WO1993002563A1 - Improvements in or relating to the storage of potatoes - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to the storage of potatoes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993002563A1 WO1993002563A1 PCT/GB1992/001482 GB9201482W WO9302563A1 WO 1993002563 A1 WO1993002563 A1 WO 1993002563A1 GB 9201482 W GB9201482 W GB 9201482W WO 9302563 A1 WO9302563 A1 WO 9302563A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- potatoes
- treatment material
- steps
- level
- atmosphere
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/152—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of, and apparatus for, storing potatoes and has particular application to the long term storage of ware and seed potatoes.
- a further problem with potatoes stored for prolonged periods is attack by pests and disease and in conventional methods for storing this threat is countered by applying pest and disease control chemicals to the stored potatoes.
- Such sprout control, pest control and disease control chemicals as have been used todate have been contact chemicals, applied to the potatoes as a dust, spray, or the condensates of a vapour, and which methods of application inevitably lead to localised underdosing or overdosing of the stored potatoes.
- Potatoes in storage are also susceptible to attack by pests and diseases and it is known to treat the potatoes with chemical compositions to slow down or eradicate the pests or disease by one of the above contact methods.
- the present invention seeks to provide a method of, and apparatus for, storing potatoes.
- a method for storing potatoes comprising the steps of monitoring the level of at least one volatile in the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes and exposing said potatoes to a treatment material when the level of the monitored volatile material rises above, or falls below, a predetermined value or range of values.
- the method comprises the steps of exposing said potatoes to a volatile treatment material by releasing the volatile treatment material into the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes.
- the method is characterised by the steps of identifying the onset of volatiles produced by the potatoes in the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes and thereafter monitordLng the level of at least one volatile in the said atmosphere and exposing said potatoes to a treatment material when the level of the monitored volatile material rises above, or falls below, a predetermined value or range of values.
- the method is characterised by the steps of selecting the treatment material to be a sprout growth regulator and exposing said potatoes to the said treatment material when the level of the monitored volatile material falls below a predetermined value.
- the method is characterised by the steps of selecting the said treatment material to be a pest or disease control material and exposing the potatoes to said treatment material when the level of the monitored volatile material rises above a predetermined level.
- the method is characterised by the steps of exposing the potatoes to the treatment material or materials by any one or more of the conventional methods for applying treatment materials to potatoes in store.
- the method is characterised by the steps of selecting the treatment material to be identical to the monitored volatile material.
- the method is characterised by the steps of exposing the potatoes simultaneously to a treatment material identical to the monitored volatile material and at least one other treatment material.
- the method is characterised by the steps of selecting the monitored volatile material to comprise one or more alkyl naphthalene materials and selecting the treatment material to comprise one or more of the alkyl naphthalenes.
- the method is characterised by the steps of selecting the monitored volatile material to comprises dimethylnaphthalene.
- the method is characterised by the steps of selecting the treatment material to comprises, or include, di-isopropylnaphthalene.
- the method is characterised by the steps of selecting the said predetermined level of the monitored volatile material at which the potatoes are to be exposed to the treatment material to be below 10 mg m ⁇ 3 and, more preferably, below 5 mg m .
- the method is characterised by the steps of terminating the supply of treatment material to the potatoes when the level of the monitored volatile material reaches a predetermined level.
- the method is characterised by the steps of terminating the supply of treatment material to the potatoes when a predetermined volume of said treatment material has been released into the potatoes.
- the method preferably includes the steps of calculating said predetermined volume of treatment material to be applied by a calculation based on the volume of the potatoes.
- the method is characterised by the steps of storing the potatoes in a store substantially sealed from the surrounding atmosphere, causing the atmosphere in the store to circulate upwardly through the stored potatoes and introducing the treatment material into the circulating atmosphere in the lowermost regions of said circulating atmosphere.
- the invention also envisages apparatus for storing potatoes characterised by monitoring means for monitoring the level of a volatile material in the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes and means for exposing the potatoes to a treatment material when the level of the monitored volatile material rises above, or falls below, a predetermined value or range of values.
- the apparatus comprises a potato storage facility including means for generating circulating air flows in the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes, said air flows passing upwardly through the stored potatoes.
- the apparatus includes means for extracting samples of the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes and supplying said samples to said monitoring apparatus.
- the apparatus is characterised in that the means for extracting samples of the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes comprises at least one aspiration tube arranged with one of its ends buried in the stored potatoes.
- the apparatus includes means for placing the, or each, aspiration tube under a negative pressure whereby atmosphere surrounding the potatoes is drawn into the, or each, aspiration tube at a substantially constant rate.
- the monitoring apparatus means comprises means for monitoring the volatile material by anylitical techniques.
- the apparatus is characterised in that said monitoring means comprises, apparatus for practising gas chromatographic analysis techniques on samples of the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes.
- the apparatus is characterised in that said monitoring means comprises a photofluorimetric apparatus.
- the apparatus is characterised in that the said monitoring means comprises an optical sensing apparatus.
- a store 11 for storing potatoes 12, is substantially sealable against the atmosphere surrounding the store 11.
- the potatoes 12 may be stored in random heaps or in stacked containers.
- the store 11 includes air ducts 13 below the potatoes 12, in a custom built storage facility 11 the air ducts 13 may be below the floor level 11a of the store 11 but for some storage facilities the air ducts 11a may be formed by "A" frames or perforated plates upon which the potatoes are placed when the potatoes 12 are in random heaps, or by the containers for the stored potatoes 12 spacing the stored potatoes above the floor 11a of the store 11.
- the store includes a fan arrangement 14 arranged, to supply air taken from the atmosphere above the potatoes 12, to the air ducts 13, whereupon said supplied air is delivered into the lower regions of the stored potatoes 12, to circulate through the stored potatoes 12 before rising above the said stored potatoes 12.
- the store 11 also includes sampling means, in the form of ducts 15 entered into the stored potatoes 12 in spaced apart relationship, and extractor means 16 for extracting air from each of the ducts 15 in a predetermined order.
- the extractor means 16 is arranged to take a predetermined volume of air from each of the ducts 15 in the predetermined order and to pass each sample to a monitoring apparatus 17 arranged to monitor the level of a volatile material in each sample of air supplied thereto.
- the monitoring apparatus 17 may conveniently comprise any means capable of determining the level of the desired volatile material to be monitored from the air samples supplied from the ducts 15.
- said monitoring apparatus 17 may include means for collecting volatiles in the gas samples on an adsorbent medium for examination by gas chromatographic analysis techniques.
- the monitoring apparatus includes a continuous flow cell through which the volume samples of atmosphere from the ducts 15 are passed in succession and the flow cell forms part of a photofluorimetric apparatus.
- a predetermined wavelength By passing a predetermined wavelength through the volatile laden atmosphere passing through the flow cell the molecules of the alkyl naphthalene volatile are caused to fluoresce, and the collected wavelength can be used to determine the levels of the alkyl naphthalene in the collected samples of atmosphere.
- the wave length of the emitting high intensity radiation for activation of the molecules of alkyl naphthalene will be in the region of 280 m u and the fluorescence wave length will be in the region of 330 m u.
- the monitoring system 17 may also comprise, or include, means for detecting and monitoring the levels of volatiles resulting from attack by pests or diseases and the treatment volatile material known to be effective for the treatment of the pest or disease and capable of being volatilized.
- 2-amino butane is known to be effective in controlling a number of diseases and the volatile of 2 amino butane can be readily monitored by optical sensing means.
- the ducts 15 and the gas sample passages therefrom to the monitoring apparatus are preferably lipophobic, to prevent error by adsorption.
- the apparatus described above may conveniently be operated by a continuous monitoring of samples of the air extracted from the ducts 15.
- the samples of air from the ducts 15 are monitored only over prescribed periods.
- this second method there may be relatively long periods of reduced disturbance of the air surrounding the potatoes and, as the potato will not initiate the growth cycle for some time after being placed in storage and/or whilst the temperature in the store is below a predetermined temperature, the monitoring of the atmosphere below that temperature may be unnecessary.
- the potato reacts slowly to its environment and the sampling of the atmosphere once a day may be sufficient to maintain and effective monitoring of the stored potatoes 12.
- the monitoring apparatus 17 is arranged to monitor the level of the volatile dimethylnaphthalene in the atmosphere samples supplied thereto and, when the monitored value of the dimethylnaphthalene falls to a predetermined value, for example, below 5 mg. m ⁇ 3 of the sample of atmosphere, and the treatment may be maintained until the monitored level reaches 20 mg m-3 when the release of the treatment volatile material is terminated.
- a predetermined value for example, below 5 mg. m ⁇ 3 of the sample of atmosphere
- the volatile treatment material may comprise any conventional volatile dosing material known to have a sprout growth regular effect, or a volatile pest or disease control chemical, and may be applied by conventional means.
- one method for operating the treatment volatile material may conveniently be released into the atmosphere in the store by placing a tray 18, which may include a wick or wicks (not shown), containing said volatile material in the outlet duct of the fan arrangement 14 and starting said fan 14, whereupon the air flows over the tray 18 causes vapours of the dosing volatile material to be entrained by said flows and carried along the ducts 13 to the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes and the level of the dosing volatile material in the atmosphere will be increased thereby.
- the tray 18 of treatment chemical may be left in the air flow to the ducts 13 until the level of the monitored volatile material rises above a predetermined value, when the tray 18 may be removed from the air duct.
- alkyl naphthalene for example dimethylnaphthalene or di- isopropylnaphthalene
- the amount of dosing chemical required to be placed in the tray can be calculated as the amount of chemical required to raise the value of the monitored volatile material from the detected level to a desired level in the air volume surrounding the potatoes.
- the apparatus may include other means for dosing the air flow with the dosing volatile material and, by way of example, the apparatus may include conventional atomising means in said air flow.
- the treatment chemical can be the same material as the monitored material, or another volatile material beneficial to the storage of the potatoes.
- the monitoring apparatus 17 may be arranged to monitor the level of dimethylnaphthalene in the atmosphere and the dosing material may comprise di- isopropylnaphthalene, which is now known to exhibit sprout growth control properties and pest and disease control properties.
- di-isopropylnaphthalene is an alkyl naphthalene analysis of the monitored volatile material will show the sum total of alkyl naphthalenes in the monitored atmosphere.
- the treatment volatile material may comprise more than one volatile material and may, for example, comprise the monitored material, or a substitute therefore, together with an additional volatile pest or disease control material.
- the monitoring apparatus 17 may not be capable of monitoring the said additional volatile material the level of the additional volatile material in the atmosphere can be readily deduced by the volumetric level of said additional material in relation to the level of the added monitored material and/or by calculation based on the volume of potatoes in the store 11 or the volume of the store 11.
- the method is not restricted to the monitoring of a volatile material emitted from the potatoes 17, and may comprise the monitoring of any volatile material in the atmosphere in the store 11.
- the method proposed by the present invention seeks to utilise the natural emissions from the stored potatoes to maximum advantage and to add dosing materials to the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes only when required, so that only a relatively small amount of dosing chemical is necessary to maintain the potatoes in good condition for prolonged periods.
- a further advantage of the method proposed by the invention is that the problems of overdosing and underdosing are effectively avoided, as also are the problems of undesirable residues in the potatoes.
- the fan 14 has been described as operating only when additional volatile material is being added to the atmosphere in the store 11, the fan arrangement 14 may be operated at other times to perform other functions and may, for example, be operated simply to "stir" the atmosphere in a large store, to distribute the volatiles in the atmosphere more uniformly throughout the store 11.
- the store may be provided with means for monitoring the ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen levels in the store 11.
- the fan arrangement 14 may include an inlet, selectively connectable to the atmosphere surrounding the store 11, and the store will include vents, selectively openable to the atmosphere surrounding the store 11.
- the fan arrangement On detecting an undesirable carbon dioxide/oxygen ratio, the fan arrangement may be operated to blow fresh air into the store to restore the carbon dioxide/oxygen ratio to a more desirable ratio. It will be appreciated that after using such a facility the level of the monitored volatile material in the atmosphere surrounding the potatoes may fall below that level at which the dosing volatile material will be released into the atmosphere and preferably the apparatus includes means for preventing release of the treatment volatile material until the monitored volatile material has stabilized, thus to avoid unnecessary application of the dosing material.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP92916706A EP0653913A1 (en) | 1991-08-10 | 1992-08-10 | Improvements in or relating to the storage of potatoes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB919117350A GB9117350D0 (en) | 1991-08-10 | 1991-08-10 | Improvements in or relating to the storage of potatoes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993002563A1 true WO1993002563A1 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
Family
ID=10699843
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1992/001482 WO1993002563A1 (en) | 1991-08-10 | 1992-08-10 | Improvements in or relating to the storage of potatoes |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0653913A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9117350D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993002563A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0967866A1 (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 2000-01-05 | Platte Chemical Company | Composition and method of sprout inhibition in potatoes |
GB2394882A (en) * | 2003-04-05 | 2004-05-12 | Greenvale Ap Ltd | Controlling sprout growth in a root vegetable |
WO2014112998A1 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-24 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Apparatus and process for low-temperature injection of a liquid crop preservative formulation |
US9392805B2 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2016-07-19 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Methods for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
WO2017134288A1 (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-10 | Environmental Monitoring Systems (Ems) B.V. | Method and installation for controlling an atmosphere in a space which is at least partially filled with agricultural or horticultural products |
IL263614A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-02-28 | Xeda International | Method of treatment with a biocidal or safener product, device and corresponding treatment unit |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2095616A5 (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1972-02-11 | Goidanich Gabriele | Anti-scald treatment - for apples and pears after gathering |
EP0087269A1 (en) * | 1982-02-20 | 1983-08-31 | Coalite Group Plc | Plant growth regulators |
US4771006A (en) * | 1985-04-08 | 1988-09-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optrode for sensing hydrocarbons |
EP0320012A2 (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-14 | DEGESCH GmbH | Process for eradicating or controlling pests and pest control installation |
-
1991
- 1991-08-10 GB GB919117350A patent/GB9117350D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-08-10 WO PCT/GB1992/001482 patent/WO1993002563A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-08-10 EP EP92916706A patent/EP0653913A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2095616A5 (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1972-02-11 | Goidanich Gabriele | Anti-scald treatment - for apples and pears after gathering |
EP0087269A1 (en) * | 1982-02-20 | 1983-08-31 | Coalite Group Plc | Plant growth regulators |
US4771006A (en) * | 1985-04-08 | 1988-09-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optrode for sensing hydrocarbons |
EP0320012A2 (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-14 | DEGESCH GmbH | Process for eradicating or controlling pests and pest control installation |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
B.E. RIPP, ED. 'CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE AND FUMIGATION IN GRAIN STORAGES' 1984 , ELSEVIER , AMSTERDAM Session 6, pp. 419-424: "The use of controlled air .. grain storages" * |
CHEMICAL PATENTS INDEX, DOCUMENTATION ABSTRACTS JOURNAL Section Ch, Week 8528, 1985 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class D, AN 85-165465 & DD,A,219 662 (OBSTFORSCH DRESDEN) 13 March 1985 * |
CHEMICAL PATENTS INDEX, DOCUMENTATION ABSTRACTS JOURNAL Section Ch, Week 9111, 1990 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class D, AN 91-079205 & SU,A,1 567 027 (MOSC. AGRIC. ACAD.) 7 July 1990 * |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0967866A1 (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 2000-01-05 | Platte Chemical Company | Composition and method of sprout inhibition in potatoes |
EP0967866A4 (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 2002-09-04 | Platte Chemical Co | Composition and method of sprout inhibition in potatoes |
GB2394882A (en) * | 2003-04-05 | 2004-05-12 | Greenvale Ap Ltd | Controlling sprout growth in a root vegetable |
WO2004089093A2 (en) * | 2003-04-05 | 2004-10-21 | Greenvale Ap Limited | Apparatus and method for controlling sprout growth in a crop |
GB2394882B (en) * | 2003-04-05 | 2004-11-10 | Greenvale Ap Ltd | Method for controlling sprout growth in a root vegetable |
WO2004089093A3 (en) * | 2003-04-05 | 2005-03-17 | Greenvale Ap Ltd | Apparatus and method for controlling sprout growth in a crop |
WO2014112998A1 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-24 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Apparatus and process for low-temperature injection of a liquid crop preservative formulation |
US9392805B2 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2016-07-19 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Methods for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
US10189044B2 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2019-01-29 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Apparatus and systems for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
US20190151880A1 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2019-05-23 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Apparatus and systems for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
US11071992B2 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2021-07-27 | 1,4 Group, Inc. | Apparatus and systems for applying a liquid crop-preservative formulation to a container |
WO2017134288A1 (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-10 | Environmental Monitoring Systems (Ems) B.V. | Method and installation for controlling an atmosphere in a space which is at least partially filled with agricultural or horticultural products |
IL263614A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-02-28 | Xeda International | Method of treatment with a biocidal or safener product, device and corresponding treatment unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9117350D0 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
EP0653913A1 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
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