WO1992020967A1 - Incinerateur - Google Patents

Incinerateur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992020967A1
WO1992020967A1 PCT/AU1992/000190 AU9200190W WO9220967A1 WO 1992020967 A1 WO1992020967 A1 WO 1992020967A1 AU 9200190 W AU9200190 W AU 9200190W WO 9220967 A1 WO9220967 A1 WO 9220967A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
incinerator
water
combustion chamber
chamber
further including
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1992/000190
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William Scholer
Original Assignee
Scholer Incineration Co Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scholer Incineration Co Pty Ltd filed Critical Scholer Incineration Co Pty Ltd
Publication of WO1992020967A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992020967A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/102—Combustion in two or more stages with supplementary heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/107—Arrangement of sensing devices for halogen concentration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/20—Medical materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/28—Plastics or rubber like materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55002—Sensing exhaust gas opacity

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to waste incinerators and more particularly to a naturally forced draft incinerator having a tortuous flue gas passageway between the furnace and the stack, and which is and which is operable to control the flow rate of gas in order to control the rate of combustion and therefore the temperatures associated therewith.
  • a still further disadvantage of known industrial incinerators is the starved air mode at which they operate. These low temperatures create back pressures within the incinerator thereby inhibiting the flow of gases through the incinerator.
  • Known incinerators do not adjust spontaneously to the combustion requirements of materials having different calorific content which can constitute the waste being delivered to the combustion chamber. Still further, known incinerators do not respond to changing conditions within the incinerator between ignition and advanced combustion. Accordingly known incinerators do not operate at optimum temperature and performance, which can result in incomplete destruction of the waste, including semi-toxic and highly toxic material.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an incinerator having a tortuous passageway between the furnace and the stack, which substantially ameliorates the above disadvantages.
  • a natural draft incinerator having a furnace and a stack. Interposed between the furnace and the stack is a tortuous flue passageway.
  • the tortuous passageway includes a water trap. The water level within the trap is adjusted to control the flow rate of gas through the incinerator.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side elevation of an alternate embodiment of the incinerator of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional top plan view of the incinerator as viewed through lines Q-Q of Figure 2.
  • an incinerator 10 includes a tortuous passageway 11 between the furnace 12 and the stack 13. Waste material is introduced into the furnace through a vertically counter-weighted guillotine type door. The waste material (or other fuel) falls through a chute 15 and continues downward into the furnace combustion chamber 16.
  • the incinerator 10 is loaded with a desired volume prior to or after ignition. Accordingly the incinerator is volumetrically loadable.
  • the furnace is lined with a refractory material 17 such as high alumina fire brick laid in high alumina fire clay and may include extended joints to eliminate spoiling and thermal shock damage. Opposing walls of the combustion chamber 18,19 include venturi air cones 20.
  • the air cones 20 may be pivotable or multi-directional and are open to atmosphere.
  • the floor of the combustion chamber 16 is in the form of a discharge grate 21.
  • the discharged grate includes two downward sloping, hinged sections 22 which together form a generally "V" shaped bottom which opens downwardly and from the centre 23.
  • Waste may be automatically or manually fed through the guillotine door at the front of the unit, or through a gravity-drop chute which passes through the vaulted or arched roof of the primary combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber 16 is normally filled to capacity with waste then ignited, either manually or automatically.
  • the resulting partial vacuum in the combustion primary and secondary chambers causes a natural forced draft excess air entry through the multi-directional cones 20, of atmospheric pressure at high velocity which penetrates the burning material and feeds oxygen to the exiting combustion case.
  • SUBSTITUTESHEET (the remaining 10%) is introduced under the grates insuring final and complete combustion.
  • the rate of combustion can be slowed by spraying water into the combustion chamber 16. Water or steam may also be sprayed into the incinerator 10, up to any location prior to the water trap 52. Rate slowing is advantageous in the combustion of highly volatile synthetic matter such as plastic and hazardous materials.
  • the oxygen disassociated from the spray water and slower burn rate facilitates the treatment of certain types of toxic or pathological wastes and waste gases given off by plastics, chemicals and synthetics.
  • the hinged grate 21 opens, resulting in the discharge of the remaining ash into an ash hopper and/or conveyor 25 located beneath the combustion chamber. Alternatively the remaining ash is manually raked out into bins.
  • the first ascending vertical passageway 32 includes a series of vertical ceramic or steel plates 43.
  • the vertical passageway 32 leads into a first vaulted chamber 44 which preferably Includes an auxiliary fuel burner 45.
  • the first vaulted chamber 44 leads through a descending and narrowing vertical passageway 46 and around a baffle 47 to an array of staggered and upright ceramic or metal plates 48.
  • the staggered plates 48 are separated from the first ascending vertical passageway 32 by a partition 49 which also supports one end of the vertical plates 43.
  • the vertical plates 43 are generally parallel with respect to one another, but the staggered plates 48 are not. Both sets of steel plates 43,48 are heated by the hot flue gases which pass over them.
  • the plates 43,48 in turn, radiate and further heat the ash and entrained solids which pass in proximity to them or impinge on them. While the flow of flue gas over the vertical plates 43 is relatively laminar or uniform, the flow of flue gas around the staggered plates 48 is more turbulent owing to the staggered and non- parallel relationship of the plates 48. This further contributes to the efficiency and effectiveness of the combustion process with respect to the entrained solids. Flue gas which has passed over the staggered plates 48 is introduced through a second ascending vertical passageway 49 into a second vaulted chamber 50. The plates 43 and 48 burn carbon material passing the plates 43 and 48. The second vaulted chamber 50 also includes an optional auxiliary burner 51. The second vaulted chamber 50 directs flue gas downward through a second descending vertical passageway 51 toward a recirculating water collector 52. Note
  • the above described incinerator operates within the range of 800°C to 1400°C.
  • the cones 20 have a length approximately equal to the inlet (larger) diameter, with the outlet (smaller) diameter being approximately half the inlet diameter. These ratios may be varied by up to 20% without significant fall off in efficiency.
  • the water trap 52 has a water level 14 governed by the movable weir wall 60.
  • the wall 60 is pivotally mounted via a shaft 61.
  • An external motor 62 operates a linkage 63 to cause pivotting of the wall 60 to adjust the height of the water level 14.
  • the motor 62 is controlled by sensors 65, 66 and 67.
  • the sensor 65 is responsive to temperature and detects the temperature of the gas entering the secondary combustion chamber provided by the chamber 44.
  • the sensor 66 is HCL responsive while the sensor 67 is an opacity sensor.
  • the water level 14 is adjusted by movement of the weir wall 60.
  • the incinerator 10 when the incinerator 10 is initially ignited, it is advantageous to slow the rate of flow of gas through the incinerator 10 in order to retain heat within the incinerator 10. This is achieved by raising the water level 14 and reducing the area of the orifice opening 64. As temperatures rise within the incinerator 10, and the sensor 65 responds thereto, the water level 14 is lowered to permit the flow rate of gas through the incinerator 10 to increase. As various materials of different calorific value are encountered by the
  • the water level 14 is adjusted so that the temperature and treatment of the combustion process is maintained at an optimum level.
  • the sensor 66 again will interact with the motor 62 to adjust the water level 14 to slow or increase the combustion rate down.
  • the water level 14 is raised to slow the combustion rate.
  • the sensors 65 to 67 could also operate sprays which deliver water into the combustion chamber 16 as discussed previously. The sprays would co-operate with the water level 14 to control the combustion rate.
  • the above described preferred embodiment has the advantage of providing for the unrestricted flow of gases through the incinerator ameliorating problems in respect of back pressures.
  • the above described incinerator 10 is responsive to varying combustion parameters such as temperature, and acidity and opacity of the gases exiting from the primary combustion chamber.
  • the above discussed means of controlling the gas flow rates through the incinerator control the combustion process as opposed to preventing natural gas flow through the incinerator. Still further the above described preferred embodiment has the capacity to run at the optimum temperature with respect to the materials contained in the combustion chamber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Abstract

Incinérateur à tirage naturel (10) qui comporte une chambre de combustion primaire (16) reliée à une cheminée (13) par un passage tortueux. Le long dudit passage se trouvent des chicanes (48) et un collecteur de l'eau (52). Le niveau de l'eau (14) du collecteur est réglé de manière à réguler le débit de gaz passant à travers l'incinérateur (10) et à réguler ainsi le processus de combustion survenant dans la chambre de combustion (16). Des capteurs (65, 66, 67) sont situés dans le passage de sortie (43) de la chambre (16) et grâce à un barrage mobile monté pivotant (60), ils commandent la hauteur du niveau de l'eau (14), et, partant, la superficie de la section du passage situé au-dessus du niveau de l'eau (14).
PCT/AU1992/000190 1991-05-10 1992-04-27 Incinerateur WO1992020967A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPK609491 1991-05-10
AUPK6094 1991-05-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992020967A1 true WO1992020967A1 (fr) 1992-11-26

Family

ID=3775397

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1992/000190 WO1992020967A1 (fr) 1991-05-10 1992-04-27 Incinerateur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1992020967A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994015946A1 (fr) * 1993-01-08 1994-07-21 Hybridon, Inc. Synthese de blocs dimeres et leur utilisation pour l'assemblage d'oligonucleotides
WO1994017093A1 (fr) * 1993-01-25 1994-08-04 Hybridon, Inc. Alkylphosphonates et alkylphosphonothioates d'oligonucleotides

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60162116A (ja) * 1984-01-31 1985-08-23 Hitachi Zosen Corp ごみ焼却炉
JPH01304023A (ja) * 1988-06-01 1989-12-07 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 溜水式集塵機の制御方法および装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60162116A (ja) * 1984-01-31 1985-08-23 Hitachi Zosen Corp ごみ焼却炉
JPH01304023A (ja) * 1988-06-01 1989-12-07 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 溜水式集塵機の制御方法および装置

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 90-026214/04, Class T06; & JP,A,01 304 023 (SIMITOMO METAL IND K.K.), 7 December 1989. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, M-442, page 85; & JP,A,60 162 116 (HITACHI ZOSEN K.K.), 23 August 1985. *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994015946A1 (fr) * 1993-01-08 1994-07-21 Hybridon, Inc. Synthese de blocs dimeres et leur utilisation pour l'assemblage d'oligonucleotides
WO1994017093A1 (fr) * 1993-01-25 1994-08-04 Hybridon, Inc. Alkylphosphonates et alkylphosphonothioates d'oligonucleotides

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