WO1993003350A1

WO1993003350A1 - Optical components for optically scanning the surface of an object whose surface is capable of reflecting, scattering or refracting light

Info

Publication number: WO1993003350A1
Application number: PCT/DE1991/000618
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gebhard Birkle
Original assignee: Birkle Sensor Gmbh + Co.
Priority date: 1991-08-01
Filing date: 1991-08-01
Publication date: 1993-02-18

Abstract

Optical components for scanning the surface of an object (15, 28) have a first reflecting body (9, 20, 51) provided with an opening (10, 21, 52) through which an object (15, 28) is moved while being exposed to the light from a light source by means of the reflecting body. The reflecting body has a ring-shaped reflecting surface (11, 31) that deflects the light (16, 16', 29, 29') onto the object around its circumference and vice-versa radially to the main axis (14, 22) of the reflecting or refracting body. A second optical body (1, 19, 50) with planar reflecting surfaces (2, 2', 5', 6', 7', 8', 23, 23', 24, 24', 25, 25') located in the direction of the main axis of the first reflecting body also has an opening (4, 21, 52) through which the object can be moved located above the opening of the first reflecting body, as well as an opto-electronic sensor (13, 27) and an electrical evaluating device. Two reflecting surfaces of the second body (1, 19, 50, 54) are designed as wedge-shaped surfaces (2, 2', 23, 23') inclined towards each other and opto-symmetrically arranged with respect to the reflecting surface (11, 31, 57) of the first body (9, 20, 51). The opening (4, 21, 52, 55) in the second body symmetrically crosses both wedge-shaped surfaces, so that the bundle or rays is decomposed into two partial bundles of rays (16, 16', 29, 29') that fall each on one of the wedge-shaped surfaces, opposite to which are arranged further reflecting or refracting surfaces (5', 6', 7', 8', 24, 24', 25, 25'), so that the partial bundles of rays are separately deflected by the wedge-shaped surfaces onto the reflecting or refracting surfaces, are reflected back onto the same wedge-shaped surfaces in the area of the half (61') of the second body opposite the opening, then are reunited into a single bundle of rays by the wedge-shaped surfaces.

Description

i Optical components for optically scanning the surface of an object, the surface of which is capable of reflecting, scattering or breaking light

3

* Technical field: s The invention relates to optical components for optically scanning the upper

⁶ surface of an object, the surface of which reflects, scatter or closes light

^{7 is} capable of breaking, according to the preamble of claims 1 and 5.

8th

⁹ State of the art:

^* ° DE-Al-3 822 303 and WO 89/05468 a device for

¹¹ optical scanning of the surface of a movable object known

¹² , whose surface is able to reflect or scatter light

¹³ with a light source and an optical cone or bowl-shaped, inside

¹⁴ mirrored ring mirrors with a circumferential mirror surface and one to it

¹⁵ centrally arranged through opening for the passage of the object through

¹⁶ the ring mirror, being in the direction of the main axis of the ring mirror

¹⁷ whose opening angle and another through the through opening

¹⁸ mirror is located and with an opto-electronic sensor and an elec-

¹⁹ trical evaluation device, the light after reflection or scattering on

²⁰ object thrown onto the mirror surfaces of the mirrors, directed onto the sensor and

^{21 is} evaluated in the evaluation device. The light source illuminates that

²² object around its circumference in the area of the passage opening of the ring

²³ mirrored in such a way that the light reflected from the object around the circumference or ^M scattered falls simultaneously peripherally onto the mirror surface of the ring mirror.

²⁵ The second mirror has a sloping, flat mirror surface that the

²⁶ reflected or scattered light directs to the sensor, which is a complete

²⁷ circumferential band detected that a circumferential surface of the object from

²⁸ corresponds to the given width. With this device is a complete

²⁹ ring-shaped scanning optically difficult to implement, especially with long,

³⁰ objects to be scanned continuously because of the geometry

³¹ shaded areas occur on the object.

REPLACEMENT LEAF i Technical task:

² The invention is based, optical components of the above object

³ genus to develop with which the surface of any length

⁴ objects, preferably during a movement of the object, with a

⁵ problem of the circumferential scanning adapted mapping method

⁶ can be higher in order to make an optical image or an image signal

⁷ Resolution for the reproduction of a continuously moving area of a

⁸ certain predeterminable width of the circumference of the object as shown circumferential line or band.

10

¹¹ Presentation of the invention and its advantages:

¹² The solution to the problem consists in a device in which

¹³ two of the mirror surfaces of the second body as wedge surfaces at an angle

¹ 5 inclined to each other elongated and optically to the mirror surface of the first

¹⁵ body are directed symmetrically and the common edge of the wedge surfaces

^{16 runs} centrally above the passage opening of the first body and the

¹⁷ opening through the second body passes through both wedge surfaces symmetrically in »one of the halves of the second body, so that the beam of rays in

^19, two sub-beams divided on each drops one of the wedge faces, which additional ⁰ plane mirror or refracting surfaces are facing in such a way that the ¹ sub-beams separated by the wedge surfaces deflected chung surfaces ² onto the mirror or Bre- and in the same wedge surface in the area of the transit ^3-opening oppositely lying half of the second body ⁴ back thrown, and then the wedge surfaces reassemble the partial beams to a common overall ^5-ray beam and the light falls on the sensor. 6 ⁷ A further embodiment of the invention is that the second body ⁸ is a wedge-shaped mirror body having a triangular cross-section, the wedge surfaces ⁹ are formed as mirror surfaces, wherein the two wedge surfaces each to-

SPARE BLADE ^* ■ mutually oblique mirror surfaces of mirror bodies face ² and that the first mirror body is an annular mirror in the form of a toroid.

3 Both bodies can be integrally made of a transparent, ^s prismatic-cylindrical see optical article with a continuous longitudinal bore,

⁶ whose lower part is cylindrical and at the end an internal

^{7 has a} frustoconical mirror surface and the upper part prismatic

^{8 is formed} with a plurality of optically effective mirror surfaces, from

⁹ two of which form the wedge surfaces. Further embodiments of the invention are ⁰ characterized in the respective dependent claims.

1

² The optical components have the salient advantage that they

³ for scanning objects of any length, preferably with cylindrical cross sections that are translucent, transparent or opaque, but

⁵ whose surface is able to reflect or scatter light, most

^{6 are} advantageously suitable because the two wedge surfaces as mirror surfaces of the second optical body break down a light bundle which occurs from below onto the surroundings of the through opening onto the wedge surfaces into two partial ray bundles and, after deflection, put them away again from the through opening so that shadowed areas on the object are avoided. Advantageously, it is possible to illuminate the object uniformly on the circumference through the imaging system.

A further device according to the invention is characterized in that the second body is a wedge-shaped mirror body with a triangular cross section and the wedge surfaces inclined at an angle (δ) to one another are designed as mirror surfaces and are symmetrical to the mirror surface of the first body and the common edge of the wedge surfaces is centered above The passage opening of the first body runs and the passage opening through the second body passes through both wedge surfaces symmetrically, the

SPARE BLADE ¹ beam of light is directed at the first wedge surface, from there to the bottom

^{2 of} this wedge surface lying half of the mirror surface of the first body falls, directed onto the object, penetrates it and strikes the opposite half of the mirror surface of the first body, from where it is reflected on and deflected by the second wedge surface and then falls on the sensor .

In a further embodiment, the first and / or the second optical body can consist of two part bodies that can be separated from one another and the first body is an annular toroid. Furthermore, both bodies can consist in one piece of a transparent, prismatic-cylindrical, optical object with a continuous longitudinal bore, the end of which has an internal, rotationally symmetrical, frustoconical or bowl-shaped mirror surface and which is designed in the upper area with two wedge surfaces as mirror surfaces, which each face a flat surface on the circumference of the object.

The angle at which the wedge surfaces of the wedge-shaped body or the prismatic part are inclined to one another can be an acute or an obtuse angle δ. Furthermore, the wedge surfaces can each face two obliquely directed refractive surfaces of refractive bodies.

With the optical component according to the invention according to claim 5, transparent objects of any length can be scanned for their surface properties in an advantageous manner.

Advantageously, the sensor can produce a standing or moving image, so that an area of predeterminable width of the entire circumference of the object or only a part thereof when the object is stationary or moving as an optical image or image signal, for example in the form of an illustrated circumferential band or part of the same, obtained with the highest resolution can be. The surface of the object can reflect regularly or diffusely, the object can have a high or low reflectivity. If the object has irregularities, holes, outbreaks, breaks, flaking, edge damage or other anomalies on its surface, this changes the reflection or scattering or refraction or the light transmission compared to the normal surface; this optical change in the light intensity can be detected according to the invention. If the object is moved, a progressive image signal appears on the sensor corresponding to the continuous, scanned circumferential line. These embodiments, in particular that which is designed as a one-piece optical object, can be pressed from synthetic glass in a simple manner, so that the components permit problem-solving solutions which are strictly adapted to the object and are inexpensive.

Brief description of the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows a perspective illustration of an optical component with two wedge surfaces as mirror surfaces and further mirror bodies with mirror surfaces

2 shows a perspective illustration of an optical component which consists of a one-piece, transparent object with two wedge surfaces as refractive surfaces and further refractive surfaces, FIG. 3 shows a perspective illustration of a further optical component with two wedge surfaces as mirror surfaces and further mirror bodies, the component being used for fluoroscopy suitable for transparent objects, FIG. 4 is a perspective illustration of an optical component according to that of FIG. 2 with a longitudinal slot penetrating the through opening for inserting, for example, a thread into the component ¹ Figure 5 is a perspective view of another component according to

² of FIG. 3 in an integral design for screening of

³ visible objects

⁴ Figure 6 a partial section of transparent annular mirror in the form of a

⁵ mirror body as a toroid with a cylindrical circumferential

⁶ lens surface for shifting the geometric location of the cutting

⁷ points of all edge rays on the surface of the to be scanned

⁸ object and

⁹ 7 shows a partial section of a further annular mirror in the form of a trans-

¹⁰ parent mirror bodies as a toroid with a convexly curved,

¹¹ running lens surface for adapted correction of the course of the geo-

¹² metric location of the rays of the light beam on the object in

¹³ relating to the geometry of the optoelectronic sensor.

¹⁵ ways to practice the invention:

¹⁶ The optical component according to FIG.

¹⁷ shear representation of a lower ring mirror 9, which has a through opening 10

¹ to carry out a cylindrical object 15 and one inside

¹⁹ arranged, hollow cone or bowl-shaped, rotationally symmetrical mirror

²⁰ surface 11 has. Above the ring mirror 9 is on its main

²¹ taxis 14 a second optical body, which is designed as an elongated wedge 1 and

²² which has a triangular cross section in the main section. The wedge 1

²³ sits an upwardly facing base surface 60 and two flat, under a winch

²⁴ kel d inclined wedge surfaces 2, 2 ', which are formed as mirror surfaces

²⁵ , the angle d being either an acute or an obtuse angle; ^M in the example shown, the angle d is an obtuse angle.

27

²⁸ Starting from the base 60, the wedge 1 is moved in the direction of the main axis.

²⁹ se 14 penetrated by a through opening 4 which penetrates symmetrically through both wedge surfaces 2, 2 ' ⁰ and whose cross section is centered on the long center line 58 ^{1 of} the upper cover surface 60 of the wedge 1 is arranged, wherein in the projection

² through opening 4 is located centrally within the ring mirror, so that the

³ common edge 3 of the wedge surfaces 2, 2 'a diameter of the ring mirror and, if the through opening 4 is circular, also the through opening 4

⁵ forms. The main axis 14 thus pierces the common edge 3 of the wedge

⁶ surfaces 2, 2 'and divides the angle d into two equal halves. The through

⁷ opening 4 serves to move the object 1 through the component. Of

⁸ further the through opening 4 is preferably only within the

⁹ a half 61 of the base surface 60 of the wedge 1, if one thinks of it divided by ⁰ the short center line 59 of the base surface 60 into two equal halves 61, 61 ', which is evident from FIG. 1.

2

³ the wedge surfaces 2, 2 'of the wedge 1 are provided on each side of the mirror body 5, 6 and 7, 8 against which at least one respective plane mirror surface 5''have, ^s wherein the mirror surfaces 5', 6 ', 7', 8 , 6 'and 7', 8 'with respect to the wedge surface 2' and 2 and with each other are directed obliquely to each other. The mirror bodies 5, 7 are located

⁷ , the mirror bodies 6, 8 are located in the region of the front half 61 of the wedge 1

⁸ in the area of the rear half 61 'of the wedge 1, in such a way the light

To conduct ⁹ of the front half 61 away from the through-opening 4 to the rear ⁰ half 61 'of the wedge to pass from the interfering area of the object path ^1. Preferably below the wedge 1 and adjacent to the annular mirror 9 sawn ² there is a sensor 13, an imaging optical system 12 may be located to the optical image ³ before. The sensor is electrically connected to an evaluation device (not shown ⁾ . 5 ⁶ The mode of operation of the optical component is as follows: ⁷ The object 15 is illuminated in the area of the ring mirror 9 - either from below ⁸ or through the ring mirror 9 - along a circumferential ring 17 on the ⁹ object 15, so that the reflected light radially on the mirror surface 11 ^{0 of} the ring mirror 9 falls and is reflected upwards in the direction of the wedge 1 i and there falls on the surroundings of the through opening 4, with each of the

² wedge surfaces 2, 2 'of the wedge 1 the course of two beams 16, 16' is shown

³ is. The wedge surfaces 2, 2 'divide the incoming light into two halves,

⁴ wherein the Strahieπbündel 16 on the wedge surface 2 and the beam 16 ', the wedge surface 2 ^s' falls. From there, the beams 16, 16 'in the rice

⁶ sequence on the mirror surfaces 7 'and 5' of the mirror bodies 7 and 5 and from

⁷ there on the mirror surfaces 8 ″ or 6 ′ of the opposite mirror bodies 8, 6

⁸ reflects, which the beams 16, 16 'back onto the wedge surfaces 2, 2' in the loading

⁹ throw the rear half 61 'of the wedge 1, after which the rays 16, 16' are reassembled after repeated reflection on the wedge surfaces 2,2 '. The light is then fed to the sensor 13. In this way, the decomposition of the reflected light into partial beams and subsequent composition has the effect that the through opening 4 is bypassed by the image on the rear half 61 'of the wedge 1 not having the through opening 4 with respect to both wedge surfaces 2, 2' transformed and assembled from there.

It is also technically possible to design the optical bodies opposite the wedge surfaces to deflect the light on the wedge surfaces as refractive bodies, in particular when using a monochromatic light source.

FIG. 2 shows an optical component made of a one-piece, transparent, prismatic i-cylindrical object 18, which can be, for example, pressed glass. The optical object 18 consists of a prismatic part 19 and a cylindrical part 20 formed thereon, a through opening 21 extending centrally through both parts 19, 20.

The prismatic part 19 has an elongated notch extending from its top surface 62, which has two optically effective, flat wedge surfaces 23, 23 ' ¹ forms, which are inclined to each other at an angle d and which act as mirror surfaces

^{2 are} mirrored. Within the prismatic part 19 are the wedge surfaces 23,

³ 23 'visually effective, plane mirror surfaces 24, 24' or 25, 25 'opposite; the geometric design, arrangement and function of part 19 corresponds

⁵ completely the wedge 1 and the associated mirror bodies 5, 6, 7, 8 of Figure 1.

⁶ Below the prismatic part 19 and next to the cylindrical part 20

⁷ there is a sensor 27 and in front of it, if necessary, an imaging optics 26.

8th

⁹ The lower end of the cylindrical part 20 has a conical or shell-shaped

¹⁰ mige, inner, rotationally symmetrical play area 31, which is similar

¹¹ design and has the same function as the mirror surface 11 of the ring

¹² mirror 9. The main axis 22 of the mirror surface 31 falls again at the same time

^{13 together} with the central axis of the through opening 21. One not shown

¹ light source illuminates an object 28 which is located in the passage opening 21

¹⁵ of the object 18 is located in such a way in the area of the mirror surface 31 such that ^{i "is} thus illuminated, a circumferential ring 30 on the object 28th That from

¹⁷ Object 28 reflected light falls radially on the mirror surface 31 and is from

¹⁸ there within the cylindrical part 20 upwards onto the wedge surfaces 23, 23 '

¹⁹ thrown. In turn, two light beams 29, 29 'each are from the light beams

^{20 drawn} for one of the wedge surfaces 23, 23 'in FIG.

21

²² The partial beams 29, 29 'each fall on that of the respective half of the

²³ mirror surface 31 associated wedge surface 23, 23 'and from there to the

² mirror surfaces 24 or 25, then to mirror surfaces 24 'or 25' and again

²⁵ therefore back to the wedge surfaces 23, 23 'outside the path of the

²⁶ guided the object 28, the wedge surfaces 23, 23 'the partial beam

²⁷ 29, 29 'deflect such that they again form a beam

²⁸ that, if necessary, with the interposition of a picture

²⁹ optics 26, is directed to the sensor 27. ¹ Figure 3 shows another optical component consisting of a mirror

² gel body 32 in the form of a wedge 32, which consists of two horizontally arranged

³ Neten halves 33, 33 'may be made which are suitable supported movably, so that the halves 33, 33' away from each other and each ^other's can be moved. Each half 33, 33 'of the wedge 32 has an optically effective wedge surface

⁶ 34, 34 'in the form of a mirror surface and a recess 35, 35' which

⁷ together to a vertical and symmetrical within the wedge 32

⁸ arranged through hole complement that in the approximate state of

⁹ halves 33, 33 'has a preferably circular cross-section for the Hindurch- ⁰ motion of an object 46 has. In the approximate state of

Halves 33, 33 ', which is shown in Figure 3, the edges 36, 36' of the ^two halves 33, 33 'run parallel to each other.

3

⁴ Below the wedge 32 is located a ring mirror 37, consisting of two halves 38, 38 may consist ^s', wherein the annular mirror 37 has a through-opening 39 and

⁶ a conical or bowl-shaped, internal, rotationally symmetrical mirror

^{7 has} surface 40 with a main axis 45 which is aligned with the central axis of the

⁸ passage openings of both the wedge 32 and the ring mirror 37 coincide;

⁹ the through opening within the wedge 32 is centrally above

^{20 of} the through opening 39 of the ring mirror 37, which is otherwise equally

²¹ is like the ring mirror 9 of the component in Figure 1. The two halves

²² 38, 38 'of the ring mirror 37 can move away from one another in a suitable manner

^{23 are moved} towards each other similar to the halves 33, 33 'of the wedge 32

²⁴ to encompass, for example, a fixed object 46.

25 ⁶ A light source 41 emits light, which polishes by an imaging optical system 42 ⁷ and a diaphragm 43 and of which a radiation beam 47 is shown in Figure 3. ⁸ This beam 47 is incident on the light source 41 facing ⁹ wedge surface 34 'of the half 33' of the wedge 32 and from there to the including ⁰ lying mirror surface 40 of the associated half 38 of the reflected Ringspiegles 37 ¹ animals and from there thrown radially onto the object 46, whereby the half 38

^{2 of} the ring mirror 37 facing the half of the object 46 from the outside

³ tet, so that a cylindrical object 46 on the outside of the same

⁴ semicircular circumferential ring 48 is illuminated.

5

⁶ Since the object 46 is transparent, the beam 47 penetrates it

⁷ object and illuminates the opposite half 48 'of the circumferential ring of

⁸ within the object 46, and now also forms the opposite

⁹ overlying half 48 'of the circumferential ring by projecting both halves onto one another, after which the beam 47' emanating from the object 46

¹ dial falls on the opposite half 38 'of the ring mirror 37 and from the

² mirror surface 40 up onto the wedge surface 34 of the half 33 of the wedge 32

³ and is passed from there to a sensor 44, preferably again with an imaging optics 42 'connected upstream. Behind the wedge surface 34 and in front

^{5 of} the imaging optics 42 ', a cover disk 63 is arranged for covering

^{6 of} the cutout within the halves 33, 33 'of the wedge 32 in the direction of the

⁷ axis 66. Such a device is used to control transparent dimensions.

⁸ materials, especially glass cylinders or glass tubes.

⁰ Figure 4 shows an embodiment of an optical element, are also in the form of ¹ a one-piece, transparent object 49 consisting of a prismatic rule part 50 and a molded-on cylindrical portion 51, the article 49 of similar design the device described in Figure 2. ^{Figure 4} is . The prismatic part 50 and the cylindrical part 51 are penetrated together by a through opening 52 which has a longitudinal slot 53 which is open to the outside. Through this longitudinal slit 53, for example, a thread can be inserted into the object and continuously scanned. The optical component shown in FIG. 3 can also be designed geometrically in one piece, which is shown in FIG. 5. A cylindrical, one-piece, transparent object 54, which has a central through bore 55, ^* - has a cone-shaped or bowl-shaped interior on its lower end

² mirror surface 57. The optical object 54 has at its upper end

^{3 shows} a wedge-shaped recess with the formation of two obliquely inclined partial surfaces 64, 64 ', which are designed as mirror surfaces pointing inwards. In the area of the partial surfaces 64, 64t, the optical object 54 is flattened on its circumference to form two opposing, plane-parallel surfaces 56, 56 '. The mode of operation of this optical component is the same as the mode of operation of the component described in FIG. 3. The optoelectronic sensor used in all optical components is preferably a CCD component with a straight or ring-shaped line line. It is also conceivable to use a CCD matrix sensor and to define the circumferential ring in the image plane using software.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show parts of ring-shaped mirror bodies 67 and 68 in order to avoid imaging errors which occur due to the curvature of a mirror surface in the tangential direction, as the ring mirrors of the figures described above show, which is why the edge rays do not differ after their reflection cut in a geometric location that is on the surface of the object, but in a location that is outside the surface of the object; in the case of rotationally symmetrical mirror bodies, the geometric locations are circles. Other rays lying between the marginal rays intersect radially on the bundle center lines between the geometric locations, which results in a distortion of the intersection points over the axes of the light bundle. This distortion is most noticeable with a conical mirror, but it also occurs with other mirror shapes that are designed as mirror bodies and in which the mirror surface is curved in one direction.

In FIGS. 6 and 7, reference numbers 74, 74 'are the light bundles with the radial edge rays 75, 76, 75', 76 'and the tangential edge rays 77, 78, 77', 78 'of an object point of objects 72, 72 to be imaged ' With- shown a lens (not shown). The mirror bodies 67, 68 each consist of a transparent body in the form of a toroid with the main axis 73, 73 ', which has an upper, preferably flat, surface 69, 69', a rear, inclined plane and plane in the direction of the inclined plane, internally mirrored mirror surface 70, 70 'and a circumferential surface 71, 71' of the height h facing the main axis 73, 73 'of the mirror bodies 67, 68 is limited. In Figure 6, the surface 71 is cylindrical and represents a cylindrical lens surface of height h; in Figure 7, the surface 71 'is convex. Due to the convex curvature of the lens surface 71 ', the image can be adapted to specific requirements of the object or else the geometry of the optoelectronic sensor used.

For example, in FIG. 6 both the radial and the tangential edge rays 75, 76, 77, 78 meet at a geometric location that forms a circular circumferential line 79 on the surface of the object 72. In FIG. 7, the tangential edge rays 77 ', 78' intersect in a geometrical location, which likewise forms a circular circumferential line 79 on the surface of the object 72; on the other hand, the radial marginal rays 75 ', 76' intersect at a geometrical location which lies within the object 72 ', so that they strike the dotted circumferential lines 80, 80' of the object 72 '. Due to the convex curvature of the surface 71 ', advantageous adaptation of commercially available sensor geometries of CCD components to, for example, cylindrical or round or other rod-shaped objects is achieved.

Furthermore, the rear, obliquely inclined and in the direction of the bevel plane, all-round mirrored mirror surface can be semitransparent, so that it is able to form a divider mirror. The object can then be illuminated through the semitransparent mirror surface and the transparent toroid. ¹ The curvature of the lens surface facing the center of the mirror body can be changed in the direction of the main axis of the mirror body,

^{3 in} such a way that the focal length of the lens surfaces can be changed in order to adapt the mirror body to objects of different geometry, in particular to cylindrical objects with different diameters. In addition, the

⁶ mirror body made of flexible, transparent material and for example

^{7 be} covered with a solid, ring-shaped, transparent perforated disc.

⁸ Is a pressure on the perforated disc, symmetrical or asymmetrical

^{9 is} exerted, the mirror body deforms, whereby due to the volume

⁰ reduction the inner cylindrical lens surface is cambered all around and

¹ a shape which is convex and changeable with respect to the direction of the main axis

² takes, similar to the design of the lens surface 71 'shown in FIG.

Industrial applicability:

The optical components according to the invention are suitable for checking the surface ⁶ of objects according to predetermined quality criteria. The objects can be scanned standing or moving. For example, with

⁸ the components, elongated, transparent and non-transparent body, such as

⁹ pencils, lipsticks glass tubes, textile threads, ropes, and many more on their surface texture including ⁰ for patterns and color scanned. ¹ i

List of reference numerals: 1 wedge-shaped mirror body, wedge 2, 2 'plane, optically effective wedge surfaces 3 edge 4 through opening 5, 6, 7, 8 mirror body 5', 6 ', 7', 8 'plane mirror surfaces 9 ring mirror 10 through opening 11 conical, internal mirror surface 12 imaging optics 13 sensor

14 main axis

15 Object 16, 16 'partial beam

17 illuminated circumferential ring on the object

18 one-piece, transparent object

19 prismatic part

20 cylindrical part

21 through opening 22 main axis 23, 23 'plane, optically effective wedge surfaces 24, 24', 25, 25 'optically effective, flat surfaces 26 imaging optics 27 sensor 28 object 29, 29' partial beam bundle 30 illuminated circumferential ring on object 31 conical, internal mirror surface 32 Keü

59 short center line of the base of the wedge 60 base of the wedge 61, 61 'equally large halves of the base of the wedge 62 mirror or refractive surface 63 cover plate 64, 64' wedge surfaces 65 common edge of the wedge surfaces 64, 64 '66 axis 61, 68 mirror body 69, 69 'surfaces 70, 70' internal mirror surfaces 71, 71 'inner surfaces 72, 72' facing the object, objects 73, 73 'central axes 74, 74' beam bundles 75, 75 ', 76, 76' edge rays in the radial direction 77, IT, 78, 78 'edge rays in the tangential direction 79, 79', 80, 80 'geometric locations of the intersection points of the edge rays δ angle

Claims

¹ claims:

2

³ 1. Optical component for optically scanning the surface of an object

⁴ (15,28), in particular a movable object, the surface of which reflects light

⁵ is able to scatter or break with a first mirror body

⁶ (9,20,51), which has a centrally arranged through opening (10,21,52) for

⁷ Moving the object (15, 28) under illumination using a light source

⁸ through the mirror body, which has a rotationally symmetrical, conical or

⁹ bowl-shaped, internally reflected mirror surface (11,31), which

¹⁰ path of the light rays 16, 16 ', 29, 29') essentially radially to the main axis

¹¹ (14,22) of the mirror body on the object around its circumference and vice versa

^{12 is} able to deflect, wherein in the direction of the main axis of the first mirror

¹³ body within its opening angle and through its through opening

^1, a second optical body (1,19,50) with plane mirror surfaces ^"(2,2 ', 5', 6 ', 7', ^8, 23,23 ', 24,24', 25,25 ') located vertically above the

¹⁶ through opening of the first mirror body also a through opening

¹⁷ (4,21,52) for the object, and possibly with a downstream one

¹⁸ opto-electronic sensor (13, 27) and an electrical evaluation device,

¹⁹ characterized in

²⁰ that two of the mirror surfaces of the second body (1,19,50,54) as wedge surfaces

²¹ (2,2 ', 23,23') at an angle (d) inclined to each other elongated and

²² optically symmetrical to the mirror surface (11, 31, 57) of the first body (9, 20, 51)

^{23 are} directed and the common edge (3,58) of these wedge surfaces centrally

²⁴ above the through opening (10,21,52,55) of the first body (9,20,51,54)

²⁵ runs and the through opening (4,21,52,55) through the second body

²⁶ both wedge surfaces symmetrically in one of the halves (61, 61 ') of the second body

²⁷ penetrates so that the beam bundle into two partial beam bundles (16, 16 ',

²⁸ 29,29 ') disassembled on each of the wedge surfaces, which further plane mirror or

²⁹ refraction surfaces ^(5, ^6, 7 ', ^8, 24,24', ₂₅₎ 25 ') face such that the

³⁰ partial beams from the wedge surfaces separated on the mirror or ^* Refracted refractive surfaces and onto the same wedge surface in the area of the

² through opening opposite half (61 ') of the second body

³ thrown back and then the wedge surfaces reassemble the partial beams into a common beam and direct the light onto the

* Sensor (13, 27) falls.

6

⁷ 2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in

⁸ that the second body is a wedge-shaped mirror body (1) with a triangular cross

^{9 is} cut, the wedge surfaces (2,2 ') of which are formed as mirror surfaces, wherein the wedge surfaces each have two obliquely directed mirror surfaces (5', 6 ', 7', 8 ') of mirror bodies (5,6,7,8 ) face each other and that the first mirror body is an annular mirror in the form of a toroid (9).

3. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that both bodies in one piece from a transparent, prismatic-cylindrical, optical object (18, 49) with a continuous longitudinal bore

⁷ (21,52) exist, the lower part (20,51) of cylindrical design and at the end has an inner, frustoconical mirror surface (31,62) and

⁹ the upper part (19,50) is ( ', 24,24'',56,56' 23,23 25,25) is formed with a plurality of prismatic optical wirksa- ⁰ men mirror surfaces, two of which 'the wedge surfaces (23,23 '). 2 ³

4. Component according to claim 3, characterized in that the through or longitudinal bore (52) within the upper optical ⁵ body or the one-piece optical object (49) is a longitudinal over ⁶ the entire length of the body or object (49) - Has ⁷ slots (53).

5. Optical component for optically scanning the surface of a transparent object (46), in particular a movable object, the surface thereof

Is able to reflect, scatter or refract light with a first mirror body (37, 54) which has a centrally arranged through opening (39, 55) for moving the object (46) under illumination by means of a light source (41) through the mirror body has a rotationally symmetrical, cone-shaped or bowl-shaped, internally reflected mirror surface (40, 57) which essentially radially extends the beam path of the light beams (47, 47 ') to the main axis (45) of the mirror body onto the object around its circumference and is able to deflect conversely, with a second optical body (32, 54) with flat mirror surfaces (34, 34 ', 56, 56'64, 64') in the direction of the main axis of the first mirror body within its opening angle and over its through opening. is located, which also has a through-opening (35, 35 ', 55) for the object perpendicularly above the through-opening of the first mirror or refractive body, and optionally with a em downstream opto-electronic sensor (44) and an electrical Ausweπeeinrichtung, characterized in that the second body is a wedge-shaped mirror body (32,54) with a triangular cross-section and the wedge surfaces (34,34 ', inclined to each other at an angle (d), 64, 64 ') are designed as mirror surfaces and are oriented symmetrically to the mirror surface (40, 57) of the first body (37, 54) and the common edge (36, 36', 65) of the wedge surfaces is centered above the through opening (39, 55) of the first body and the through opening (35, 35 ', 55) passes symmetrically through both wedge surfaces through the second body, the light beam (47) being directed onto the first wedge surface (34', 64), from there towards the bottom half (38) of the mirror surface (40, 57) of the first body (37, 54) lying on this wedge surface falls onto the object (46), penetrates it and onto the opposite half (38 ') of the mirror surface (40, 57) of first body (37,54), from where it reflects on the second wedge surface (34,64 ') and is deflected by it and then falls on the sensor. ¹ 6. Component according to claim 5, characterized in

² that the first and / or the second optical body (32,37) from two of each other

³ separable partial bodies (33,33 ', 38,38') and the first body (37)

^{4 is} toroidal.

5

⁶⁶

7. The component according to claim 5, characterized in that

⁷ that both bodies are made in one piece from a transparent, prismatic-cylindrical

⁸ see optical object (54) with a continuous longitudinal bore (55)

⁹ are made having an inner end, rotationssysmmetrische, ⁰ truncated cone or cup-shaped mirror surface (57) and which is (64,64 ') formed in the upper region with two wedge surfaces as mirror surfaces, which each have a plan surface ² (56.56 ') on the scope of the item.

3 8. Component according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the angle at which the wedge surfaces (2,2 ', 23,23', 34,34 ', 64,64') of the ⁶ wedge-shaped body (1, 32) or the prismatic part (19, 54) are inclined towards one another, is an acute or an obtuse angle (d).

⁹⁹

9. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in

²⁰ that the sensor is a CCD component (13,27,44) in the form of a line or

²¹ ring line or a matrix.

22

²³²³

10. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that

² that the wedge surfaces each have two obliquely directed refractive surfaces of refractive

²⁵ bodies face each other.

26

²⁷²⁷

11. The device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that

²⁸ that the mirror body is a transparent body (67,68) in the form of a toroid

²⁹ , whose outer rear circumferential, inclined surface as the inside

³⁰ mirrored mirror surface (70,70 ') is formed, which is the main axis (73, 73 ') of the mirror body (67, 68) facing inner circumferential surface is designed as a cylindrical or as a curved lens surface (71, 71').

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the inner circumferential lens surface (71 ') is convex or concave and that the focal length and / or the curvature of the lens surface can be changed in the direction of the main axis of the mirror body.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the outer rear circumferential, obliquely inclined mirror surface (70,70 ') is semi-transparent as a divider mirror.