WO1993001359A1 - Artificial block for ocean, river and land structures, method of manufacture and means of assembly - Google Patents

Artificial block for ocean, river and land structures, method of manufacture and means of assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993001359A1
WO1993001359A1 PCT/FR1992/000657 FR9200657W WO9301359A1 WO 1993001359 A1 WO1993001359 A1 WO 1993001359A1 FR 9200657 W FR9200657 W FR 9200657W WO 9301359 A1 WO9301359 A1 WO 9301359A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blocks
block
prisms
assembly
plane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1992/000657
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Georges Vincent
Louis Tourmen
Original Assignee
Dumez
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dumez filed Critical Dumez
Publication of WO1993001359A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993001359A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/129—Polyhedrons, tetrapods or similar bodies, whether or not threaded on strings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an artificial block intended in particular for the production of (i) maritime or fluvial works of protection against the direct or indirect action of waves and currents, (ii) earth dams, (iii) models in reduction for experiments, (iv) of toys, to a process for manufacturing said block and to arrangements for assembling said blocks.
  • the block meets the objectives considered essential for a block of this type, namely: (i) stability with respect to the factors with which it may be faced and, in particular, with regard to the effects of waves and currents, when it is used for the realization of maritime or river works, (ii) the robustness during the stages of manufacture, of installation in the works and within the solid masses or protections formed of a set of blocks, (iii) facilities for manufacturing, handling, installation or removal.
  • Stability is ensured, on the one hand, by the ability of the block or a group of blocks to hang on the underlying support faces, that the blocks are used in intermediate layers within a solid or to constitute an envelope layer of the shell type of works, and, on the other hand, by the faculties of the blocks, placed in contact in a group, to combine with each other due to the particular shape of each block and thus to constitute coherent sets offering an alternation of full and empty spaces in a proportion favorable to an efficient destruction of the energy of the phenomena which request them such as, for example, the energy of waves and currents, when they are used for the realization maritime or river works.
  • the manufacturing facilities result from the particular shape of the block which offers a lower planar face ensuring the natural seating of the block, an upper planar face and, between these two parallel flat faces, funnel connections facilitating the introduction and setting place of the constituent material and its vibration when this is necessary.
  • FEUEL ⁇ DE REM PLACERENT pronounced in areas likely to be subject to tension stresses during manufacture, very significantly reduces the risk of cracks appearing during drying of the constituent material.
  • the massive and rational shape of the block does not require the use of internal reinforcements or artifices of this kind to obtain the qualities of robustness expected from this type of block.
  • the invention relates to an artificial block characterized in that it basically consists of two straight prisms with isosceles triangular bases such as 5 for the upper prism and 6 for the lower prism (FIG. 1), identical or not, whose axes of symmetry coincide, whose bases of prisms such as 7 for the upper prism and 8 for the lower prism, are perpendicular to each other and whose vertex edge such as 1 for the lower prism and 3 for the upper prism (figure 1) and the base plane 2 for the lower prism and 4 for the upper prism ( Figure 1) corresponding to the apex and the base of the isosceles triangles, are inverted.
  • the two prisms 5 and 6 overlap one another, always presenting a common solid of variable importance.
  • the projection is not taken into account.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a block, characterized in that it is produced by a mold comprising openings corresponding to the base planes 2 and 4 of the isosceles triangles, one of these openings, called the lower, such that that corresponding to the base plane 2, rests directly on the manufacturing area, being separated from it by a thin plastic sheet or any other equivalent device, in order to avoid the adhesion of the material of the block to the 'manufacturing area, the other opening, called upper, such as that corresponding to the base plane 4, allows the introduction, placement and packaging of the material of the block.
  • the mold is made up of two identical shells; this mold has neither bottom in its lower part, nor cover in its upper part; its plane of symmetry, which is at the same time the assembly plane
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET of the two shells is perpendicular to the plane of the upper opening, such as that corresponding to the base plane 4, and includes the longitudinal axis of symmetry of said upper opening.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the block according to the invention.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are perspective views of two limiting block variants according to the invention.
  • Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are perspective views of block variants according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the two identical shells of the mold, detached from the block according to the variant of FIG. 9.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of the mold formed of the two assembled shells.
  • Figure 1 there is shown a block explaining the invention; it appears from this figure that the apex edge 1 of the prism 6 is included in the prism 5 and that the apex edge 3 of the prism 5 is included in the prism 6, the axis of symmetry ZZ being common to the two prisms 5 and 6.
  • the nesting of the two prisms 5 and 6 is defined by the height h and the thickness el and e2 of each of the prisms.
  • the height h is variable and greater than a particular value which is itself a fraction of the total height H of the block defining the distance between the basic planes 2 and 4, which particular value depending on the qualities of robustness sought according to the use considered.
  • the lengths L1 and L2 of the base planes 2 and 4 of the block are substantially equal to each other and to the total height H of the block.
  • the block according to FIG. 2 corresponds to a value of h equal to H; the block according to FIG. 3 corresponds to a nesting of prisms for which the value of h is substantially equal to el and e2.
  • the block according to FIG. 4 is a variant of block according to FIG. 1, the corners of which form acute angles, such as 9, at the base of the isosceles triangles, are truncated, revealing planes of truncation, such as 10 and 11, the planes of truncation 10 and 11 being perpendicular to the bases of the prisms, such as 7 and 8 of the prisms 5 and 6 and being perpendicular to the base planes 2 and 4.
  • the block according to FIG. 5 is a variant of a block according to FIG. 4 whose truncation planes, such as 12 and 13 are inclined relative to the base planes 4 and 2.
  • the block according to FIG. 6 is a variant of the block according to FIGS. 4 and 5 whose truncation planes, such as 10, are broken down into end facets, such as 14 and 15, whose lateral faces of the upper prism, such that 16 are broken down into lateral facets, such as 17 and 18, including the bases of the lower prism, such as 8, are broken down into lateral faces, such as 19 and 20, this in particular with a view to facilitating the manufacture and demolding of the block and the nesting of the blocks between them.
  • the block according to FIG. 7 is a variant of block according to FIG. 6, the bases of the upper prism, such as 7, are broken down into central front faces, such as 21 and into lateral front faces, such as 22 and 23, this in view in particular to facilitate the nesting of the blocks between them.
  • the block according to FIG. 8 is a variant of block according to FIG. 7 by adding gussets such as 24, these gussets being intended to fill in the inside corners, such as that which is defined by the lateral faces, such as 19 and the faces lateral fronts, such as 22 and 23.
  • the block according to FIG. 9 differs from the block according to FIG. 8 by modifying the lateral facets, such as 17 and 18, and the front faces of the lower prism, such as 25, as they appear in FIG. 8 for the visible part. concerned of the block and which become respectively the upper lateral facets, such as 28, and lower, such as 29, the upper lateral facets, such as 30, and lower, such as 31, and the lower frontal facets, such as 26, and upper, such as 27, for the apparent exposed part of the block, as it is drawn in FIG. 9.
  • Gussets, such as gusset 32 drawn in FIG. 9, fill the inside corners in a similar manner to gusset 24, as it appears in figure 8.
  • the mold according to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 corresponds to a block as it is drawn in FIG. 9. It is composed by the assembly of two identical shells 33 and 34. This mold has neither bottom in its lower part, nor cover in its upper part.
  • the contour of the outer edge of the lower opening of the mold is reinforced by the addition of a lower belt 35 increasing its rigidity and its seat.
  • the contour of the outer edge of the upper opening of the mold is reinforced by the addition of an upper belt 36 increasing its rigidity and facilitating the conditions of filling, placing
  • each of the shells is equipped with assembly joints, such as 38, integral parts of these, along their assembly contours and intended (i) to increase the rigidity of each of the shells , (ii) to position one shell relative to the other, during assembly of the mold, (iii) to increase the rigidity of the mold made up of the two assembled shells, (iv) to receive the fastening and clamping elements of the two shells between them.
  • the blocks of the type object of the invention constituting assemblies, can be arranged aligned, arranged, stowed or in bulk, in one or more layers or in homogeneous blocks of blocks of identical or different sizes.
  • the blocks arranged in a group overlap one another to form a coherent whole and resistant to external stresses by offering an alternation of solids and voids favorable to an effective destruction of the energy of the phenomena which solicit them.
  • the neighboring blocks of identical sizes characterized by the height H
  • the blocks are placed in different attitudes and according to a predetermined laying plane.
  • the blocks are placed on lines parallel to each other and parallel to the lower abutment for supporting the blocks and at a distance between the centers of gravity of two successive blocks of the same line , invariable for a given type of block of height H; this distance is called the longitudinal laying mesh.
  • the distance between two successive laying lines is called mesh in the slope of the slope or transverse mesh.
  • the blocks located on two successive lines are generally staggered. These two meshes have values proportional to the total height H of a given block and are not necessarily equal.
  • the invention also relates to the arrangements for assembling blocks with a view, in particular, to constituting a continuous dam formed of a single line of contiguous blocks, characterized in that the lower faces of the blocks rest on the same plane, as the axes longitudinal of the upper base planes or of the lower base planes are aligned or arranged alternately or arranged obliquely with respect to each other.
  • the invention also relates to the arrangements for assembling blocks with a view, in particular, to constituting a continuous dam formed by several lines of adjacent blocks, characterized in that the blocks according to the arrangements defined in the preceding paragraph forming the line n are offset by 'a fraction of H with respect to each of the blocks composing line n-1.
  • the invention also relates to an artificial block, the molding and manufacturing process and the arrangements for assembling blocks, characterized in that the blocks may be of reduced dimensions, of height H equal to a few centimeters in order to be used for experiments or to make toys.

Abstract

An artificial block is described for structures such as ocean and river structures in particular, and specifically for forming an outer shell providing protection against the effects of swell and current. The geometric shape of the block consists of two straight prisms (5, 6) with isoceles triangle bases, the axes of symmetry of which coincide. The prism bases (7, 8) are mutually perpendicular, and the apex edges (1, 3) and base planes (2, 4) corresponding to the apexes and bases of the isoceles triangles are inverted, the two prisms (5, 6) engaging with each other and always forming a single solid.

Description

BLOC ARTIFICIEL POUR STRUCTURES MARITIMES, FLUVIALES ETARTIFICIAL BLOCK FOR MARITIME, RIVER AND
TERRESTRES, PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DUDIT BLOC ETLAND, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAID BLOCK AND
DISPOSITIONS D'ASSEMBLAGE DESDITS BLOCSASSEMBLY PROVISIONS FOR SUCH BLOCKS
L'invention est relative à un bloc artificiel destiné notamment à la réalisation (i) d'ouvrages maritimes ou fluviaux de protection contre l'action directe ou indirecte des vagues et des courants, (ii) de barrages terrestres, (iii) de modèles en réduction en vue d'expériences, (iv) de jouets, à un procédé de fabrication dudit bloc et à des dispositions d'assemblage desdits blocs. Le bloc répond aux objectifs considérés comme essentiels pour un bloc de ce type, à savoir : (i) la stabilité vis-à-vis des facteurs auxquels il peut être confronté et, en particulier, vis-à-vis des effets des vagues et des courants, lorsqu'il est utilisé pour la réalisation d'ouvrages maritimes ou fluviaux, (ii) la robustesse pendant les étapes de fabrication, de mise en place dans les ouvrages et au sein des massifs ou des protections formés d'un ensemble de blocs, (iii) les facilités de fabrication, de manutention, de pose ou dépose.The invention relates to an artificial block intended in particular for the production of (i) maritime or fluvial works of protection against the direct or indirect action of waves and currents, (ii) earth dams, (iii) models in reduction for experiments, (iv) of toys, to a process for manufacturing said block and to arrangements for assembling said blocks. The block meets the objectives considered essential for a block of this type, namely: (i) stability with respect to the factors with which it may be faced and, in particular, with regard to the effects of waves and currents, when it is used for the realization of maritime or river works, (ii) the robustness during the stages of manufacture, of installation in the works and within the solid masses or protections formed of a set of blocks, (iii) facilities for manufacturing, handling, installation or removal.
La stabilité est assurée, d'une part, par les aptitudes du bloc ou d'un groupe de blocs à s'accrocher sur les faces d'appui sous-jacentes, que les blocs soient utilisés en couches intermédiaires au sein d'un massif ou pour constituer une couche enveloppe du type carapace d'ouvrages, et, d'autre part, parles facultés des blocs, placés en contact dans un groupe, de se combiner entre eux du fait de la forme particulière de chaque bloc et ainsi de constituer des ensembles cohérents offrant une alternance de pleins et de vides dans une proportion favorable à une destruction efficace de l'énergie des phénomènes qui les sollicitent comme, par exemple, l'énergie des vagues et des courants, lorsqu'ils sont utilisés pour la réalisation d'ouvrages maritimes ou fluviaux.Stability is ensured, on the one hand, by the ability of the block or a group of blocks to hang on the underlying support faces, that the blocks are used in intermediate layers within a solid or to constitute an envelope layer of the shell type of works, and, on the other hand, by the faculties of the blocks, placed in contact in a group, to combine with each other due to the particular shape of each block and thus to constitute coherent sets offering an alternation of full and empty spaces in a proportion favorable to an efficient destruction of the energy of the phenomena which request them such as, for example, the energy of waves and currents, when they are used for the realization maritime or river works.
La robustesse d'un bloc aux différentes étapes de son existence, fabrication, manutention, pose, au sein d'un ouvrage, résulte de sa forme spécifique à la fois massive et rationnelle du point de vue de la mécanique des solides, et qui ne comporte pas de porte-à-faux ou d'angles rentrants accentués susceptibles d'engendrer des contraintes de tension anormales.The robustness of a block at the various stages of its existence, manufacture, handling, installation, within a structure, results from its specific form, both massive and rational from the point of view of solid mechanics, and which does not has no overhang or accentuated re-entrant angles likely to generate abnormal tension stresses.
Les facilités de fabrication résultent de la forme particulière du bloc qui offre une face plane inférieure assurant l'assise naturelle du bloc, une face plane supérieure et, entre ces deux faces planes parallèles, des raccordements en entonnoir facilitant l'introduction et la mise en place du matériau constitutif et sa vibration lorsque celle-ci est nécessaire. L'absence d'angles rentrantsThe manufacturing facilities result from the particular shape of the block which offers a lower planar face ensuring the natural seating of the block, an upper planar face and, between these two parallel flat faces, funnel connections facilitating the introduction and setting place of the constituent material and its vibration when this is necessary. The absence of re-entrant angles
FEUEL Ξ DE REM PLACERENT prononcés dans les zones susceptibles d'être l'objet de contraintes de tension en cours de fabrication, réduit très sensiblement le risque d'apparition de fissures en cours de séchage du matériau constitutif. Dans ces conditions, il n'est pas indispensable de prévoir l'addition de goussets aux intersections des facettes élémentaires définissant la forme générale du bloc ; cependant de tels goussets peuvent être ajoutés en vue d'accroître la robustesse du bloc et de faciliter son moulage et son démoulage. De même, la forme massive et rationnelle du bloc ne nécessite pas le recours à des armatures intérieures ou artifices de ce genre pour obtenir les qualités de robustesse attendues de ce type de bloc. L'invention a pour objet un bloc artificiel caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué fondamentalement de deux prismes droits à bases triangulaires isocèles tels que 5 pour le prisme supérieure et 6 pour le prisme inférieur (figure 1), identique ou non, dont les axes de symétrie coïncident, dont les bases des prismes telles que 7 pour le prisme supérieur et 8 pour le prisme inférieur, sont perpendiculaires entre elles et dont l'arête de sommet telles que 1 pour le prisme inférieure et 3 pour le prisme supérieur (figure 1) et le plan de base 2 pour le prisme inférieur et 4 pour le prisme supérieur (figure 1) correspondant au sommet et à la base des triangles isocèles, sont inversés. Les deux prismes 5 et 6 s'imbriquent l'un dans l'autre en présentant toujours un solide commun d'importance variable. Dans la disposition où l'imbrication est telle que l'arête de sommet 1 ou 3 correspondant à l'un des prismes est extérieure à l'autre prisme comme, par exemple, la disposition de la variante présentée par la figure 2, la saillie correspondante n'est pas prise en compte.FEUEL Ξ DE REM PLACERENT pronounced in areas likely to be subject to tension stresses during manufacture, very significantly reduces the risk of cracks appearing during drying of the constituent material. Under these conditions, it is not essential to provide for the addition of gussets at the intersections of the elementary facets defining the general shape of the block; however, such gussets can be added in order to increase the robustness of the block and to facilitate its molding and demolding. Likewise, the massive and rational shape of the block does not require the use of internal reinforcements or artifices of this kind to obtain the qualities of robustness expected from this type of block. The invention relates to an artificial block characterized in that it basically consists of two straight prisms with isosceles triangular bases such as 5 for the upper prism and 6 for the lower prism (FIG. 1), identical or not, whose axes of symmetry coincide, whose bases of prisms such as 7 for the upper prism and 8 for the lower prism, are perpendicular to each other and whose vertex edge such as 1 for the lower prism and 3 for the upper prism (figure 1) and the base plane 2 for the lower prism and 4 for the upper prism (Figure 1) corresponding to the apex and the base of the isosceles triangles, are inverted. The two prisms 5 and 6 overlap one another, always presenting a common solid of variable importance. In the arrangement where the nesting is such that the vertex edge 1 or 3 corresponding to one of the prisms is external to the other prism as, for example, the arrangement of the variant presented in FIG. 2, the projection is not taken into account.
L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de fabrication d'un bloc caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé par un moule comportant des ouvertures correspondant aux plans de base 2 et 4 des triangles isocèles, l'une de ces ouvertures, dit inférieure, telle que celle correspondant au plan de base 2, repose directement sur l'aire de fabrication, étant séparée de celle-ci par une feuille de plastique mince ou tout autre artifice équivalent, afin d'éviter l'adhérence du matériau constitutif du bloc sur l'aire de fabrication, l'autre ouverture, dite supérieure, telle que celle correspondant au plan de base 4, permet l'introduction, la mise en place et le conditionnement du matériau constitutif du bloc.The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a block, characterized in that it is produced by a mold comprising openings corresponding to the base planes 2 and 4 of the isosceles triangles, one of these openings, called the lower, such that that corresponding to the base plane 2, rests directly on the manufacturing area, being separated from it by a thin plastic sheet or any other equivalent device, in order to avoid the adhesion of the material of the block to the 'manufacturing area, the other opening, called upper, such as that corresponding to the base plane 4, allows the introduction, placement and packaging of the material of the block.
Le moule est constitué par l'assemblage de deux coquilles identiques ; ce moule ne comporte ni fond dans sa partie inférieure, ni couvercle dans sa partie supérieure ; son plan de symétrie, qui est en même temps le plan d'assemblageThe mold is made up of two identical shells; this mold has neither bottom in its lower part, nor cover in its upper part; its plane of symmetry, which is at the same time the assembly plane
FEUILLE DE REMPLACEMENT des deux coquilles, est perpendiculaire au plan de l'ouverture supérieure, telle que celle correspondant au plan de base 4, et inclut l'axe de symétrie longitudinal de ladite ouverture supérieure.REPLACEMENT SHEET of the two shells, is perpendicular to the plane of the upper opening, such as that corresponding to the base plane 4, and includes the longitudinal axis of symmetry of said upper opening.
Les caractéristiques propres à l'invention concernant le bloc et son moule ressortent de la forme enveloppe du bloc et des modes de réalisation indiqués ci-après et illustrés par les dessins numérotés figure 1 à figure 11.The characteristics specific to the invention relating to the block and its mold appear from the envelope form of the block and from the embodiments indicated below and illustrated by the drawings numbered in FIG. 1 to FIG. 11.
La figure 1 est une vue en perspective du bloc selon l'invention.Figure 1 is a perspective view of the block according to the invention.
Les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues en perspective de deux variantes limites de bloc selon l'invention. Les figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 et 9 sont des vues en perspective de variantes de bloc selon l'invention.Figures 2 and 3 are perspective views of two limiting block variants according to the invention. Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are perspective views of block variants according to the invention.
La figure 10 est une vue perspective des deux coquilles identiques du moule, détachées du bloc selon la variante de la figure 9.FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the two identical shells of the mold, detached from the block according to the variant of FIG. 9.
La figure 11 est une vue en perspective du moule formé des deux coquilles assemblées.Figure 11 is a perspective view of the mold formed of the two assembled shells.
Dans la figure 1 on a représenté un bloc explicitant l'invention ; il ressort de cette figure que l'arête de sommet 1 du prisme 6 est incluse dans le prisme 5 et que l'arête de sommet 3 du prisme 5 est incluse dans le prisme 6, l'axe de symétrie ZZ étant commun aux deux prismes 5 et 6. L'imbrication des deux prismes 5 et 6 est définie par la hauteur h et l'épaisseur el et e2 de chacun des prismes. La hauteur h est variable et supérieure à une valeur particulière qui est elle-même une fraction de la hauteur totale H du bloc définissant la distance entre les plans de base 2 et 4, laquelle valeur particulière dépendant des qualités de robustesse recherchées selon l'utilisation envisagée. Les longueurs Ll et L2 des plans de base 2 et 4 du bloc sont sensiblement égales entre elles et à la hauteur totale H du bloc.In Figure 1 there is shown a block explaining the invention; it appears from this figure that the apex edge 1 of the prism 6 is included in the prism 5 and that the apex edge 3 of the prism 5 is included in the prism 6, the axis of symmetry ZZ being common to the two prisms 5 and 6. The nesting of the two prisms 5 and 6 is defined by the height h and the thickness el and e2 of each of the prisms. The height h is variable and greater than a particular value which is itself a fraction of the total height H of the block defining the distance between the basic planes 2 and 4, which particular value depending on the qualities of robustness sought according to the use considered. The lengths L1 and L2 of the base planes 2 and 4 of the block are substantially equal to each other and to the total height H of the block.
Le bloc selon la figure 2 correspond à une valeur de h égale à H ; le bloc selon la figure 3 correspond à une imbrication des prismes pour laquelle la valeur de h est sensiblement égale à el et e2. Le bloc selon la figure 4 est une variante de bloc selon la figure 1 dont les coins formant angles aigus, tels que 9, à la base des triangles isocèles, sont tronqués faisant apparaître des plans de troncature, tels que 10 et 11, les plans de troncature 10 et 11 étant perpendiculaires aux bases des prismes, telles que 7 et 8 des prismes 5 et 6 et étant perpendiculaires aux plans de base 2 et 4. Le bloc selon la figure 5 est une variante de bloc selon la figure 4 dont les plans de troncature, tels que 12 et 13 sont inclinés par rapport aux plans de base 4 et 2.The block according to FIG. 2 corresponds to a value of h equal to H; the block according to FIG. 3 corresponds to a nesting of prisms for which the value of h is substantially equal to el and e2. The block according to FIG. 4 is a variant of block according to FIG. 1, the corners of which form acute angles, such as 9, at the base of the isosceles triangles, are truncated, revealing planes of truncation, such as 10 and 11, the planes of truncation 10 and 11 being perpendicular to the bases of the prisms, such as 7 and 8 of the prisms 5 and 6 and being perpendicular to the base planes 2 and 4. The block according to FIG. 5 is a variant of a block according to FIG. 4 whose truncation planes, such as 12 and 13 are inclined relative to the base planes 4 and 2.
Le bloc selon la figure 6 est une variante du bloc selon les figures 4 et 5 dont les plans de troncature, tels que 10, sont décomposés en facettes d'extrémité, telles que 14 et 15, dont les faces latérales du prisme supérieur, telles que 16 sont décomposées en facettes latérales, telles que 17 et 18, dont les bases du prisme inférieur, telles que 8 sont décomposées en faces latérales, telles que 19 et 20, ceci en vue notamment de faciliter la fabrication et le démoulage du bloc et l'imbrication des blocs entre eux.The block according to FIG. 6 is a variant of the block according to FIGS. 4 and 5 whose truncation planes, such as 10, are broken down into end facets, such as 14 and 15, whose lateral faces of the upper prism, such that 16 are broken down into lateral facets, such as 17 and 18, including the bases of the lower prism, such as 8, are broken down into lateral faces, such as 19 and 20, this in particular with a view to facilitating the manufacture and demolding of the block and the nesting of the blocks between them.
Le bloc selon la figure 7 est une variante de bloc selon la figure 6 dont les bases du prisme supérieur, telles que 7, sont décomposées en faces frontales centrales, telles que 21 et en faces frontales latérales, telles que 22 et 23, ceci en vue notamment de faciliter l'imbrication des blocs entre eux. Le bloc selon la figure 8 est une variante de bloc selon la figure 7 par addition de goussets tels que 24, ces goussets étant destinés à combler les angles rentrants, tel que celui qui est défini par les faces latérales, telles que 19 et les faces frontales latérales, telles que 22 et 23.The block according to FIG. 7 is a variant of block according to FIG. 6, the bases of the upper prism, such as 7, are broken down into central front faces, such as 21 and into lateral front faces, such as 22 and 23, this in view in particular to facilitate the nesting of the blocks between them. The block according to FIG. 8 is a variant of block according to FIG. 7 by adding gussets such as 24, these gussets being intended to fill in the inside corners, such as that which is defined by the lateral faces, such as 19 and the faces lateral fronts, such as 22 and 23.
Le bloc selon la figure 9 diffère du bloc selon la figure 8 par modification des facettes latérales, telles que 17 et 18, et des faces frontales du prisme inférieur, telles que 25, telles qu'elles apparaissent sur la figure 8 pour la partie apparente concernée du bloc et qui deviennent respectivement les facettes latérales supérieures, telles que 28, et inférieures, telles que 29, les facettes latérales supérieures, telles que 30, et inférieures, telles que 31, et les facettes frontales inférieures, telles que 26, et supérieures, telles que 27, pour la partie apparente concernée du bloc, telle qu'elle est dessinée sur la figure 9. Des goussets, tels que le gousset 32 dessiné sur la figure 9, garnissent les angles rentrants de manière analogue au gousset 24, tel qu'il apparaît sur la figure 8.The block according to FIG. 9 differs from the block according to FIG. 8 by modifying the lateral facets, such as 17 and 18, and the front faces of the lower prism, such as 25, as they appear in FIG. 8 for the visible part. concerned of the block and which become respectively the upper lateral facets, such as 28, and lower, such as 29, the upper lateral facets, such as 30, and lower, such as 31, and the lower frontal facets, such as 26, and upper, such as 27, for the apparent exposed part of the block, as it is drawn in FIG. 9. Gussets, such as gusset 32 drawn in FIG. 9, fill the inside corners in a similar manner to gusset 24, as it appears in figure 8.
Le moule selon la figure 10 et la figure 11 correspond à un bloc tel qu'il est dessiné figure 9. Il est composé par l'assemblage de deux coquilles identiques 33 et 34. Ce moule ne comporte ni fond en sa partie inférieure, ni couvercle en sa partie supérieure. Le contour du bord extérieur de l'ouverture inférieure du moule est renforcé par addition d'une ceinture inférieure 35 accroissant sa rigidité et son assise. Le contour du bord extérieur de l'ouverture supérieure du moule est renforcé par addition d'une ceinture supérieure 36 accroissant sa rigidité et facilitant les conditions de remplissage, de mise enThe mold according to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 corresponds to a block as it is drawn in FIG. 9. It is composed by the assembly of two identical shells 33 and 34. This mold has neither bottom in its lower part, nor cover in its upper part. The contour of the outer edge of the lower opening of the mold is reinforced by the addition of a lower belt 35 increasing its rigidity and its seat. The contour of the outer edge of the upper opening of the mold is reinforced by the addition of an upper belt 36 increasing its rigidity and facilitating the conditions of filling, placing
FEU.LLE DE REMPLACEMENT place et de conditionnement du matériau constitutif du bloc. Un ou plusieurs tirants, placés entre les bords supérieurs des coquilles, tels que ceux numérotés 37 sur la figure 11, assurent un surcroît de rigidité au moule. Dans leur plan d'assemblage, chacune des coquilles est équipée de joints d'assemblage, tels que 38, parties intégrantes de celles-ci, le long de leurs contours d'assemblage et destinés (i) à accroître la rigidité de chacune des coquilles, (ii) à positionner une coquille par rapport à l'autre, lors du montage du moule, (iii) à accroître la rigidité du moule constitué des deux coquilles assemblées, (iv) à recevoir les éléments de fixation et de serrage des deux coquilles entre elles. Les blocs du type objet de l'invention, constituant des ensembles, peuvent être disposés alignés, rangés, arrimés ou en vrac, en une ou plusieurs couches ou en massifs homogènes de blocs de tailles identiques ou différentes. Les blocs disposés en groupe s'imbriquent les uns dans les autres pour former un ensemble cohérent et résistant aux sollicitations extérieures en offrant une alternance de pleins et de vides favorable à une destruction efficace de l'énergie des phénomènes qui les sollicitent.FEU.LLE replacemen OF T place and conditioning of the material of the block. One or more tie rods, placed between the upper edges of the shells, such as those numbered 37 in FIG. 11, provide additional rigidity to the mold. In their assembly plan, each of the shells is equipped with assembly joints, such as 38, integral parts of these, along their assembly contours and intended (i) to increase the rigidity of each of the shells , (ii) to position one shell relative to the other, during assembly of the mold, (iii) to increase the rigidity of the mold made up of the two assembled shells, (iv) to receive the fastening and clamping elements of the two shells between them. The blocks of the type object of the invention, constituting assemblies, can be arranged aligned, arranged, stowed or in bulk, in one or more layers or in homogeneous blocks of blocks of identical or different sizes. The blocks arranged in a group overlap one another to form a coherent whole and resistant to external stresses by offering an alternation of solids and voids favorable to an effective destruction of the energy of the phenomena which solicit them.
Une meilleure cohérence des ensembles peut être obtenu lorsque deux blocs voisins sont placés dans des attitudes différentes. Ainsi, pour former une couche homogène et cohérente d'épaisseur uniforme, placée sur un talus, les blocs voisins de tailles identiques, caractérisés par la hauteur H, sont placés dans des attitudes différentes et selon un plan de pose prédéterminé. Dans le cas d'un talus plan et continu, les blocs sont placés sur des lignes parallèles entre elles et parallèles à la butée inférieure d'appui des blocs et à une distance entre les centres de gravité de deux blocs successifs d'une même ligne, invariable pour un type de bloc donné de hauteur H ; cette distance est dite maille de pose longitudinale. La distance entre deux lignes de pose successives est dite maille dans la pente du talus ou maille transversale. Les blocs situés sur deux lignes successives sont généralement disposés en quinconce. Ces deux mailles ont des valeurs proportionnelles à la hauteur totale H d'un bloc donnée et ne sont pas nécessairement égales.Better coherence of the sets can be obtained when two neighboring blocks are placed in different attitudes. Thus, to form a homogeneous and coherent layer of uniform thickness, placed on a slope, the neighboring blocks of identical sizes, characterized by the height H, are placed in different attitudes and according to a predetermined laying plane. In the case of a flat and continuous slope, the blocks are placed on lines parallel to each other and parallel to the lower abutment for supporting the blocks and at a distance between the centers of gravity of two successive blocks of the same line , invariable for a given type of block of height H; this distance is called the longitudinal laying mesh. The distance between two successive laying lines is called mesh in the slope of the slope or transverse mesh. The blocks located on two successive lines are generally staggered. These two meshes have values proportional to the total height H of a given block and are not necessarily equal.
L'invention concerne aussi les dispositions d'assemblage de blocs en vue, notamment, de constituer un barrage continu formé d'une seule ligne de blocs contigus, caractérisées en ce que les faces inférieures des blocs reposent sur un même plan, que les axes longitudinaux des plans de base supérieurs ou des plans de base inférieurs sont alignés ou disposés peφendiculairement en alternance ou disposés obliquement les uns par rapport aux autres. L'invention concerne aussi les dispositions d'assemblage de blocs en vue, notamment, de constituer un barrage continu formé de plusieurs lignes de blocs adjacentes, caractérisées en ce que les blocs selon les dispositions définies au paragraphe précédent formant la ligne n soient décalés d'une fraction de H par rapport à chacun des blocs composant la ligne n-1.The invention also relates to the arrangements for assembling blocks with a view, in particular, to constituting a continuous dam formed of a single line of contiguous blocks, characterized in that the lower faces of the blocks rest on the same plane, as the axes longitudinal of the upper base planes or of the lower base planes are aligned or arranged alternately or arranged obliquely with respect to each other. The invention also relates to the arrangements for assembling blocks with a view, in particular, to constituting a continuous dam formed by several lines of adjacent blocks, characterized in that the blocks according to the arrangements defined in the preceding paragraph forming the line n are offset by 'a fraction of H with respect to each of the blocks composing line n-1.
L'invention concerne aussi un bloc artificiel, le procédé de moulage et de fabrication et les dispositions d'assemblage de blocs, caractérisés en ce que les blocs peuvent être de dimensions réduites, de hauteur H égale à quelques centimètres afin d'être utilisés pour des expériences ou en vue de constituer des jouets.The invention also relates to an artificial block, the molding and manufacturing process and the arrangements for assembling blocks, characterized in that the blocks may be of reduced dimensions, of height H equal to a few centimeters in order to be used for experiments or to make toys.
FEUILLE DE REMPL-ACEIVI C-ÂΠ REPLACEMENT SHEET-ACEIVI C-ÂΠ

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Bloc artificiel pour structures, notamment pour structures des ouvrages maritimes et fluviaux et particulièrement pour constituer leurs carapaces de protection contre les effets de la houle et des courants, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué, dans sa forme théorique, par deux prismes droits à bases triangulaires isocèle (5, 6) dont les axes de symétrie coïncident, dont les bases des prismes (7, 8) sont perpendiculaires entre elles et dont l'arête de sommet (1, 3) et le plan de base (2, 4) correspondant au sommet et à la base des triangles isocèles sont inversées, les deux prismes (5, 6) s'imbriquant l'un dans l'autre en présentant toujours un solide commun et, dans sa forme d'usage, en ce que les coins formant angles aigus à l'arête des prismes (9) sont tronqués faisant apparaître des plans de troncature (13), que les plans de base supérieur (39) et inférieur (40) sont polygonaux et reliés entre eux par un ensemble continu de faces et de facettes planes (14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30 et 31).1. Artificial block for structures, in particular for structures of maritime and river works and particularly to constitute their shells of protection against the effects of swell and currents, characterized in that it is constituted, in its theoretical form, by two prisms straight with isosceles triangular bases (5, 6) whose axes of symmetry coincide, whose bases of the prisms (7, 8) are perpendicular to each other and whose vertex edge (1, 3) and the base plane (2 , 4) corresponding to the apex and the base of the isosceles triangles are reversed, the two prisms (5, 6) overlapping one another always presenting a common solid and, in its form of use, in that the corners forming acute angles at the edge of the prisms (9) are truncated revealing planes of truncation (13), that the upper base planes (39) and lower (40) are polygonal and interconnected by a continuous set of planar faces and facets (14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30 and 31).
2. Bloc selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les raccordements entre les faces latérales (19) et les faces frontales latérales (22, 23) comportent des goussets (32).2. Block according to claim 1, characterized in that the connections between the lateral faces (19) and the lateral frontal faces (22, 23) comprise gussets (32).
3. Bloc selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les longueurs Ll et L2 des plans de base supérieur (4) et inférieur (2) sont sensiblement égales entre elles et, elles-mêmes, sensiblement égales à la hauteur totale H, que la hauteur d'imbrication h des deux prismes est sensiblement égale au tiers de H et que leurs épaisseurs el et e2 sont sensiblement égales entre elles et elles-mêmes sensiblement égales à h. 3. Block according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lengths L1 and L2 of the upper (4) and lower (2) base planes are substantially equal to each other and, themselves, substantially equal to the total height H, that the nesting height h of the two prisms is substantially equal to a third of H and that their thicknesses el and e2 are substantially equal to each other and themselves substantially equal to h.
4. Bloc artificiel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur totale H des blocs est égale à quelques centimètres afin d'être utilisés pour des expériences ou en vue de constituer des jouets. 4. Artificial block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the total height H of the blocks is equal to a few centimeters in order to be used for experiments or in order to constitute toys.
5. Procédé de moulage et de fabrication d'un bloc selon les revendications 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le bloc est fabriqué dans un moule constitué par l'assemblage de deux coquilles identiques (33, 34) complétées par les ceintures supérieure et inférieure, tirants et joints d'assemblage (35, 36, 37 et 38) ne comportant ni fond en sa partie inférieure ni couvercle en sa partie supérieure, son plan de symétrie, qui est en même temps le plan d'assemblage des deux coquilles, étant peφendiculaire au plan de l'ouverture supérieure (39), en incluant l'axe de symétrie longitudinal de ladite ouverture ; la partie inférieure du moule reposant sur l'aire de fabrication et l'ouverture supérieure servant à FEUILLE DE REMPLACEMENT l'introduction, à la mise en place et au conditionnement du matériau constitutif du bloc.5. A method of molding and manufacturing a block according to claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the block is manufactured in a mold consisting of the assembly of two identical shells (33, 34) supplemented by the upper and lower belts, tie rods and assembly joints (35, 36, 37 and 38) having neither bottom in its lower part nor cover in its upper part, its plane of symmetry, which is at the same time the plane of assembly of the two shells, being peφendicular to the plane of the upper opening (39), including the longitudinal axis of symmetry of said opening; the lower part of the mold resting on the manufacturing area and the upper opening serving as a REPLACEMENT SHEET the introduction, installation and packaging of the material constituting the block.
6. Dispositions d'assemblage de blocs selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, en vue, notamment, de constituer une couche homogène et cohérente d'épaisseur uniforme, caractérisées en ce que les blocs identiques de hauteur totale H sont placés dans des attitudes différentes et selon un plan de pose prédéterminé.6. Arrangements for assembling blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 4, with a view, in particular, to constituting a homogeneous and coherent layer of uniform thickness, characterized in that the identical blocks of total height H are placed in different attitudes and according to a predetermined pose plan.
7. Dispositions d'assemblage de blocs selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, en vue, notamment, de constituer un barrage continu formé d'une seule ligne de blocs contigus, caractérisées en ce que les faces inférieures des blocs reposent sur un même plan, que les axes longitudinaux des plans de base supérieurs ou des plans de base inférieurs sont alignés ou disposés peφendiculairement en alternance ou disposés obliquement les uns par rapport aux autres. 7. Block assembly arrangements according to any one of claims 1 to 4, with a view, in particular, to constituting a continuous dam formed of a single line of contiguous blocks, characterized in that the lower faces of the blocks rest on the same plane, that the longitudinal axes of the upper base planes or the lower base planes are aligned or arranged peφendicululaire alternately or arranged obliquely with respect to each other.
8. Dispositions d'assemblage de blocs selon la revendication 6, en vue, notamment, de constituer un barrage continu formé de plusieurs lignes de blocs adjacentes, caractérisées en ce que les blocs formant la ligne h soient décalés d'une fraction de H par rapport à chacun des blocs composant la ligne n-1. 8. Arrangements for assembling blocks according to claim 6, with a view, in particular, to constituting a continuous dam formed by several lines of adjacent blocks, characterized in that the blocks forming the line h are offset by a fraction of H by relation to each of the blocks composing line n-1.
9. Dispositions d'assemblage de blocs selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 en vue, notamment, de constituer des structures complexes, caractérisées en ce que les dimensions de blocs adjacents sont différentes. 9. Arrangements for assembling blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 4 with a view, in particular, to constituting complex structures, characterized in that the dimensions of adjacent blocks are different.
PCT/FR1992/000657 1991-07-10 1992-07-09 Artificial block for ocean, river and land structures, method of manufacture and means of assembly WO1993001359A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR91/08920 1991-07-10
FR9108920A FR2678965B1 (en) 1991-07-10 1991-07-10 ARTIFICIAL BLOCK FOR MARITIME, RIVER AND LAND STRUCTURES, MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR SAID BLOCK AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR ASSEMBLING SUCH BLOCKS.

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WO1993001359A1 true WO1993001359A1 (en) 1993-01-21

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AU (1) AU2328392A (en)
FR (1) FR2678965B1 (en)
MA (1) MA22584A1 (en)
TN (1) TNSN92053A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993001359A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2720419B1 (en) * 1994-05-25 1996-08-09 Alexandre Voisin Artificial block.
EP3704310A1 (en) * 2017-10-31 2020-09-09 Baggermaatschappij Boskalis B.V. Dam cladded with rings

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH290810A (en) * 1950-03-10 1953-05-31 Neyrpic Ets Artificial block for the construction of hydraulic works.
FR2254413A1 (en) * 1973-12-14 1975-07-11 Montan Castell Ag
FR2626913A1 (en) * 1988-02-10 1989-08-11 Sogreah Construction formed of a set of artificial blocks
FR2647135A1 (en) * 1989-05-22 1990-11-23 Sogreah Artificial block particularly for producing sea and river protective structures

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH290810A (en) * 1950-03-10 1953-05-31 Neyrpic Ets Artificial block for the construction of hydraulic works.
FR2254413A1 (en) * 1973-12-14 1975-07-11 Montan Castell Ag
FR2626913A1 (en) * 1988-02-10 1989-08-11 Sogreah Construction formed of a set of artificial blocks
FR2647135A1 (en) * 1989-05-22 1990-11-23 Sogreah Artificial block particularly for producing sea and river protective structures

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AU2328392A (en) 1993-02-11
TNSN92053A1 (en) 1993-06-08
MA22584A1 (en) 1993-04-01
FR2678965B1 (en) 1993-10-22
FR2678965A1 (en) 1993-01-15

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