WO1992021796A1

WO1992021796A1 - Process for extracting plant fibers

Info

Publication number: WO1992021796A1
Application number: PCT/JP1991/000741
Authority: WO
Inventors: Katsuhiro Kikuchi
Original assignee: Katsuhiro Kikuchi
Priority date: 1991-05-31
Filing date: 1991-05-31
Publication date: 1992-12-10

Abstract

A process for extracting plant fibers by separating fibers from raw leaves of a plant, wherein the storability of the raw leaves is improved and raw yarns can be mass-produced therefrom by rapidly freezing the collected raw leaves for storage, slowly thawing the frozen leaves, and removing the mesophyll therefrom. Another process for extracting plant fibers wherein the mesophyll can be removed without destroying the texture of the raw leaves and damaging the fibers by streaking the epidermis of the thawed leaves and combing the leaves thus treated to thereby scratch off the mesophyll.

Description

Sho Itoda

Extraction method of plant fiber. Technical field>

The present invention relates to a method for separating and extracting (spinning) fibers by removing the mesophyll from the raw material leaves of plants such as pineapple, Chitose orchid, and Ry 舌 ng orchid.

The cross section of the pineapple fiber is composed of an aggregate of 0.3 d (denier) microfibers on average, and can be said to be a rare Mikulov iver as a natural fiber. .

For this reason, it has excellent characteristics not found in conventional fibers, and it is fully satisfactory in the aptitude test results to date ₍

'For example, there is no problem with the dyeing and weaving suitability of the pineapple fiber, and the fineness of the fiber makes the dyeing and soaking degree inevitably weakened, resulting in a slightly softer tone. It is not lacking in color, but rather has a unique coloration with a kind of mood.

In particular, it can be said that the coloring property when a chemical dye is used is extremely high.

In addition, if the characteristics of fibers are utilized more, methods such as plant dyeing using organic dyes will make the natural fibers more naive.

Although it is suitable for weaving, the finish has a unique luster and sharpness, and has a beautiful texture that surpasses that of other natural fibers (silk, cotton, hemp).

In addition, pineapple fiber is obtained by further processing the fine aggregates (fiber bundles) by soft oil arrowhead processing by oil immersion processing, and by subdividing woven fibers by open fibers. The spinnability can be increased.

This pineapple fiber belongs to the vein fiber, like ramie and linen, but also has superior moisture absorption and wicking properties to linen, and has a function comparable to ramie, as shown in Tables 1 and 2. It is clear that it has good aptitude enough to determine comfort over hemp products Table 1

Table 2

As described above, attempts have been made to extract pineapple fibers having excellent suitability for dyeing and weaving, weaving, and spinnability, as well as excellent hygroscopicity and divergence to produce pineapple woven fabric.

Such pine apple fiber cloth was the only one in the world to be produced in the Philippines as a pine cloth pinia as a traditional handicraft. Historically, it was not mass-produced and was never distributed worldwide.

This is because pineapple fibers are very fine and it is very difficult to extract such ultrafine fibers. Therefore, in developing such pineapple fiber cloth, it is important to overcome the difficulty of extracting ultra-fine fibers and to mass-produce the raw yarn. For this purpose, different considerations from conventional vein fibers such as hemp are required.

For example, when the mesophyll is removed from hemp leaves to separate and extract the fibers, the leaves are boiled or boiled with a chemical such as caustic soda or wood ash.

When this method is applied when extracting pineapple fibers, there are the following disadvantages.

In other words, since the skin of the pineapple leaves has a waxy portion, boiling it is meaningless, the moisture in the leaf portion does not come out, the tissue becomes extremely soft, and the tissue is destroyed.

Further, in the case of chemical treatment with a chemical such as caustic soda or wood ash, the extracted fiber is severely damaged because the pineapple fiber is very fine. Furthermore, in these methods, large-scale processing is difficult and processability is poor. Therefore, the separation of the mesophyll has been performed by physical processing by fiber drawing.

As such a fibering method, for example, a manual operation using a woodworking hammer can be considered.

However, in this method, the physical treatment by the weaving requires the skill of a craftsman because the fiber portion inside may be damaged. In addition, since it is a very unique work, the quality of the extracted yarn varies and the quality is not uniform. In addition, the yield and work efficiency of this work vary significantly between individuals, and the work is extremely hard, resulting in poor production efficiency.

In addition, mass production of the raw yarn cannot be achieved by directly collecting the raw material leaves and collecting the raw materials. It is necessary to spin the leaves sequentially. -When storing raw leaves, the raw leaves must not be dried.

In particular, when the raw material leaves are dried in the sky, in the case of in-apple, as described above, since the epidermis has a waxy portion, it does not produce moisture and becomes rotten, so this method is not possible.

In addition, there is a method of freezing and storing the raw material leaves, and thawing it when it is used.However, in the case of chicks, there are various conditions for freezing and thawing, and how to freeze and thaw without drying the raw material leaves Is important.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and is based on the fact that raw material leaf is separated by physical leaf removal processing, and the storage of raw material leaves in a step preceding the leaf removing step is performed. The objective is to overcome the difficulty of extracting ultra-fine fibers and to mass-produce raw yarns by freezing and thawing the raw material leaves in this process by the methods that the present inventors have found. In addition, the freezing and thawing of the raw leaves at the time of storing the raw leaves described above are performed by a method known to the present inventors, and then the physical separation is performed by performing a unique physical leaf removal process to separate the leaf. The purpose is to improve the performance.

Disclosure of the invention)

For this reason, in the present invention, when separating and extracting the fiber from the raw material leaves of the plant, the collected raw material leaves are rapidly frozen and stored, and the frozen raw material leaves are slowly thawed. Was removed.

According to such a configuration, when storing the raw material leaves, the raw material leaves can be effectively frozen and thawed without withering or decaying, and mass production of the raw yarn is possible. In particular, if the quick freezing is performed at about 0 to 160 ° C., more effective storage can be performed.

In addition, when removing the mesophyll from the raw leaves of the plant and separating and extracting the fibers, the above-mentioned rapid freezing and slow thawing are performed, and then the streaks are applied to the epidermis of the raw leaves, followed by streaks. Comb the raw material leaves and scrape off the leaf.

According to such a configuration, when storing the raw material leaves, the raw material leaves can be effectively frozen and thawed without wiping or decaying the raw material leaves. Therefore, the combing of the raw material leaves makes it easier to scrape the leaf meat, and taking into account the direction of the streaks, it is possible to prevent the force at the time of combing from being applied in the direction in which the fibers are extended. The leaf mesa can be efficiently scraped off without destroying the tissue and without damaging the fibers.

Further, the stitching step includes a pair of rotating rollers each provided with a large number of teeth on an outer peripheral surface, and the raw material leaves are conveyed by sandwiching the raw material leaves between both rollers. In addition to applying a streak to the outer skin by bending it in a zigzag manner, a streaking device for rolling the raw material leaves was used. According to such a configuration, there is an advantage that the quality of the extracted yarn is constant without the need for craftsmanship, the state of the extracted yarn is not varied, the production efficiency is good, and a large amount of processing is possible. It becomes possible.

Further, the combing process includes a pair of rotating rollers disposed opposite to each other at a predetermined distance, a pair of belts wound around both ends of each of the rollers, and both ends of both belts. Are connected to each other, and a comb unit formed by flocking a needle-shaped member on the outer surface is separated from the comb unit by a predetermined distance in the vertical direction to the left and right so that the belt planes are parallel to each other. one A pair of raw leaves are inserted between the comb portions of both comb cutting units by inserting the material leaves between the comb portions of both comb cutting units and moving the comb portions of both comb cutting units sequentially downward. The needle-shaped member of the comb part is moved on the surface of the raw material leaf in the state of being cut, and a comb cutting device for combing the leaf meat of the raw material leaf is used.

Even with such a configuration, it is possible to stabilize the quality '' and improve the production efficiency, and it is possible to process a large amount.

Brief description of drawings>

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the yarn-spinning process.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the stitching and press machine in Fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the combing machine in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a comb portion in the above-described comb cutter. FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of a device for conveying raw material leaves to the above-described combing machine. Embodiment of the invention>

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

First, referring to Fig. 1, an outline of the process of separating and extracting (spinning) iron from raw material leaves of pineapple as a plant is listed.

.

I Pre-processing

1. Pick up

2. Sorting and washing <Sorting tank>… Sort and wash raw leaves suitable for arrowheads, excluding immature and insect dead leaves, among the collected old leaves.

3. Rapid freezing (storage) <Freezing room>… Freeze the raw leaves at about 0 to 160 to prevent drying of the raw leaves. 4. Slow thawing (self-thawing) Thawing room>… Thaw the frozen raw leaves in high humidity. ·.

I Machining (crude raw yarn is extracted by a combination of bending and shaping)

5. Gears and rollers (streaking and press machines)

'6. Comb Sweeper-"

7. Washing <Washing tank>

I Equipment processing

8. Refining treatment solution solution tank>… Immerse in the solution to separate and dissolve the waxy and leafy substances attached to the crude yarn. .

9. Washing water tank

10. Bleaching treatment <Acid type water tank> Boil with a solution to perform fine bleaching and whitening.

1 1. Cleaning jet water tank②>

1 2. Dehydration drying <drying room>

Next, the above-described spinning process will be described in detail.

The fiber extracted from the fresh leaves of the regenerated plant after harvesting the pineapple fruit is extremely thin and transparent, resembling silk, which is called a silk glass.

Yarns made from this fiber can be divided into cotton yarns and handcrafted yarns.

In particular, leaves of pineapple from Oki are good as the raw yarn for cotton production.

The next stage of harvesting raw leaves can be taken at any time in conjunction with the harvesting season of the fruit.

The collected raw material leaves are immediately sent to the sorting and washing process, where they are placed in the sorting tank. In the sort 'washed. ..

Sorting 'The washed raw leaves are ^: sent to the freezer, where they are arrested frozen at about 0-160.

As described above, when the raw material leaves are rapidly frozen, the whole tissue of the raw material leaves is frozen and the tissue is not destroyed, but when the material is slowly frozen, the tissue is destroyed due to a difference in the expansion rate of each tissue during freezing. I will.

When using such frozen leaves, the leaves are sent to a thawing room where they are thawed in high humidity.

The material leaves thus thawed are sent to a gear roller (stitching / pressing machine).

As shown in FIG. 2, the gear roller 1 includes a pair of rotating rollers 3 and 4 each having a plurality of gear-shaped teeth 2 on the outer peripheral surface. By holding and transporting the raw material leaves, the raw material leaves are bent in a jerky manner to give a streak to the skin, particularly the waxy portion, and the raw material leaves are rolled.

In this case, a number of linear streaks are provided at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the raw material leaves, that is, in the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the fibers extend.

At this time, the raw material leaves are softened and rolled flat by being rolled to remove water (dewater).

Although the gear roller performs the stitching and pressing at the same time, separate devices having these functions may be used.

Next, as described above, the raw material leaves passed through the gear roller 1 are sent to a comb-siper (comb cutter).

This comb * siper (comb cutter) 5 is constructed as shown in Fig. 3. Is done.

That is, a pair of rotating shafts 67 arranged opposite to each other at a predetermined distance, and a pair of brackets 8 fixedly attached to both ends of each of the rotating shafts 6, 7. The combing unit 12 including the chains 9, 10 and a large number of comb portions 11 each having both ends connected to both chains 9 10 is arranged on the left and right sides so that they are parallel to each other. A pair is provided at a predetermined distance in the vertical direction.

One rotating shaft 7 of each of the comb cutting units 12 is configured as a drive shaft, and a drive force from a rotary drive device such as a motor 13 is applied to each drive shaft. Is transmitted via the Internet. As shown in FIG. 4, the comb portion 11 has a configuration in which a plurality of rectangular plate members 17 each having a needle-like member 16 planted thereon are joined to the outer surface of an elongated support member 15, respectively. Are provided in parallel at predetermined intervals in the moving direction of the motors 9 and 10.

The type of the needle-like member 16 is set to be different for each of the square plate members 17.

Here, the raw material leaves from the gear roller 1 are sent to the above-mentioned comb / siperper (comb cutting machine) 5 by a conveying device described below.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the transfer device is configured to rotate the transfer rail 18 by being connected to one end of the transfer rail 18 that is wound in a coil shape and extending. It is composed of the following:

Here, the motor 19 is supported on the ground by a support device 20. A support bar 21 extending along the transfer rail 18 is attached to the support device 20. The support bar 21 is provided at predetermined intervals. A support member 22 for supporting the transport rail 18 so that the wire portion thereof can rotate is fixedly attached.

The end of the transfer rail 1 is located above the two comb cutting units 12 of the conim / shaper 5 ′, extends between the two comb cutting units 12, and is the final end of the transfer rail 18. The portion is located near the side surface of both comb cutting units 12 and is connected to the pipe member 23. One end of a rectangular discharge rail 24 is connected to the pipe member 23. The other end of the discharge rail 24 extends obliquely toward the ground and is located at a predetermined height above the ground.

When combing the raw material leaves by the comb-shaper 5, the following procedure is performed.

That is, the base of the raw material leaf 27 is sandwiched between the binder members 25. A hook member 26 for suspension is attached to the binder member 25, and the hook member 26 is hooked on a coil wire portion of the transfer rail 18. Here, when the motor 19 is driven, the coil wire portion of the transport rail 18 rotates. When the coil wire portion rotates in this manner, the hook member 26 moves in the direction in which the coil wire portion extends while sliding on the coil wire portion, and is located at a position above both comb cutting units 12 of the comb siper 5. Then, it is transported to the end position between the two units 12. When the hook member 26 reaches this position, the raw material leaves are in a state of being inserted between the comb portions 11 of both comb cutting units 12. Here, when the comb cutting unit 12 is driven, the chains 9 and 10 rotate and move, so that both the comb cutting units I 2 come in contact with each other in the downward direction while coming into contact with each other. Go to. On the other hand, the raw material leaves are conveyed from one end position between the two units 12 to the other end position by the conveying rail 18. As a result, the needle-like member 16 of the comb portion 11 moves on the surface of the raw material leaf that is inserted and moved between the two comb portions 11 and combs the leaf meat of the raw material leaf. As a result, the leaf portion of the raw material leaves is shaved off.

In this case, once the streaks are applied to the epidermis of the raw material leaves, especially the waxy part, the raw material leaves are combed, so that the leaf meat part becomes easy to cut off. 'In the fiber direction, it is possible to prevent the force of combing in the direction in which the fiber extends from being applied, without destroying the tissue of the raw material leaf and without damaging the fiber, It can be cut off efficiently.

In addition, the raw material leaves that have undergone the above-mentioned stitching step may be dried with hot air and stored afterwards, and may be sent to the combing step when necessary.

As described above, the raw material leaves from which the mesophyll portion has been scraped are in a state where substantially fibers remain.

In addition, when storing in this manner, it is not necessary to dewater the raw material leaves in the stitching process, and only the stitching may be performed.

Next, the raw leaves are placed in a washing water tank for washing, and then placed in an alkaline solution tank, immersed in the solution to separate and dissolve the waxy and leafy substances adhering to the crude yarn. Is done.

Thereafter, the raw material leaves are placed in a jet water flow tank (2) for washing, and then placed in an acid type water tank and bleached.

Further, after this, the raw material leaves are put in a jet flow tank, washed, and then put into a drying room to be dehydrated and dried.

The raw yarn obtained as described above is sent to the pre-spinning step.

This pre-spinning process is described in a bulleted form.

Pre-spinning process a cut ... scutchi g

• Cut the yarn at a little over 20cm. Preparation for cotton production.

b Opening ... Opening machine opening

■ Separate the original yarn (filamentous filament) into finer filaments. This is the most technical process, called weaving. In some cases, it is used as a cotton mixing machine that mixes multiple raw cotton.

c Cotton: Raw cotton cardi ng

■ Make the opened filament flocculent. At this point, the non-spinnable short fibers are removed.

d Carding: Sliver processing comb i ng & g U I

'Continued cotton strips are flattened. This is called a cotton band.

'They are combed in one direction (comb treatment) and arranged in an aligned state.

e wool-… i ntersector

• Flattened strips are made into finer strips (cotton strips) and wound on a core.

• If selling cotton, it will be shipped as a product at this stage. Cotton formed through the above pre-spinning process becomes a yarn in the next spinning process. This spinning process will be described in a bulleted manner.

a spinning ... ring machine

• Hangs on the ring and spinner to form a spun yarn.

• For yarns, a thick gauge yarn with a large gauge is used.

b Refining ... Refining It can be processed with wood ash soda, etc., turned into a scallop, and then rolled into a form that is easy to dye and warp later. . Dyeing

Dye a skewer-like yarn bundle.

d

, Before being machined, it is wound on a core called sutra. e Completion of woven fabric

■ Development of various woven fabrics. Also, woven fabric according to the application.

In the above description, extraction of pineapple fiber has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to pineapple, but may be applied to other plants such as Chitose. The same can be applied to the method for separating and extracting the fibers by removing the fibers.

As described above, according to the present invention, when separating and extracting the fiber from the raw material leaves of the plant, the collected raw material leaves are rapidly frozen and stored, and the frozen raw material leaves are slowly thawed. Since the mesophylls are removed from the raw material, the raw material can be effectively frozen and thawed without losing the raw material when storing the raw material, and mass production of the raw yarn is possible.

In addition, when removing the mesophyll from the raw leaves of the plant and separating and extracting the fibers, the above-mentioned rapid freezing and slow thawing are performed, and then the streaks are applied to the epidermis of the raw leaves, and then the streaks are applied to the epidermis. As a result of combing the raw material leaves and shaving off the leaf meat, it is possible to effectively freeze and thaw the raw leaves without withering the raw leaves when storing the raw leaves and destroy the tissue structure of the raw leaves The leaf portion can be removed without damaging the fiber and without damaging the fiber. <Industrial applicability>.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, according to the present invention, according to the method for extracting plant fibers, particularly, it can be said that natural fibers are rare microfibers, and ultra-fine fibers having excellent characteristics not found in conventional natural arrowheads and the like. It is possible to overcome the difficulties of extracting fibres, such as pineapple, Chitose orchid, and Ryu tong orchid, and to mass-produce raw yarn from plant fibrils.

Claims

Special remarks

(1) In separating and extracting the fibers from the raw material leaves of the plant, a step of rapidly freezing and storing the collected raw material leaves, a step of slowly thawing the frozen raw material leaves, and A method for extracting plant fiber, comprising: removing a plant fiber.

(2) The method for extracting plant fibers according to claim 1, wherein the quick freezing is performed at about 0 to 160 ° C.

(3) A process of rapidly freezing and storing the collected raw material leaves when separating and extracting fibers by removing the mesophyll from the raw material leaves of the plant, and a process of slowly thawing the frozen raw material leaves. A plant fiber, comprising: a streaking step of applying a streak to the epidermis of a thawed raw material leaf; and a combing step of combing a raw material leaf having a streak applied to the epidermis to cut off the leaf meat portion. Extraction method.

(4) The stitching step includes a pair of rotating rollers each provided with a large number of teeth on the outer peripheral surface, and the raw material leaves are pinched and transported between the two rollers to convey the raw material leaves. 4. The method for extracting plant fiber according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises using a streaking / pressing device for bending the raw material leaves by folding the raw material into leaves.

(5) The combing step includes: a pair of rotating rollers disposed to face each other at a predetermined distance; a pair of belts wound around both ends of each of the rollers; And a comb section formed by flocking a needle-shaped member on the outer surface, and a comb-cutting unit including the belt are vertically and horizontally separated by a predetermined distance so that the planes are parallel to each other. A pair of raw materials leaves are inserted between the comb portions of both comb cutting units and are moved in the horizontal direction while the comb portions of both comb cutting units are sequentially moved downward. 4. The plant according to claim 3, wherein the comb-shaped device moves the needle-like member of the comb portion on the surface of the raw material leaf inserted between the two comb portions to comb the leaf portion of the raw material leaf. How to extract arrowheads. ''