WO1993002324A1

WO1993002324A1 - Means in air heating system, e.g. for dwellings

Info

Publication number: WO1993002324A1
Application number: PCT/SE1992/000518
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sten Holgersson
Original assignee: ABB Fläkt AB
Priority date: 1991-07-22
Filing date: 1992-07-14
Publication date: 1993-02-04
Also published as: FI940286A0; NO940224D0; SE9102221D0; GB2273351A; JPH06509160A; FI940286A; DK8394A; FI98408B; GB2273351B; GB9400541D0; FI98408C; SE504391C2; SE9102221L; DK170543B1; NO301094B1; NO940224L; DE4292372T1; AU2333392A

Abstract

An apparatus for air heating systems, e.g. for residences, including a circulation unit (2) for recycling of air as well as an air heating unit for the heating air before its supply to the residential living areas. At least two ducts (8, 10) lead from the circulation unit for air transport to different zones of the residence. The air heating unit includes individually controlled radiators (12, 14) for each of the ducts. A ventilation unit with valve means for the supply of ventilation air is coupled to each of the ducts between the circulation unit and the radiators.

Description

Means in Air Heating System, e.g. for dwellings.

The present invention refers to a means for an air heating system, e.g. for residences, including a circulation unit for the recirculation of air and an air heating unit for the heating of air before it is supplied to the residential area.

Air heating systems e.g. for residences, in which a ventila¬ tion unit with heat recovery is combined with a circulation unit with filter and radiator, are previously known. Two such systems are presently sold by ABB Flakt AB under the names Termovent and Minitemp. In both these systems ventilation air is mixed with recirculated air in an air heating unit, by which circulation air is taken centrally in the residence.

In order to limit the expense for electricity in the event that a radiator is used for heating purposes, which is the most common solution, it is desirable to use cheap night electricity. In order to be able to use night electricity for heating it has earlier been a common belief that so called water carried heat must be used. Heated air has, however, the advantage that energy can be stored by raising the temperature in the house during the night. During the day the heat is then turned off and the tempe¬ rature is allowed to drop to a certain level, usually this temperature drop is allowed to be about 3 to 4°C. Thanks to good insulation and effective heat recovery the use of expensive day electricity can be greatly reduced. It has been shown that to heat a house electrically in this way only about 20 to 25 % need to be day electricity. One disadvantage with increasing the temperature in the residence during the night, however, is that an increased temperature in the bedroom might be felt uncomfor- table.

One way of obtaining higher air quality in the bedroom is described in the Swedish patent 7703096-3. Here the bedroom is heated by way of only postheated ventilation air, i.e. post heated exterior air and the remaining rooms with circulation air, which receives its share of ventilation air by way of the bedroom, i.e. on "the second round". The advantage of this tech¬ nique is that a higher air quality is obtained in the bedroom and that the night temperature in the remainder of the house can be raised for energy storage without the temperature in the bedroom becoming uncomfortably.high. Generally the temperature can be controlled separately for the bedroom. The disadvantage with this previously known way is that the bedroom is cooled down during the day, if the heat supply is turned off, because the bedrooms do not get any part of the circulated air from the heated part of the house.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate this disadvantage found in the earlier known air heating system.

This object is achieved with an apparatus as described in the preamble with the characterising features given in claim 1. ith the apparatus according to the invention is obtained the advantage that the temperature can be raised in the remainder of the house while retaining a comfortable bedroom temperature during the night and during the day the temperature in the house can be allowed to drop without chilling down the bedroom. With the apparatus according to the invention increased possibilities for a ventilation of residences adapted to the needs and with low energy consumption are obtained.

By way of that the apparatus according to the invention blows not only ventilation air in the form of exterior air into the bedroom, but also makes use of circulation air, which is not toally contaminated, the specified standards can be met in spite of the fact that there is "too little" exterior air blown in.

With the apparatus according to the invention ventilation air can be moved to different parts of the residence during the day, or parts of the day, so that a cooling of for example the be¬ droom is avoided. Instead fresh air can thus be directed to the remaining parts of the residence, which have had an increased temperature earlier. In this manner a greater increase of the temperature can be allowed during the night. During the day it is quite common that one is outside of the bedroom, and it is therefore advantageous to supply fresh air to the areas outside of the bedroom during the day, i.e. that fresh air is directed to those areas where people are located for the moment. According to one advantageous embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the valve means of the ventilation unit is designed for individual control of the supply of venti¬ lation air to the ducts. In this manner the air can be propor¬ tioned to different rooms in accordance with the ventilation needs. When the ducts extend from a common pressure chamber after the fan in the circulation unit the total flow in the ducts will be constant while the proportions between the venti¬ lation air and the circulation air in each of the separate ducts can be varied.

In accordance with another advantageous embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the invention, the valve means is controlled by carbon dioxide meters in one or more of the living areas. Human beings give off, as is known, carbon dioxide when they exhale and by installing such a carbon dioxide meter in for example the bedroom the regulator apparatus can be controlled so that acceptable air quality is retained in the bedroom.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the invention changes occur in the supply of ventilation air to the ducts by way of a readjustment of the regulator apparatus controlled by a control clock.

According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the invention radiators are con¬ trolled by a temperature transmitter, whereby one temperature transmitter preferably is placed in the bedroom of the residence in order to control the temperature of the air which is supplied to the bedroom and one temperature transmitter is placed in the circulation air or at another suitable place in the residence. In accordance with another advantageous embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention the set points of the temperature regulation generally are controlled manually while the allowable temperature increase during the night and the allowable temperature drop during the day are controlled auto¬ matically by way of a tariff clock and control clock. According to another advantageous embodiment the radiators are designed to be electrically directly heated or water hea¬ ted, while however electrically heated radiators are the most comfortable.

According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the invention a heat recovery apparatus is arranged to preheat the ventilation air using the warm exhaust air from the residence. A prerequisite for a, from an energy aspect, positive solution is that energy is taken from the warm exhaust air for preheating of the cold exterior air. before the exhaust air is diverted.

Embodiments of the apparatus according to the invention, chosen as examples, will now be described more in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: fig. 1 illustrates the principle for the apparatus according to the invention in an embodiment with two channel ducts for supply of air, fig. 2 shows an elevational view of an air heating system with the apparatus according to the invention in- stalled in a residence, and fig. 3 illustrates the same air heating system in a perspec¬ tive view.

In fig. 1 is shown a circulation unit 2 with fan 4 and filter 6. The arrow C illustrates the flow of circulation air.

Two channel ducts 8,10 extend from the circulation unit 2 for air transportation. The one channel 8 leads to the zone 1, for example the bedrooms, in a residence and the other duct 10 to a zone 2 of the residence, i.e. the other parts of the residence. T designates the flow of warm supply air.

On each duct 8,10 there is a radiator 12 and 14, respec¬ tively. The radiator 12 can be controlled by a temperature transmitter 16, placed for example in the parents bedroom, and the radiator 14 by a transmitter 18, positioned in the circula- tion air or at a suitable place in the residence.

Channel 20 from the ventilation unit is coupled to both ducts 8,10 for the supply of ventilation air. The ventilation air is made up of exterior air which is preheated in a heat exchanger with heat from exhaust air from the residence. In channel 20 there is positioned a valve means 22, not shown in detail, which makes it possible to vary the supply of venti¬ lation air to the two ducts 8,10. In that both ducts 8,10 are coupled to the same circulation fan 4 and the external air channels are not changed, the air flows in both ducts 8,10 will always be equal, irrespective of the prevailing mixture of circulation air and ventilation air. The "quality" of the air can thus be adjusted to the actual needs in different parts of the residence, as discussed above. In such a way one can be assured of that an upper temperature level is not exceeded in the bedroom and the ventilation air can be optimally used for the people in the residence. The general readjustment of the valve means 22 is most conveniently made by way of a control clock wherein the times have been adapted to the use of the house.

In fig. 2 is shown an air heating system with an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention installed in a residence.

Exterior air is taken in adjacent the roof through the channel 24 and is preheated in a heat recovery apparatus 26 of a heat exchanger type, in which heat from exhaust air is used for the heating of the exterior air before the exhaust air is diver¬ ted from the residence. The heat recycling apparatus can be of the type Minivent which is sold by ABB Flakt AB. The exhaust air 28 is taken from closet areas, toilet areas, kitchen and bathrooms.

Ventilation air in the form of preheated exterior air is led by way of the channel 20 to the ducts 8,10. In the channel 20 is, as mentioned above, an adjustable valve means is installed. The circulation unit 2 can be comprised of a so callet Termovent unit, which is sold by ABB Flakt AB.

By way of heater 12,14, filters 30,32, and silencers 34,36, exterior air is directed to bedrooms and other areas in the residence, respectively, compare also fig. 3, which shows the system of fig. 2 in a perspective view. TD1, TD2 and FD1 in¬ dicate different supply and exhaust air means.

Above, one embodiment with two ducts for air supply has been shown and explained. The apparatus according to the invention can of course be made with more than two ducts for the supply of air to different zones.

In the embodiment above, the circulation unit 2 and the air heating unit made up of the radiators 12,14 have further been illustrated in the form of two separate entities, among other reasons in order to make the illustration more clear. In prac- tical embodiments of the apparatus according to the invention the circulation and air heating units can, however, be assembled into one entity.

Claims

CLAIM

Apparatus for air heating systems, e.g. for residences, inclu¬ ding a circulation unit (2) for recycling of air as well as an air heating unit for heating of air before its supply to the living area, whereby at least two ducts (8,10) for the transport of air to different zones of the residence lead from the cir¬ culation unit and whereby the air heating unit includes indivi¬ dually controllable radiators (12,14) for each of the ducts, characterized in that a ventilation unit (U) equipped with a valve means (22) for the supply of ventilation air is coupled to each of the ducts (8,10) between the circulation unit (2) and the radiators (12,14) and in that the valve means (22) of the ventilation unit (U) is designed for individual control of the supply of ventilation air to the ducts (8,10).