WO1993002322A1 - Organic waste incineration method - Google Patents

Organic waste incineration method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993002322A1
WO1993002322A1 PCT/FR1992/000660 FR9200660W WO9302322A1 WO 1993002322 A1 WO1993002322 A1 WO 1993002322A1 FR 9200660 W FR9200660 W FR 9200660W WO 9302322 A1 WO9302322 A1 WO 9302322A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
foam
mixture
hearth
pump
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1992/000660
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard Antonini
Olivier Lepez
Jean-Pierre Perotin
Philippe Sajet
Original Assignee
Association Gradient
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Association Gradient filed Critical Association Gradient
Priority to JP5502618A priority Critical patent/JPH0833191B2/en
Priority to EP92916367A priority patent/EP0593671A1/en
Publication of WO1993002322A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993002322A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/008—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for liquid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the process for the incineration of organic waste relates to a process for the elimination by incineration of organic waste and in particular of liquid or solid organic waste with low calorific value.
  • Certain highly polluting organic compositions are very difficult to eliminate. even by incineration. Examples include liquids from leaching operations of steam generators (especially in nuclear reactors), tank bottoms containing organic or colloidal materials, solid materials of the resin type or activated carbon, residual liquids from chemical processes containing styrene ...
  • the present invention intends to propose a process for preparing this liquid or solid organic waste so as to place it in a state where their combustion can be carried out quickly and without excessive production of fumes or toxic components.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a process for treating mainly liquid organic waste which consists in producing an aqueous mixture of the substances to be incinerated to which a hydrocarbon of the fuel oil type (optionally charged with a used hydrocarbon that it would be advisable to co-incinerate) and surfactants, to agitate this mixture by incorporating a non-combustible gas therein in order to create a foam and to introduce this foam in a combustion chamber.
  • This process is preferably carried out continuously, although it can be applied discontinuously in defined quantities, prepared and burnt.
  • the choice of non-combustible gas which can range from carbon dioxide to pure oxygen, makes it possible to act on the risk of auto-ignition of the mixture according to its calorific value.
  • the calorific value of the mixture depends on the nature of the effluents to be incinerated and the addition of the fuel, so that by choosing an appropriate gas, we manage to have an inert foam therefore easy to transport to the incinerator .
  • the foam When the expansion takes place at atmospheric pressure, the foam is propelled by a pump. It may however be advantageous to carry out an expansion under pressure. Indeed, the pressurized foam while relaxing is self-propelling. Its transport from the place of production, necessarily close to the hearth, to the hearth therefore does not use any pumping device. In addition, it undergoes a violent pressure drop in the conduits emerging at the level of the incinerator, which ensures good dispersion of the organic material to be incinerated in the combustion hearth. This effect is further amplified by the "flash" vaporization of the water contained in the mixture.
  • the pressurizing gas is oxygen which can be used if the mixture is of low calorific value
  • the excellent division of the mixture contributes to a significant reduction in flame lengths and to an optimization of the smoke volume, in which practically no unburnt remains.
  • the smoke flows which result therefrom are therefore minimized, which allows the use, for treating these fumes of very efficient and costly filters, and the absence of unburnt material significantly reduces the frequency of changes of these filters.
  • the effluent 2 to be treated is conducted in a mixer 1 where it is supplemented with surfactants 3 and fuel oil 4.
  • the effluent is in the form of an aqueous solution of the organic compounds to be eliminated, a contribution additional water 5 can be operated in the mixer 1 to adjust the composition of the mixture.
  • the effluent can be the subject of a specific preparation prior to its mixing.
  • the other fluids can constitute vectors for the introduction of another product to be incinerated (used oils or the like).
  • the latter is then led to the inlet of an enclosure 6 by means of a pump P.
  • the enclosure 6 also receives a gas 7 under pressure to create, with agitation, a pressurized foam for example between 2 and 10 bars.
  • an inert gas such as carbon dioxide is introduced for a mixture having a very high calorific value or air or air enriched with oxygen or even pure oxygen if it 'is a very little auto-flammable mixture.
  • the enclosure or its outlet pipe 8 has a valve V allowing the value of pressurization. Indeed, this valve creates a pressure drop upstream of which, thanks to the pump P, it is possible to maintain this pressure under which this foam is formed.
  • This pressure drop may simply consist of the sum of the pressure drop along the pipe 8 and that of the point of the spray nozzle to which this pipe 8 leads.
  • the pipe 8 Downstream of this enclosure 6, the pipe 8 opens into a combustion chamber 9 of cyclone type in which the foam completes its expansion.
  • the partial expansion taking place in the pipeline constitutes the motor for propelling the foam towards the hearth 9.
  • the graph in FIG. 2 is a curve which illustrates the variation in pressure as a function of the specific volume of the product. It is also significant of the pressure of the product circulating continuously in the various parts of the circuit.
  • part A of the curve illustrates the increase in pressure in the pump P
  • part B relates to the foaming in the enclosure 6
  • part C illustrates the pressure of the product in the conduit 8 until it is injected into the combustion hearth 9.
  • the oxidizing gas 10 also introduced into the hearth will preferably be oxygen, which makes it possible to avoid the problems relating to the production of nitrogen oxides during combustion in air.
  • the expansion is carried out in the enclosure 6 at atmospheric pressure and the valve V is replaced by a foam propulsion pump.
  • ashes are collected in an ashtray 10, the nature of which will dictate the subsequent treatment which they will have to undergo.
  • effluents from the leaching of nuclear units these ashes will be contaminated and it will be useful to "block" them in a coating matrix before final storage in an approved site.
  • the combustion fumes 11 are cooled in a cooler.
  • straightener 12 which condenses the water vapor they contain to get rid of them. They are then passed through filters 13 suitable for very high efficiency which retain all the unwanted particles in an atmospheric discharge. If necessary, intermediate heating can be provided to raise the dew point to avoid condensation on the cold walls of the filters.
  • Reference 14 represents the removal of the particles (and of the filters which are charged with them), 15 being the representation of the path of discharge into the atmosphere. It is also possible to provide an afterburner 17 following the furnace 9.
  • the fuel is prepared in the form of foam, preferably pressurized which allows to adjust the inerting of the product as a function of the initial mixture, which makes it possible to find a compromise between the safety against self-ignition to be ensured during transport and the ease of incineration.
  • this foam has from the point of view of its transport and its combustion thanks precisely to this structure in the form of foam, the combustion is of the gas type and its stoichiometry can easily be adjusted.
  • the short flames and the complete combustion which one notes, in particular when one operates in the presence of pure oxygen, allows a significant reduction in the dimensions of the combustion hearth. It then becomes possible to provide the unit which implements the method is movable 1'invention 'and can be approached from the place where are produced the effluent (which eliminates all the problems associated with transportation and intermediate storage ).
  • the effluent to be burned may contain solid particles in suspension, these being supported by the frothy structure created. These particles can therefore be trapped with the effluent to like a charged foam, that is to say a solid three-phase structure - liquid - gas. If necessary, prior grinding of the charged effluent will have been carried out to adjust the particle size of the solids.
  • the foams are self-cleaning (in the case where they are tank leaching products or steam generators) which makes maintenance of the installation easy.
  • the process of the invention is all the more advantageous since it is versatile. Indeed, by the transformation of the effluents to be incinerated into foam (charged or not) and pressurized, it is applicable to a wide variety of products. This foam is also easily modifiable in its composition, which allows precise adjustment of its formulation and control of the combustion temperature.
  • the preparation of the foam was carried out from this effluent added with fuel oil to obtain a final product having 90% of effluent, 10% of fuel oil by weight.
  • the incineration of 570 kg / h of this oxygen pressurized foam with 250 kg / h of oxygen as oxidizer (including a 10% excess compared to stoichiometry) produced fumes containing mainly 1/4 of C0 2 , and 2/3 of H 2 0. We see the high proportion of water in these fumes which, once condensed, allows a very significant reduction volumes to be filtered.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

A method for processing mainly liquid organic waste, wherein an aqueous mixture of substances to be incinerated is prepared, a hydrocarbon such as fuel oil (14) is added thereto along with surfactants (3), the mixture is agitated and a non-fuel gas (7) is incorporated therein to form a foam, and the foam is placed in a furnace (9).

Description

Procédé d' incinération" de déchets organiques. La présente invention concerne un procédé d'élimi¬ nation par incinération de déchets organiques et particuliè¬ rement de déchets organiques liquides ou solides à faible pouvoir calorifique. Certaines compositions organiques fortement polluantes sont très délicates à éliminer même par incinéra¬ tion. On citera par exemple les liquides provenant d'opéra¬ tion de lessivage de générateurs de vapeur (notamment dans les réacteurs nucléaires), les fonds de cuve contenant des matières organiques ou colloïdales, des matières solides de type résines ou charbon actif, des liquides résiduels de procédés chimiques contenant du styrène.... The process for the incineration of organic waste. The present invention relates to a process for the elimination by incineration of organic waste and in particular of liquid or solid organic waste with low calorific value. Certain highly polluting organic compositions are very difficult to eliminate. even by incineration. Examples include liquids from leaching operations of steam generators (especially in nuclear reactors), tank bottoms containing organic or colloidal materials, solid materials of the resin type or activated carbon, residual liquids from chemical processes containing styrene ...
Les difficultés de leur élimination ont plusieurs causes. L'une d'elles est la difficulté de leur manutention jusque dans le foyer de combustion ; ces matières sont en effet collantes, visqueuses ou agressives. Une seconde réside dans leur faible pouvoir calorifique et leur faible propen¬ sion à brûler complètement. C'est pourquoi parmi les modes de traitement envisageables, on a pensé procéder à une voie physico-chimique de concentration de la matière organique (précipitation - osmose...) qui présente l'inconvénient d'être très coûteuse.The difficulties of their elimination have several causes. One of them is the difficulty of handling them into the combustion chamber; these materials are in fact sticky, viscous or aggressive. A second is their low calorific value and their low propensity to burn completely. This is why among the possible modes of treatment, it has been thought to proceed with a physicochemical route for the concentration of organic matter (precipitation - osmosis ...) which has the disadvantage of being very expensive.
La présente invention entend proposer un procédé de préparation de ces déchets organiques liquides ou solides de manière à les placer dans un état où leur combustion puisse être menée à bien rapidement et sans production excessive de fumées ou de composants toxiques.The present invention intends to propose a process for preparing this liquid or solid organic waste so as to place it in a state where their combustion can be carried out quickly and without excessive production of fumes or toxic components.
A cet effet, l'invention a donc pour objet un procédé de traitement de déchets organiques principalement liquides qui consiste à réaliser un mélange aqueux des substances à incinérer à laquelle on ajoute un hydrocarbure du type fioul (éventuellement chargé d'un hydrocarbure usagé qu'il conviendrait de co-incinérer) et des agents tensio- actifs, à agiter ce mélange en y incorporant un gaz non combustible afin de créer une mousse et à introduire cette mousse dans un foyer de combustion. Ce procédé est de préfé¬ rence conduit en continu, bien qu'on puisse l'appliquer de manière discontinue par quantités définies, préparées et brûlées. On crée ainsi une substance de caractéristiques hydrauliques intermédiaires entre un gaz et un liquide dont la structure est celle d'un réseau cellulaire tridimensionnel (des bulles) dont les parois portent les substances organi¬ ques initiales et les substances ajoutées (le fioul en particulier) l'intérieur de ces cellules étant rempli du gaz susdit.To this end, the subject of the invention is therefore a process for treating mainly liquid organic waste which consists in producing an aqueous mixture of the substances to be incinerated to which a hydrocarbon of the fuel oil type (optionally charged with a used hydrocarbon that it would be advisable to co-incinerate) and surfactants, to agitate this mixture by incorporating a non-combustible gas therein in order to create a foam and to introduce this foam in a combustion chamber. This process is preferably carried out continuously, although it can be applied discontinuously in defined quantities, prepared and burnt. This creates a substance with intermediate hydraulic characteristics between a gas and a liquid, the structure of which is that of a three-dimensional cellular network (bubbles), the walls of which carry the initial organic substances and the added substances (fuel oil in particular). the interior of these cells being filled with the above gas.
Outre les avantages résultant des caractéristiques physiques de cette substance, le choix du gaz non combusti¬ ble, pouvant aller du dioxyde de carbone à l'oxygène pur, permet d'agir sur le risque d'auto-inflammation du mélange selon son pouvoir calorifique. Le pouvoir calorifique du mélange dépend de la nature des effluents à incinérer et de l'addition du carburant, si bien qu'en choisissant un gaz approprié, on parvient à disposer d'une mousse inerte donc aisée à véhiculer jusqu'à l'incinérateur.In addition to the advantages resulting from the physical characteristics of this substance, the choice of non-combustible gas, which can range from carbon dioxide to pure oxygen, makes it possible to act on the risk of auto-ignition of the mixture according to its calorific value. . The calorific value of the mixture depends on the nature of the effluents to be incinerated and the addition of the fuel, so that by choosing an appropriate gas, we manage to have an inert foam therefore easy to transport to the incinerator .
Lorsque l'on procède au foisonnement à pression atmosphérique, la propulsion de la mousse est assurée par une pompe. Il peut cependant être avantageux de procéder à un foisonnement sous pression. En effet la mousse pressurisée en se détendant est autopropulsive. Son transport du lieu de sa production, nécessairement proche du foyer, jusqu'au foyer n'emploie donc aucun dispositif de pompage. En outre, elle subit une violente chute de pression dans les conduits débouchant au niveau de l'incinérateur ce qui assure une bonne dispersion de la matière organique à incinérer dans le foyer de combustion. Cet effet est en outre amplifié par la vaporisation "flash" de l'eau contenue dans le mélange.When the expansion takes place at atmospheric pressure, the foam is propelled by a pump. It may however be advantageous to carry out an expansion under pressure. Indeed, the pressurized foam while relaxing is self-propelling. Its transport from the place of production, necessarily close to the hearth, to the hearth therefore does not use any pumping device. In addition, it undergoes a violent pressure drop in the conduits emerging at the level of the incinerator, which ensures good dispersion of the organic material to be incinerated in the combustion hearth. This effect is further amplified by the "flash" vaporization of the water contained in the mixture.
Dans le cas où le gaz de pressurisation est de l'oxygène qui peut être employé si le mélange est à bas pouvoir calorifique, l'excellente division du mélange concourt à une importante réduction des longueurs de flamme et à une optimisation du volume fumigène, dans lequel il ne subsiste pratiquement pas d'imbrûlés. Les débits de fumées qui en résultent sont donc minimisés ce qui autorise 1'em- ploi, pour traiter ces fumées de filtres très performants et coûteux et l'absence d'imbrûlés diminue sensiblement la fréquence des changements de ces filtres.In the case where the pressurizing gas is oxygen which can be used if the mixture is of low calorific value, the excellent division of the mixture contributes to a significant reduction in flame lengths and to an optimization of the smoke volume, in which practically no unburnt remains. The smoke flows which result therefrom are therefore minimized, which allows the use, for treating these fumes of very efficient and costly filters, and the absence of unburnt material significantly reduces the frequency of changes of these filters.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages du procédé apparaîtront au cours de la description d'un mode de sa mise en oeuvre donnée ci-après à titre d'exemple.Other characteristics and advantages of the method will appear during the description of a mode of its implementation given below by way of example.
Il sera fait référence au dessin annexé qui représenteReference will be made to the attached drawing which represents
- à la figure 1, un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention.- In Figure 1, an embodiment of the invention.
- à la figure 2, un graphe de l'évolution de la pression du produit dans l'installation avant le four d'incinération.- in Figure 2, a graph of the evolution of the product pressure in the installation before the incineration furnace.
L'effluent 2 à traiter est conduit dans un mélan¬ geur 1 où il est additionné d'agents tensio-actifs 3 et de fioul 4. L'effluent se présente sous forme d'une solution aqueuse des composés organiques à éliminer, un apport additionnel d'eau 5 pouvant être opéré dans le mélangeur 1 pour ajuster la composition du mélange. Il faut noter que l'effluent peut faire l'objet d'une préparation spécifique préalable à son mélange. On indiquera également que les autres fluides peuvent constituer des vecteurs d'introduction d'un autre produit à incinérer (huiles usagées ou autres).The effluent 2 to be treated is conducted in a mixer 1 where it is supplemented with surfactants 3 and fuel oil 4. The effluent is in the form of an aqueous solution of the organic compounds to be eliminated, a contribution additional water 5 can be operated in the mixer 1 to adjust the composition of the mixture. It should be noted that the effluent can be the subject of a specific preparation prior to its mixing. It will also be indicated that the other fluids can constitute vectors for the introduction of another product to be incinerated (used oils or the like).
Ce dernier est ensuite conduit à l'entrée d'une enceinte 6 au moyen d'une pompe P. L'enceinte 6 reçoit également un gaz 7 sous pression pour créer, avec agitation, une mousse pressurisée par exemple entre 2 et 10 bars. Selon le pouvoir calorifique du mélange, on introduit un gaz inerte tel que le dioxyde de carbone pour un mélange ayant un très haut pouvoir calorifique ou de l'air ou de l'air enrichi en oxygène voire de l'oxygène pur s'il s'agit d'un mélange très peu auto-inflammable. L'enceinte ou sa canalisation 8 de sortie, possède une vanne V permettant d'ajuster la valeur de la pressurisation. En effet, cette vanne crée une perte de charge en amont de laquelle, grâce à la pompe P, on peut entretenir cette pression sous laquelle se forme cette mousse. Cette perte de charge peut tout simplement être constituée par la somme de la perte de charge le long de la canalisation 8 et celle ponctuelle de la buse de pulvérisa¬ tion à laquelle aboutit cette canalisation 8. En aval de cette enceinte 6, la canalisation 8 débouche dans un foyer 9 de combustion de type cyclone dans lequel la mousse achève sa détente. La détente partielle s'opérant dans la canalisation constitue le moteur de propulsion de la mousse en direction du foyer 9.The latter is then led to the inlet of an enclosure 6 by means of a pump P. The enclosure 6 also receives a gas 7 under pressure to create, with agitation, a pressurized foam for example between 2 and 10 bars. Depending on the calorific value of the mixture, an inert gas such as carbon dioxide is introduced for a mixture having a very high calorific value or air or air enriched with oxygen or even pure oxygen if it 'is a very little auto-flammable mixture. The enclosure or its outlet pipe 8 has a valve V allowing the value of pressurization. Indeed, this valve creates a pressure drop upstream of which, thanks to the pump P, it is possible to maintain this pressure under which this foam is formed. This pressure drop may simply consist of the sum of the pressure drop along the pipe 8 and that of the point of the spray nozzle to which this pipe 8 leads. Downstream of this enclosure 6, the pipe 8 opens into a combustion chamber 9 of cyclone type in which the foam completes its expansion. The partial expansion taking place in the pipeline constitutes the motor for propelling the foam towards the hearth 9.
Le graphique de la figure 2 est une courbe qui illustre la variation de pression en fonction du volume spécifique du produit. Elle est significative également de la pression du produit circulant en continu dans les différentes parties du circuit. Ainsi la partie A de la courbe illustre l'augmentation de pression dans la pompe P, la partie B concerne le moussage dans l'enceinte 6 , la partie C illustre la pression du produit dans le conduit 8 jusqu'à son injec¬ tion dans le foyer 9 de combustion. Le gaz comburant 10 introduit également dans le foyer sera de préférence de l'oxygène, ce qui permet d'éviter les problèmes relatifs à la production d'oxydes d'azote lors d'une combustion à l'air. Dans une variante non représentée le foisonnement est réalisé dans 1'enceinte 6 à pression atmosphérique et la vanne V est remplacée par une pompe de propulsion de la mousse.The graph in FIG. 2 is a curve which illustrates the variation in pressure as a function of the specific volume of the product. It is also significant of the pressure of the product circulating continuously in the various parts of the circuit. Thus, part A of the curve illustrates the increase in pressure in the pump P, part B relates to the foaming in the enclosure 6, part C illustrates the pressure of the product in the conduit 8 until it is injected into the combustion hearth 9. The oxidizing gas 10 also introduced into the hearth will preferably be oxygen, which makes it possible to avoid the problems relating to the production of nitrogen oxides during combustion in air. In a variant not shown, the expansion is carried out in the enclosure 6 at atmospheric pressure and the valve V is replaced by a foam propulsion pump.
De ce foyer, on recueille dans un cendrier 10 les cendres dont la nature dictera le traitement ultérieur qu'elles auront à subir. Dans le cas d'effluents provenant du lessivage d'unités nucléaires, ces cendres seront contaminées et il sera utile de les "bloquer" dans une matrice d'enrobage avant un stockage définitif dans un site agréé. Les fumées de combustion 11 sont quant à elles refroidies dans u.n refroi- disseur 12 qui permet de condenser la vapeur d'eau qu'elles contiennent pour les en débarrasser. Elles sont ensuite passées dans des filtres 13 appropriés à très haute effica¬ cité qui retiennent toutes les particules indésirées dans un rejet atmosphérique. Au besoin on peut prévoir un réchauffage intermédiaire pour élever le point de rosée afin d'éviter toute condensation sur des parois froides des filtres. La référence 14 représente le retrait des particules (et des filtres qui en sont chargés), 15 étant la représentation de la voie de rejet dans l'atmosphère. Il est également possible de prévoir une post-combustion 17 à la suite du four 9.From this hearth, ashes are collected in an ashtray 10, the nature of which will dictate the subsequent treatment which they will have to undergo. In the case of effluents from the leaching of nuclear units, these ashes will be contaminated and it will be useful to "block" them in a coating matrix before final storage in an approved site. The combustion fumes 11 are cooled in a cooler. straightener 12 which condenses the water vapor they contain to get rid of them. They are then passed through filters 13 suitable for very high efficiency which retain all the unwanted particles in an atmospheric discharge. If necessary, intermediate heating can be provided to raise the dew point to avoid condensation on the cold walls of the filters. Reference 14 represents the removal of the particles (and of the filters which are charged with them), 15 being the representation of the path of discharge into the atmosphere. It is also possible to provide an afterburner 17 following the furnace 9.
Les avantages de l'invention et, par voie de conséquence, de l'installation qui permet de la mettre en oeuvre tiennent pour une grande part au fait que le combusti- ble est préparé sous forme de mousse, de préférence pressuri¬ sée qui permet d'ajuster 1'inertage du produit en fonction du mélange initial, ce qui permet de trouver un compromis entre la sécurité contre l'auto-inflammation à assurer pendant le transport et la facilité d'incinération. Outre l'intérêt que présente cette mousse du point de vue de son transport et de sa combustion grâce précisément à cette structure sous forme de mousse, la combustion est du type gaz et on peut aisément en régler la stoechiométrie. Les flammes courtes et la combustion complète que l'on constate, notamment lorsqu'on opère en présence d'oxygène pur, permet¬ tent de réduire notablement les dimensions du foyer de combustion. Il devient alors possible de prévoir que l'unité qui met en oeuvre le procédé de 1'invention soit mobile' et puisse être approché du lieu où sont produits les effluents (ce qui élimine tous les problèmes liés à leur transport et à leur stockage intermédiaire).The advantages of the invention and, consequently, of the installation which makes it possible to implement it are largely due to the fact that the fuel is prepared in the form of foam, preferably pressurized which allows to adjust the inerting of the product as a function of the initial mixture, which makes it possible to find a compromise between the safety against self-ignition to be ensured during transport and the ease of incineration. In addition to the advantage that this foam has from the point of view of its transport and its combustion thanks precisely to this structure in the form of foam, the combustion is of the gas type and its stoichiometry can easily be adjusted. The short flames and the complete combustion which one notes, in particular when one operates in the presence of pure oxygen, allows a significant reduction in the dimensions of the combustion hearth. It then becomes possible to provide the unit which implements the method is movable 1'invention 'and can be approached from the place where are produced the effluent (which eliminates all the problems associated with transportation and intermediate storage ).
Par ailleurs, on notera que l'effluent à brûler peut contenir des particules solides en suspension, celles-ci étant supportées par la structure mousseuse créée. Ces particules peuvent donc être coincinerees avec l'effluent à la manière d'une mousse chargée, c'est-à-dire une structure triphasique solide - liquide - gaz. Au besoin, on aura réalisé un broyage préalable de 1'effluent chargé pour ajuster la granulométrie des solides. On notera enfin que les mousses sont autonettoyan¬ tes (dans le cas où ce sont des produits de lessivage de cuve ou de générateurs de vapeur) ce qui rend aisé l'entretien de 1'installation.Furthermore, it will be noted that the effluent to be burned may contain solid particles in suspension, these being supported by the frothy structure created. These particles can therefore be trapped with the effluent to like a charged foam, that is to say a solid three-phase structure - liquid - gas. If necessary, prior grinding of the charged effluent will have been carried out to adjust the particle size of the solids. Finally, it should be noted that the foams are self-cleaning (in the case where they are tank leaching products or steam generators) which makes maintenance of the installation easy.
Le procédé de l'invention présente d'autant plus d'intérêt qu'il est polyvalent. En effet, par la transforma¬ tion des effluents à incinérer en mousse (chargée ou non) et pressurisée, il est applicable à une grande variété de produits. Cette mousse est également facilement modifiable dans sa composition ce qui permet d'autoriser un ajustement précis de sa formulation et un pilotage de la température de combustion.The process of the invention is all the more advantageous since it is versatile. Indeed, by the transformation of the effluents to be incinerated into foam (charged or not) and pressurized, it is applicable to a wide variety of products. This foam is also easily modifiable in its composition, which allows precise adjustment of its formulation and control of the combustion temperature.
On donnera à titre d'exemple quelques chiffres relatifs au traitement d'un effluent de lessivage d'un générateur nucléaire de vapeur. Cet effluent possède la composition suivante :By way of example, some figures will be given relating to the treatment of a leaching effluent from a nuclear steam generator. This effluent has the following composition:
- Acide gluconique 84g/l- Gluconic acid 84g / l
- Acide citrique 40g/l- Citric acid 40g / l
- Ammoniaque 20 g/1- Ammonia 20 g / 1
- Aminé grasse 8 g/1 - Métaux dissous 10 g/1- Fat amine 8 g / 1 - Dissolved metals 10 g / 1
- le reste étant de l'eau.- the rest being water.
La préparation de la mousse a été réalisée à partir de cet effluent additionné de fioul pour obtenir un produit final ayant 90 % d'effluent, 10 % de fioul en poids. L'incinération de 570 kg/h de cette mousse pressu¬ risée à l'oxygène avec 250 kg/h d'oxygène comme comburant (incluant un excès de 10 % par rapport à la stoechiométrie) a produit des fumées contenant principalement 1/4 de C02, et 2/3 d'H20. On voit la forte proportion d'eau dans ces fumées qui, une fois condensée, permet une très notable réduction des volumes à filtrer.The preparation of the foam was carried out from this effluent added with fuel oil to obtain a final product having 90% of effluent, 10% of fuel oil by weight. The incineration of 570 kg / h of this oxygen pressurized foam with 250 kg / h of oxygen as oxidizer (including a 10% excess compared to stoichiometry) produced fumes containing mainly 1/4 of C0 2 , and 2/3 of H 2 0. We see the high proportion of water in these fumes which, once condensed, allows a very significant reduction volumes to be filtered.
A titre comparatif, une combustion à l'air dans les mêmes conditions ne produirait que 24 % de vapeur d'eau et près de 60 % d'azote. By way of comparison, combustion in air under the same conditions would only produce 24% of water vapor and almost 60% of nitrogen.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de traitement de déchets organiques (2) principalement liquides selon lequel on réalise un mélange aqueux des substances à incinérer auquel on ajoute un combustible liquide (4) et des agents tensio-actifs (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à foisonner ce mélange en y incorporant un gaz (7) non combustible afin de créer une mousse à inertage contrôlé et à introduire cette mousse dans un foyer de combustion (9).1. Process for treating mainly liquid organic waste (2) according to which an aqueous mixture of the substances to be incinerated is produced to which a liquid fuel (4) and surface-active agents (3) are added, characterized in that it consists to swell this mixture by incorporating a non-combustible gas (7) therein in order to create a foam with controlled inerting and to introduce this foam into a combustion hearth (9).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le gaz (7) est du dioxyde de carbone.2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the gas (7) is carbon dioxide.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le gaz (7) est de l'oxygène. 3. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the gas (7) is oxygen.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le gaz (7) est de l'air enrichi.4. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the gas (7) is enriched air.
5. Procédé selon 1'une des revendications précéden¬ tes caractérisé en ce que le foisonnement est réalisé dans une enceinte (6) dans laquelle le mélange et le gaz sont introduits sous pression.5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion is carried out in an enclosure (6) into which the mixture and the gas are introduced under pressure.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendica¬ tions précédentes caractérisé en ce que le combustible liquide est chargé d'un déchet à coincinérer.6. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid fuel is charged with a waste to be co-incinerated.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendica- tions précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il est mis en oeuvre en continu.7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is implemented continuously.
8. Installation pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la revendication 7 caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en aval du mélangeur une pompe (P) débitant dans un circuit conduisant à un foyer (9) comportant l'enceinte (6) et la canalisation 8 dont la perte de charge totale correspond à l'élévation de pression produite par la pompe. . Installation selon la revendication 8 caractéri¬ sée en ce que le circuit reliant la pompe (P) au foyer (9) comporte une vanne d'ajustement de la perte de charge. 10. Installation selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est mobile. 8. Installation for implementing the method according to claim 7 characterized in that it comprises downstream of the mixer a pump (P) delivering in a circuit leading to a hearth (9) comprising the enclosure (6) and the pipe 8 whose total pressure drop corresponds to the pressure increase produced by the pump. . Installation according to claim 8 characterized in that the circuit connecting the pump (P) to the hearth (9) comprises a valve for adjusting the pressure drop. 10. Installation according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that it is mobile.
PCT/FR1992/000660 1991-07-15 1992-07-09 Organic waste incineration method WO1993002322A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5502618A JPH0833191B2 (en) 1991-07-15 1992-07-09 Incineration of organic waste
EP92916367A EP0593671A1 (en) 1991-07-15 1992-07-09 Organic waste incineration method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9108898A FR2679319B1 (en) 1991-07-15 1991-07-15 PROCESS FOR INCINERATION OF ORGANIC WASTE.
FR91/08898 1991-07-15

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CA (1) CA2113108A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2679319B1 (en)
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CZ303148B6 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-05-02 Vysoké ucení technické Atomization method of liquids for optimization of their burning
US9186635B2 (en) 2009-03-17 2015-11-17 Stryker Ireland Limited Vacuum mixing device for bone cement and method for mixing bone cement in said device
US9642774B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2017-05-09 Stryker European Holdings I, Llc Liquid container with predetermined breaking point

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JP5446351B2 (en) * 2009-03-17 2014-03-19 三郎 石黒 High temperature combustion method and apparatus using fuel and organic compound aqueous solution

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9186635B2 (en) 2009-03-17 2015-11-17 Stryker Ireland Limited Vacuum mixing device for bone cement and method for mixing bone cement in said device
US9999459B2 (en) 2009-03-17 2018-06-19 Stryker European Holdings I, Llc Vacuum mixing device for bone cement and method for mixing bone cement in said device
CZ303148B6 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-05-02 Vysoké ucení technické Atomization method of liquids for optimization of their burning
US9642774B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2017-05-09 Stryker European Holdings I, Llc Liquid container with predetermined breaking point

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2679319B1 (en) 1996-05-10
EP0593671A1 (en) 1994-04-27
FR2679319A1 (en) 1993-01-22
JPH06506292A (en) 1994-07-14
CA2113108A1 (en) 1993-02-04
JPH0833191B2 (en) 1996-03-29

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