WO1993006334A1 - Appareil et procede permettant de retirer les debris d'un trou de forage - Google Patents

Appareil et procede permettant de retirer les debris d'un trou de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993006334A1
WO1993006334A1 PCT/US1992/007821 US9207821W WO9306334A1 WO 1993006334 A1 WO1993006334 A1 WO 1993006334A1 US 9207821 W US9207821 W US 9207821W WO 9306334 A1 WO9306334 A1 WO 9306334A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
percussive fluid
drillhole
matter
fluid
tool
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/007821
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Leland H. Lyon
Ernest C. Hinck
Original Assignee
Ingersoll-Rand Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/766,867 external-priority patent/US5139095A/en
Priority claimed from US07/766,866 external-priority patent/US5143162A/en
Application filed by Ingersoll-Rand Company filed Critical Ingersoll-Rand Company
Priority to EP92920320A priority Critical patent/EP0605562B1/fr
Priority to AU26564/92A priority patent/AU666500B2/en
Priority to DE69217072T priority patent/DE69217072T2/de
Priority to KR1019940700983A priority patent/KR940702580A/ko
Priority to JP5506189A priority patent/JPH07502086A/ja
Publication of WO1993006334A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993006334A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/002—Down-hole drilling fluid separation systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/10—Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
    • E21B21/103—Down-hole by-pass valve arrangements, i.e. between the inside of the drill string and the annulus
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/14—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using liquids and gases, e.g. foams

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to rock drills and more particularly to pneumatically operated percussive drills of the type adapted to be inserted into the drillhole being drilled thereby and commonly known as "down-the-hole” drills or (DHD).
  • DHD down-the-hole drills
  • Many applications for down-the-hole drills require that fluids such as water and other matter be injected into the drill air supply to provide improved hole cleaning and stabilization.
  • the volume of liquids injected can range from about 2.0 gallons per minute to about 15.0 gallons per minute.
  • the decrease in penetration rate can range from 30% to 60%, depending upon the fluid injection rate and pressure.
  • the loss in hammer performance associated with fluid injection adversely affects DHD production and in many cases causes the use of DHD to be unsuitable.
  • a device for removing debris from a drillhole including a cyclonic separator positioned adjacent a top end of a percussion drilling tool for receiving a flow of a mixture of percussive fluid and other matter from a drill string axial bore.
  • the separator removes and collects substantially all of the other matter from the percussive fluid and thereafter transmits the percussive fluid through the separator to the tool, while simultaneously transmitting the collected other matter and at least some of the percussive fluid out of the separator into the drillhole annulus, for removing debris.
  • a one-way flow valve on the separator seals the separator against backflow of debris into the separator, when flow of percussive fluid ceases.
  • this is accomplished by providing a method for removing debris from a drillhole including positioning a separator adjacent a top end of a percussion drilling tool for receiving a flow of a mixture of percussive fluid and other matter from a drill string axial bore; removing and collecting substantially all of the other matter from the percussive fluid and thereafter transmitting the percussive fluid through the separator to the tool, while simultaneously transmitting the collected other matter and at least some of the percussive fluid out of the separator into the drillhole annulus, for removing debris; while also simultaneously sealing the separator against backflow of debris into the separator, when flow of percussive fluid ceases.
  • Fig. 1 is longitudinal section of a cleaning device for use with a fluid-activated, percussion, down-the-hole drill tool, suitable for use in this invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross sectional view taken along lines 2-2 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a horizontal cross sectional view taken along lines 3-3 of Fig. 1
  • Fig 4 is a longitudinal section of a one-way valve suitable for the invention, with portions removed.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph of performance showing the improved penetration rates for various water injection rates, achieved with the subject invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph of performance showing the improved percussive fluid flow rates for various water injection rates, achieved with the subject invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph of performance showing the improved penetration rates for various percussive fluid pressures, achieved with the subject invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a graph of performance showing the improved percussive fluid flow rates for various fluid pressures, achieved with the subject invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a drillhole 1, having a drillhole cleaning device suitable for use in the method of this invention, shown generally as 3, positioned therein.
  • Cleaning device 3 has a top connector 5 connected by conventional means, such as threads, to the bottom end 7 of a drill string 9.
  • a bottom connector 11 connects device 3, by conventional means, such as threads, to the back head of a down-the-hole drill 13. Equivalently, bottom connector 11 could connect to another member in a drillstring 9, rather than drill 13, so long as device 3 is within the drillhole 1 and adjacent to drill 13.
  • drill 13 is of the type known as a percussive down-the-hole drill activated by a pneumatic fluid, such as air.
  • a pneumatic fluid such as air.
  • the fluid exits the drill head and moves up the drillhole to carry out debris from drilling. Debris from drilling can include particles of strata being drilled, water seeping into the drillhole, plus other matter introduced into the drill 13 via the drillstring 9.
  • the percussive fluid may be a mixture of air, water, oil, and other matter, including solid particles.
  • percussive refers to the type of drill that utilizes a reciprocating piston to impart impact forces to a drill head to cause penetration of the strata, and does not refer to a rotary type drill that utilizes a rotary grinding action to cause penetration.
  • the term "percussive fluid” refers to the pneumatic fluid that imparts the reciprocating action to the drill piston.
  • a longitudinal casing 15 is fastened, as by welding, to top connector 5 and bottom connector 11, and defines a hollow vortex chamber 17 extending axially therebetween.
  • a first inlet 19 at top connector 5 fluidly communicates axially between drill string axial bore 21 and vortex chamber 17.
  • a first outlet 23 at bottom connector 11 fluidly communicates axially between vortex chamber 17 and backhead 13.
  • a deflector means shown generally as 25, is sealingly fastened in first inlet 19. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in horizontal cross section, inlet 19 is circular in outline, as is deflector means 25, although other shapes of outline could be used.
  • deflector means 25 further comprises a deflector plate 27 extending across first inlet 19, in a plane that is transverse to, and perpendicular to, the longitudinal axial direction of vortex chamber 17 and bore 21. This plane of deflector plate 27 is referred to herein as a "radial" plane or direction.
  • Deflector means 25 deflects flow of a mixture percussive fluid and other matter from a downward axial direction to a radial and tangential direction, as hereinafter described.
  • a hollow focus tube 29 below deflector means 25 extends axially through vortex chamber 17 and has a lower end 31 sealingly in contact with bottom connector 11, and an upper end 33 terminating adjacent deflector means 25 in a focus tube inlet 35.
  • Focus tube 29 defines a first percussive fluid passageway 37 between inner surface 39 of casing 15 and outer surface 41 of focus tube 29.
  • Focus tube 29 also defines a second percussive fluid passageway 43 within focus mbe 29 communicating axially between vortex chamber 17 and first outlet 23.
  • a baffle 45 is connected to the lower end 47 of focus tube 29 and extends annularly inwardly into first percussive fluid passageway 37 and ends spaced from inner surface 39, to cause reversal of flow of percussive fluid as described hereinafter.
  • a collection gallery 49 is formed below baffle 45 in lower end 47 of vortex chamber 17, for collecting other matter separated from the percussive fluid, as hereinafter described.
  • a collection gallery outlet 51 communicates between the drillhole bore and the inside of collection gallery 49 to permit flow of other matter collected therein, plus some of the percussive fluid out into the annulus of the borehole 1.
  • Outlet 51 can be a simple "T" shaped nipple having open passageways 53 therethrough. Although one outlet 51 is shown, a plurality of outlets, spaced circumferentially around vortex chamber 17 may be used.
  • deflector plate 27 has a cone shaped upper surface 54 extending axially upwardly within first inlet 19.
  • connector 5 has a plurality of apertures 55 therethrough.
  • Apertures 55 extend in a radial direction with respect to the axial direction of chamber 17.
  • Inlet 19, is circular in outline as viewed in horizontal cross section, and apertures 55 extend tangentially with respect to the inner surface 57 of inlet 19.
  • Apertures 55 communicate fluidly between first inlet 19 and first fluid passageway 37.
  • a single aperture 61 extends axially downwardly through plate 27 to form a passageway communicating between first inlet 19 and focus tube inlet 35 to permit at least some of the percussive fluid mixture to by-pass the deflector means, so as to permit as small amount of percussive fluid mixture to flow directly to the drill tool head for a purpose such as lubrication. It would be equivalent to provide a plurality of apertures instead of single aperture 61.
  • valve 63 Sealingly positioned in first inlet 19 is a one-way flow valve 63 adapted for permitting only downward axial flow of the percussive fluid mixture therethrough.
  • valve 63 is normally open. When flow of percussive fluid ceases, valve 63 closes.
  • the need for valve 63 is because water and other debris from the borehole annulus backflows into the collection chamber 49 via open passageways 53, when fluid flow ceases. Such backflow accumulates in chamber 17, and would rise up to the focus tube inlet 35 and thence flow into the drill tool, to cause damage to the drill when it starts operation again. This feature is important because, during periods when the operators are not working, the drill is left down in the drillhole.
  • one-way valve 63 includes a hollow tubular body 65, removably positioned on shoulder 66 in first inlet 19.
  • Annular elastic seal 67 positioned in a groove in outer surface of body 65 sealingly contacts inner surface 57 of inlet 19.
  • Body 65 is retained in place by retainer ring 69 positioned in matching groove 71, as is well known.
  • Slidably positioned within hollow body 65 is hollow valve stem 73.
  • Valve stem 73 has a truncated conical upper end 75 extending axially upwardly toward axial inlet aperture 77 in body 65.
  • Body 65 has seal seat 79 sloped downwardly therein, shaped to conform to conical upper end 75.
  • elastic seal means 81 Positioned in seat surface 79 is elastic seal means 81 for alternate sealing and unsealing against upper end 75, as described hereinafter.
  • Annular elastic spring means 83 seated against bottom flange 85 of body 65 contacts bottom end of stem 73, and urges stem 73 upwardly, so as to cause upper end 75 to sealingly contact seat surface 79 and seal 81.
  • valve 63 is normally closed to percussive fluid flow.
  • Inside stem 73 is hollow inlet chamber 87 that communicates axially with vortex chamber 17.
  • a plurality of fluid passageways 89 extend through the wall of stem 73. Passageways 89 are spaced around the perimeter of conical surface 75.
  • percussive fluid acts upon upper surface 75 to cause stem 73 to move axially downwardly and lose sealing contact with seal 81, thereby opening up a fluid passageway between axial bore 21, inlet 77 and inlet chamber 87, via passageways 89.
  • spring 83 urges stem 73 into sealing engagement with seat 79, thereby closing valve 63.
  • the elastic property of spring 83 is preferably selected so that with a residual percussive fluid pressure greater that zero, and equal to, but not greater than the pressure inside vortex chamber 17, with an inoperative drill, the valve will remain closed.
  • the mixture of percussive fluid and other matter flows axially downwardly into first inlet 19, against upper surface 54 and is deflected to a tangential and radial outward direction into vortex chamber 17, to impact tangentially against inner surface 39 of casing 15. Thereafter, the percussive fluid mixture flows downwardly and circularly, in a vortex fashion, through first percussive fluid passageway 37 of vortex chamber 17, causing separation of at least some of the other matter from the percussive fluid mixture Such separated matter flows downward along inner surface 39 of casing 15 to collection chamber 49.
  • the percussive fluid mixture strikes baffle 45, reverses its flow to an upward direction, causing separation of more of the other matter from percussive fluid mixture, and collection thereof in collection gallery 49.
  • the percussive fluid with substantially all of the other matter now removed, flows upwardly along the outer surface 41 of focus tube 29 toward focus tube inlet 35; thereafter down second fluid passageway 43, through outlet 23, into the backhead 13 of the drill tool, and thence therethrough to the drillhole bore, as is conventional.
  • the method of this invention was tested using a down-the-hole drill sold by Ingersoll-Rand Company under the product identification of DHD 380M, using an 8/58 inch diameter, cone-faced, button bit.
  • a series of test holes were drilled in a block of barre granite, using various combinations of water injection rate, percussive fluid pressure and percussive fluid flow rates, with the results as discussed hereinafter.
  • Fig. 5 shows the rate of penetration in feet per hour (FT/HR) of the drill head for various rates of water injection, in gallons per minute (GPM), with and without the method of this invention.
  • the test was performed at a fixed percussive fluid pressure of 200 pounds per square inch (PSI).
  • Curve A shows the results without following the method of this invention. As the water injection rate increases, the rate of penetration falls off very quickly.
  • Curve B shows the results with the method of this invention. With the method of this invention applied, the rate of penetration remains much higher than without the invention.
  • the rate of penetration with the invention is about 61 FPM, as compared to about 29 FPM without the invention.
  • the rates of penetration with and without the invention are about 55 FPM and 20 FPM, respectively.
  • the respective rates of penetration are about 45 FPM and 16 FPM.
  • Fig. 6 shows the percussive fluid flow rate in standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM) for various rates of water injection, in gallons per minute (GPM), with and without the method of this invention.
  • SCFM standard cubic feet per minute
  • GPM gallons per minute
  • the test was performed at a fixed percussive fluid pressure of 200 pounds per square inch (PSI).
  • PSI pounds per square inch
  • Curve A shows the results without following the method of this invention. As the water injection rate increases, the percussive fluid flow rate falls off.
  • Curve B shows the results with the method of this invention.
  • percussive fluid flow rate remains much higher at all rates of water injection than without the invention.
  • the percussive fluid flow rate with the invention is about 800 SCFM, as compared to about 500 SCFM without the invention.
  • the percussive fluid flow rates with and without the invention are about 700 SCFM and 400, respectively.
  • the respective percussive fluid flow rates are about 650 SCFM and 375 SCFM.
  • Fig. 7 shows the rate of penetration (FT/HR) for various pressures of percussive fluid in pounds per square inch (PSI), with and without the method of this invention.
  • PSI pounds per square inch
  • the rate of penetration remains much higher at all pressures of percussive fluid than without the invention.
  • the rate of penetration with the invention is about 15 FPM, as compared to about 5 FPM without the invention.
  • the rates of penetration with and without the invention are about 50 FPM and 25 FPM, respectively.
  • the rates of penetration are about 85 FPM and 45 FPM, respectively.
  • Fig. 8 shows the percussive fluid flow rate (SCFM) for various pressures of percussive fluid in pounds per square inch (PSI), with and without the method of this invention.
  • SCFM percussive fluid flow rate
  • PSI pounds per square inch
  • the percussive fluid flow rate remains much higher at all pressures of percussive fluid than without the invention.
  • the percussive fluid flow rate with the invention is about 200 SCFM, as compared to about 150 SCFM without the invention.
  • the percussive fluid flow rates are about 700 SCFM and 400 SCFM, respectively.
  • the percussive fluid flow rates are about 1200 SCFM and 800 SCFM respectively.
  • the device of this invention has caused removal of a substantial amount of the other matter from the percussive fluid mixture, including water, oil and solid particles from the drill string interior.
  • Such removal has resulted in dramatically improved penetration rate over those achieved without the removal of such other matter, while at the same time retained the benefits of debris removal due to the presence of the other matter in the bore of the drillhole.

Abstract

Dispositif (3) et procédé permettant de retirer les débris d'un trou de forage (1), et consistant à placer un séparateur dans une position adjacente à une tête de forage à percussion du type 'au fond du trou', afin d'enlever l'eau et autres matériaux du fluide de percussion avant qu'ils n'entrent dans la tête de forage. L'eau et le autres matériaux sont éjectés dans le trou de forage afin de retirer les débris, et on empêche le retour des débris et d'eau dans le séparateur et la tête de forage pendant les périodes d'interruption de l'écoulement de fluide de percussion.
PCT/US1992/007821 1991-09-27 1992-09-16 Appareil et procede permettant de retirer les debris d'un trou de forage WO1993006334A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92920320A EP0605562B1 (fr) 1991-09-27 1992-09-16 Appareil et procede permettant de retirer les debris d'un trou de forage
AU26564/92A AU666500B2 (en) 1991-09-27 1992-09-16 Apparatus and method for removing drillhole debris
DE69217072T DE69217072T2 (de) 1991-09-27 1992-09-16 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum entfernen von bohrlochabfall
KR1019940700983A KR940702580A (ko) 1991-09-27 1992-09-16 드릴 구멍의 부스러기 제거 장치 및 방법(Apparatus and method for removing drillhole debris)
JP5506189A JPH07502086A (ja) 1991-09-27 1992-09-16 ドリルホールの岩石くずを取除く装置と方法

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US766,866 1991-09-27
US07/766,867 US5139095A (en) 1991-09-27 1991-09-27 Method for removing debris from a drillhole
US07/766,866 US5143162A (en) 1991-09-27 1991-09-27 Device for removing debris from a drillhole
US766,867 1991-09-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993006334A1 true WO1993006334A1 (fr) 1993-04-01

Family

ID=27117808

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1992/007821 WO1993006334A1 (fr) 1991-09-27 1992-09-16 Appareil et procede permettant de retirer les debris d'un trou de forage

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0605562B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07502086A (fr)
KR (1) KR940702580A (fr)
CN (1) CN1029700C (fr)
AU (1) AU666500B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2119249A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69217072T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993006334A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997023707A1 (fr) * 1995-12-21 1997-07-03 Ingersoll-Rand Company Separateur d'eau pour marteau-perforateur au fond du trou
WO2010017367A3 (fr) * 2008-08-06 2010-09-30 Atlas Copco Secoroc Llc Foreuse rotative à percussion et procédé de fonctionnement de celle-ci

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8011455B2 (en) * 2009-02-11 2011-09-06 Atlas Copco Secoroc Llc Down hole hammer having elevated exhaust
CN102049386B (zh) * 2009-11-04 2014-01-29 中粮集团有限公司 一种用于从物料中清除杂物的装置
CN112922531B (zh) * 2021-02-24 2022-06-24 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 具有反向冲洗功能的防回流式定向钻头及其施工方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2293259A (en) * 1941-03-25 1942-08-18 Acme Fishing Tool Company Device for preventing clogging of drilling bits
US2609182A (en) * 1946-11-23 1952-09-02 Arutunoff Armais Apparatus for drilling deep wells
US4333537A (en) * 1978-11-24 1982-06-08 Harris Jesse W Impact drilling tool having improved valving
US4688650A (en) * 1985-11-25 1987-08-25 Petroleum Instrumentation & Technological Services Static separator sub
US4694911A (en) * 1984-07-13 1987-09-22 Kennedy James D Drilling assembly for percussion drilling of deep wells

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2293259A (en) * 1941-03-25 1942-08-18 Acme Fishing Tool Company Device for preventing clogging of drilling bits
US2609182A (en) * 1946-11-23 1952-09-02 Arutunoff Armais Apparatus for drilling deep wells
US4333537A (en) * 1978-11-24 1982-06-08 Harris Jesse W Impact drilling tool having improved valving
US4694911A (en) * 1984-07-13 1987-09-22 Kennedy James D Drilling assembly for percussion drilling of deep wells
US4688650A (en) * 1985-11-25 1987-08-25 Petroleum Instrumentation & Technological Services Static separator sub

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997023707A1 (fr) * 1995-12-21 1997-07-03 Ingersoll-Rand Company Separateur d'eau pour marteau-perforateur au fond du trou
AU702600B2 (en) * 1995-12-21 1999-02-25 Atlas Copco Secoroc Llc Water separator for a down hole drill
WO2010017367A3 (fr) * 2008-08-06 2010-09-30 Atlas Copco Secoroc Llc Foreuse rotative à percussion et procédé de fonctionnement de celle-ci
CN102016217A (zh) * 2008-08-06 2011-04-13 阿特拉斯科普柯塞科罗克有限责任公司 冲击辅助旋转式泥土钻头及其操作方法
US8353369B2 (en) 2008-08-06 2013-01-15 Atlas Copco Secoroc, LLC Percussion assisted rotary earth bit and method of operating the same
US8627903B2 (en) * 2008-08-06 2014-01-14 Atlas Copco Secoroc, LLC Percussion assisted rotary earth bit and method of operating the same
EA019105B1 (ru) * 2008-08-06 2014-01-30 Атлас Копко Секорок Ллк Долото ударного действия для роторного бурения грунта и способ его работы
AU2009279628B2 (en) * 2008-08-06 2015-11-12 Epiroc Drilling Tools Llc Percussion assisted rotary earth bit and method of operating the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0605562A1 (fr) 1994-07-13
AU666500B2 (en) 1996-02-15
CN1029700C (zh) 1995-09-06
EP0605562B1 (fr) 1997-01-22
CN1072988A (zh) 1993-06-09
DE69217072T2 (de) 1997-06-12
AU2656492A (en) 1993-04-27
KR940702580A (ko) 1994-08-20
DE69217072D1 (de) 1997-03-06
JPH07502086A (ja) 1995-03-02
CA2119249A1 (fr) 1993-04-01

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