it is desirable to produce a vegetative inoculum in an aqueous nutrient medium by inoculating this medium with an aliquot from a soil or a slant culture. When a young, active vegetative inoculum has thus been secured, it is transferred aseptically to other shake flasks or tanks.
  • the medium in which the vegetative inoculum is produced can be the same as, or different from, that utilized for the production of Marcfortine B, as long as it is such that adequate growth of the microorganism is obtained.
  • a variety of procedures can be employed to isolate and purify the Marcfortine A from the fermentation broth, for example, by chromatographic adsorption procedures followed by elution with a suitable solvent, column chromatography, partition chromatography, and crystallization from solvents and combinations thereof.
  • the Marcfortine B is extracted from the whole beer.
  • Column chromatography techniques preferably over silica gel, are used to perform the initial purification.
  • Final purification of marcfortine B is achieved by chromatography and
  • Procedure A further illustrates the biotransformation process of the subject invention.
  • the instant compounds of this invention are unexpectedly potent antiparasitic agents against endo and ecto parasites, particularly helminths and arthropods, which cause numerous parasitic diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
  • Parasitic diseases may be caused by either endoparasites or ectoparasites.
  • Endoparasites are those parasites which live inside the body of the host, either within an organ (such as the stomach, lungs, heart, intestines, etc.) or simply under the skin.
  • Ectoparasites are those parasites which live on the outer surface of the host but still draw nutrients from the host.
  • helminthiasis The endoparasitic diseases generally referred to as helminthiasis are due to infection of the host with parasitic worms known as helminths. Helminthiasis is a prevalent and serious worldwide economic problem due to infection of domesticated animals such as swine, sheep, horses, cattle, goats, dogs, cats, and poultry. Many of these infections are caused by the group of worms described as nematodes which cause diseases in various species of animals throughout the world. These diseases are frequently serious and can result in the death of the infected animal.
  • the most common genera of nematodes infecting the animals referred to above are Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Nematodirus, Cooperia, Ascaris, Bunostomum, Oesophagostomum, Chabertia, Trichuris, Strongylus, Trichonema, Dictyocaulus, Capillaria, Heteralds, Toxocara, Ascaridia, Oxyuris, Ancylostoma, Uncinaria, Toxascaris, and Parascaris. Many parasites are species specific (infect only one host) and most also have a preferred site of infection within the animal.
  • Haemonchus and Ostertagia primarily infect the stomach while Nematodirus and Cooperia mostly attack the intestines.
  • Other parasites prefer to reside in the heart, eyes, lungs, blood vessels, and the like while still others are subcutaneous parasites.
  • Helminthiasis can lead to weakness, weight loss, anemia, intestinal damage, malnutrition, and damage to other organs. If left untreated these diseases can result in the death of the animal.
  • Infections by ectoparasitic arthropods such as ticks, mites, lice, stable flies, hornflies, blowflies, fleas, and the like are also a serious problem. Infection by these parasites results in loss of blood, skin lesions, and can interfere with normal eating habits thus causing weight loss. These infections can also result in transmission of serious diseases such as encephalitis, anaplasmosis, swine pox, and the like which can be fatal.
  • Animals may be infected by several species of parasite at the same time since infection by one parasite may weaken the animal and make it more susceptible to infection by a second species of parasite.
  • a compound with a broad spectrum of activity is particularly advantageous in the treatment of these diseases.
  • the compounds of this invention have unexpectedly high activity against these parasites, and in addition, are also active against Dirofllaria in dogs, Nematospiroides and Syphacia in rodents, biting insects and migrating dipterous larvae such as Hypoderma sp. in cattle, and Gastrophilus in horses.
  • the instant compounds are also useful against endo and ecto parasites which cause parasitic diseases in humans.
  • endoparasites which infect man include gastro intestinal parasites of the genera Ancylostoma, Necator, Ascaris, Strongyloides, Trichinella,
  • Other endoparasites which infect man are found in the blood or in other organs. Examples of such parasites are the filarial worms Wucheria, Brugia, Onchocerca, and the like as well as extra intestinal stages of the intestinal worms Strongylides and Trichinella.
  • Ectoparasites which parasitize man include arthropods such as ticks, fleas, mites, lice, and the like and, as with domestic animals, infections by these parasites can result in transmission of serious and even fatal diseases.
  • the instant compounds are active against these endo and ecto parasites and in addition are also active against biting insects and other dipterous pests which annoy humans.
  • the instant compounds when administered orally or parenterally are administered at a dosage rate of from 0.05 to 20 mg/kg of animal body weight.
  • the instant compounds are also useful against common household pests such as Blatella sp. (cockroach), Tineola sp. (clothes moth), Attagenus sp. (carpet beetle), Musca domestica (housefly) and against Solenopsis Invicta (imported fire ant).
  • the compounds are furthermore useful against agricultural pests such as aphids
  • insects which attack stored grains such as Tribolium sp. and against immature stages of insects living on plant tissue.
  • the compounds are also useful as a nematocide for the control of soil nematodes which may be agriculturally important.
  • the instant compounds may be administered internally either orally or by injection, or topically as a liquid drench or as a shampoo.
  • the compounds may be administered in capsule, tablet, or drench bolus form or alternatively they can be mixed in the animals feed.
  • the capsules, tablets, and drenches boluses are comprised of the active ingredient in combination with an appropriate carrier vehicle such as starch, talc, magnesium stearate, or di-calcium phosphate.
  • suitable carrier vehicle such as starch, talc, magnesium stearate, or di-calcium phosphate.
  • suitable carrier vehicle such as starch, talc, magnesium stearate, or di-calcium phosphate.
  • suitable finelypowdered inert ingredients including diluents, fillers, disintegrating agents, suspending agents, and/or binders such that a uniform mixture solution or suspension is obtained.
  • An inert ingredient is one that will not react with the instant compounds and which is non toxic to the animal being treated.
  • Suitable inert ingredients include starch, lactose, talc, magnesium stearate, vegetable gums and oils, and the like. These formulations may contain a widely variable amount of the active and inactive ingredients depending on numerous factors such as the size and type of the animal species to be treated and the type and severity of the infection.
  • the active ingredient may also be administered as an additive to the feed by simply mixing the com-pound with the feedstuff or by applying the compound to the surface of the feed.
  • the active ingredient may be mixed with an inert carrier and the resulting composition may then either be mixed with the feed or fed directly to the animal.
  • suitable inert carriers include com meal, citrus meal, fermentation residues, soya grits, dried grains and the like.
  • the active ingredients are intimately mixed with these inert carriers by grinding, stirring, milling, or tumbling such that the final composition contains from 0.001 to 5.0% by weight of the active ingredient
  • the compounds may alternatively be administered parenterally via injection of a formulation consisting of the active ingredient dissolved in an inert liquid carrier.
  • Injection may be either intramuscular, intraruminal, intratracheal, or subcutaneous.
  • the injectable formulation consists of the active ingredient mixed with an appropriate inert liquid carrier.
  • Acceptable liquid carriers include the vegetable oils such as peanut oil, cotton seed oil, sesame oil and the like as well as organic solvents such as solketal, glycerol formal and the like.
  • aqueous parenteral formulations may also be used.
  • the vegetable oils are the preferred liquid carriers.
  • the formulations are prepared by dissolving or suspending the active ingredient in the liquid carrier such that the final formulation contains from 0.005 to 20% by weight of the active ingredient.
  • Topical application of the instant compounds is possible through the use of a liquid drench or a shampoo containing the instant compounds as an aqueous solution or suspension.
  • These formulations generally contain a suspending agent such as bentonite and normally will also contain an antifoaming agent.
  • Formulations containing from 0.005 to 20% by weight of the active ingredient are acceptable.
  • Preferred formulations are those containing from 0.5 to 5% by weight of the instant compounds.
  • the instant compounds are primarily useful as antiparasitic agents for the treatment and/or prevention of helminthiasis in domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, horses, dogs, cats, goats, swine, and poultry. They are also useful in the prevention and treatment of parasitic infections of these animals by ectoparasites such as ticks, mites, lice, fleas and the like. They are also effective in the treatment of parasitic infections of humans. In treating such infections the compounds of this invention may be used individually or in combination with each other or with other unrelated antiparasitic agents. The dosage of the instant compounds required for best results depends on several factors such as the species and size of the animal, the type and severity of the infection, the method of administration and the compound used.
  • a single dose of one of the instant compounds normally gives excellent control however repeat doses may be given to combat re-infection or for parasite species which are unusually persistent.
  • the techniques for administering these compounds to animals are known to those skilled in the veterinary field.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be used to combat agricultural pests which attack crops either in the field or in storage.
  • the compounds are applied for such uses as sprays, dusts, emulsions and the like either to the growing plants or the harvested crops.
  • the techniques for applying these compounds in this manner are known to those skilled in the agricultural arts.
  • Seed fermentations are inoculated using agar plugs of isolate Penicillium sp. UC 7780 (NRRL 18887) stored over liquid nitrogen. Three plugs are thawed and used as inoculum.
  • GS-7 is composed of glucose and cottonseed flour (sold under the trademark "Pharmamedia” by Traders Protein, Procter & Gamble Oilseed Products Co., Memphis, TN, U.S.A.).
  • Unsupplemented tap water is used to hydrate the medium components and the medium is adjusted to pH 7.2 with NH 4 OH.
  • the medium is dispensed into unbaffled closed-system flasks at 300 ml pper 1000 ml flask, and sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C for 30 minutes.
  • Each closed-system flask containing 300 ml of GS-7 medium is inoculated with three agar plugs of Penicillium sp. UC 7780 (NRRL 18887) and shaken on a rotary shaker at 250 rpm for 36 hr at 22°C.
  • the mature seed cultures are used as inoculum for the secondary medium at a 0.3% seed rate.
  • the secondary medium is composed of glucose monohydrate (sold as under the trademaik Cerelose by C.P.C. International) 25 g, cottonseed flour (sold under the trademaik
  • Medium components sufficient for 200 liters of secondary seed medium are hydrated in reverse-osmosis grade water to a q.s. volume of 190 liters in a 250-L fermentor. After formulation, the pH of the medium is adjusted to pH 7.2 with NH 4 OH, and then the medium is sterilized at 121°C for 30 minutes. Two closed-system flasks of the mature primary-seed culture are used as inoculum at a 0.3% seed rate. The secondary seed culture is incubated at at 22°C, with 125 slm aeration, 5 psig backpressure, and 250 rpm for 36 hours.
  • the production medium is composed of beet molasses 50 g, fish meal (sold under the trademark Menhaden Select Fish Meal) 16 g, yeast extract (sold under the trademark Fidco) 10 g, MgCl 2 -6H 2 O 329.8 mg, MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O 11.4 mg, FeSO 4 -7H 2 O 3.29 mg, Na 2 MoO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O 1.8 mg, CaCI 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O 367.6 mg, NaCl 84.2 mg, KC1 5.8 mg, ZnS0 4 -7H 2 0 0.1 mg, CoCl 2 *6H 2 0 0.1 mg, CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O 3.1 mg, and silicone antifoam (sold under the trademark SAG-471 Antifoam) 0.5 ml per liter of reverse-osmosis grade water.
  • yeast extract sold under the trademark Fidco
  • Medium components sufficient for 5,000 liters of medium are hydrated in reverseosmosis grade water to a q.s. volume of 4,700 liters in a 5,000 L fermentor. After formulation, the pH of the medium is adjusted to pH 7.0 with KOH, and then the medium is sterilized at 123°C for 30 minutes. The mature secondary-seed culture is used as inoculum at a 1.0% seed rate. The culture is incubated at 22°C, with 2,500 slm aeration, 5 psig backpressure, and 250 rpm for 96 hours.
  • the 4900 L fermentation volume is harvested by passing through a high shear mixer to the harvest vessel. Following transfer, 4% wt./v. of diatomaceous earth and 1/2 volume of methylene chloride are added. The harvest solution is then filtered using a filter press. The filter cake is washed 2 times with a 10% volume of methylene chloride.
  • the filtrate obtained is decanted to remove the water (aqueous) phase.
  • the remaining product-rich methylene chloride phase is then concentrated to a volume of 44 L.
  • the concentrate is then polished using a 20% concentrate volume ( 9 L)of methylene chloride and diatomaceous earth over a filter.
  • the 53 L polished concentrate is further purified to separate Marcfortine A from other components by silica gel chromatography and crystallization.
  • the polished concentrate is divided into four approximately equal aliquots. Each aliquot is chromatographed over a newly packed 9" diameter column prepared from 25 Kg of dry silica gel (bed volume 59 L). The loaded columns are eluted with 120 L of 10% acetone in methylene chloride, 120 L of 20% acetone in methylene chloride, 120 L of 30% acetone in methylene chloride, 160 L of 40% acetone in methylene chloride, and 130 L of acetone collecting the 30 and 40% eluates as 20 L fractions.
  • Eluates are monitored by TLC, using for example a solvent system comprised of 6% isopropanol and 0.3% ammoniumn hydroxide in methylene chloride to develop Whatman LK6DF silica gel plates.
  • Fractions of Marcfortine A containing a small amount of Marcfortine D which co-chromatographs with D
  • Appropriate fractions 40-100 L are concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of approximately 5 L.
  • the solution ( or light slurry) is then transferred to a rotatory evaporater and concentration continued under reduced pressure.
  • Several 1 L portions of acetone are added during the course of the concentration until the methylene chloride is completely displaced.
  • the resulting acetone slurry (approximately 1 L volume) is refrigerated overnight, and the crystals of Marcfortine A are collected and washed with several small portions of cold acetone, and dried under vacuum. Such crystals may be contaminated with several percent of Marcfortine D. Repeated recrystallization from methylene chloride/acetone (displacing methylene chloride as described) affords pure Marcfortine A.
  • Seed fermentations are inoculated using agar plugs of isolate Penicillium sp. UC 7780
  • GS-7 is composed of glucose and cottonseed flour (sold under the trademaik "Pharmamedia” by Traders Protein, Procter & Gamble Oilseed Products Co., Memphis, TN, U.S.A.) each added at a concentration of 25 g/L of tap water. After formulation, the pH of GS-7 is adjusted to 7.2 using NH 4 OH. The medium is autoclaved in 100 ml volumes in 500 ml unbaffled fermentation flasks for 30 min. Sterile GS-7 is inoculated as described above and shaken at 250 rpm for 35-58 hr at 23°C.
  • the mature seed cultures are used as inoculum for the production medium at a 1 % seed rate.
  • the production medium is composed of glucose 45 g, enzymatically digested casein (sold under the trademark Peptonized Milk Nutrient by Sheffield Products, Norwich, N.Y., U.S.A.) 25 g, yeast extract (sold under the trademark BACTO Yeast Extract Code: 0127 by Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Ml) 2.5 g per liter of tap water.
  • the pH of the production medium is adjusted to 7.0 using potassium hydroxide. This medium is then autoclaved for 30 min in 100 ml volumes contained in 500 ml baffled fermentation flasks. Sterile production medium is inoculated as described above, and shaken for 7-14 days at 250 rpm at 21°C.
  • the mature seed cultures are used as inoculum for the sterile production medium at a 0.5% seed rate.
  • the production medium is described above. After pH adjustment to 7.0 using KOH, 10 L of this medium are autoclaved for 90 min in 12 L Labraferm tanks (New Brunswick Scientific Co., Inc.). The tanks are inoculated at a 0.5% seed rate and stirred at 500 rpm at 20°C for 5-9 days. The air flow rate is maintained between 10-15 L/min.
  • Whole fermentation broth (35 1) is macerated at low speed in a large commercial Waring Blender and then blended with an equal volume of methylene chloride. The mixture is stored overnight under refrigeration and then subjected to centrifugation to break the emulsion. The resulting clear methylene chloride layer is drawn off and evaporated under reduced pressure. A concentrated solution of the residue (37.4 g) in methylene chloride is applied to a column of silica gel (1Kg) slurry packed in methylene chloride. The column is eluted with increasing concentrations of acetone in methylene chloride (10 %, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% acetone). Fractions are monitored by TLC and appropriate fractions evaporated and crystallized from acetone to give Marcfortine A and Marcfortine C.
  • Seed fermentations are inoculated using agar plugs of isolate Penicillium sp. UC 7780
  • GS-7 is composed of glucose and cottonseed flour (sold under the trademark "Pharmamedia” by Traders Protein, Procter & Gamble Oilseed Products Co., Memphis, TN, U.S.A.) each added at a concentration of 25 g/L of tap water. After formulation, the pH of GS-7 is adjusted to 7.2 using NH 4 OH. The medium is autoclaved in 100 ml volumes in 500 ml unbaffled fermentation flasks for 30 min. Sterile GS-7 is inoculated as described above and shaken at 250 rpm for 35-58 hr at 23°C.
  • the mature seed cultures are used as inoculum for the production medium at a 1% seed rate.
  • the production medium is composed of glucose 20 g, glycerol 15 ml, cottonseed flour (sold under the trademark "Pharmamedia” by Traders Protein, Procter & Gamble Oilseed Products Co., Memphis, TN, U.S.A.) 20 g, soybean meal 10 g, and K 2 HPO 4 3 g per liter of tap water.
  • the pH of the production medium is adjusted to 6.8 using potassium hydroxide.
  • This medium is then autoclaved for 30 min in 100 ml volumes contained in 500 ml baffled fermentation flasks. Sterile production medium is inoculated as described above, and shaken for 7-14 days at 250 rpm at 21°C.
  • the mature seed cultures are used as inoculum for the sterile production medium at a 0.5% seed rate.
  • the production medium is described above. After pH adjustment to 7.0 using KOH, 10 L of this medium are autoclaved for 90 min in 12 L Labraferm tanks (New Brunswick Scientific Co., Inc.). The tanks are inoculated at a 0.5% seed rate and stirred at 500 rpm at 20°C for 5-9 days. The air flow rate is maintained between 10-15 L/min.
  • Whole fermentation broth (35 1) is macerated at low speed in a large commercial Waring Blender and then blended with an equal volume of methylene chloride. The mixture is stored overnight under refrigeration and then subjected to centiifugation to break the emulsion. The resulting clear methylene chloride layer is drawn off and evaporated under reduced pressure. A concentrated solution of the residue (37.4 g) in methylene chloride is applied to a column of silica gel (1Kg) slurry packed in methylene chloride. The column is eluted with increasing concentrations of acetone in methylene chloride (10 %, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% acetone). Fractions are monitored by TLC and appropriate fractions evaporated and crystallized from acetone to give Marcfortine A and Marcfortine C.
  • a solution of bromine in chloroform (0.6 ml of 0.12M solution, 0.072 mmol) is added dropwise to a cold (ice bath) solution of 18-thiomarcfortine B (28 mg, 0.06 mmol) in 2 ml of chloroform.
  • the resulting yellow solution is stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes then at 0 C for 20 minutes then evaporated under a stream of nitrogen.
  • the yellow solid residue is dissolved in 2 ml of methanol then l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU, 0.015 ml, 0.10 mmol) is added. The, solution is stirred at room temperature for 90 minutes then evaporated under vacuum.
  • This in vivo assay utilizes jirds infected with two important target parasites of ruminants. H. contortus and T. colubriformis (anthelmintic-sensitive or -resistant worms can be used).
  • Potassium hydride (50 mg of a 25% oil dispersion) is added to a solution of marcfortine A (15 mg, 0.030 mmol) in 1 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran. The solution is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours then pyrrolidinylcarbonyl chloride (40 mg, 0.30 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 18 hours then partitioned between 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (1 ml) and methylene chloride (1 ml). The layers are separated and the aqueous layer extracted with methylene chloride (2 ml). The combined extracts are dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated under vacuum.
  • Frozen agar plugs of NRRL 1368 or 1.393, ATCC 8688a or preferably NRRL 3655 (stored over liquid nitrogen “LN 2 ”) are aseptically translened into a 100 ml vol of GS-7 (sterile) medium contained in a 500 ml large mouth shake flask.
  • GS-7 is composed of Cerclose and Pharmamedia, each added at 25 g/1 of tap water.
  • the pH of the medium is adjusted to pH 7.2 using ammonium hydroxide.
  • the medium is sterilized by autoclaving for 30 min.
  • Inoculated GS-7 is shaken at 125 to 300 (preferably 250 ipm) at 21°-30°C, preferably about 28° C, for 24-72 hrs (preferably about 48-72 hours). This fermentation is used to inoculate the
  • biotransformation process at about 1 to about 5% rate (preferably about. 5% rate).
  • GS-7 100 ml vols of GS-7 contained in 500 ml large mouth fermentation flasks are inoculated with the 48-72 hr seed fermentation at about 1 to about 5% rate (preferably about 5% rate).
  • the inoculated GS-7 is shaken at about 250 rpm at 28°C for 24-48 Hrs. At this time
  • marefbrtinc B may be crystallized from methylene chloride/acetone.
  • a methylene diloride solution of marclbnine B is concentrated under partial vacuum on a rotatory evaporator. The concentrate is diluted with portions of acetone during the concentration until a slurry of marcfortine B in acetone remains.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des dérivés 18-thiomarcfortine de certains produits naturels, notamment la marcfortine A, B et C, le thioparaherquamide C-18 ainsi que ses dérivés, de nouvelles N-1 marcfortines A, B et C et leurs dérivés et de nouveaux N-1 pharaherquamides et leurs dérivés, ces composés pouvant être utilisés dans le traitement et la prévention d'infections helminthiques et par des arthropodes chez des animaux et dans des plantes. Les dérivés synthétiques répondent à la formule (I).
PCT/US1992/009483 1991-11-22 1992-11-13 Derives de marcfortine/ paraherquamide utilises comme agents antiparasitaires WO1993010120A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU94026904A RU2107687C1 (ru) 1991-11-22 1992-11-13 Производные маркфортин/парагерквамида, способ подавления вредителей растений, насекомых или нематод штамм гриба
EP92925072A EP0613479A1 (fr) 1991-11-22 1992-11-13 Derives de marcfortine/ paraherquamide utilises comme agents antiparasitaires
AU31264/93A AU681998B2 (en) 1991-11-22 1992-11-13 Marcfortine/paraherquamide derivatives useful as antiparasitic agents
US08/256,111 US5776936A (en) 1992-11-13 1992-11-13 Marcfortine/paraherquamide derivatives useful as antiparasitic agents
JP5509308A JPH07501693A (ja) 1991-11-22 1992-11-13 抗寄生虫病剤として有用なマークフォルティン／パラハークアミド誘導体

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79545791A 1991-11-22 1991-11-22
US79773691A 1991-11-22 1991-11-22
US79694891A 1991-11-22 1991-11-22
US79590091A 1991-11-22 1991-11-22
US797,736 1991-11-22
US795,900 1991-11-22
US795,457 1991-11-22
US796,948 1991-11-22

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994029319A1 (fr) * 1993-06-16 1994-12-22 The Upjohn Company Marcfortines a substitution en position 14 et derives utiles comme agents anti-parasitaires
WO1998021211A1 (fr) * 1996-11-15 1998-05-22 Pharmacia & Upjohn Company Marcfortines et paraherquamides substitues en position 1 et 2 utilises comme antiparasitaires
US5756758A (en) * 1993-06-11 1998-05-26 Gesellschaft Fur Biotechnologische Forschung Mbh Igbf) Peptide intermediates

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0354615A1 (fr) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-14 Merck & Co. Inc. Dérivés synthétiques de paraherquamide
US4923867A (en) * 1988-08-24 1990-05-08 Merck & Co., Inc. Synthetic marcfortine derivatives useful as antiparasitic agents

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0354615A1 (fr) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-14 Merck & Co. Inc. Dérivés synthétiques de paraherquamide
US4923867A (en) * 1988-08-24 1990-05-08 Merck & Co., Inc. Synthetic marcfortine derivatives useful as antiparasitic agents

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. vol. 54, no. 11, 26 May 1989, EASTON US pages 2657 - 2663 T. A. BLIZZARD ET AL. 'Chemical modification of paraherquamide. 1. Unusual reactions and absolute stereochemistry' *
TETRAHEDRON LETTERS. vol. 22, no. 21, 1981, OXFORD GB pages 1977 - 1980 T. PRANGÉ ET AL. 'Structures of marcfortine B and C ( X-ray analysis ), alkaloids from Penicillium Roqueforti' cited in the application *
TETRAHEDRON LETTERS. vol. 32, no. 22, 1991, OXFORD GB pages 2441 - 2444 T. A. BLIZZARD ET AL. 'Chemical modification of paraherquamide. 4. 1-N-Substituted analogs' *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5756758A (en) * 1993-06-11 1998-05-26 Gesellschaft Fur Biotechnologische Forschung Mbh Igbf) Peptide intermediates
WO1994029319A1 (fr) * 1993-06-16 1994-12-22 The Upjohn Company Marcfortines a substitution en position 14 et derives utiles comme agents anti-parasitaires
AU686188B2 (en) * 1993-06-16 1998-02-05 Pharmacia & Upjohn Company 14-substituted marcfortines and derivatives useful as antiparasitic agents
CN1058266C (zh) * 1993-06-16 2000-11-08 法玛西雅厄普约翰美国公司 用作抗寄生物药的14－取代马地霉素和衍生物及应用
WO1998021211A1 (fr) * 1996-11-15 1998-05-22 Pharmacia & Upjohn Company Marcfortines et paraherquamides substitues en position 1 et 2 utilises comme antiparasitaires

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JPH07501693A (ja) 1995-02-23
AU681998B2 (en) 1997-09-18
EP0613479A1 (fr) 1994-09-07
CA2121234A1 (fr) 1993-05-27

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