WO1993001381A1

WO1993001381A1 - Earthquake and hurricane-proof dwelling

Info

Publication number: WO1993001381A1
Application number: PCT/FR1992/000439
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jacques Pieplus
Original assignee: Carlino, Carmine; Carlino Pieplus, Dominique; Pieplus, Jean-Luc; Pieplus, Dominique
Priority date: 1991-07-01
Filing date: 1992-05-18
Publication date: 1993-01-21
Also published as: FR2678667A1; AU1884192A; FR2678667B1

Abstract

A dwelling comprising a hexagonal framework, the ground beams (1) of which are arranged in equilateral triangles and receive, at the corners thereof, flying buttress beams (3) running upwards to an assembly joint (4) for the ridge beams (5) whose ends are connected by six peripheral beams and via peripheral joints (6) to the corners formed by the triangularly-arranged ground beams (1). Connecting cables connect the beams of the framework by means of vertically slidable rings, and further reinforcing cables using slidable rings connect the framework beams in one or more horizontal planes to the assembly joints or corners (6). The beams are provided with rollers to ease the sliding of the cables. This system is useful for detached dwellings (fig.1), but may be used for cluster dwellings simply by erecting the dwellings side by side while observing the basic principle of individual safety (fig.9).

Description

ANTISISMIC AND ANTICYCLONIC HOUSE

The subject of the invention is an earthquake-proof and high-pressure house.

The state of the art can be defined by the following patents: - FR-A-2,492,866: "Structure for protection against earthquakes. One superstructure rests on a foundation by means of a first platform load distribution and a second load distribution platform; between these platforms and between the lower platform and the foundation are arranged elastic support means in vertical direction, means limiting the amplitude of the displacements in the vertical direction, means braking the displacements in the horizontal direction, damping means which slow down the rapid movements but which cease to act beyond a determined force. "- FR- A- 2.494.329 : "Seismic" devices intended to preserve the individual house from the destructive effects of earthquakes. The object of the present invention is that 5 coil springs of 1.50 m long and 1 m in diameter, the springs will be arranged as follows: for a square or rectangular "detached house", a spring at each corner and a spring in the center. The springs will be sealed at their base in the reinforced concrete base, the four sides will also be in reinforced concrete 20 cm thick; the springs will be fitted into cylindrical cups previously welded to the sheet metal platform 10 m / m thick and 100 m2 in which will be welded, sealing lugs and onto which a 12 cm reinforced concrete slab will be poured 'thickness. Before installing the platform, the springs must be rigorously plumb and level with each other. Then the reinforced concrete slab can be poured and the "individual house Earthquake Resistant" can be built. "

- FR-A-2.494.330: "Protective device intended to attenuate, in fixed or mobile constructions, the destructive effects of earthquakes, produced by earthquakes, waves, viJra ions, breaths, explosions, resonance, waves, etc. It is made up of spheres of elastic material (rubber, neoprene, etc.) arranged in cell-bowls and generally between two rigid horizontal braces: when the ground sets in motion as a result,

REPLACEMENT SHEET For example, during an earthquake, the spheres come to life and by their rolling movement, combined with the elasticity of the matter that composes them, manage to absorb and dissipate the maximum of the energy transmitted by the ground. "-FR-A-2.500.873:" The present invention, entitled: "villa with translational support" aims to protect the inhabitants from earthquakes, thanks to a device easy to set up, very inexpensive and requiring no tutelage " technological ". This device, perfectly compatible with the profile of the self-builder, frees up individual initiatives in terms of earthquake-resistant construction at the scale of the family housing unit. It consists of a mattress of sand on which the support of the building rests, a system of ball joints at the main points of support and accompanying measures, in particular by means of consoles at the intersections of beams and load - bearing walls or pillars and. by means of a peripheral belt containing cork or the like in order to provide additional security in terms of shock regulation. "

-EN- A- 2.516.578: "Building structure capable of withstanding horizontal stresses produced for example during earthquakes. This structure is characterized in that it comprises:

- a steel building frame,

a load-bearing wall element placed outside the frame and facing a planar structure of said frame,

- a fixing device making it possible to connect the wall element to the frame, this fixing device having a resistance lower than the plastic deformation of the wall element. "- FR-A-2.581.690:" The device devised to absorb the thermal shocks transmitted to a building makes it possible first of all, in this building, not to be driven by the lateral displacements of the ground. Possible result thanks to sliding plates interposed between the base of the walls, capped with a hoof, and their seat. The friction between these plates, of different hardnesses, can be further reduced by vertical pressure, under the ground floor floor, of a fluid contained under an underlying tank, compressed by that of a central column of height adequate. The pressure of this fluid also reduces the effect of disintegration of vertical jerks. To annihilate them almost completely, compression springs are interposed between the shoe and the base of the walls which it covers. These springs absorb energy when the ground is lifted and return it when it is weak. The building does not deviate significantly from its Initial level. "

- FR- A-2,254,974: "The subject of the invention is buildings equipped with an anti-seismic device. The building according to the invention comprises one or more anti-seismic devices. Each of these devices is made up, in combination, of support devices. elastic, for example of lamellar springs, having a low horizontal stiffness and of wind stabilizing devices which secure the building with the support as long as the horizontal cutting forces remain below a determined threshold. be used optionally. An application is the construction of buildings which flex elastically or the action of horizontal movement or pressure and which can withstand earthquakes, cyclones or pressure waves without rupture or permanent deformation. "

The patents which best define the state of the art, with respect to this invention, are the following:

FR- A- 2.542.032: "The invention relates to orientable earthquake-resistant houses making it possible to build a non-deformable frame on three supports. The whole is placed on an orientable platform. keystone, each tetrahedron is formed of a lower beam receiving at each end two inclined beams. These support the ridge beams. The central beams are assembled around a keystone. This assembly is supported by three tubes on swiveling platform. "

FR-A-2.560.625: "The invention relates to a device enabling the knots of the framework and the legs - tubular support to be fixed rigidly and simply. The framework and the platform forming the floor are made up of horizontal beams assembled in an equilateral triangle. In the axis of the angles of this triangle rise towards the center of three flying beams, which bear against the connections of the horizontal ridge beams assembled in Y. The peripheral beam rise from the angles of this basic triangle towards the ends of the ridge. All assemblies are made using folded flat irons and bolts with nuts and washers, including support legs and keystones. "The earthquake-resistant houses described in these two patents describe the use of a hexagonal frame, the knots of which are made by means of ropes. These ropes are bolted in perforations, at the ends of beams. It is thus evident that the ropes provide only very relative flexibility to the assembly, which is a function of the elongation capacity of the cables; beyond this, there is rupture or deformation of the structure.

The invention tends to avoid these problems. For this purpose, the earthquake-proof and high-pressure house is of the type consisting of a hexagonal frame, the base beams of which are assembled in an equilateral triangle and receive, in the corners, buttress beams rising towards an assembly node. , acting as keystone or summit node, for assembling ridge beams, the ends of which are connected by six peripheral beams, by means of peripheral assembly nodes, at the angles formed by the basic beams assembled in a triangle, characterized by the fact that assembly cables connect, by loops sliding in a vertical plane, the beams of the

.framework and other chaining cables connect, by sliding loops, the beams of the framework, in one or more horizontal planes, at the angles or knots of assembly; the beams are provided with rollers or soft round irons, so as to facilitate the sliding of the cable (s).

According to one embodiment, three cables are arranged in a vertical plane (buttress beams and ridge beams) and two cables are arranged in a horizontal plane (peripheral beams).

At the summit node, the rollers are of different heights, so that the cables do not rub between them. The sliding loops are formed by cables, the ends of which are connected by a tensioner.

According to one embodiment, the basic beams are held against the ground by cables sliding on said beams on round and soft irons. The ends of said cables are united with beggars anchored to the ground.

According to one embodiment, the cables for supporting the ground are fixed at their end, each at the end of the base beams, the cable passes through one or more blocks acting as a pig in sheaths filled with grease, the cable passes in stirrups mounted on said base beams, said stirrups are provided with round and soft irons or rollers promoting the sliding of the cables.

According to another embodiment, the ends of the cables which hold the base beams are fixed to a counterweight, said counterweight is disposed in a terminal anchored to the ground and which acts as a support leg for the base of framing.

According to one embodiment, the terminal consists of two hollow elements which are assembled by horizontal translation to trap the counterweight connected to the end of the cable for holding the base beams; a hollow slab is key inserted into the terminal by its top to act as a key, thus locking the assembly of the two components of the terminal. The invention applies to collective individual houses and without limit of surface.

The attached drawings are given as indicative and non-limiting examples. They represent a preferred embodiment according to the invention. They will allow the invention to be easily understood.

• Figure 1 is a perspective view of the house according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a view of the house, seen in cross section in a vertical plane, showing a sliding cable forming a loop and passing through the base beams, the buttresses and the ridge beams.

Figure 3 is a sectional view of said house, seen in cross section in a horizontal plane.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a peripheral assembly node which assembles together the base beams and the beams acting as buttresses; it also highlights a sliding chaining cable, in the form of a horizontal loop, which maintains the flying buttresses or vertical beams. Figure 5 is a top view of the top node where the three sliding cables which intersect at different heights intersect.

Figure 6 is a view of the top node seen in section A-A.

Figure 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment where the ground support cables are fixed at their end, each at the end of the base beams, the cable passing through one or more blocks acting as pig. Figure 8 is a schematic view where the ends of the cables that hold the base beams are attached to a counterweight.

Figure 9 is a perspective view of a terminal anchored to the ground. Figure 10 is an exploded view of the various elements making up the terminal.

Figure 11 is a sectional view of the top of the house, it highlights the watering device by central pipe which allows to spread a curtain of water on all sides of the house.

The earthquake-proof and high-pressure house is of the type made up of a hexagonal frame as shown in FIG. 1.

The base beams 1 are assembled in an equilateral triangle and receive, in the angles 2, buttress beams 3 rising towards an assembly node acting as keystone or top node 4 for assembling ridge beams 5. The ends of said ridge beams 5 are connected by six peripheral beams or vertical beams 3 by means of peripheral assembly nodes 6, at the angles formed by the base beams 1 assembled in a triangle.

The assembly cables 7 connect, by loops sliding in a vertical plane, the beams 1,3,5 of the frame and other chaining cables 8 connect, by sliding loops, the beams 3 vertical peripherals of the frame in one or more horizontal planes at the angles or peripheral joining nodes 6.2.

In Figure 2, it is highlighted a sliding cable 7 forming a loop in a vertical plane; it connects the basic beams 1, the flying buttresses or vertical beams 3 and the beams ridge pieces.

In Figure 3, a sliding cable 8 is shown; it connects the basic beams, horizontal beams, which form the base of the equilateral triangles whose apex forms the assembly node which connects all the vertices of the equilateral triangles.

At the angles or knots of assembly, the beams 1,3,5 are provided with rollers or round soft irons 9,10,11 so as to favor the sliding of the cable or cables 7 and 8.

In the embodiment shown in the accompanying figures, three cables 7 are arranged in a vertical plane to hold the buttress beams 3 and the ridge beams 5 and two cables 8 are arranged in a horizontal plane to hold together the beams of base, peripheral beams 1.

As shown in Figure 4, at an angle 2, a peripheral assembly node allows to assemble the vertical beams or buttress 3 and the base beams 1. It also allows the passage of the cable 7 forming a loop in a vertical plane and cable 8 forming a sliding loop in a horizontal plane. To this end, the peripheral node has rollers 9, 10, 11 at each sharp angle, or if not rollers, round and soft irons, so as to promote the sliding of said cables 7 (vertical cable) and 8 (horizontal cable). In this embodiment, there are two horizontal cables (8) and three vertical cables (7). In Figure 6, at the summit node 4, the rollers 12> which open at each branch 13 of the summit node 4, are arranged at different heights so that the different cables 7, which form the loops sliding in a plane vertical, do not rub between them. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cables 7 and 8, which form the sliding loops, are connected at their ends by tensioners 14.

According to an embodiment shown in Figure 7, the base beams 1 are held against the ground by sliding cables 15 which pass through stirrups 16, integral with the base beams 11. In passing in the stirrups 16, these have round and soft rollers or irons 17 ensuring the sliding of the cables 15. The cables 15 form handles which pass in one or more stirrups 16 of the different beams basic 1.

These cables also pass through one or more blocks 18 or 19 which act as pigs. The cables 15 pass through sheaths 20 which are filled with grease, so as to facilitate, on the one hand, the conservation of the cables in good condition and, on the other hand, the sliding.

According to another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the ends of the cables 21 are fixed to a counterweight 22. Said counterweight 22 is disposed in a terminal 23, anchored to the ground and which acts as a foot support at the base of the frame.

This terminal 23 consists of two elements 24, 25, hollow elements which assemble by horizontal translation to trap the counterweight 22, connected to the end of the cable 21, which holds the base beams 1. A hollow slab 26 key enters into two-thirds of the top of terminal 23 to act as a locking key and assembly of the two elements 24, 25, making up said terminal 23.

According to another embodiment, represented on in FIG. 2, the house can be provided with a sprinkler device by central pipe 27. This central pipe 27 makes it possible to diffuse, by the summit node 4, a curtain of water 28 which falls on all sides of the house, keeping it at a low temperature.

REFERENCES

1. Basic beams

2. Angles of the buttress beams or joining node

3. Flying beams composed of ridge beams 5 and vertical peripheral beams 3

4. Summit node

5. Ridge beams

6. Peripheral assembly nodes

7. Assembly cables 8. Chaining cables

9. 10. 11. Rollers or round irons

12. Pebbles of the summit node

13. Branches of the summit node

14. Tensioners 15. Sliding cables

16. Stirrups

17. Soft round pebbles or irons

18. 19. Block acting as piggy 20. Sheaths 21. Cables

22. Counterweight

23. Terminal

24. 25. Hollow elements of the terminal 26. Hollow slab 27. Central pipeline 28.- Water curtain

Claims

1. Earthquake-proof and high-pressure house, of the type made up of a hexagonal frame, the basic beams (1) of which are assembled in an equilateral triangle and receive, in the corners, flying beams (3,5) rising towards a assembly node, acting as keystone or summit node

(4), for assembling ridge beams (5), the ends of which are connected by six peripheral beams (3), by means of peripheral assembly nodes (6), at the angles formed by the assembled base beams (1) in triangle, characterized by the fact that assembly cables (7) connect, by loops sliding in a vertical plane, the beams (1,3,5) of the frame and other chaining cables (8) connect , by sliding loops, the vertical peripheral beams (3) of the frame, in one or more horizontal planes, at the peripheral angles or nodes of assembly (6,

2); the beams (1,

3,5) are provided with rollers or soft round irons (9, 10, 11), so as to favor the sliding of the cable (s) (7,8). 2. Earthquake and anticyclonic house according to claim 1, characterized in that three cables (7) are arranged in a vertical plane (buttress beams (3) and ridge beams (5)) and two cables (8) are arranged in a horizontal plane (vertical peripheral beams (3)).

• 3. earthquake-proof and high pressure house according to claim 1, characterized in that at the top node (4), the rollers (12) are of different heights, so that the cables (7) do not rub between them.

4. Earthquake and high pressure house according to claim 1, characterized in that the base beams (1) are held against the ground by cables (15) sliding on said beams (1) on round and soft irons (17) ; the ends of said cables (15) are integral with pigs (18,19) anchored to the ground.

5. Earthquake and high pressure house according to claim 1, characterized in that the cables (15) for maintaining the ground are fixed to their end, each at the end of the base beams (1); the cable (15) passes through one or more blocks (18, 19) acting as a pig in sheaths (20) filled with grease, the cable (15) passes through stirrups (16) mounted on said base beams (1 ), said stirrups (16) are provided with round and soft irons or rollers (17) favoring the sliding of the cables (15).

6. Earthquake and anticyclonic house according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the cables (21) which hold the base beams (1) are fixed to a counterweight (22), said counterweight (22) is arranged in a terminal (23) anchored to the ground and which acts as a support leg at the base of the frame.

7. Earthquake and anticyclonic house according to claim 6, characterized in that the terminal (23) consists of two hollow elements (24, 25) which are assembled by horizontal translation to trap the counterweight (22) connected to The end of the cable (21) for holding the base beams (1); a hollow slab (26) key enters the terminal (23) by its top to act as a key, thus locking the assembly of the two elements (24, 25) composing the terminal (23).

8. Earthquake and high pressure house according to claim 1, characterized in that the house can be provided with a sprinkler device by central pipe (27); this central pipe (27) makes it possible to diffuse, through the top node (4), a curtain of water (28) which falls on all the faces of the house.